Shotabdir Citi

kZvãxi wPwV
gymv Avj nvwdR
kZvãxi wPwV ● 1
Ac©Y
MvRx •mq` eyinvb DÏxb in.
†M․o †Mvwe‡›ì nv‡Z knx` Zvui mšÍvb ¸jRv‡i Avjg in.
kZvãxi wPwV ● 2
MÖš’cm
Ö ‡½
kZvãxi wPwV bvgK iPbvwUi K‡qK ce© c‡owQjvg †dmez‡K|
m¤¢eZ 2017 mv‡j| ZLbB GKwU Avjv`v gvazh© UcKvw”Q‡jv
†jLvwU‡Z| Kwe, `vk©wbK gzmv Avj nwd‡Ri GB iPbv Avgvi †Pv‡L
wQ‡jv we‡kl wKQz | Zvu‡K evi evi Abz‡iva K‡iwQ, Ab¨me Kv‡Ri wf‡o
GB iPbv †hb Ae‡nwjZ bv nq| G‡K c‚Y©Zv w`‡q eB AvKv‡i †hb wb‡q
Avmv nq| wej¤^ nw”Q‡jv| wKš‘ Ae‡k‡l Zv eB AvKv‡i G‡m‡Q| GUv
LzeB Avb‡›ì welq|
KviY Avgvi Kv‡Q, G eB Ab¨ `kwU eB‡qi g‡Zv wbQK †Kv‡bv

eB bq| †jLK-¯^qs GKB K_v e‡j‡Qb| Zvi fvlvq- ÔG wbQK †Kv‡bv
MÖš’ bq| evsjv‡`‡ki †h AZxZ nvwi‡q †M‡Q, †h AZxZ nviv‡bvi d‡j
Avgiv wb‡R‡ì wPb‡Z cvwi bv, †h AZxZ‡K ezwSwb e‡j AvR‡Ki
m¼U‡KI ezS‡Z cvwi bv, G wPwV †m AZx‡Zi `v¯Ívb|Õ
GZGe Avgiv eBwUi cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ bv w`‡q cvwi bv| m…wókxj

†jLK‡ì cÖwZwU eB ¸iæ‡Z¡i `vwe iv‡L| Z‡e wKQz eB Avjv`v Av‡e`b
wb‡q Avgv‡ì †PZbvq bvov †`q| KviY †m eB¸‡jv Avgv‡ì mg…×
K‡i Zzjbvg‚jKfv‡e †ewk|
gzmv Avj nvwd‡Ri eB Avgv‡ì Rb¨ mg…w×i evZ©v enb K‡i|

Zvi iPbvq Avgv‡ì nviv‡bv AvZ¥cwiPq wn‡ii UzK‡ivi g‡Zv R¡jR¡j
Ki‡Z _v‡K| G avivi †hme iPbv wZwb Avgv‡ì Dcnvi w`‡q‡Qb,
Avgvi g‡Z, kZvãxi wPwV Gi g‡a¨ †miv| G‡K wZwb BwZnvm eY©bvi
Rb¨ wj‡Lbwb| BwZnvm e`jv‡bvi Rb¨ wj‡L‡Qb|
G K_v mZ¨ †h, BwZnvm e`jv‡bv hvq bv| Zvn‡j GKwU eB

Kxfv‡e BwZnvm e`jvevi KvR K‡i? G cÖ‡kœ Reve m¤¢eZ, Gfv‡e †`qv
hvq †h, GKwU RvwZi BwZnvm hLb civR‡qi I Aebg‡bi c‡_ avweZ
kZvãxi wPwV ● 3
nq, ZLb wKQz †jL‡Ki Kjg MwZcwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ mwµq nq| RvZxq
BwZnvm †_‡K Zviv Lzu‡R †ei K‡ib Pjgvb m¼‡Ui aviv I PwiÎ|
BwZnvm †_‡K Zviv wb‡q Av‡mb `wjjcÎ| Zv‡ì nv‡Z ZLb iwPZ nq
KvjRqx wKQz eB| Gme eB‡q AZx‡Zi D‡jL _vK‡jI eZ©gv‡bi
m¼U I KiYxq BZ¨vw` †mLv‡b bv e‡jB e‡j †`qv nq| †m me
HwZnvwmK iPbv civR‡qi avivi wecwi‡Z weR‡qi avivq RvwZ‡K
c_cÖ`k©b K‡i| G eB¸‡jv Avm‡j BwZnvm eY©bvi eB bq, BwZnvm
e`jv‡bvi eB|
HwZnvwmK gzmv Avj nvwdR evsjv‡`‡k gzmwjg RvwZmËvi

