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Psi Kepribadian 1
(3 SKS)
Ahmad Gimmy Prathama Siswadi,
Nurul Wardhani
R. Urip Purwono
Airin Triwahyuni
Personality
Revealing Who We Really Are
When you meet someone for the first time, do you
ever wonder whether the person is putting on a front,
maybe trying to show himself or herself in the best
possible light? Increasingly, such first meetings are occurring on online social
networking sites such as Facebook and MySpace. More than 700 million people worldwide have

profiles on social networking sites (ComScore, 2008). How accurately do these online profiles

reflect their owners?

Recently, a team of personality psychologists, led by Mitja Back, sought to address this very
www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGdK67Z0A00
question, and the results might surprise you. The researchers asked 236 U.S. and 103 German

college students to complete a measure of their personality characteristics. Back and colleagues

then compared these reports to the information on each student’s online profile (Back & others,

2010). The results? The online profiles were well matched to the students’ actual characteristics.

In other words, rather than presenting an idealized version of themselves, the participants had

used their online profile to express their real personality. Indeed, Back and colleagues suggest

that this is the very reason for the popularity of social networking sites: They give us a chance

to share who we genuinely are.

We leave evidence of “the real us” in many of the settings we occupy in life—not just on

websites but also in offices, classrooms, bedrooms, and dorm rooms (Gosling, 2008a). “Who

we really are” is the topic that occupies personality psychology, our focus in this chapter.
 UNIVERSAL GROUP SPECIFICS IDIOSYNCRACIES

Characteristics and Characteristics and Characteristics and

principles common to principles shared with principles particular to the
human beings those similar in individual
identification and affiliation
General Psychology Unique pattern of growth
Including : Group differences based and development
on demographic and socio
Human Learning cultural variables Handycaps, body form, life
Human Development Ethical values and history, pattern of events
Psychophisiology tradition
Environmental Language Characteristics Particular pattern of traits
psychology Sex and age related and abilities
General laws of variations
communication Organizational affiliations Experience of self, self talk
Family traditions

The Psychology of Personality and Personality Assessment

Figure 1-1 Components of The Psychology of Personality and Personality Assessment (Sundberg, 1977, 8)
a dan b : kompleksitas nature dan nurture
c : accidental influences
d : pilihan/free will/choices
 Tujuan Umum
•  Setelah MK ini mahasiswa dapat
menjelaskan latar belakang, sejarah,
prinsip-prinsip, dan pendekatan
psikoanalisis (baik dalam riset, aplikasi,
dan pengembangan ilmunya) dalam
memandang kepribadian, serta mencari
contoh-contoh relevan dalam kehidupan
berdasarkan prinsip serta pendekatan
tersebut secara tepat.
•  (Mencakup penguasaan teori
psikoanalisis klasik dan kontemporer)
 Formal Goals
1.  Menguasai teori-teori kepribadian
2.  Mampu menganalisis persoalan psikologis nonklinis dan persoalan
perilaku, serta menyajikan alternatif pemecahan masalahnya yang sudah
ada
3.  Mampu menyampaikan gagasan secara tertulis, menampilkan presentasi
secara efektif, dan menggunakan teknologi informasi secara
bertanggungjawab.
4.  Menunjukkan perilaku yang didasari oleh sikap ilmiah serta pemikiran kritis
5.  Mampu mengelola diri sendiri,orang lain, maupun instrumen psikologi
dalam kegiatan-kegiatan akademik profesional
6.  Mampu memanfaatkan teknologi informasi dan komputer dalam kegiatan
akademik profesional
7.  Menguasai konsep teoritis perilaku individu dan kelompok yang didasari
oleh ajaran pokok psikologi (kepribadian, perkembangan, sosial, dan fungsi-
fungsi) terutama dalam konteks klinis, pendidikan, industri dan organisasi
8.  Mampu mempublikasikan pemikiran maupun hasil penelitian melalui forum-
forum ilmiah, jurnal ilmiah, dan atau media massa
 Prinsip-prinsip Tingkah Laku
(Kepribadian) Manusia
•  Tingkah laku adalah akibat
•  Tingkah laku selalu memiliki tujuan dan goal directed
•  Tingkah laku adalah hasil interaksi antara faktor
lingkungan dan ‘bawaan’
•  Melalui interaksi antara faktor lingkungan dan
‘bawaan’ tersebut, individu mengembangkan pola
kepribadiannya
•  Individu berbeda dalam hal nilai-nilai pribadi, sikap,
kepribadian, dan peran. Namun sebagai anggota
kelompok dapat terjadi share dalam hal values dan
characteristics.
•  Group/kelompok dapat membentuk tingkah laku
•  Motivasi terutama merupakan bentuk dari social
learning.
 10 Feist−Feist: Theories of I. Introduction 1. Introduction to © The McGraw−Hill
10 Feist−Feist: Theories of I. Introduction 1. Introduction to © Companies,
The McGraw−Hill
Personality, Seventh Personality Theory 2009
Personality,
Edition Seventh Personality Theory Companies, 2009
Edition

4
4 Part I Introduction
Part I Introduction
Kepribadian

No two people, not even identical twins, have exactly the same personalities.
No two people, not even identical twins, have exactly the same personalities.

