Cat 2-3

CAT II / III MTCE OPS TRAINING
Airworthiness procedures for

CAT II / III Operations
RAUL GONZALEZ M. (Rev 03 Eng)

Mar 2014
CONTENIDO
INTRODUCTION
ILS GROUND EQUIPMENT
ILS ON BOARD EQUIPMENT
APPROACH CATEGORIES
APPROACH METHODS
MTCE PROGRAM
TAGS & INDICATORS
INSTALLED EQUIPMENT . INITIAL AND CURRENT
RAMP TEST SETS
2
The problem
Under CAVOK condition (Ceiling However under reduced visibility

and Visibility OK ) landing does not conditions landing the aircraft has
suppose a serious difficulty additional dificulties
3
Adverse Weather = Poor or nil visibility
•Where on earth is the runway?

What is the visibiltiy range
•How to align to its centerline?
along the runway in order to
•How to glide down to the
keep the airplane on it ?
contact zone?
VISIBILITY RANGE ?
4
Adverse Weather = Poor or nil visibility
Another cue showing how to

A sort of guidance showing
descend to the touch down
where is the runway
zone on the runway is also
centerline is required
needed.
5
ILS
Instrument Landing System
Instruments Landing System allows the pilot to follow a guidance

information - depicted by means of cursors or command bars on
the EADI o PFD - derived from signals transmitted from airport
based ground equipment.
6
ILS : Ground based equipment
7
Lateral Position
8
Lateral Position
B
A
700 Ft
C
Lateral deviation information is presented in the EADI/PFD
(see cursors within the oval )
9
Vertical Position
RUNWAY
GLIDE SLOPE TRANSMITTER
10
Vertical Position
C
A
B
Vertical deviation information is also presented in the EADI/PFD

(see cursors within the oval )
11
Distance to runway threshold and altitude checks
Marker beacons give pilots a means to determine position

along the established approach path to the runway
12
ILS : ON BOARD EQUIPMENT
13
ILS : ON BOARD EQUIPMENT
FUNCTION SYSTEM
Guidance VOR-ILS / MMR
Control AFCS / AFS
Stability IRS / ADIRU / AHRU
Height RADIOALTIMETERS
Thrust AUTOTHROTTLE
Braking AUTOBRAKE
Electrical Power AC + DC multiple redundant
Hydraulic Power Engine driven + AC driven +Ram Air

driven pumps for multiple redundancy
Rain and Ice removal Windshield wipers + window heat
Warnings and alerts Warning System
14
AFCS / AFS / AFDS
A system which includes all equipment to control automatically the flight of an aircraft
to a path or attitude described by references internal and external to the aircraft . It
encompasses Auto Pilot, Flight Director and Auto Throttle.
1. Takeoff (flight director only) 5. Approach

2. Climb 6. Autoland
3. Cruise 7. Roll out
4. Descent 8. Go-around
AFCS PHASES OF OPERATION

15
GUIDANCE AND AIRCRAFT CONTROL
Ground signals sent from LOC, GS and MB

transmitters are received by the on board
ILS or Multi Mode Receivers and presented
to the pilot in the EADI or PFD so he/she can
either steer the airplane in a manual fashion
via control wheel or he /she can engage the
autopilots and perform a coupled approach
and landing via AFCS without his/hers
intervention
16
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM
17
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM
18
CAT
CATIIII/ III
/ IIIMTCE
MTCEOPS
OPSTRAINING
TRAINING
B-787 Autopilot Flight Control System
MCP
HUD
AP , AT & TOGA SWITCHES
19
AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL
An Auto Pilot associated to a Flight Director System is capable of controlling an

aircraft around six degrees of freedom :
• Three of them are around the pitch, roll and yaw axis. This is known as inner loop
control.
• The remaining three pertain to the displacement of the aircraft on the vertical,
horizontal and longitudinal axis. These are part of the outer loop control.
20
AFCS / AFS CONTROL : INNER LOOP AND OUTER LOOP
Inner loop data derived from the Inertial Reference Outer loop data is used to correct or guide the
System (IRS) is used for Autopilot stabilization aircraft in the vertical or lateral planes. Outer loop
purposes. The signals are : data is from the following units:
a) Pitch and pitch rate a) Air Data Computer (ADC)
b) Roll and roll rate b) Flight Management Computer (FMC)
c) Acceleration control during approach. c) Instrument Landing System/Multi-Mode
Receiver (ILS/MMR)
21
SYSTEM REDUNDANCY
An autoland system is flight critical and therefore has to be fail

operational.
To be fail operational a large degree of redundancy is required
If a failure occurs, the sufficient redundancy in the system allows the

