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American Nurse Association (2015) defines nursing as “the protection, promotion,

and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury,


facilitation of healing, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and
treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families,
groups, communities, and populations.”
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The metaparadigm of nursing involves the person, health, environment and nursing.
These four components are the key areas of focus when it comes to patient care.
The first part of the metaparadigm of nurse theory is person that not only refers
to the patient himself or herself, but it also includes the patient’s family
members and friends, groups, communities, and populations. These social connections
and relationships provide strength, hope, and meaning to a person’s life that heals
them holistically.
The second component of the metaparadigm of nurse theory construction is health.
Health refers to the person’s well-being and access to healthcare. A person’s
health consists of physical, intellectual, emotional, psychological, and spiritual
wellness. A nurse nurtures the patient and empowers him or her to manage their own
health to the best of his or her abilities so that he or she may live in optimal
health (Grand Canyon University College of Nursing and Health Care Professions
Philosophy, 2016).
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The third element is the environment that includes everything around a person that
influence his or her illness as well as recovery. The environment is composed of
the variety of internal, external, as well as social factors such as physical and
mental state, financial state, geographic location, culture, religious
affiliations, social support, and personal relationships (Nurse Groups, n.d.). It
is very important for the patient to be in an environment that is contributory to
his or her holistic recuperation.
The final of the metaparadigm of nursing theory is nursing. Nursing refers to all
the specific skills that an individual must acquire to become a nurse including
medical knowledge, technical skills, critical thinking, leadership, communication,
teaching, physical agility, and practical nursing care. While applying these
skills, a nurse must show compassion for his or her patients. A lack of empathy for
patients will likely have a detrimental effect on the patients’ health and
recuperation.
All in all, all above aspects of the patients’ care should coexist in an individual
to become a complete nurse. A nurse can be sure that he or she is providing the
best care possible for the patient, if he or she combines these components and
treat the patient as whole rather than an illness or a body.

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