Mechanical Nonlin 13.0 WS 07A Hyperelasticity

Customer Training Material
Workshop 7A
Hyperelastic Curve Fitting
ANSYS Mechanical
Structural Nonlinearities
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. WS7A-1 December 2010
ANSYS Mechanical Structural Nonlinearities
Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting Customer Training Material
• Goal
– Use curve-fitting tool to create a hyperelastic material model from
test data.
– Analyze
A l 3d ttensile
il rubber
bb test
t t specimen
i
– Plot and graph results

… Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting Customer Training Material
• Model Description
– 3D large deflection with nonlinear material
(hyperelastic)
– Three
Th planes
l off symmetry
t (1/8th off the
th actual
t l model)
d l)
• Loads and Boundary Conditions:

– Frictionless supports on each plane of symmetry
– Displacement load to elongate one end.

Steps to Follow:
• Restore Archive… browse for file “W7A-hyper.wbpz”
• Save as
– File name: “W7A-hyper”
– Save as type: Workbench Project Files (*.wbpj)
( .wbpj)

The project Schematic should look like the

picture to the right.
– From this Schematic, you can see that
E i
Engineering
i (material)
( t i l) Data
D t and d Geometry
G t
have already been defined (green check
marks).
– It remains to set up and run the FE model in
Mechanical
– Highlight the Engineering Data Cell and open

by clicking on the Right Mouse Button
(RMB)=>Edit to verify the default linear
material properties.
– Verify that the units are in Metric
(Tonne mm ) system
(Tonne,mm,…) system. If not,
not change this by
clicking on…
• Utility Menu=>Units=>Metric(Tonne,
mm,…)

• Click on ‘Return to Project’

• Double click on the Model Cell to open the FE Model (Mechanical
Session) (or RMB=>Edit…)

• Once inside the Mechanical application, verify the working unit system
– “Unit > Metric (mm,kg,N,s,mV,mA)”
• Open the folders beneath the model branch to become familiar with the
model set-up.
set up
– Confirm the three frictionless boundary conditions.
– Confirm the displacement load of 19mm on the far end.

• Preview the mesh:
The default mesh should be swept with hexahedral elements

• I
Introduce
d hyperelastic
h l i material
i l test data
d
– Return to the Project Schematic
– Open the Engineering Data Cell
– Highlight the
the“Structural
Structural Steel”
Steel material and
RMB duplicate.
– Change the name of the duplicated material

to “Elastomer” and the description to “test
specimen”
– Verify metric units are active

• With the Elastomer material highlighted, insert hyperelastic material test

data
– From the Toolbox, expand the “Experimental Stress Strain Data” Folder
– Highlight “Uniaxial
Uniaxial Test Data
Data”, RMB>Include Property
– Repeat for:
– Biaxial Test Data
– Shear Test Data

• B
Become ffamiliar
ili with
ith the
th property
t tables
t bl and
d chart
h t
a Properties Outline Dialogue box should now include three additional cells for the
hyperelastic test data
b The Table of Properties represents the data for the cell that is highlighted in “a”.
a .
c The Engineering Data Chart is a graphical display of the tabulated data in “b”.
Note:
c
The question mark next
to each cell indicates
that no data has been
read in yet a

• Read in material test data

– Browse for and open “tension-uni.xls”
– This spread sheet contains two columns of data that
represent
p uniaxial strain-stress data
– Highlight the two columns and copy them with ‘Ctrl-C’
– Return to the “Table of Properties Row 9: Uniaxial Test

Data” in the Engineering Data Cell
– Highlight the asterisk * at the bottom of the Uniaxial Test
Data Table and RMB>Paste to the insert data

The Table of Properties should now display the Uniaxial Test Data in
tabular form. The Chart should display of the data in graphical form.

• Repeat procedure for biaxial test data and shear test data using excel files
‘tension-eb.xls’ and ‘tension-pt.xls’ respectively.

• From the Toolbox, open the Hyperelasticity Folder and highlight “Yeoh 3rd
Order with RMB> Include Property.
– You should now see a Yeoh 3rd order cell in the Properties Dialogue box with
undefined constants; hence
hence, the question mark
mark.

• Execute “Solve Curve Fit”.

– Expand the Yeoh 3rd Order Cell
– Highlight the Curve Fitting Cell
RMB S l Curve
RMB>Solve C Fit

When complete, the Engineering Data Chart will display all three modes of
test data in dot-dash lines. Superimposed on this is the predicted Yeoh
behavior in solid lines for comparison.
Note: The Coefficients have been calculated, but no material model has been saved
to the Engineering
g g Data yet.
y This is by
y design.
g If you
y are not satisfied with the
resulting curve fit, you can try other functions, or perhaps suppress a less dominate
mode of loading and rerun the curve fitting routine for a better result.
• Change the
Ch h E Error N
Norm ffrom “N
“Normalized
li d Error”
E ” to “Absolute
“Ab l Error”
E ” and
d run
the curve fitting routine again.
– Recall the normalized error approach gives equal weight to all data points while the
absolute
abso ute e
error
o app
approach
oac g gives
es more
o e weight
e g t to larger
a ge st
strain
a values.
a ues
This results in a slightly improved curve fit at higher strain values.

