AP U.S.

History Incomplete – Only 26 Questions

Form C
Unit Test
Chapters 25, 26, and 27
Urban, Western, and Overseas Expansion
Use the excerpt below to answer the questions that follow.

“The system of garbage collecting was inadequate throughout the city but it became the greatest menace in a ward such as
ours… The Hull House Woman’s Club had been organized the year before…The members discussed the high death rate so
persistent in our ward… Twelve of them undertook, in connection with the residents, to carefully investigate the conditions in
their alleys… It required both civil enterprise and moral confiction to be wiling to do this three evenings a week during the
hottest and most uncomfortable months of the year.”

From Twenty Years at Hull House, by Jane Addams, 1912

1. The excerpt reflects the Progressive movement’s faith in which of the following?
a. The value of knowledge and information gathered in a scientific and methodical way
b. Generating emotional responses in the public to gain support for social reforms
c. The value of consistent crusading to expose economic, social, and political corruption
d. A belief in individualism as the key to improving society

2. Which of the following best describes developments in American society in the late 1800s and early 1900s,
which allowed women to play a major role in instituting Progressive reforms?
a. Women came to feel stifled and wanted to break into new careers, other than just child rearing.
b. Women were a major part of the growth of a professional business class.
c. Women had played a significant role in the Populist movement.
d. Decreasing birth rates and improved household technology allowed women more opportunities outside the
home.

3. Which of the following best describes the philosophical motivations behind the work of reformers like Jane
Addams?
a. Belief that the environment in which a person lived influenced individual development
b. Belief that God determined the social circumstances in which individuals lived.
c. Belief the people’s fortunes were what they were due to their genetic “fitness” for survival
d. Middle class Americans had a duty to help immigrants assimilate.

Use the following excerpt to answer the questions that follow.

“More and more civilized man is needing and seeking ground to occupy, room over which to expand and in which to live. Like
all natural forces, the impulse takes the direction of least resistance, but when in its course it comes upon some region rich in
possibilities, but unfruitful through the incapacity or negligence of those who swell therein, the incompetent race or system will
go down, as the inferior race ever has fallen back and disappeared before the persistent impact of the superior.”

From The Interest of American in Sea Power, Present and Future, by Captain A.T. Mahan, 1897

4. In early 20th century America, which of the following groups would most strongly have supported Mahan’s
view as communicated in the above passage?
a. Anti-imperialists
b. Isolationists
c. American’s advocating intervention in WWI
d. Imperialists

5. Which of the following best describes economic developments in America of the late 19 th century which led
to the larger debate of which the excerpt is a part?
a. Large growth in American export of goods and American desire to expand overseas markets
b. Opening of the American west and the consequent access to resources for production
c. Improved living standards increased demand for imports
d. A tariff was imposed on the import of Hawaiian sugar

6. Mahan’s argument best parallels which philosophical argument used to defend the great wealth and power of
the corporate industrialists during this time period?
a. Gospel of Wealth
b. Nativism
c. Social Darwinism
d. Populist
7. Which of the following best describes developments in 19 th century Europe which helped spur arguments in
America such as that of Mahan?
a. The major powers were dramatically expanding their empire all around the world.
b. The limited land space of the European countries was causing overcrowding problems.
c. The major European countries were rapidly developing new technologies, due to easier access to natural
resources of other countries.
d. The countries of Europe were increasingly forming military alliances.

8. Some historians believe that Mahan’s thesis was a turning point in American foreign policy during this time
period. Which historical evidence best supports this belief?
a. US involvement in China
b. Securing US naval access in the Middle East
c. US involvement in the Philippines
d. US support of Cuba against the Spanish

Use the excerpt below to answer the questions that follow.

“The Germans and Irish millions, like the Negro, have a great deal of guano [bird excrement] in their destiny. They are ferried
over the Atlantic, and carted over America, to ditch and to drudge, to make corn cheap, and then to lie down prematurely to
make a spot of green grass on the prairie”
Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1860

9. After the Civil War the Irish were used to

a. to build the transcontinental railroad from Omaha westward
b. to farm the newly opened lands in Indian Territory
c. to work in the mines of Colorado and Wyoming
d. to work in the factories of the New South

10. In the northern urban areas of the late 19th century

a. the African Americans moved from the South to the Northern cities to work in the factories
b. the Germans kept cities wet because of their love of beer
c. the Irish gained control of the major cities political bodies in Chicago and Boston
d. the removal of the American Indians to the reservations allowed for the new immigrants to be sent into those
areas of the Great Plains as a result of the Homestead Act

11. The New Immigrants of the late 19th century like the Irish of the 1850s
a. were used to replace the freedmen in the New South because they worked for lower wages
b. were terrorized by the Know Nothings for their love of the Pope and the Catholic Church
c. joined the American Federation of Labor who supported the unskilled workers in their fight for better wages,
working conditions and shorter hours
d. were encouraged to come to America by the owners of industry because they would work for lower wages

12. The group that provided support and jobs to many of the New Immigrants in the late 19 th century were the
a. GAR
b. KKK
c. Political machines
d. Republican Party

Use the excerpt below to answer the questions that follow.

