TUGAS MENULIS JURNAL PEMBELAJARAN

(LEARNING JOURNAL)

JURNAL PEMBELAJARAN SEMANTICS

Nama Mahasiswa : Willy Gonzales

NIM : 5031811019
Kelas : Sastra Inggris 18B
Dosen : Bob Morison Sigalingging, M.Hum.
Tanggal : 8 Desember 2020

Week 9
Week 9 talked about Deixis in Semantics. Deixis is the method of relating utterance to its
spatial and temporal context. There are four deictic elements:
- Person Deixis: Singular: You, I, he, she
Plural : We, They.
Person Deixis includes singular, plural, first person, second person, and third person
referents.

- Place Deixis: For identifying entities: This, that, these, those.

Locative Deixis: Here, there, above, below
For acknowledging locations : Come (exist in a place of u), Go (Doesn’t
exist in u)

- Time Deixis: Past expression : Yesterday, last year/month, before (before u)

Present expression: This afternoon, today, now (the moment of u)
Future expression : Soon, tomorow (after u)
Note: u = utterance

Week 10
Week 10 talked about Lexical Relations. Lexical relations explain that words or lexemes are
related semantically. These relation often termed with a word add with –nym suffix.
Types of lexical relation:

- Antonym.
Antonym expresses the relation between words or lexems in terms of their contradictory.
Example: on-off; old-young; big-small; etc.
4 types of antonyms: Gradable, non-gradable, morphological, and relational antonyms.

- Synonym
Synonym expresses the relation between words in their sameness of meanings. 3 Different
aspects of synonyms: Cognitive, descriptive, and near synonymous.

Example: Seaman-sailor (cognitive); thrifty-economical (descriptive); mist-fog; stream-brook

 (near synonymous).

Week 11
Week 11 talked about the continuation of week 10, which is the other 8 types of lexical
relations which listed below:
- Hyponym : Lizards, Geckos, Snakes, Crocodile = Reptile (Those 4 animals are hyponym
of reptile)
- Meronymy: Arm,leg,body,elbow,hand and finger are meronyms of human. (Part-whole
relationship)
- Member Collection: Sheep-fleet; tree-forest; book-library; sheep-herd; bird-flock; fish-
shoal.
- Portion-mass: Relation between uncountable nouns with their usual unit of measurement or
divison. Example: Drop of water, grain of salt/sand/wheat, sheet of paper, etc.
- Homonym: Two words that have similar spelling and pronunciation but different meaning.
Example: Bank (as in river bank and bank as in bank account)
Two types of homonym: 1. Homophone: Similar pronunciation, but different spelling.
Example: ring-wring, knight-night,etc.
2. Homograph: Similar spelling different meaning.
Example: Bear (Noun and Verb)
- Polysemy: A word with multiple meanings that are related by extensions (conceptual or
historical extent). Example: Shoulder : - Part of human body
- Shoulder of the road
Head : - Part of human body
- Head office

Week 12
Week 12 was about Particpant Roles. Basically, in semantics there are several types of roles,
however the most common roles are predicator and argument. Argument is referring expressions
used for referring things, person, etc. Argument also has participant roles based on their role in a
sentence. Types of participant role: Agent, affected, instrument, beneficiary, location,
experience, and theme.

Week 13
Week 13 discussed about Derivation. Derivation is a way of forming a new word or lexeme by
means of adding derivational affixes to a base word. The word derivated from derivation process
usually has a narrower meaning than the base word.
Affix added at the end of a word is called suffix, and usually function as the head of the word.
Example: Govern (V) + -ment (N) = Government (N) So the head of the word has to be
noun which is the suffix -ment.

Affix that is added at the preceding position of a word is called prefix and does not function as
the head of the word, at least in most cases.
Example: in- + operable (Adj.) = Inoperable (adj)
fore- + tell (V) = Foretell (V).

Zero Derivation.
Zero Derivation or also known as ‘functional shift’ or ‘conversion’is when a word is used as
another part of speech but without any affixations or formation changes.
Example: Fun (as in ‘We are having fun (N)’ and ‘that’s not fun (Adj.)’
 Ring (as in ‘the phone is ringing (V)’ and ‘I’ll give you a ring later (N)’

Week 14
Week 14 of semantics was discussing About Dictionaries. This materials talks about the
semantics aspects in Dictionaries. Some of them are:
- Interconnectedness. Words in dictionaries are interconnected each other in terms of their
semantic senses or definition.
- Technical Term. Technical terms used in dictionaries are the example of semantic prime
(undefined terms or unable to be explained in a simple way)
- Precision. In order to have precision, a good dictionary should avoid using vague terms
such as ‘etc.’, ‘more or less’, ‘especially’ and ‘usually’.
- Dictionary-based Definitions and Encyclopaedic Definitions in Dictionary.
A.Dictionary describes the definition or the sense of words or predicates, while
B.Encyclopaedia states the factual information of variety of types without any
information about the sense or meaning of the predicates or words.