SENIOR

Basic Calculus HIGH

SCHOOL

IMPLICIT Module
DIFFERENTIATION 17
Quarter 3
Precalculus
Quarter 3 – Module 17: Implicit Differentiation
First Edition, 2020

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Basic Calculus SENIOR
HIGH
SCHOOL

Module

17
Quarter 3
IMPLICIT
DIFFERENTIATION
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Basic Calculus (Senior High School) Module on Implicit

Differentiation!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from
Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools Division
Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with the Local
Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto.
The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners
as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Basic Calculus Module on Implicit Differentiation!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning material while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectation - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module

Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.

Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the learning

competency.

Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module. Ito po ang parts ng module
 EXPECTATIONS

Lesson: Implicit Differentiation

Learning Objectives:

At the end of the learning episode, you are expected to:

1. illustrate implicit differentiation and
2. solve problems using implicit differentiation.

PRETEST

𝑑𝑦
Directions. Use implicit differentiation to find .
𝑑𝑥

1. 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 2 = 7

2. 𝑥 3 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 3 = 4

3. 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦

4. 𝑥 + tan(𝑥𝑦) = 0

5. 𝑥 4 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = 𝑥 3 𝑦 2

RECAP

𝑑𝑦
Directions: Write the function in the form 𝑦 = 𝑓 (𝑢)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥 ). Then find 𝑑𝑥 as
a function of.

1. 𝑦 = (3𝑥 + 2)6

2. 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝑥
 LESSON

Not all functions can be easily written in a form where the independent
variable is completely isolated from the dependent variable, and for some
relations it is simply not possible. Functions and relations of these types are
called implicit. Equations like
𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 + 4𝑥𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 = 0, or 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 36 = 0
define an implicit relation between the variables x and y, meaning that a value
x determines one or more values of y, even though we do not have a simple
formula for the y values.
In our previous examples on differentiation, we have dealt with
equations in the form 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) that expresses y explicitly in terms of the
variable x. But when you are unable to solve for y as a function of x, like the
example
𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 3 + 5𝑦 = 7
the rules on differentiation that we have learned in the previous lessons may
𝑑𝑦
not work anymore. To find for the given equation, we will use Implicit
𝑑𝑥

Differentiation

STEPS IN PERFORMING IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION

1. Differentiate both sides of the equation with respect to x.
𝑑𝑦
2. Collect all terms involving on the left side of the equation and
𝑑𝑥
move all other terms to the right side of the equation.
𝑑𝑦
3. Factor out of the left side of the equation.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
4. Solve for .
𝑑𝑥
EXAMPLE 1
𝑑𝑦
Find 𝑑𝑥
given that 𝑦 3 − 𝑥 2 = 𝑥 + 𝑦.

Solution.
1. Differentiate both sides of the equation with respect to x.
𝑑 𝑑
(𝑦 3 − 𝑥 2 ) = (𝑥 + 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 2 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑦 3 ) − (𝑥 ) = (𝑥) + ( 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
3𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 = 1 +
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
2. Collect all terms involving on the left side of the equation and move all
𝑑𝑥
other terms to the right side of the equation.
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
3𝑦 2 − = 2𝑥 + 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
3. Factor 𝑑𝑥
out of the left side of the equation.

𝑑𝑦
(3𝑦 2 − 1) = 2𝑥 + 1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
4. Solve for .
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 2𝑥 + 1
= 2
𝑑𝑥 3𝑦 − 1
EXAMPLE 2
𝑑𝑦
Find given that 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦 2 = 0
𝑑𝑥

Solution.
𝑑 2 𝑑 𝑑 2
(𝑥 𝑦) − (𝑥𝑦 2 ) + (𝑦 ) = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥2 + 2𝑥𝑦 − [ (𝑥 ∙ 2𝑦) + 𝑦 2 ] + 2𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥2 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦 = 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2
(𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦) = −𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦
= 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦
EXAMPLE 3
𝑑𝑦
Find 𝑑𝑥
given that 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 .

Solution.
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) = (𝑥 3 ) + (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦) Use the Product Rule on the left
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ) 2
+ 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 3𝑥 − (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 side.
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ) + (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦) = 3𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦) = 3𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 3𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦)

EXAMPLE 4
𝑑𝑦
Find 𝑑𝑥
given that 3𝑦 + 𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 4𝑒 𝑥 .

Solution.
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(3𝑦) + (𝑙𝑛𝑦) = (4𝑒 𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦
3 +( ) = 4𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
(3 + ) = 4𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 4𝑒 𝑥 4𝑦𝑒 𝑥
= =
𝑑𝑥 1 3𝑦 + 1
3+𝑦

EXAMPLE 5.
Find the equation of the line tangent
𝑥 3 + 𝑦 2 = 5 at the point (1, 2).