“We took away their country and their means of support, broke up their mode of living, their habits of life, introduced disease
and decay among them, and it was for this and against this they made war. Could anyone expect less?”

General Philip Sheridan, 1878

13. After the Civil War the conflicts between the federal government and the American Indian tribes of the Great
plains began with
a. the establishment of cattle trails from Texas to the northern states of Kansas and Wyoming
b. the passage of the Homestead Act which brought millions into the area to farm the land
c. the building of the transcontinental railroad that connected California to Chicago
d. the attempt to assimilate the American Indian into the American way of life

14. The beginning of the end for the American Indian on the Great Plains occurred
a. with the introduction of the repeating rifle and other military technology
b. when the buffalo almost became extinct because of the buffalo hunter
c. when the Lakota Sioux massacred General Custer and his men at the battle of the Little Big Horn
d. because of hunger and disease as a result of the harsh winters of 1886 and 1887
Use the image below to answer the questions that follow.

15. The cartoon above is a commentary on late-nineteenth-century

a. municipal corruption
b. imperialism
c. labor unrest
d. business monopolies

16. New York's notorious Boss Tweed was finally jailed under the pressure of
a. New York Times articles and the cartoons of Thomas Nast.
b. federal income tax evasion charges.
c. New York City's ethics laws.
d. testimony by Tweed's partners in crime.
Use the image below to answer the questions that follow.

17. Starting during the Civil War, the federal government was able to settle the western half of the US quickly by
passing the Homestead Act which required settlers to
a. live on and improve the land for a period a time
b. become farmers
c. move onto the Great Plains
d. build houses out of wood and glass

18. As more farmers settled the Great Plains, they began to rely on the railroads to get their crops to market.
This became a problem when
a. the railroads were unable to get government funding to complete the lines to build railroads
b. the railroads were charging farmers more to ship east and over short distances
c. the nation decided to regulate the railroads
d. the nation experienced a drought that destroyed most of the crops

19. Settlement of the Great Plains was made most difficult by

a. an increase in conflicts with Native Americans in the region
b. lack of natural resources and the environmental difficulties
c. government employees working for the General Land Office
d. railroad land speculators
Use the following image from October 1, 1882, to answer the questions that follow.

20. The cartoon refers to a demand for “double protection.” In addition to the demand for restrictions on
immigration, what other policy proposal would an American workingman in 1892 most probably have been
demanding?
a. An increase in the tariff
b Civil Service reform
c. Free Silver
d. Pensions for Civil War veterans

21. The cartoon reflects the increase beginning in the 1880s in immigration from
a. the British Isles
b. Southern and Central America
c. Southern and Eastern Europe
d. Germany and France

22. In which previous period of American history were similar attitudes towards immigration expressed as in this
cartoon?
a. At the end of the American Revolution
b. After the XYZ Affair
c. In the period leading up to the outbreak of the War of 1812
d. Following the Irish Potato Famine and European political upheavals of the 1840s
Use the image below to answer the questions that follow.

23. This political cartoon most clearly depicts which of the following historical developments in the late 19th and
early twentieth centuries?
a. imperialism
b. industrialization
c. isolationism
d. immigration

24. The cartoon most directly reflects a growing belief that

a. America should pursue military involvement in the Western hemisphere
b. Isolationism would improve the American economy
c. America should spread democracy to other countries
d. the American government should pursue nation building
     
25. The cartoon above represents a continuation of what earlier 19th century movement
a. Manifest Destiny
b. Populism
c. Social Gospel
d. Nativism
Use the image entitled “How Some People Picture Uncle Sam after the War” from the Detroit News in 1898 to answer
the questions that follow.

26. Who would most likely agree with the message depicted in this cartoon?
a. Anti-imperialists.
b. The people of Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Hawaii.
c. Business leaders.
d. Expansionists.

27. Whether or not to annex _______ was the most controversial issue to arise as a result of the Spanish-
American War.
a. Cuba
b. Hawaii
c. the Philippines
d. Puerto Rico

28. Of the following statements, the one that best reflects an anti-imperialist attitude is
a. “It is not necessary to own people to trade with them.”
b. “The expansion of our trade and commerce is the pressing problem.”
c. “Is there no nation wise enough, brave enough to aid this blood-smitten land?”
d. “Fate has written our policy for us; the trade of the world must and shall be ours. . . .”