†hme mgm¨v, †m¸‡jvi ¯îƒc ezSv‡Z Pvb, G·‡i Ki‡Z Pvb|
†cÖmwµckb w`‡Z Pvb| G Rb¨ wZwb G‡`‡ki BwZnv‡mi PZz`k& © kZK
I Gi mgmvgwqK NUbvPµ‡K †e‡Q wb‡q‡Qb| hLb gzmwjg RvwZmËv
fqven wech©‡q c‡owQ‡jv G‡`‡k| G wech©‡qi fqvenZv GZvB wQ‡jv
†h,Gi †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j G †`‡k gzmwjg‡ì Aw¯ÍZ¡ Avi
_vK‡Zv bv| †mB msKU †Kb G‡mwQ‡jv? Kxfv‡e G‡mwQ‡jv? Kv‡ì
gva¨‡g G‡mwQ‡jv? msK‡Ui aiY I cÖK…wZ †Kgb wQ‡jv? msK‡Ui
ewn:cÖKvk I djvdj †Kgb wQ‡jv? - BZ¨vwì weeiY wZwb Ggbfv‡e
w`‡q‡Qb, hvi g‡a¨ eZ©gv‡bi Qwe †`Lv hvq| d‡j eBwU‡K g‡b nq
GKwU Pjgvb cÖwZ‡e`b|
G msK‡Ui †gvKv‡ejvq fzwgKv †i‡LwQ‡jb gzmwjg eû gbxlx|

Zv‡ì †bZ…Z¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb gnvb gzRvwÏ` bzi KzZezj Avjg| GKw`‡K bzi
KzZezj Avjg, Aciw`‡K ivRv M‡Yk| jovB Avi jovB| cÖKvk¨-
‡Mvcb Kvh©µg| GKw`‡K Pig civRq, Aciw`‡K cig weRq| exiZ¡,
K‚U‡K․kj, cÖZviYv, Awfhvb, Kvbœv, nvwm, AvZ¥Z¨vM| G‡Ki ci GK
`…k¨ mvg‡b Avm‡Z _v‡K| NUbvi NbNUvq _v‡K w_Öj| †QvU-eo eû
Pwi‡Îi mgvnvi| G‡Kev‡i Dcb¨v‡mi g‡Zv|
me wKQzi †K‡›`Ö bzi KzZzezj Avjg| wZwb Ggb GK gzRvwÏ`,

whwb AvR‡Ki evsjvq AcwiwPZ g‡b n‡jI wZwb AcwiwPZ bb| †MvUv
fvi‡Zi wZwb wQ‡jb †bZ…cziæl| Zvi Rxebe…ËvšÍ wj‡L‡Qb w`wji
kZvãxi wPwV ● 4
Ave`zj nK gznvwÏ‡m †`njfx in, Zvi †hvM¨Zvq we¯§q cÖKvk K‡ib
wbRvg DÏxb AvIwjqv in.| Zvi ms¯‥vi I msMÖv‡g †cÖiYv cvb ¯^qs
kvn Iqvwj Djvn gznvwÏ‡m †`njwf in.!
Zvi mgqUv wQ‡jv LzeB fqven| ZLb RvwZMZfv‡e ZLb

evOvwj gzmjgvb civwRZ|ivRv M‡Y‡ki nv‡Z gzmwjg RvwZmËv
D‡”Q‡ì me Av‡qvRbB n‡q hvq m¤úbœ | †m cwiw¯’wZ‡K †gvKv‡ejv
K‡i GB RvwZmËv Kxfv‡e wb‡R‡K evuwP‡q ivL‡jv? †mB msMÖv‡gi Kx
BwZe…Ë? †mB BwZe…‡Ëi mv‡_ AvR‡Ki †Kv‡bv †hvMm‚Î Av‡Q wK-bv,
weÁ †jLK †mme welq LwZ‡q †`‡L‡Qb eBU‡Z| wb‡R‡ì HwZnvwmK
AwfÁZvi gkvj‡K nv‡Z wb‡q AvR‡Ki m¼U DRv‡Z w`kvcÖ`k©b
K‡i‡Qb| evOvwj I evsjv‡`‡ki †h HwZnvwmK ce©‡K `vdb Kiv n‡q‡Q
LzeB wbi‡e| `vdb Kiv †mB HwZn¨ D×v‡ii †Póvi bvg kZvãxi wPwV|
eBwU m¤ú‡K© L¨vwZgvb M‡elK cÖ‡dmi W. wiRvDj Bmjv‡gi