continuation of the operation in automatic mode.
The other parts of the autopilot are mostly fail-passive, which means that
if a failure occurs, control is given back to the pilots.
22
DEFINITIONS
CATEGORY : A procedure for approach and landing performed relying on ILS

signals within specified values of minimum visibility (RVR) and height above terrain
(DH) as defined by ICAO/DGAC /FAA/EASA
Categories are dependent upon the required visibility level and the degree to which
the landing can be conducted automatically without input by the pilot.
23
DEFINITIONS
RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (RVR) : Maximum distance in the direction of take-off

or landing at which the runway or the specified lights or markers delineating it can
be seen from a position above a specified point on the centre line at a height
corresponding to the average eye-level of pilots at touch down.
RVR is measured by devices called transmissometers which are installed at one side
of a runway
DECISION HEIGHT (DH) : A height above the highest elevation in the touchdown
zone, specified for a glide slope approach, at which a missed-approach procedure
(go-around) must be initiated if the required visual reference has not been
established.
DH is used during “fail passive” Cat III operations. (AC 120-28 § 6.1.4.)
24
DEFINITIONS
DECISION HEIGHT is confirmed

on board the aircraft by means of
radioaltimeters
RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE is

measured on ground by
means of transmissometers
25
DEFINITIONS
Alert Height (AH) : Height of 100 feet or less above the touch down zone (TDZ) elevation
at which a missed-approach procedure (go-around) must be initiated
during a Cat IIIB approach in case of a failure on a significant system
on board or of the airport guidance equipments.
AH is used during “fail operational” Cat III procedures. (AC 120-28 §

6.1.4.)
Fail Passive : An Automatic Flight Control System which, in the event of a failure,
causes no significant deviation of aircraft flight path or attitude. It is
usually a dual-channel system.
Fail Operational : An AFCS capable of completing the specified phases of the final
approach and landing operation even after the failure of any single
system component past the Alert Height point . It is usually a triple-
channel system or dual-dual system.
26
DEFINITIONS
Roll Out
Approach Landing (Carrera de
(Aproximación) ( Aterrizaje) frenado )
App Ldg Roll Out

(acft is still airborrne)
DH
App: From approach fix until reaching DH

Ldg: From DH crossing until first contact of wheels on runway
Roll Out : From first contact of wheels on runway until the end of deceleration and braking (aprx 20-30
knots ) 27
DEFINITIONS
CATEGORY: An approach and landing procedure supported by instruments

and automatic flight control in conformity with ICAO definition .
28
DEFINITIONS
Upon reaching the specified minima elevation above terrain or

Decission Height (DH) a go around must be initiated if no visual
contact with runway references have been established.
29
DEFINITIONS
Runway Visual Range (RVR) is the range over which a pilot of an aircraft on the
centreline of the runway can see the runway surface markings or the lights
delineating the runway or identifying its centreline (ICAO).
30
DEFINITIONS
Alert Height (AH) :
height above the runway, based on the characteristics of the airplane and its fail-operational
automatic landing system, above which a Category III approach would be discontinued and a missed
approach initiated if a failure occurred in one of the redundant parts of the automatic landing system,
or in the relevant ground equipment (ICAO).
This AH is manadatory for operations conducted under the Cat IIIB mínima.. (AC 120-28 § 6.1.4.)
AH para B-767 y B-777:

100 pies max sobre TDZ (Config Fail Operational, Indicación en ASA LAND 3, Proced CAT IIIB)
31
DEFINITIONS
CAT I
RVR : 800 M (550 )
DH : 200 FT
Approach and landing procedure with decision height not lower than 60m
(200ft) and a runway visual range not less than 800 m ( 2400ft) or not
less than 550 m (1500ft) if airport is equiped with Apprach Lighting
System Flashing
32
DEFINITIONS
A category II approach is a precision instrument approach and landing with

decision height lower than 60m (200ft) but not less than 30m (100ft), and a runway
visual range not less than 350m (1200ft).
33
DEFINITIONS
A category III A approach is a precision instrument approach and landing with

no decision height or a decision height lower than 100ft (30m) and a runway
visual range not less than 700ft (200m).
34
DEFINITIONS
Cat
CAT III B
IIIB
B-767 / B-777
A category III B approach is a precision approach and landing with no decision height or a
decision height lower than 50ft (15m) and a runway visual range less than 700ft (200m)
but not less than 300ft (100m). NOTE: This RVR value is a LAN Airlines safety margin).
-
35
APPROACH METHODS
Based on Loc/GS Bar Deviation Indications (raw data approach).

