9

Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Week 4
Proportion

Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines

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 WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
Mathematics 9 Quarter 3 Week 4

PROPORTION

Name:_______________________________ Section:______________

Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC)

1. Describes a proportion. Code: M9GE-IIIf-1

2. Applies the fundamental theorems of proportionality to solve problems involving
proportions. Code: M9GE-IIIf-2

Learning Objectives

1. Defines and illustrates a proportion and its properties.

2. Applies the fundamental rule of proportion to determine the unknown quantity in
a proportion. *defines and illustrates a scale factor.
3. Illustrates and applies the Triangle Proportionality Theorem in solving problems
involving proportions.
4. Illustrates and applies the Triangle Angle Bisector Theorem in solving problems
involving proportions.
Time Allotment: Week 5(March 29-April 2, 2021)
Mathematics 9 Learner’s Material, pp. 357-380

Key Concepts

1. Ratio – is a comparison of two numbers. The ratio of two numbers a and b where b is
𝑎
not equal to zero can be written in three ways: a:b, 𝑏 , and a to b.
2. Proportion - is a statement of equality between two ratios. In the proportion a: b = c:d or
a c
= , a, b, c, and d are called the terms of the proportion. In a proportion, the
b d
product of the extremes is equal to the product of the means. In the proportion a:
b = c:d , the extremes are a and d and the means are b and c, hence, ad = bc.

Activities

General Directions: Work on activities that follow. Do it on separate sheets of papers.

Activity 1. Proportion

Materials: A sheet of paper, WLAS/Learners Manual, ballpen

Directions: In this activity, you have to work on set A and set B.

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 Direction:
A. Determine whether each pair of ratios forms a proportion.
4 6 4 8
Example 1.) , Example 2.) ,
5 8 7 14

Solution: A proportion is an equality of two Solution: A proportion is an equality of two

ratios ratios

4 6 4 8
= 4:5 = 6:8 = 4:7 = 8:14
5 8 7 14
The product of the means is equal to the The product of the means is equal to the
product of the extremes. product of the extremes.
5(6) = 4(8) 7(8) = 4(14)
30 = 32 This is a false statement 56 = 56 This is a true statement
Hence the two ratios do not form a proportion. Hence the two ratios form a proportion.

2 5
1) ,
4 10

4 2
2) ,
6 3

3 6
3) ,
5 10

1 2
4) ,
5 7

5 3
5) ,
7 4

Direction:
B. Fill in the table the right equations and solutions using the properties of
proportions indicated in the box below.

Fundamental Rule of Proportion

𝑤 𝑦
If 𝑤: 𝑥 = 𝑦: 𝑧, then = provided that 𝑥 ≠ 0; 𝑧 ≠ 0.
𝑥 𝑧
Property of Proportion
𝑤 𝑦
Close- Multiplication If = , then 𝑤𝑧 = 𝑥𝑦; 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑧 ≠ 0
𝑥 𝑧
Property
𝑤 𝑦 𝑤 𝑥
Alternation Property If = , then = 𝑧 ; 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑦 ≠ 0, 𝑧 ≠ 0
𝑥 𝑧 𝑦
𝑤 𝑦 𝑥 𝑧
Inverse Property If = 𝑧 , then 𝑤 = 𝑤; 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑤 ≠ 0, 𝑧 ≠ 0
𝑥
Addition Property 𝑤 𝑦 𝑤+𝑥 𝑦+𝑧
If = 𝑧 , then = ; 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑧 ≠ 0
𝑥 𝑥 𝑧
𝑤 𝑦 𝑤−𝑥 𝑦−𝑧
Subtraction Property If = 𝑧 , then = ; 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑧 ≠ 0
𝑥 𝑥 𝑧
Inverse Property 𝑢 𝑤 𝑦 𝑢 𝑤 𝑦 𝑢+𝑤+𝑦
If = = , then = = = = 𝑘;
𝑣 𝑥 𝑧 𝑣 𝑥 𝑧 𝑣+𝑥+𝑧
where 𝑘 is a constant at proportionality and 𝑣 ≠ 0, 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑧 ≠ 0.
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 Use cross-multiplication property to verify
Properties of Proportion Equation that ratios are equal. Simplify if
necessary. One is done for you.
Original Proportion 𝑦 𝑎 4𝑦 = 3𝑎
=
3 4
Alteration Property ? ?

Inverse Property ? 3𝑎 = 4𝑦 or 4𝑦 = 3𝑎
Addition Property 4(𝑦 + 3) = 3(𝑎 + 4)
? 4𝑦 − 12 = 3𝑎 + 12
4𝑦 = 3𝑎
Subtraction Property 𝑦−3 𝑎−4 ?
=
3 4

Activity 2. Solving Problems Involving Proportion

Materials: A sheet of paper, WLAS/Learners Manual, ballpen

Directions: Study the examples on how to determine indicated quantities from a

given proportion. Then, solve the items labeled as Your Task.
Examples Your Task
𝑦
1. If 𝑚: 𝑛 = 4: 3, find 3𝑚 − 2𝑛: 3𝑚 + 𝑛 Find 𝑠 if
Solution: 5𝑦 − 2𝑠: 10 = 3𝑦 − 𝑠: 7
𝑚 4 4𝑛
= →𝑚=
𝑛 3 3

4𝑛
Using 𝑚 = 3
4𝑛
4𝑚 − 2𝑛 3 ( 3 ) − 2𝑛 4𝑛 − 2𝑛 2𝑛 2
= = = =
3𝑚 + 𝑛 4𝑛 4𝑛 + 𝑛 5𝑛 5
3( 3 )+ 𝑛
Therefore,
3𝑚 − 2𝑛: 3𝑚 + 𝑛 = 2: 5

