ADDIS ABABA SCINCE & TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY 2009E.

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GEOMETRIC ANALYSIS

A B Based on the height of car I can take

that the length of each bar and also angle

of inclination.

C The length of bar AB is almost half of

the width of a car.so I am measure the

width of a car and put the approximate

value of length bar AB.

D i.e AB=1m.

And the length of bar BC & CD is based on the height of the car.I am

measure the height of a car and put the approximate value of bar BC&CD.

The height of bar BC=1m & CD=1m.

Now I am going to calculate the angle of inclination of bar BC & CD.

Where:- θ is angle of inclination of bar BC & CD.

-p is the pressure of water released from compressor i.e 5.2kpa.

- pH the horizontal pressure.

- L is the length

θ(0) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
PH(Kpa) 0 5.18 5.12 5.02 4.89 4.71 4.50 4.26 3.98
PH=Pcos θ , PH=5.2cos 0=0

= 5.2cos 5=5.18

= 5.2cos 10=5.12

= 5.2cos 15 =5.02

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L(cm) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
P(kpa 5.2 5.19 5.19 5.18 5.18 5.17 5.17 5.16 5.16
L )
When the length is increase
the pressure is slightly decreased.

Based on the above two charts I can conclude as follows.

When I am taking smaller value of θ & L the pressure is high but it does not wash the inside and
top of car body well.

When I am taking a larger value of θ & L the pressure of water is low results washing quality is
decreased.

Based on the above data and in order to wash a high quality the appropriate position of the bar is
at θ=150 & L=5cm.

Why I am selected the inverted L shape metal bar because of the shape of the car is suitable to
this shape and in order to wash the top and bottom part well.

Next I am going to decide the diameter of the bar. Select the appropriate or correct diameter of a
bar is very important because it play a major role in increasing and decreasing of the
power/pressure of water.

D(cm) 5 10 15 20 25
P(kpa) 1.02 0.25 0.11 0.06 0.04

F
P= , By fixing the value of F is 20KN I can find the value of P.
A

20 KN
P= πd 2 By using this formula substitute and fill the above table.
( )
4

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●When diameter increase & pressure is decreased , based on this fact any one can take 5mm is
the diameter of a bar but it is not correct because of its thinness it does not pass enough amount
of water.

●The appropriate diameter is 10cm when we take above this the pressure is low.

THE THICNESS OF THE BAR

I am going to express the amount of water inter & resist the pressure of water in terms of
percentage .

t(mm 1 2 3 4 5
)
V(%) 100 98 96 94 92
pR(%) 92 94 96 98 100

Where:-t is the thickness of the bar.

-V the amount of water intered.

- pR the amount of resistance pressure.

From the above chart the amount of water inter & the amount of resistance pressure is good at a

thickness of 3mm. i.e t=3mm

GEOMETRIC ANALYSIS FOR SCREW

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ADDIS ABABA SCINCE & TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY 2009E.
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L=3m

Design of L shape metal bar .

A B This metal bar is used to receive pressurized water from

Compressor and spray to the car. The pressurized water is

C directly hit the body of the car & used to remove dust

particles from it.

In order to simplify our design it can be divided into three

D parts.i.e . AB , BC & CD.

Lets start our design from bar AB.

FR FW

FH where - FW is force of water spray from compressor.

A B - FR is vertical reaction force .

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ADDIS ABABA SCINCE & TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY 2009E.
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W - FH is horizontal reaction force.

- W is weight of the bar.

DESIGN CONSIDERATION

 Material selection = cast iron.

 Permissible shear stress of cast iron (τ) = 35 N/mm².
 Permissible compressive stress of cast iron (σC) = 120 N/mm².
 Permissible pressure of water (PW=5.2KN).or take any value b/n 5&6kN
 Permissible mass of cast iron is 1.2kg.
 Permissible length AB is 1m.
 Permissible d0=10cm di=7cm.