Although no single definition is acceptable to all personality theorists, we can

Although no single definition is acceptable to all personality theorists, we can
say that personality is a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique character-
say that personality is a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique character-
istics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior. Traits con-
istics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior. Traits con-
tribute to individual differences in behavior, consistency of behavior over time, and
tribute to individual differences in behavior, consistency of behavior over time, and
stability of behavior across situations. Traits may be unique, common to some group,
stability of behavior across situations. Traits may be unique, common to some group,
or shared by the entire species, but their pattern is different for each individual. Thus
or shared by the entire species, but their pattern is different for each individual. Thus
each person, though like others in some ways, has a unique personality. Character-
each person, though like others in some ways, has a unique personality. Character-
istics are unique qualities of an individual that include such attributes as tempera-
istics are unique qualities of an individual that include such attributes as tempera-
ment, physique, and intelligence.
 Definisi Kepribadian
•  Kepribadian adalah organisasi dari sistem
psikofisik yang dinamis yang digunakan
individu untuk menyesuaikan diri secara
unik dengan lingkungannya.
•  Semua sifat dan karakteristik yang relatif
permanen dan secara konsisten
melandasi perilaku manusia
 TWO BASIC METHODS IN
PERSONALITY
•  Idiographic: person centered; studies the within-subject organization of
personality (eg. case study)

•  Nomothetic: variable centered; studies relations between variables for the

general population (eg. correlational methods)

---> Pre-scientific methods? Physiognomy and phrenology

10
radical biological determinism!

PHYSIOGNOMY PHRENOLOGY

11
12
 Good Theory

1. Generate Research
2. Is it Falsifiable ?
3. Organized and explain knowledge
4. Practical solutions
5. Internally consistent
6. Simple / Parsimonious
Asumsi dimensi-dimensi dalam
konsep manusia
1.  Determinism vs Free choice
2.  Pessimism vs Optimism
3.  Causality vs Teleology
4.  Conscious vs Unconscious
5.  Biological vs Social
6.  Uniqueness vs Similarity
Key Terms and Concepts
• The term “personality” comes from the Latin persona, or the mask that
people present to the outside world, but psychologists see personality as
much more than outward appearances.
• Personality includes all those relatively permanent traits or characteristics
that render some consistency to a person’s behavior.
• A theory is a set of related assumptions that allows scientists to formulate
testable hypotheses.
• Theory should not be confused with philosophy, speculation, hypothesis,
or taxonomy, although it is related to each of these terms.
• Six criteria determine the usefulness of a scientific theory: (1) Does the
theory generate research? (2) Is it falsifiable? (3) Does it organize and
explain knowledge? (4) Does it suggest practical solutions to everyday
problems? (5) Is it internally consistent? and (6) Is it simple or
parsimonious?
• Each personality theorist has had either an implicit or explicit concept of
humanity.
• Concepts of human nature can be discussed from six perspectives:
(1) determinism versus free choice, (2) pessimism versus optimism,
(3) causality versus teleology, (4) conscious versus unconscious
determinants, (5) biological versus social factors, and (6) uniqueness
versus similarities in people.
 Approach Summary
Psychodynamic Personality is characterized by
unconscious processes. Child-
hood experiences are of great
importance to adult personality.
Humanistic Personality evolves out of the
person’s innate, organismic
motives to grow and actualize the
self. These healthy tendencies can
be undermined by social pressure.
Trait Personality is characterized by
five general traits that are repre-
sented in the natural language
that people use to describe them-
selves and others.
Personological To understand personality, we
and Life Story must understand the whole
person. We all have unique life
experiences, and the stories we
tell about those experiences make
up our identities.
Social Cognitive Personality is the pattern of coher-
ence that characterizes a person’s
interactions with the situations he
or she encounters in life. The
individual‘s beliefs and expecta-
tions, rather than global traits, are
the central variables of interest.
Biological Personality characteristics reflect
underlying biological processes
such as those carried out by the
brain, neurotransmitters, and
genes. Differences in behaviors,
thoughts, and feelings depend on
these processes.
FIGURE 12.10 Approaches to Personality Psychology This figure summarizes the broad approaches to personality described in this
chapter. Many researchers in personality do not stick with just one approach but apply the various theories and methods that are most relevant to their
research questions.
Assumptions
The most important aspects of
personality are unconscious.
Human nature is basically
good. By getting in touch
with who we are and what
we really want, we can lead
happier, healthier lives.
Traits are relatively stable
over time. Traits predict
behavior.
The life story provides a
unique opportunity to
examine the personality
processes associated with
behavior, development, and
well-being.
Behavior is best understood
as changing across situa-
tions. To understand person-
ality, we must understand
what each situation means
for a given person.
Biological differences
among individuals can
explain differences in their
personalities.
Typical Methods Sample Research Question
Case studies, projective How do unconscious
techniques. conflicts lead to
dysfunctional behavior?
Questionnaires, Can situations be changed
interviews, to support individuals’
observation. organismic values and
enhance their well-being?
Questionnaires, Are the five factors
observer reports. universal across cultures?
Written narratives, TAT How do narrative accounts
stories, autobio- of life experiences relate
graphical memories, to happiness?
interviews, and
psychobiography.
Multiple observations When and why do
over different situa- individuals respond to
tions; video-recorded challenging tasks with fear
behaviors rated by versus excitement?
coders; questionnaires.
Brain imaging, twin Do genes explain
studies, molecular individual differences
genetic studies. in extraversion?
 Perbandingan asumsi dasar dari berbagai perspektif
teori kepribadian yang utama
ASUMSI PERSPEKTIF PERSPEKTIF PERSPEKTIF PERSPEKTIF
PSIKODINAMIK BEHAVIORAL HUMANISTIK BIOLOGIS

Freedom vs. Determinism Determinism Freedom Determinism

Determinism

Nature vs. Nature Nurture Interaction Nature

Nurture
Conscious vs. Unconscious Varies Conscious Unclear
Unconscious

Person vs. Person Situation Person Person

Situation
 Referensi
•  Theories of Personality : Calvin S. Hall &
Gardner Lindzey
•  Feist & Feist : Theories of Personality
•  Sumber-sumber lain tentang Psikoanalisis
dan Freud