g‚j¨vqb h_v_©| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb - Ô1492 mv‡j D›`zjzwmqvq gzmwjg
mf¨Zvi †h Kei iwPZ nq, †m Kei evsjv‡`‡k iwPZ n‡qwQ‡jv 1410-
1414 mv‡j| Kei †Kb iwPZ nq? Kxfv‡e iwPZ nq? Kx wQ‡jv Gi
gg©g‚‡j? †m Kei †_‡K D›`zjzwmqv †R‡M DV‡Z cv‡iwb, evsjv‡`k
†c‡iwQ‡jv| †Kb †c‡iwQ‡jv? Kxfv‡e †c‡iwQ‡jv? Kv‡ì gva¨‡g
†c‡iwQ‡jv? - Gme cÖm½ evsjvi gzmwjg BwZnvm I ÁvbZ‡Ë¡ Kg
Av‡jvwPZ|
evOvwj gzmwj‡gi ezw×e…wËK, mvs¯‥…wZK I ivR‣bwZK
AwfÁv‡bi †Mvovq _vKvi K_v wQ‡jv †h HwZwn¨K ZË¡, †m ZË¡ •Zix
K‡i w`‡hwQ‡jv 1410-1414 mv‡ji evsjv‡`k| †mB nviv‡bv mZ¨‡K
†Lvu‡R †cjvg wè¨`…wóm¤úbœ HwZnvwmK gzmv Avj nvwd‡Ri kZvãxi
wPwV MÖ‡š’| †jLK GKwU eB‡q Pjgvb ezw×e…wËK AvenvIqvi wecwi‡Z
GKwU cÖwZwPšÍv, cÖwZZË¡, cÖwZBwZnvm I cÖwZg‚j¨‡eva Dc¯’vcb
K‡i‡Qb| †hLvb †_‡K c_ †c‡Z cv‡i evsjv‡`k, evOvwj gzmjgvb|
kZvãxi wPwV evsjv I evOvwji GKwU wb‡LvuR cÖwZ‡e`b| GB
cÖwZ‡e`‡bi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Avcb Aw¯Í‡Z¡i †Mvcb m‚Î| cz‡iv eBwU GKwU
wPwV| bzi KzZezj Avj‡gi cÖwZ †jLv| GB wPwVi Iwmjvq ZLbKvi
kZvãxi wPwV ● 5
†MvUv evsjvi Rxeb, mgvR, ms¯‥…wZ, ivRbxwZ, A_©bxwZ, BwZnv‡mi
cwiµgvq G‡Kev‡i Avqbvi g‡Zv fvm‡Z _v‡K| eBwU BwZnv‡mi QvÎ-
wk¶K, M‡el‡Ki Rb¨ †hgb mnvqK, †Zgwb mvaviY cvV‡Ki Rb¨
¯^v‡`, gvaz‡h© Dcv‡`q GK cvV¨|
dR‡j Gjvnx gvgzb