From the pressure of water let us calculate the force of of water

F
P= . F=PA , A=πd2/4 , Lets take the pressure of water is b/n 5KN & 6KN.
A

=π(702)/4 i.e P=5.2 KN Then FW=5.2KN*3.85m2

=3.85m2 =20KN

Free body diagram:-

FR FW

A P FH B

A free body diagram for the bar is shown above. The reactions shown on the diagram

are determined from equilibrium equation as follows:-

∑ Fx=O & ∑ Fy=O

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∑ Fx=0; FH=0,

∑ Fy=0 ; FR-FW-W=0

FR – 20KN-(1.2)(10)N

FR=(20+0.012)KN

FR=20.012KN

After determining the loads applied on the bar we can find and draw the

bending moment and shear force diagram of the beam.

In order to calculate the bending moment and shear force we can take the above

forces . ∑ MA =0 & ∑ MB=0

The bending moment at p can be calculated as follows:-

Mp=0.012KN*500mm

=60Nm

FR FW

A P B

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Figure : Shear force and bending diagram of bar AB.

Now the moment of inertia of the section about the central or natural axis given

by i.e. the section the bar is circular hole.

π
I= (do 4−di 4) where:- do=10cm & di=7cm
64

π
I= (1004-704)mm4
64

=3.73 mm4

Now by using the relation

M σ M
= , σ= Y
I Y I

60 Nm
= 0.2m = 32.2 N/mm
3.73∗106 mm 4

But we have to calculate the allowable stress in order to know the design is safe or not. The
allowable stress is given by

σy 120 N /mm 2
σall= = =60 N /mm 2
f .s 2

So that the allowable stress (σall) is greater than the normal stress ( σ) therefore

the design is safe

Next design bar BC

FW

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θ

W θ

All design conciderations are the same to the above bar

except its length L=15m, θ=150 , mass=1.5kg

Free body diagram:- FR FW

FW Resolve the above forces in to x &y FW FWY= 19.3KN &FWX=5.2KN

FR FRY=19.3KN&FRX=5.2KN

W WY= 11.6N &WX=3N

After determining the loads applied on the bar we can find and draw the

bending moment and shear force diagram of the beam.

In order to calculate the bending moment and shear force we can take the above

Forces.

. ∑ MA =0 & ∑ MB=0
The bending moment at K can be calculated as follows:-

Mk =11.6KN*7.5mm

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ADDIS ABABA SCINCE & TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY 2009E.
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FR FW =87Nm

11.6Nm

87Nm

Figure 1: Shear force and bending diagram of bar BC.

Now the moment of inertia of the section about the central or natural axis given

by i.e. the section the bar is circular hole.

π
I= (do 4−di 4) where:- do=10cm & di=7cm
64

π
I= (1004-704)mm4
64

=3.73 mm4

Now by using the relation

M σ M
= , σ= Y
I Y I

87 Nm
= *106mm4*0.2=46.6 N/mm
3.73

But we have to calculate the allowable stress in order to know the design is safe or not. The
allowable stress is given by
BY ABEBAW MENGISTU
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ADDIS ABABA SCINCE & TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY 2009E.
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σy 120 N /mm 2
σall= = =60 N /mm 2
f .s 2

So that the allowable stress (σall) is greater than the normal stress ( σ) therefore

design is safe.

The design of bar CD is almost the same to bar BC so

I am conclude that repeat every thing to CD.

DESIGN OF CONNECTING ROD

Rotating mechanism and handling

These Rod is the most important part of car washing machine. It is used to connect the L shape
metal bare and the tip of compressor. It consists of rotating mechanism .The compressor is
released a pressurized fluid to it, and this rod resist the pressure and transmit with out any lost to
the L shape metal bar. Rotating mechanism is located into the head of the rod . On the bottom of
L shape metal bar there is a handling part .by handling at the bottom the L shape bar can freely
rotate and adjusted.

