Text 1

Most of us have heard the good advice that we need to eat less sugar, and rightly so. However, despite the
numerous warnings by health authorities of the ill effects of sugar, the majority of the population is still
consuming sugar on a daily basis in some form or other.
We do not have to consume white, refined sugar to be consuming sugar. Sugar includes glucose, fructose
(as in fruit sugar), lactose (as in milk), sucrose (as in table sugar), maltose or malts (as in rice malt and honey),
jam (contains concentrated juice, which is high in fruit sugar), maple syrup, corn syrup, palm sugar
(traditionally used in macrobiotic cooking), and the very deceiving organic brown sugar, which is not all that
different from white sugar. Even alcohol is a sugar. All of these sugars are problematic in many different ways.
The body changes sugar into 2 to 5 times more fat in the bloodstream than it does starch. With 146 proven
reasons why sugar is bad for us, is there perhaps one single reason as to why we might need it? The only
interesting thing about sugar is that it tastes good and makes us temporally feel good. This is an area worth
exploring. According to Traditional Chinese Medicine, a 5000-year-old wisdom of self-contained knowledge of
healing, we all need sweetness in our life. We need six tastes: sweet, sour, salty, astringent, bitter and pungent to
stimulate the taste buds on our tongue at main meals, in order to experience satiety.
Many people really try hard to avoid sugar, and do not sweeten their tea or coffee, yet they crave sugar in
some other form, such as chocolates, cakes, ice cream or even fruit - dates and figs. Dates are 99% sugar, in the
form of fructose. When a person is in metabolic balance, they do not crave sugar. If they do, it is a sign of a
metabolic imbalance and it can be corrected without having to consume sugar.

01. What is the author’s attitude toward the topic of the passage?

(A) Considerate
(B) Determined
(C) Persistent
(D) Thoughtful
(E) Cautious

02. The paragraph following the passage will likely talk about …

(A) a way of remedying metabolic inequality

(B) details of a person with metabolic problems
(C) a comparison of sugar contents in tea and cakes
(D) other sweetener types for replacing sugar
(E) effects of consuming too much sugar

03. The passage can be best summarized as ....

(A) all types of sugar are problematic to human health

(B) humans actually need sugar every day in the form of food
(C) the only function of sugar is to satisfy our need of sweet taste
(D) given the ill effect of sugar, people should avoid consuming it
(E) over consumption of sugar will impact both physically and psychologically

04. Based on the passage, it can be hypothesized that we will feel full if ....

(A) there is sugar in the food

(B) we eat or drink something sweet
(C) alcohol is served during meal time
(D) tastes in the food complement each other
(E) our body suffers from metabolic imbalance

05. The word “satiety” as used in paragraph 3 most nearly means

(A) Completion
(B) Binge
(C) Bulge
(D) Appetite
(E) Satisfaction
Text 2

A forgotten issue in urbanism is land use during the nighttime, with problems such as noise and dirt, which
could be improved with information from Twitter. At least this is what Enrique and Vanessa Frias-Martinez
believe, computer science researchers at Telefonica Research and the University of Maryland (USA)
respectively, who have suggested using geolocalized tweets for urban planning and land use.
Enrique Frias-Martinez explained that geolocalized tweets can be a very useful source of information for
planning since it is an activity carried out by a large number of people who provide information on where they
are at a specific time and what they are doing. The researcher points out that thanks to the increased use of
smartphones, social networks like Twitter and Facebook have made it possible to access and produce
information ubiquitously.
These networks generate tags with the event’s geolocation. The new technique “automatically determines
land uses in urban areas by grouping together geographical regions with similar patterns of Twitter activity,”
says the researcher. Using aggregate activity of tweets, the Frias-Martinez siblings have studied land use in
Manhattan, Madrid and London. In the first two cases they identified four uses: residential, business, daytime
leisure (mainly parks and tourist areas) and nightlife areas. The study has determined that, in Madrid, nighttime
tweet activity is concentrated on weekends and in Manhattan, on weekdays. On the other hand, London is
characterized by its tweeting activity in daytime leisure areas.

06. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?

(A) Many people like to use geolocation tags on Twitter.

(B) Information from social networks can be accessed universally.
(C) Geolocalized tweets can be useful for urban planning.
(D) Complex patterns of Twitter activities can finally be identified.
(E) Problems concerning urbanism are often neglected and forgotten.

07. The author’s purpose in writing the passage is to ....

(A) compare Facebook and Twitter users in terms of geolocation tags.

(B) argue that social networks do not necessarily reflect users’ activities.
(C) persuade people to stop using geolocation tags to protect their privacy.
(D) inform the possible use of Twitter data for studying and planning land use.
(E) illustrate the urgency of solving various problems concerning urban planning.

08. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE about the study?

(A) It shows that people in London mostly tweet in daytime leisure areas.
(B) The focus of the study is land use in Manhattan, Madrid and London.
(C) Residential, business, daytime leisure and nightlife areas could be identified.
(D) Manhattan and Madrid’s nighttime tweet activities are concentrated differently.
(E) The researchers could identify four land uses in Manhattan, Madrid and London.

09. The tone of this passage is ....

(A) harsh
(B) neutral
(C) critical
(D) didactic
(E) satirical

10. This text would probably be found in ....

(A) a popular science magazine

(B) a brochure
(C) an academic journal
(D) a newsletter
(E) a tabloid