Manual Approach
Guided by Flight Directors (command bars )
Auto Approach (using the A/P down to DH, then landing is manual)
Automatic Approach
Auto Land (approach and landing fully automatic down to Roll-Out)
36
REQUIREMENTS FOR INSTRUMENTS APPROACHES
- Airport radio aids

- Aircraft Configuration,
- Flight crew procedures &
- Airworthy aircraft
37
LAN AIRPLANES ARE CERTIFICATED FOR CAT III B

LAN AIRPLANES ARE CERTIFICATED FOR CAT III B
Certificación del avión B787 para CAT II / III
Certificación del avión B777F para CAT II / III

Manuales CAT II / III de LAN Airlines y LAN Cargo
B-767 (CC) B-787 (CC) B-777 (N)
40
Manuales CAT II / III de LAN Airlines y LAN Express
A-340 A-320 Fam

41
PROGRAMA DE MANTENIMIENTO
• All LAN airplanes shall be kept meeting the airworthiness requirements for
CAT IIIB operations. This will ensure clarity for procedures compliance and
also provide for all CAT levels of operations.
• Any action that has an impact on the acft Category certification must be
entered in the Mtce Flight Log Book whether it is for downgrading or
upgrading purposes.
• The reinstatement to upper level rating, i.e. CAT IIIB can only be performed
by duly authorized staff (SCL: Avionics inspectors and qualified technicians).
42
MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS
Besides those inspections established in the Operators

maintenance program there are no tests to be carried out on
the AFDS / AFS during Transit/Daily checks. This since at
aircraft power up the system initiates an internal test cycle
whose result is shown in the Autoland Status Annunciator
(ASA) for B767. On B 777 it is shown in the PFD´s Flight
Mode Anunciator , FMA
43
For B 767 there are three items in the specified periodic maintenance program
has proposed by MPD and these three items are verified during the C checks:
44
B 777 MPD items part of Lan Cargo

Maintenance Inspection Program (MIP) :
COMPLIANCE
MPD ITEM JOB CARD AMM ref TASK

22-010-00 22-010-00-01 22-11-00-730 Functionally check BACKDRIVE ACTUATORS (CONTROL Yearly
COLUMN, CONTROL WHEEL, and RUDDER PEDAL) of
Autopilot Flight Director System. (Perform systems test
from Maintenance Access Terminal.)
22-020-00 22-020-00-01 22-11-00-710 Operationally check AUTOPILOT DISENGAGE BAR on Check A2

Mode Control Panel (MCP).
22-030-00 22-030-00-01 22-11-00-710 Operationally check the AUTOPILOT DISCONNECT Check A2

SWITCHES on Control Columns.
22-040-00 22-040-00-01 22-11-00-710 Operationally check the condition of the individual Check A2
contacts for the TO/GA SWITCHES on the thrust levers.
45
B-787
46
A-340
47
48
DOWNGRADING AIRCRAFT CAT LEVEL
49
AIRCRAFT RELEASE UNDER MEL RELIEF
Airplanes approved for CAT II / III operations may be released to

service with failed CAT significant items only if:
• those items are among the MEL listing and
• CAT Appendix / Annex is consulted to find out at what level the
aircraft must be downgraded to.
50
Boeing 767 MEL

1
CAT
SIGNIFICANT
SEE CAT APPENDIX (IN MEL

SECTION 0) FOR OPERATIONAL
CAT STATUS
1. Determine N° MEL de item/sistema afectado

2. Obtenga el nivel/categoria MEL que le aplica.
3. Verifique a que nivel CAT debe degradar la aeronave en Appendix (see next slide.)
4. Aplique el sticker correspondiente en Panel de Instrumentos y en MFL (see next slide)
51
CAT 3A
4
Boeing 767
F/P
MEL APPENDIX (CC)
In case of release per MEL provisions 3

maintenance technicians shall consult
the Appendix of Section 0
(Introduction) of MEL publication to
determine the operational status of
aircraft for dispatch. Placards shall be
used as indicated in the appendix
52
Boeing 787 MEL
CAT SIGNIFICANT ITEMS ARE

DENOTED BY A LEGEND
SEE CAT APPENDIX IN SECTION 0

FOR OPERATIONAL CAT STATUS
53
Boeing 787
MEL APPENDIX
(Section 0, Introduction)
In case of release per MEL provisions the

maintenance technicians shall consult the CAT 3A
F/P
Appendix of Section 0 (Introduction) of

MEL publication to determine the
operational status of aircraft for dispatch.
54
AIRBUS A-340 MEL
3
4
CAT 3A
F/P
1. Determine N° MEL de item/sistema afectado

