Miss.

Honey
ID.No.119661

Concrete
Concrete is a mixture of Cement, Aggregate: which is coarse and fine aggregate, Water and Admixture.

Cement
Types of cements

1. Portland Cement Portland Cement

1. Ordinary Portland
2. Modified Portland 3. High Early Strength 4. Low heat Portland 5. Sulphate resisting
cement (OPC)
cement (MPC) Portland cement cement (LHPC) Portland cement
(HEPC) (SRPC)

2. Pozzoland cement Combination of Fly Ash which is a waste from coal (Not more than 30-40% of cement :120kg) and Ordinary Portland
cement (180kg).

Air entrained Shape will be uniform

3. Air entrained 1 to 2% of air is entrained in the cement
Cement to resist freezing and thawing Air entrapped Shape will not be uniform

4. High Alumina High alumina (C3A compound) in the ordinary cement Use for Runway & Pavements Not recommended & cannot
Cement use it for long-term purposes.

5. Blended Cement Combination of ordinary cement and Supplementary cementious materials (SCM) (SCM): Fly ash, Slag cement,
(ASTM) (Very similar to Pozzoland cement) Silica fume, Rice husk ash, etc.

6. Hydraulic cement Cement that can solidify under water.

7. Mixed cement This cheap cement is used for masonry, plastering and brick laying. (Commonly used in developing countries)
(Cannot use for columns)

8. Composite cement Will be explained in next chapter. (Commonly used in Europe countries.)

Production of cement
C3A Strength
Clinker
Lime stone + Other Heating up to (Used for grinding C2S Later Strength
materials (such as clay, rock-like substances
1450 °C +Gypsum
shale ) to produce fine
(To control reaction) C3S Early Strength
cement)
C4AF

*To reduce heat Add Fly ash (30-40%)

*We can also modify the properties of cement by controlling the type of admixtures we add.
*Different cement will give you different properties even for the same type, because source materials differ day to day.

Hydration Process Reaction of cement with water

Curing To prevent loss of moisture (Cover by blanket or plastic) This can last 28–9 Days.
To provide moisture (Put blanket around and let it wet)
Heating /Steam curing (Provide heat and moisture at the same time to gain early strength)