On the bottom there is a special hole, or multiple holes, for locking the mounting plate with
from rotating. This way you can rotate the L shape metal bar to a position you need and lock it
there with a locking pin. Some machines have a special gear box instead of turning handle.
Turning heavier machines may be difficult and requires a lot of strength. This special gear box
makes machine rotation a lot easier. But this car car washing machine is not need a high force to
rotate so simply rotate manually. As shown in the figure below so many internal and external
forces are applied on it.

FW where:-FW is force of water

† W is weight of rod.

W WB is weight of L shape metal bar

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ADDIS ABABA SCINCE & TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY 2009E.
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WB

DESIGN CONCIDERATION
 Material type stainless steel
 Permissible shear stress of cast iron (τ) = 35 N/mm².
 Permissible compressive stress of cast iron (σC) = 150N/mm².
 Permissible force of water (FW=20KN).
 Permissible mass of mild steel is 1.5kg.
 Permissible length AB is 0.5m.

The head plate of the engine stand is made up of stainless steel. So that the tensile stress (σt=520)
and compressive stress (σy=210).

Let’s,

Take factor of safety, n=2.5

Now we can calculate allowable stress (σall)

σy 520 N /mm 2
σall= = =208N/mm2
n 2.5

After calculating the allowable stress we can find the diameter of the holes by using the relation

F
σall=
A

Note: F is the maximum load given by F=mg = 1.5kg x 9.81 m/s² = 14.7KN.

F F
There fore; σall= A=
A σll

πd 2 F 4∗14.7 KN
= , d2 =4F/π σall = , d=82mm.
4 σall 3.14∗208 N / mm2

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To check whether the design is safe or not, we must calculate the maximum stress (σmax),

given by

F 4∗F 4∗14.7 KN
σmax= = = = 200N/mm2
A πd 2 π ( 82 mm ) 2

Therefore; the allowable stress is greater than the maximum stress (σall> σmax) , the above
design is safe.

DESIGN OF POWER SCREW

The power screws are used to convert rotary motion into translatory motion. In most of the
power screws, the nut has axial motion against the resisting axial force while the screw rotates
inits bearings. In some screws, the screw rotates and moves axially against the resisting force
while the nut is stationary and in others the nut rotates while the screw moves axially with no
rotation.

There are three types of power screw.These are square tread,Acme or trapezoidal tread and
Buttress tread.But I am select square thread because of it is adapted for the transmission of
power in either direction and results maximum efficiency and minimum radial pressure on the
nut.

DESIGN CONSIDERATION

 Material selection = mild steel

 Permissible shear stress of mild steed (τ) = 224 N/mm²
 Permissible bending stress of mild steel (σb) = 448 N/mm²

The screw is loaded and supported as shown in the figure.

A C B

RA RB

Figure : screw simple beam-Concentrated load at center.

The concentrated load P is the sum of the weight of L shape metal bar, the weight of screw
itself , the weight of the nut & weight of water.

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ADDIS ABABA SCINCE & TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY 2009E.
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P= weight of L shape metal bar + the weight of screw + weight of the nut + weight of water

P=35.3N+30KN+18N+20KN=50.053KN

Free body diagram:- P

RA RB

Figure 10: Free body diagram of screw.

A free body diagram for the screw is shown. The reactions shown on the diagram are determined
from equilibrium equation as follows:-

∑ Fy=0 , ∑ Fy=¿ ¿R +R A B

RA+RB=P=50.053KN

RA=50.053KN-RB

The two loads are equal and opposite direction from the center load therefore they are equal in
dimension because of they are applied in equal distance from the center load so that

RA = 25.027 KN

RB = 25.027KN

After determining the loads applied on the screw we can find and draw the bending moment and
shear force diagram of the beam.