2. Obtenga el nivel/categoria MEL que le aplica.
3. Verifique a que nivel CAT debe degradar la aeronave (en MEL Ops Proceds.)
4. Aplique el sticker correspondiente en Panel de Instrumentos y en MFL 55
Airbus fleets
MEL Annex (CC)
In case of release per MEL provisions

maintenance technicians shall consult the
MEL Operations Procedures section to
determine the operational status of
aircraft for dispatch. Placards shall be
used as follows:
CAT 3 DUAL >>> CAT IIIB
CAT 3 SINGLE>> CAT 3 A F/P
CAT 2 >>>>>>>> CAT 2
56
CATEGORY REINSTATEMENT
If a fault has been reported in Log Book and it has been solved without changing the
system's units or it has not be possible to duplicate the reported problem on ground the
Authorized Maintenance Personnel must:
• Carry out TEST 40, (Autoland test for B767) to the MCDP or
• AFDS System Test (DMC-B787-A-22-11-00-01A-300B-A) for B787
• AFDS System Test (22-11-00-730-801) for B777, or
• Land Capability Test 22-97-00-501 per AMM for A320/340
• Perform Operating Test if necessary on the Systems involved in accordance with the
Maintenance Manual, the Fault Isolation Manual or BITE Manual.
• Record Maintenance action in MFL and request "PLEASE TRY A DEMO CAT II/III
LANDING AND REPORT.”
57
Cont…
• The Aircraft must perform one successful exercise of the Landing System,
and the Crew must record the results in the MFL.
Once all of these items have been satisfied, reinstatement of the Category
con be processed by the Authorized Personnel, placing the respective CAT
III TAG: one on the upper RH side of the inside front cover of the MFL and
one in Pilots Instrument panel.
58
(COMPONENTS CHANGED)
B-767 (CC)
59
AIRBUS ACFTS (CC)
To reinstate the CAT level the duly authorized maintenance staff must :
 Perform test 22-97-00-501 per AMM.
NOTE: The above test is only needed when the component or system under
verification are tested thru this procedure
 Carry out operational tests when necessary on the affected systems i a w
AMM / TSM
 If test is successful make the proper entry into Log Book
 Once the above steps are fulfilled the reinstatement can be done in
accordance with MEL Annex CAT II/III provisions by means of a tag installed in
the log book front cover (inner face) and another sticker on Pilots Instrument
Panel, next to RMI indicator.
60
(COMPONENTS CHANGED)
B-777 (N registry)
If the reported fault was solved changing one or LRU the Authorized Maintenance
Personnel will check that the installed units comply with all the established
requirements:
• Unit installed must be serviceable (FAA form 8130-3 certificate)

• Unit installed must have "CAT II/III COMPONENT" tag with the corresponding data
completed.
• Tests indicated in AMM or FIM must be performed to verify that the anomaly has
been corrected.
• If during the Tests there are more than one component affected, AFDS System Test
22-11-00-730-801 for B777must be performed prior to return the aircraft to revenue
service.
• If the foregoing is satisfactory, enter corrective action in the MFL, indicating the
procedure carried out .
• Place the appropriate CAT TAGs in the upper right-hand side of the inside front
cover of the MFL and also on pilots instrument panel
61
CAT II/III TAGs & INDICATORS
Only those duly QA authorized personnel are entitled to upgrade an

aircraft and install the appropriate tag in the P1 Instrument Panel
and inside the front flap of Log Book. However any station
technician approved to carry out minor inspections and reapairs can
downgrade the CAT level of an aircraft not meeting its airworthiness
requirements.
CAT components are also tagged in the Repair Shop by authorized

avionics specialist. The component must bear the sticker noting this
clasification
CAT 2 / 3 COMPONENT P/N : 99215256

LIC # DATE
62
CAT 3B
PART NUMBER LA-03 -024

Fail Operational acft
CAT 3A
PLACE THE APPROPRIATE CAT TAG IN THE

PART NUMBER 9927982
UPPER RH CORNER ON THE INNER FACE OF Used when acft is fail operational
LOG BOOK BINDER FRONT COVER. A SECOND CAT 3A
and operator is limited to this level
TAG GOES ON P1 INSTRUMENTS PANEL
F/P
PART NUMBER LA-04 -415

Fail Passive acft (Still capable of Autoland but
CAT 2 no auto roll out (perhaps no auto throttle)
PART NUMBER 9927502

