NAME:………………………………………………………………..

CLASS:…………………………………………….

1.
Diagram shows the cross section of dicotyledonous stems, X that undergoes primary growth and Y
that undergoes secondary growth.
Rajah menunjukkan keratan rentas batang dikotiledon, X yang mengalami pertumbuhan primer dan Y
yang mengalami pertumbuhan sekunder.

Explain the differences between primary growth and secondary growth.

Terangkan perbezaan di antara pertumbuhan primer dan pertumbuhan sekunder.
[6 marks / markah]

Primary Growth Secondary Growth

Involves the apical meristem tissue
Growth occurs on stems and roots in the younger
regions of the plants.
Growth occurs longitudinally
Primary growth increases the length of stems and
roots of the plant
Woody tissues are not present
Bark is thin
Involves the lateral meristem tissues (vascular
cambium and cork cambium)
Growth occurs when primary growth has stopped
on matured stems and roots
Growth occurs radially
Secondary growth increases the thickness or
circumference of stems and roots of plants
Woody tissues are present
Bark is thick

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NAME:………………………………………………………………..

CLASS:…………………………………………….

2.

1) When the light intensity increases as sunrise approaches, the rate of photosynthesis
increases, and the releases of oxygen gradually increases, too.
2) Eventually, there will come to a point where all the released oxygen (by photosynthesis)
for cell respiration is being used up. All the released CO2 (by cell respiration) is used up
for photosynthesis.
3) At this point of light intensity where there is no net exchange of oxygen and CO2, is
called compensation point.
4) At compensation point the rate of photosynthesis is same as the rate of respiration.
5) There is no net gain or net loss in the sugar produced. Oxygen produced in photosynthesis
is used in the cell respiration of plants.
6) It occurs in dim light ( moderate light intensity )
7) If the photosynthesis rate and respiration rate remains at compensation point:
a) there would be no flowers, seeds and fruits in green plants
b) the plants would be unable to stored any food, there would be no food available for
the heterotrophs.
c) As the oxygen in the air is used up but not replenished by photosynthesis, all oxygen-
breathing living organisms would suffocate.
8) If the light intensity is increased beyond the compensation point, the rate of
photosynthesis will exceed the rate of respiration.
9) Plants must take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release the excess oxygen
into the atmosphere.
10) For growth, reproduction and seed production to take place in plants, the rate of
photosynthesis must exceed the respiration rate so that the excess oxygen can be used for
growth and living process.
At the same time, the excess oxygen is released into the atmosphere to sustain living
organisms

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NAME:………………………………………………………………..

CLASS:…………………………………………….

3.
(a) Complete the figure below.

INORGANIC NUTRIENTS

MACRONUTRIENTS MICRONUTRIENTS

C Cl

Ca Zn

H Fe

Mg Cu

O Mn

P Ni

N B

(b) S Mo
what
K
is
Knop’s solution?
A culture solution that contains all trace elements needed by healthy plants.

Complete Knop’s culture solution

Ca(NO3)2 0.8g
KNO3 0.2g
KH2PO4 0.2g
MgSO4 0.2g
FePO4 Trace
Distilled water 1000cm3

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NAME:………………………………………………………………..

CLASS:…………………………………………….

4.
(a) List the comparison between Transpiration and guttation.
Similarities
1. Both processes occur through the leaf.
2. Both processes cause permanent water loss from the plant

Differences

Transpiration Guttation
1. Transpiration happens on hot and windy Guttation happens at night and early mornings.
days.
2. Transpiration happens in all plants. Guttation only happens in herbaceous plants
3. Water is released as water vapour. Water is released as water droplets.
4. Water is released through stomata. Water is released through a special structure at
the end of leaf veins.
5. Transpiration is controlled by the opening Guttation happens when root pressure is high.
and closing of stomata.
6. Transpiration releases pure water. Guttation releases water rich in minerals.

(b) Explain translocation in plant.

1. Sucrose is actively transported into the sieve tube.

2. The transport of sucrose into the sieve tube through the companion cell from the leaf cells
reduces water potential in the sieve tube. This causes water to diffuse from the xylem into
the sieve tube via osmosis.

3. The water diffusion increase hydrostatic pressure in the sieve tube.

4. The increase in hydrostatic pressure causes the phloem sap to be pushed along the sieve
tube to other organs of the plant.

5. The phloem sap (sucrose) is transported from the sieve tube to other parts such as stems,
roots, shoots, fruits and tubers by active transport.

6. High water potential in phloem causes the water to diffuse in order for it to return to the
xylem by osmosis.

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NAME:………………………………………………………………..

CLASS:…………………………………………….

7. Transpirational pulls water along the xylem vessel against the direction of gravitational
pull.

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