†nW Ae wWcvU©‡g›U
BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, wjwWs BDwbfvwm©wU,
wm‡jU
kZvãxi wPwV ● 6
GK
Avcbvi †mB wPwVi K_v g‡b co‡Q| eû kZ‡Ki `~iZ¡ †_‡K
Avgvi ü`q‡K cvwV‡q w`‡qwQ Avcbvi †mB c‡Îi cv‡k|
gyw³Kvgbv Avi e¨_v, nvnvKvi Avi Av¸b, cÖZ¨vkv Avi fxwZ,
cÖZ¨q Avi cÖv_©bv wQ‡jv Avcbvi cÖwZwU ni‡d| †h iv‡Z wPwV
wj‡Lb, AvKv‡k j¶-†KvwU Zviv Pg‡K D‡VwQ‡jv? wkD‡i
D‡VwQ‡jv evZv‡mi ü`q? †_‡g wM‡qwQ‡jv mg‡qi k¦vm-cÖk¦vm?
Avcbvi GKwU wPwV BwZnv‡mi MwZ w`‡qwQ‡jv e`‡j| GB
AvKv‡ki w`‡K DwÌZ wgbvi, GB gv_vq m‡d` Uzwc w`‡q iv¯Ívq
†b‡g Avmv †fvi, GB Kv`vgvLv c_ w`‡q GwM‡q Pjv g³‡ei †g‡q
wKsev GB ¯^vaxb cÙvi †XD, hgybvi gy³ PiÑmK‡jB ¯^Kxq
Aw¯Í‡Z¡i cÖ‡qvR‡b ZvwK‡qwQ‡jv Avcbvi Kj‡gi w`‡K| Kx wjL‡Q
Kjg!
Kx wj‡LwQ‡jv Kjg †mB iv‡Z? cvÐzqvi †mB †R¨vrmœvR¡jv
iv‡ZÑhLb evsjvi fvM¨ iPbv KiwQ‡jv ivRv M‡Yk bvivq‡Yi
fqvj wÎk~j|
Avcwb, byi KzZzeyj Avjg, †Kvb mvnm Avi kw³‡Z n‡q
D‡VwQ‡jb evsjvi †kl AvkÖq? Avcbvi †Zv weË ej‡Z wKQyB
wQ‡jv bv| wQ‡jv bv †Kv‡bv jkKi-†mbvevwnbx| wQ‡jv bv †Kv‡bv
ivRKxq cÖ¯‘wZ| wKš‘ Avcwb cÖwZev`x n‡jb| cÖej civµvšÍ
`Lj`v‡ii weiæ‡× n‡q DV‡jb cÖwZ‡iva| Zydv‡bi wecix‡Z Ggb
wbtm½ jovB evi evi †`‡Lwb BwZnvm| Avcwb ùvwo‡qwQ‡jb
BwZnv‡mi GKwU avivq, PvBwQ‡jb evsjv I evOvwji gvbe‡cÖ‡gi
HwZn¨ Avi ZvIwnw` Rxebm‡Zï msiÿY, ivRv M‡bk nuvUwQ‡jb
wecixZ Av‡iK avivq, PvBwQ‡jb gymwjgwenxb evsjv| mv¤úª`vwqK
wbg©gZvi nvZ w`‡q wjLwQ‡jb i³ I webv‡ki `v¯Ívb |
kZvãxi wPwV ● 7
ivRv PvBwQ‡jb evsjvi BwZnvm‡K wb‡q hv‡eb †cQ‡bi
w`‡K| Avh©‡ì `ytkvm‡bi ivZ wdwi‡q G‡bwQ‡jb wZwb| wdwi‡q
G‡bwQ‡jb •ew`K ms¯‥…wZ| Avh©kvmb G‡bwQ‡jv gvby‡li `yM©wZ|
RvZcv‡Zi eY©ev` Avi †kÖYxMZ •elg¨| i³m~‡Î eªvþY‡kÖYx n‡q
I‡V meai‡bi myweav‡fvMx| kvmKiv gvby‡li RvqMvq _v‡K bv,
n‡q I‡V gvby‡li †èZv|
GKv`k kZ‡Ki wØZxqva© †_‡K 1203 mvj Aewa †mb kvm‡b
wQ‡jv GB †`k| †mb ivRv‡ì c~e©cyiæliv G‡mwQ‡jb fvi‡Zi
`vwÿYv‡Zï KY©vUK †_‡K| Zuviv G †`‡k m„wó K‡ib wns¯ªZvi
ivRZ¡| eû Av‡M, 637 mv‡j ¸ßeskxq ivRv kkv‡¼i g„Zyï c‡i
G †`‡k m~wPZ n‡qwQ‡jv GK fqven AivRKZv| 113 eQi a‡i hv