No Autoland, capability.
NO CAT 2/3 Auto approach only
PART NUMBER 9927503

Acft cannot perform coupled
ILS approach and landing
63
A-340 TAG B-777 TAG
64
MAINTENANCE PROGRAM
Any action that limits or restore an aircraft's category must be expressly indicated in the
aircraft's flight log.
The ability to restore a previously limited category may only be carried out by qualified and
duly authorized personnel . These specialists must hold their licenses and recurrent training
updated.
65
66
REGISTERING CAT II / III APROACHES
Flight crew are required to enter all CAT III B approaches and landings in
the log book.
If the autoland was successful then Maintenance staff shall close the
Pirep writing «NOTED. Code 2205» in Flight Log Book plus his/hers
Sgnature , Lic Nbr and Date).
On the contrary the failure must be solved per AMM or deferred per MEL.
In this case the aircraft must be downgraded.
67
SUCCESSFUL LANDINGS
Definition of a successful landing (Ref: Airbus)

An automatic landing is considered to be successful if:
− no system failure occurs
− no flare failure occurs NLG strut
− no decrab failure occurs
− mainwheel touchdown occurs between 150m (500ft) and 750m (2500ft)
from runway threshold, assuming a normal GS antenna location 8 mts
− nosewheel touchdown occurs within 8m (27ft)of runway centerline
− touchdown vertical speed does not exceed 360ftlmin
− bank angle at touchdown does not exceed 7 degrees
− pitch angle does not exceed to maximum value for a safe tail clearance
− rollout lateral deviation does not exceed 8m (27ft)
− no rollout failure occurs.
Definition of a successful landing (Ref: USA air

carriers)
An automatic landing is considered to be successful if:
-- main landing gear outboard wheel touchdown
occurs within the inside of runway TDZ markings
(Highlighted in yellow rectangle)
68
CAT III INSTALLED EQUIPMENT
69
B-787 AIRWORTHINESS PROCEDURES FOR ILS CATEGORY II/III OPERATIONS
70
71
CAT II/III OPS ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
72
EQUIPOS DE PRUEBA (RAMP TEST SETS)
73

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CAT II / III MTCE OPS TRAINING

Airworthiness procedures for

RAUL GONZALEZ M. (Rev 03 Eng)

Under CAVOK condition (Ceiling However under reduced visibility

Adverse Weather = Poor or nil visibility

•Where on earth is the runway?

Adverse Weather = Poor or nil visibility

Another cue showing how to

Instruments Landing System allows the pilot to follow a guidance

ILS : Ground based equipment

GLIDE SLOPE TRANSMITTER

Vertical deviation information is also presented in the EADI/PFD

Distance to runway threshold and altitude checks

Marker beacons give pilots a means to determine position

ILS : ON BOARD EQUIPMENT

ILS : ON BOARD EQUIPMENT

Guidance VOR-ILS / MMR

Control AFCS / AFS

Stability IRS / ADIRU / AHRU

Electrical Power AC + DC multiple redundant

Hydraulic Power Engine driven + AC driven +Ram Air

Warnings and alerts Warning System

AFCS / AFS / AFDS

1. Takeoff (flight director only) 5. Approach

AFCS PHASES OF OPERATION

GUIDANCE AND AIRCRAFT CONTROL

Ground signals sent from LOC, GS and MB

AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

B-787 Autopilot Flight Control System

AP , AT & TOGA SWITCHES

AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL

An Auto Pilot associated to a Flight Director System is capable of controlling an

AFCS / AFS CONTROL : INNER LOOP AND OUTER LOOP

An autoland system is flight critical and therefore has to be fail

To be fail operational a large degree of redundancy is required

If a failure occurs, the sufficient redundancy in the system allows the

CATEGORY : A procedure for approach and landing performed relying on ILS

RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (RVR) : Maximum distance in the direction of take-off

DECISION HEIGHT is confirmed

RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE is

AH is used during “fail operational” Cat III procedures. (AC 120-28 §

App Ldg Roll Out

App: From approach fix until reaching DH

CATEGORY: An approach and landing procedure supported by instruments

Upon reaching the specified minima elevation above terrain or

AH para B-767 y B-777:

A category II approach is a precision instrument approach and landing with

A category III A approach is a precision instrument approach and landing with

Based on Loc/GS Bar Deviation Indications (raw data approach).

REQUIREMENTS FOR INSTRUMENTS APPROACHES

- Airport radio aids

LAN AIRPLANES ARE CERTIFICATED FOR CAT III B

LAN AIRPLANES ARE CERTIFICATED FOR CAT III B

Certificación del avión B787 para CAT II / III

Certificación del avión B777F para CAT II / III

Manuales CAT II / III de LAN Airlines y LAN Cargo

B-767 (CC) B-787 (CC) B-777 (N)

Manuales CAT II / III de LAN Airlines y LAN Express

A-340 A-320 Fam

Besides those inspections established in the Operators

B 777 MPD items part of Lan Cargo