2. If 𝑒 and 𝑏 represent two non-zero Solve for the ratio 𝑢: 𝑣 if

numbers, find the ratio 𝑒: 𝑏 if 𝑢2 + 3𝑢𝑣 − 10𝑣 2 = 0.
2𝑒 2 + 𝑒𝑏 − 3𝑏 2 = 0
Solution:
2𝑒 2 + 𝑒𝑏 − 3𝑏 2 = 0

(2𝑒 + 3𝑏)(𝑒 − 𝑏) = 0
2𝑒 + 3𝑏 = 0 or 𝑒 − 𝑏 = 0
2𝑒 = −3𝑏 𝑒=𝑏

2𝑒 −3𝑏 𝑒 1
= =
2𝑏 2𝑏 𝑏 1
𝑒 −3
=
𝑏 2
Hence, 𝑒: 𝑏 = −3: 2 or 1: 1

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 Activity 3. Solve Problems Involving Proportions by Applying Triangle Proportionality
Theorem and Triangle Angle Bisector Theorem

Materials: A sheet of paper, WLAS/Learners Manual, ballpen

Directions:
A. Solve for the unknown side applying the Triangle Proportionality Theorem.
Carefully examine the example below. Note that the figures are not drawn to scale.

Triangle Proportionality Theorem

If a line parallel to one side of a triangle intersects the other two sides, then it divides
those sides proportionally.

Illustration: If DL||KM, then AD ‗ AL

AK AM

Example: Solution: Solving for 𝑟

𝑟 9
= 15𝑟 = 9(20)
20 15
9(20) 180
𝑟= =
15 15
𝑟 = 12

Solving for s
𝑠 = 20 − 𝑟 = 20 − 12
𝑠=8

1) 2)

Directions:
B. Solve for the unknown side applying the Triangle Angle-Bisector Theorem.
Carefully examine the example below. Note that the figures are not drawn to scale.
Triangle Proportionality Theorem
If a line parallel to one side of a triangle intersects the other two sides, then it divides
those sides proportionally.

𝐷𝐴 𝐴𝐻
If HD bisects ∠AHE, then = .
𝐷𝐸 𝐸𝐻

Notice that sides on the numerators are adjacent. The

same is true with the denominators.

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 Example. Solution:
25 𝑠
=
15 18

15𝑠 = 25(18)

25(18) 450
𝑠= =
15 15

𝑠 = 30

1. 2.

Reflections

1. How did you find the activities?

2. What are the values that you have learned from them?
3. Which part of the lesson that you have found it interesting?
4. Which part of the lesson that you have found it difficult?

References for learners

Mathematics 9 Learners Materials pp. 357-380

Project EASE (Effective Alternative Secondary Education) Mathematics III, Bureau of
Secondary Education, Department of Education, DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue, Pasig
City – Module 1 Similarity

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email address: juvyrose.tima@deped.gov.ph
District: Las Nives II
Division: Agusan del Norte
Reviewed by: MERLE S. PACATANG, Ph. D., Dona Rosario National High School
Written by: JUVY ROSE C. TIMA, Maningalao National High School
Activity 1. Proportion
A. 1. Proportion; 2. Proportion; 3. Proportion; 4. Not Proportion 5. Not Proportion
𝑦 3 3 4 𝑦+3 𝑎+4
B. 1. = 2. 4𝑦 = 3𝑎 3. = 4. = 5. 4(𝑦 − 3) = 3(𝑎 − 4)
𝑎 4 𝑦 𝑎 3 4
4𝑦 − 12 = 3𝑎 − 12
4𝑦 = 3𝑎
Activity 2. Solving Problems Involving Proportion
5𝑦−2𝑠 3𝑦−𝑠
1. Solution: 5y – 2s: 10 = 3y -s : 7 → 10
= 7
→ 7(5y-2s) = 10(3y-s) → 35y-14s = 30y-10s
𝒚 𝟓
35y – 30 y = -10s +14 s → 5y = 4s →
𝒔
=𝟒.
2. Solution: 𝑢2 + 3𝑢𝑣 − 10𝑣 2 = 0 → (𝑢 + 5𝑣)(𝑢 − 2𝑣) = 0
𝑢 + 5𝑣 = 0 and 𝑢 − 2𝑣 = 0
𝑢 = −5𝑣 𝑢 = 2𝑣
𝑢 −5 𝑢 2
𝑣
= 1 𝑣
=1
Hence, 𝑢: 𝑣 = −5: 1 𝑜𝑟 2: 1
Activity 3. Solve Problems Involving Proportions by Applying Triangle Proportionality Theorem and
Triangle Angle Bisector Theorem
12 9 𝑟 9
A. 1.) Solving for s: = Solving for r: 8
= 12
12+𝑠 12
12 3
= 12𝑟 = 9(8)
12+𝑠 4
12(4)
= 12 + 𝑠 12𝑟 = 72
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𝟕𝟐
16 = 12 − 𝑠 𝒓=
𝟏𝟐
𝒔=𝟒
𝑦 6 8 𝑦 6 𝟏𝟏 𝟔 𝟖
2.) Solution: 11
= 12 = 𝑟−8 ; 11
= 12 → 𝒚 = 𝟐
; 𝟏𝟐
= 𝒓−𝟖 → r=24
𝑠 6 14−𝑠 15
B. 1.) Solution: = → 9𝑠 = 6(10 − 𝑠) 2.) Solution: 𝑠
= 10 → 140 − 10𝑠 = 15𝑠
10−𝑠 9
9𝑠 = 60 − 6𝑠 140 = 15s + 10s
9𝑠 + 6𝑠 = 60 140 = 25𝑠
140
15𝑠 = 60 =𝑠 25
𝒔=𝟒 140 28 3
𝑠= 8
or 5
or 5 5 .
ANSWER KEY