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Respiratory Problems of Poultry & Application of Vaccines: Dr. Mohammad Akram
Respiratory Problems of Poultry & Application of Vaccines: Dr. Mohammad Akram
&
Application of Vaccines
Viral Respiratory Diseases ( ND, IB, AI, ILT, APV & FP)
Nose /
Nasal Passage
Respiratory System of Chicken
Parasitic Problem
Fungal Problem
Mycoplasmosis &Bacterial Problems
Parasitic Respiratory Problem
Example : Apergillosis
Aspergillus fumigatus (Brooder Pneumonia) is causing respiratory
problem in young chicks. Source of infection is contaminated hatcher &
brooding houses, particularly wood shaving.
Treatment:
Copper Sulphate solution(1:2000-4000) in drinking water for 3 days.
Mycoplasmosis
All ages are susceptible but young chicks are facing heavy losses,
particularly when having yolk sac infection due to contaminated hatchers.
E. coli infection showing Pericarditis / Perihepatitis
Treatment of Bacterial
Diseases & Mycoplasmosis
Important Points to use Drug
Site of infection
Septicemia e.g. Coli Septicemia (Blood Stream).
Digestive tract e.g. Necrotic enteritis.
Absorption of drug
Good Absorption (water medication)
Poor Absorption (I/M or S/cut)
Drug Residue Every drug has different residual effect on meat & egg.
Absorption of drugs
Activity Against
Drug Gut Absorption
Mycoplasma E.Coli
Colistin Low Low High
Neomycin Low Low High
Spectinomycin Low Low High
Gentamycin Low Low High
Streptomycin Low Low High
Tetracyclines High Moderate High
Amoxycillin High Low High
Chloremphenicol High Low High
Nitrofuran Moderate Low High
Kitasamycin High High Low
Tiamutin High High Low
Tylocin High High Low
Spiramycin High High Low
Lincomycin - Moderate Low
Trimethoprim + sulpha High Low High
Flemequine High Moderate High
Kitasamycin + Amoxicillin High High High
Bacterial Vaccines
Mycoplasma Vaccines
Lentogenic ( Mild)
Mesogenic ( Intermediate)
Velogenic ( Highly Virulent)
Field Diagnosis
Sudden onset and rapid spread through the flock.
Chilling. Watery discharged from nostrils.
Gasping.
Facial swelling.
Paralysis.
Trembling & twisting of neck (Torticollis).
Mortality in young chickens from 10 to 80% and drop
in egg production in adult birds from 20 to 100 %
(Depending upon the virulence of ND virus).
Loss of appetite.
Decreased water consumption.
Torticollis
VVNDV
Control of ND
Cost involved.
Degree of immunity necessary for protection.
Exposure to local field virus in terms of its virulence and prevalence.1
In general the more active vaccines (Mesogenic) are used in areas where
the field disease is severe. A vaccination program based on lentogenic
vaccines is adopted in areas where the field virus is of lesser virulence.
-Nucleocapsid Portein
EUROPE :- D-274, D-1466, D-3128, PL- 88088, 4/91, 793-B, CR- 88,
Italy-02
Website www.gddeventer.com
E-mail info@gddeventer.com
It is not only affecting the respiratory system of chicken but
affecting other organs:-
Lesions of kidney:
Nephritis ( Urolithiasis)
Normal eggs
IB infected eggs
of same flock
Normal egg white
Paramyxovirus e.g.
MYXOVIRUS ND, APV (TRT/ART)
(RNA Virus)
Orthomyxovirus e.g.
A.I
A B C
Humans & Other Humans Humans & Pigs
mammals
All Avian Virus
belong to “A”
Commonly observed signs
Severe depression, decreased activity.
Decreased feed consumption and emaciation.
Drop in egg production.
Mild to severe respiratory signs: coughing, sneezing, rales,
excessive lacrimation.
Ruffled feathers.
Swollen heads ( necrosis of combs & wattles)
Cyanosis of legs.
Nervous disorders (torticollis – after 5 days of infection)
Diarrhoea.
Post mortem lesions
Inflammation of Trachea
Haemorrhages on visceral organs.
Congestion of lungs.
Nephritis.
Visceral gout.
Damage of ovaries.
Diagnosis of AI
Serology
Antibodies are detectable from 7-10 days p.i by:-
HI test
AGPT
VN test
ELISA etc.
Retesting after 3-4 weeks intervals to see the
changes in titres
Virus Isolation & Identification
Samples:
Swabs from trachea or cloaca; other infected organ in
case of systemic infection.
Method:
Inoculation of 0.1-0.2 ml of the sample into the
allantoic cavity of 9-11 days old embryonated chicken
eggs.
Antigen detection:
RT-PCR
Control of AI
INDIVIDUAL APPLICATIONS
Eye drop / Intra Nasal
Beak dipping
Wing Web
Intramuscular injection (I/M) & Subcutaneous injection (S/cut)
In Ovo Vaccination
MASS APPLICATION
Drinking Water Vaccination
Spray Vaccination (Course or Fine spray)
Precautions in Eye Drop/Intra- Nasal Vaccination
Advantages
All birds can be immunized.
Avoid problems with irregular water consumption.
Avoid respiratory reactions as seen after spray vaccination.
Precautions in Wing Web Vaccination
Spray Good