In order to calculate the bending moment and shear force we can take the reactions

∑M @A =0 ∑M @B =0

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ADDIS ABABA SCINCE & TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY 2009E.
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The bending moment at C can be calculated by

MC=RA*AC

=27.027KN*1500mm

=40540.5KN

50.053KN 50.053KN

A C B

27.027KN 27.027KN 27.027KN

27KN 4050.5Nm

-27KN

Figure : Shear force and bending diagram of screw

Now I am going to calculate the core diameter of screw (dc).

F
σ cy= where:-σcy is yield stress
A

F total force acting on screw

A area of screw

F F 50.053 kN
σ cy=
πd 2/4
, dc =
√ 4 π∗σcy
=
√ 4 π∗448 MPa
which gives dc ≈ 75mm

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ADDIS ABABA SCINCE & TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY 2009E.
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From the chart of normal series square threads in table-17.3 in kurmi text book of machine
design the nearest standard nominal diameter of 70 mm is chosen, with pitch p = 10 mm.

Therefore, core diameter dc = 60 mm , Major diameter dmaj = 70mm , Mean diameter dm = 65

mm , Nominal diameter dn = 70mm.

The torque required to raise the load is given by

Fdm l+ πdm
T= ( ¿
2 πdm−µl

Where l = np, n being the number of starts. Here we have a single start screw and hence l = p
=10mm, dm = 65mm, F = 50.053kN

Taking a safe value of μ for this purpose to be 0.26 and substituting the values we get

T = 540 Nm.

Check for combined stress

The screw is subjected to a direct bending stress σb and a torsional shear stress τ. The stresses are
given by:-

M
Bending σb= *y , I=π/64(dc4)= π/64(604)=63.58cm4
I

40540.5 KN
= ∗.2
635850 mm 4

=12.75MPa

But we have to calculate the allowable stress in order to know the design is safe or not. The
allowable stress is given by

σall= σy/Fs=448MPa/2 =224MPa

So that the allowable stress is greater than the normal stress therefore the design is safe

Shear stress

16 T 16∗540 Nm
τ= = = 10.7MPa
πdc 3 π ( 60 mm ) 3

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ADDIS ABABA SCINCE & TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY 2009E.
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But we have to calculate the allowable shear stress in order to know the design is safe or not. The
allowable shear stress is given by

τ all= τy /Fs = 224/2 = 112MPa So that the allowableshear stress is greater than the normal
shear stress therefore the design is safe.

DESIGN FOR NUT

A suitable material for the nut is phosphor bronze which is a Cu-Zn alloy with small percentage
of Pb and the yield stresses may be taken as

Yield stress in tension σty = 125MPa

Yield stress in compression σcy = 150MPa

Yield stress in shear τy = 105MPa

Safe bearing pressure Pb = 15MPa.

Considering that the load is shared equally by all threads bearing failure may be avoided if

π
F=n (dmaj2-dc2) σc
4

This gives σc = 12.24 MPa which is adequately safe since σcy = 150 MPa and therefore crushing
is not expected. To avoid shearing of the threads on the nut we may write F = πdmaj* t* n*τ
where t is the thread thickness which for the square thread is p/2 ie 5. This gives τ =11.37 MPa
and since τy= 105MPa shear failure of teeth is not expected.

DESIGN OF SHAMPOO CYLINDER

A shampoo cylinder is /tube/ is used to store shampoo and when it is open spray to the car in the
form of foam.it is simply buy from a market .which its material type is plastic,its length is equal
to the sum of the length of screw and motor i.e 3.5m , its diameter is 6cm and its thickness is
5mm.

DESIGN OF SUPPORTERS OF SCREW

The screw is supported both in the left and right .The two supporters are the same in shape and
material type, the only difference is their dimension. The shape is look like this:-

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The left supporter dimension is based on the dimension of the screw with

including free movable allowance dimension and the right supporter is

based on the dimension of motor. The shape of the supporter is made an

arc at the top and bottom in order to avoid slippery of the screw.and its

material type is pure iron because of having higher strength.

DESIGN OF

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