• Once a successful curve fit is achieved

achieved, copy the data to the Engineering
properties
– Highlight “Curve Fitting” RMB> ”Copy Calculated Values to Property”
– The Yeoh coefficients are now copied to the Properties Table. Notice the “D”
parameters are all zero.
zero This is in keeping with the assumption that the material
will be fully incompressible if no volumetric strain data is read into the curve
fitter.
• From the Utility Menu:

– Click on “Refresh Project”
• Return to the Mechanical Session and

highlight the 3 bodies that make up this
part and change the default material
assignment from “Structural
Structural Steel
Steel” to
“Elastomer”

• Return
R t tto th
the M
Mechanical
h i l Session
S i and
d specify
if Analysis
A l i Settings
S tti as shown
h
below:
Turn on Auto Time Stepping
Specify enough substeps

to enhance convergence
Turn on Large Deflection
• Execute the Solve

• Model converges very nicely in less then 20 iterations

• Post process results (i.e. deformation, stress, strain,…etc).

• Select
S l t Vertex
V t as shown
h andd insert
i t User
U defined
d fi d results
lt to
t postt process
stress and strain along x direction
Vertex for user defined post processing
– Expression for x direction of stress is “SX”

– Expression for x direction of strain is “EPELX”
– Refer to documentation on PRNSOL command for syntax of user defined
results

• Add chart
h t ttooll and
d iinsertt EPELX and
d SX user d
defined
fi d results
lt as objects
bj t
for plotting stress vs strain as shown below.
Q Why
Q. y doesn’t this curve match up p exactly
y with the tensile test data curve?
A. The test data is engineering stress-strain, the results are post processed as true
stress-strain.
• Change the displacement load to 50mm and re-run the solution.

- Model still converges without trouble in 22 iterations, no bisections, even
though the loading is outside of the bounds of the original test data.

• Notice the dramatic stress stiffening effects at higher strain values, a

common characteristic of most elastomers.

• Return to E
R Engineering
i i data
d
– Insert a Response Function from the
toolbox
– Note that the Yeoh 3rd order model is
automatically suppressed
– Note also that the Response Function is

now the active material. The test data
previously read in is automatically
included under this material model, but
no curve fitting solution is required.

• Refresh the Project, return to Mechanical and rerun the Solution without
making any other changes. Notice the solution now fails to converge at
about 40% of the full load due to excessive element distortion
• Try
y adjust
j the time step
p range
g and executing
ga
restart.
- Solution still fails to converge.
• Reduce
R d the
h displacement
di l load
l d back
b k to 19mm,
19 reset the
h original
i i l time
i step
range and rerun solution.
- Solution now converges successfully to same results as Yeoh 3rd order model
- Response Function is useful for complex nonlinear elastomers that are hard to
curve fit, but is only effective for loading inside the test data range and typically
involves a longer run time as compared with the traditional strain energy functions.

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Customer Training Material

Hyperelastic Curve Fitting

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

… Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting Customer Training Material

• Loads and Boundary Conditions:

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

… Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

… Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting Customer Training Material

The project Schematic should look like the

– Highlight the Engineering Data Cell and open

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

… Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting Customer Training Material

• Click on ‘Return to Project’

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

… Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

… Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting Customer Training Material

• Preview the mesh:

The default mesh should be swept with hexahedral elements

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

… Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting Customer Training Material

– Change the name of the duplicated material

– Verify metric units are active

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

… Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting Customer Training Material

• With the Elastomer material highlighted, insert hyperelastic material test

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

… Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

… Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting Customer Training Material

• Read in material test data

– Return to the “Table of Properties Row 9: Uniaxial Test

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

… Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

… Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

… Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting Customer Training Material

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

… Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting Customer Training Material

• Execute “Solve Curve Fit”.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

… Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting Customer Training Material

… Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting Customer Training Material

This results in a slightly improved curve fit at higher strain values.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

… Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting Customer Training Material

• Once a successful curve fit is achieved

… Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting Customer Training Material

• From the Utility Menu:

• Return to the Mechanical Session and

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary Release 13.0

… Workshop 7A - Hyperelastic Curve Fitting Customer Training Material

Turn on Auto Time Stepping

Specify enough substeps

Turn on Large Deflection