MD 2Y2-1B

LABORATORY GROUP 1

WEEK 1 LABORATORY ACTIVITY

Acenas, Angel Lyca
Ferrer, Erika
Lozano, Mikaela
Maleriado, Bea Mae
Ocampo, Jemimah Faith
Pacoma, Anna Rhea Jarine
Pajo, Christian

Date Submitted: February 10, 2021

PART 1. Microscopy

1. Head
 The upper part of the microscope that houses the optical elements of the unit.
2. Base
 The bottom of the microscope—what the microscope stands on.
3. Arm
 Structural element that connects the head of the microscope to the base.
4. Eyepieces
 The lenses at the top that the viewer looks through; they are usually 10X or 15X.
 To get the total magnification level, multiply the magnification of the objective used (ex: 10X
eyepiece * 40X objective = 400X total magnification).
5. Tube
 Where the eyepieces are dropped in. They connect the eyepieces to the objective lenses.
6. Base
 Found at the bottom of the microscope, used for support.
7. Arm
 Structural element that connects the head of the microscope to the base.
8. Stage
 The flat platform that supports the slides. Stage clips hold the slides in place.
 9. Illuminator
 A steady light source (110 volts in the US) that shines up through the slide instead of a
mirror.
10. Revolving Nosepiece
 This circular structure is where the different objective lenses are screwed in. To change the
magnification power, simply rotate the turret.
11. Objective Lenses
 Usually, you will find 3 or 4 objective lenses on a microscope. The most common ones are
4X (shortest lens), 10X, 40X and 100X (longest lens). The higher power objectives (starting
from 40x) are spring loaded. These let you see what is on the slides.
12. Rack Stop
 An adjustment that determines how far up the stage can get close to the objectives. Setting
the rack stop is useful in preventing the slide from coming too far up and hitting the
objective lens.
13. Coarse adjustment
 This is used to focus the microscope. It is always used first, and it is used only with the low
power objective.
14. Fine adjustment
 This is used to focus the microscope. It is used with the high power objective to bring the
specimen into better focus.
15. Condenser Lens
 Condenser lenses focus on the light that shines up through the slide it is useful for attaining
sharp images at magnifications of 400X and above.
16. Diaphragm or Iris
 The diaphragm or iris is located under the stage and is an apparatus that can be adjusted
to vary the intensity, and size, of the cone of light that is projected through the slide.

 PART 2. Critical Thinking

1. What is the principle of a bright-field microscopy? (1pt)

- Since the “bright field” is commonly used for the specimen that is dark and contrasted by the
surrounding bright viewing field.
The principle of a bright-field microscopy is visible light passed through the specimen and then through a
series of lenses that bend the light in a manner that results in a magnification of the organisms present in
the specimen. The total magnification achieved is the product of the lenses used.
2. What are the different types of microscope used in the bacteriology lab? (2pts)
- the different types of microscope used in the bacteriology lab are Light Microscopes, Fluorescent Microscopes,
Electron Microscopes, X-Ray Microscopes.

3. Identify what organism can be seen in different microscopy you have mentioned above? (2pts)
-Generally the organisms can be seen in different microscope used in bacteriology lab are members of the plant
kingdom, fungi, bacteria and protozoa. As such, they are only visible under the microscope.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/bright-field-microscopy

 PART III. Computation (No Formula, No Point)

1. What is the formula to determine the actual size of an organism? (1pt)

FORMULA:

Actual Size = Image size (um) / Magnification

Where:

I – Image Size

A – Actual Size

M - Magnification

2. The actual size of an Escherichia coli is 1.5um. What would be its image size if the magnification used is
1000x? (2pts)

Formula: Actual size (um) = Image Size (um) / Magnification

Image size (um) = Magnification x Actual size (um)

Given: Actual size of the Escherichia coli = 1.5 um

Magnification = 1000x

Solution: Image size (um) = Magnification x Actual size (um)

= 1000 x ×1.5 um
Image size (um) = 1 500 um

3. What magnification is used if an Bacillus sp. have a microscopic size of 3.5um and an image size of
15mm? (2pts)

Formula: Actual size (um) = Image Size (um) / Magnification

Image size (um) = Magnification x Actual size (um)

Given: Actual size of the Bacillus sp. = 3.5 um

Image size = 15 mm = 15 000 um

*Convert: 15 mm = 15 000um since 1 mm = 1 000 um

Solution: Magnification = Image Size (um) / Actual Size (um)
15 000um
=
3.5um
Magnification = 4 285.71x or 4 2856x