Solution.
𝑑 3 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥 ) + (𝑦 2 ) = (5)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
3𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 =0 Figure 1
𝑑𝑥
 𝑑𝑦
3(1)2 + 2(2) 𝑑𝑥 = 0 Substitute (1, 2)

𝑑𝑦 −3
=
𝑑𝑥 4
Using the point – slope formula 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚 (𝑥 − 𝑥1 ), we now have the
equation of the tangent line
−3
𝑦− 2= (𝑥 − 1)
4

Example 6
Find the derivative of 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 using implicit differentiation.
Solution.
Rewrite the function as 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = 𝑥, then differentiate both sides of the
function.
𝑑 𝑑
(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦) = (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 𝑑𝑥
=1
𝑑𝑦 1
= − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑦.
𝑑𝑥
Figure 2

To write the answer in terms of x, we will go back to 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = 𝑥. We know that

𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦 = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 1, which means that the opposite side to the angle is
√1 − 𝑥 2 .
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 1
𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑦 = = .
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 √1−𝑥 2

Thus,
𝑑𝑦 1
= −𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑦 = − .
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥 2
 ACTIVITIES

𝑑𝑦
Directions. Use implicit differentiation to find .
𝑑𝑥

1. 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 8
𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
= 5.
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦−1 𝑑𝑦

4. 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑦
2. 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑥 = −2 𝑑𝑦

𝑥𝑒 𝑦+3 𝑑𝑥
= 3.
3. 𝑦 = sin 𝑥𝑦 10− 𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑦

3𝑥 3 𝑦 2 −1 𝑑𝑥
= 2.
1
4. 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑦
1−3𝑥 2𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦

𝑦 𝑑𝑥
=− 1.
𝑥 𝑑𝑦

5. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑦 = 1 POSTTEST

WRAP–UP

To summarize what you have learned today, kindly answer/perform

the following questions/instructions:

1. Describe briefly what is implicit differentiation.

2. Enumerate the steps in performing implicit differentiation.

VALUING

At first, one would think that finding the derivative of 𝑥 3 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 2 + 7 =

12 would be a very difficult task to do knowing that it would be tedious or
impossible to isolate x from y in the given equation. But here comes the
implicit differentiation, telling us that we can still find the derivative of a
function y with respect to x without having to solve the given equation for y.
If we are to think the process of finding the derivative of a function as finding
our purpose in life, then implicit differentiation shows us that even if we have
limitations and weaknesses as individuals, it is still possible for us to achieve
greater heights and find the purpose of our existence especially if we are able
to recognize the implicit and explicit love of our Creator.

POSTTEST

𝑑𝑦
Directions. Use implicit differentiation to find 𝑑𝑥
.

1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 7
𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
= 5.
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦−1 𝑑𝑦

4. 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑦
2. 𝑥 3 𝑦 3 − 𝑦 − 𝑥 = 0 𝑑𝑦

𝑥𝑒 𝑦+3 𝑑𝑥
= 3.
3. 𝑥𝑒 𝑦 − 10𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 0 10− 𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑦

3𝑥 3 𝑦 2 −1 𝑑𝑥
= 2.
4. 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑦 = 𝑥 − 𝑦
1−3𝑥 2𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦

𝑦 𝑑𝑥
=− 1.
5. 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 𝑥(1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦)
𝑥 𝑑𝑦

POSTTEST
 KEY TO CORRECTION
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦−2𝑥 3𝑦 𝑑𝑥 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑦 𝑑𝑥
= 5. = 5.
3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 −4𝑥 3 𝑑𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑦

𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
= 4. = −𝑦 2 cos ቀ ቁ cot ( ) 4.
−𝑐𝑜𝑠2 (𝑥𝑦)−𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1 1 𝑑𝑦

𝑑𝑥 1−𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥𝑦) 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑦 3. = 3.
𝑑𝑦 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥𝑦) 𝑑𝑦

3𝑦 2 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥(𝑥+2𝑦) 𝑑𝑥
= 2. = 2.
𝑦−3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 −𝑦(𝑦+2𝑥) 𝑑𝑦

𝑥 2 +2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
= 1. = 1.
−2𝑥𝑦−𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑥 𝑑𝑦

PRETEST ACTIVITY

𝑑𝑥
= 3𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥2. 𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 ; 𝑦 = 𝑢3 ;
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑢6; = 18(3𝑥 + 2)5 1. 𝑢 = 3𝑥 + 2; 𝑦 =
𝑑𝑦

RECAP

REFERENCES

BOOKS

Alferez, G.S. Introduction to Calculus. Quezon City, Philippines: MSA

Publishing House, 2004.

Balmaceda J.M. et al.Teaching Guide for Senior High School: Basic Calculus.
Quezon City, Philippines: Commission on Higher Education, 2016
Leithold, L.TC7 Leithold. Singapore: Addison Wesley Longman Inc, 1996

Mendelson, E. 3000 Solved Problems in Calculus. New York, United

States of America: McGraw Hill Company, 1988

Thomas, G.B et al. Thomas’ Calculus. United States of America: Pearson

Education, 2010