wQ‡jv Ae¨vnZ| GB AivRKZvi kvmb‡K ejv n‡Zv gvrmvb¨vq,
†evqvj gv‡Qi ivRZ¡| 750 mv‡j Zv nq AewmZ| †mb ivRviv
AivRKZv‡K wdwi‡q Av‡bb AveviI| †evqvj gv‡Qi kvmb gv‡bB
Ô†Rvi hvi gyjøyK ZviÕ| wbqg †bB, wePvi †bB| hvi ùvZ hZ
aviv‡jv, †Pvqvj hZ gReyZ, Mv‡q hZ ej, cÖfyZ¡ Zvi, ivRZ¡
Zvi| †m hv B‡”Q ZvB Ki‡e| hv‡K B‡”Q Zv‡K ai‡e, gvi‡e,
UzK‡iv UzK‡iv K‡i †dj‡e| Lv‡e| GgbB PjwQ‡jv Pviw`‡K|
•ew`K ms¯‥…wZ I †mb ivR‡Z¡ GB †`k, GB Rbc` †evqvj gv‡Qi
†Pvqv‡j KvZivw”Q‡jv|
wb¤œ‡kÖYxi †KvwU †KvwU gvbyl eva¨ nq nxbZi I †nqZi Rxeb
hvc‡b| me‡P‡q †ewk wec` Av‡m evsjvfvlx‡ì Ici| •ew`K
†mbiv GB me Rbc`‡K kvmb K‡i‡Q, wKš‘ fv‡jvev‡mwb| KviY,
G †`‡ki †Kv‡bvB m¤§vb wQ‡jv bv gbymswnZvq| †mLv‡b eis Av‡Q
ÔZx_©hvÎv Qvov G †`‡k G‡j cÖvqwðË Ki‡Z n‡e|Õ eªvþYëv`x
Fwliv GB Rbc‡ì mšÍvb‡ì gvbyl ej‡Z AcviM wQ‡jv| Zviv
Zv‡ì ej‡Zv `vm, `my¨, mc©| ej‡Zv Amyi, wckvP, cÿxRvZ|
ag©MÖ‡š’i DØ„wZ w`‡q †èZvi fvlvq Zv‡ì‡K †èZvi kÎæ e‡j
AwfwnZ Ki‡Zv| ej‡Zv, Iiv n‡jv ivÿm, †¤ø”Q BZ¨vw`| Zv‡ì
kZvãxi wPwV ● 8
i³ Siv‡bv‡Z wQ‡jv †M․ie| Zv‡ì D‡”Q` I Acgv‡b wQ‡jv
†èZvi Zzwó| Zv‡ì nZ¨v I wbg~©j wQ‡jv ag©vPv‡ii g‡Zv| G
f~wgi mšÍvbiv f‡q f‡q _vK‡Zv, jywK‡q jywK‡q _vK‡Zv|
wKš‘ jywK‡q _vKv mnR wQ‡jv bv| KviY Zviv K_v ej‡Zv
evsjvq| Avi evsjv‡K N„Yv Ki‡Zv Avh©iv| †mb‡ì ivRfvlv wQ‡jv
ms¯‥…Z| evsjvi PP©v wQ‡jv wbwl×| evsjvfvlx‡ì Avkxe©v`MÖnY‡KI
kv¯¿g‡Z wbwl× Kiv nq| Zvw”Qj¨ K‡i ejv nqÑ
ÔAvkxev©`s b M„nxqvr c~e©e½ wbevwmbt
kZvqywiwZ e³‡e¨ nZvqye©`wZ hZtÕ
A_© n‡”Q, c~e©e‡½i †jvK‡ì Avkxe©v` MÖnY K‡iv bv| KviY
Zviv kZvqy ej‡Z wM‡q nZvqy e‡j e‡m| HZ‡iq AviY¨‡K evsjv
fvlv‡K BZi fvlv wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bv nq| cvwLi fvlvi g‡Zv `y‡ev©a¨
e‡j G‡K AvL¨v †`qv nq| Avh©‡ì `„wó‡Z evsjv fvlv AšÍ¨R
wQ‡jv e‡jB ï`ª‡ì Rb¨ eiv× Kiv nq G fvlvi cuvPvwj| ms¯‥…Z
fvlvq iwPZ cyivY cv‡Vi AwaKvi Zv‡ì †bB| cÖPvi Kiv n‡Zv
kv¯¿xq wb‡lavÁvÑ
Ôcyivb cwo‡Z bvB ï‡`ªi AwaKvi
cuvPvwj cwoqv Ze G fe msmviÕ
evsjv fvlv Zv‡ì †Pv‡L G‡ZvB †nq wQ‡jv †h, G fvlvq
AvVv‡ivwU cyivb wKsev iv‡gi Rxebx cvV Ki‡j, ïb‡j wbwðZ
n‡Zv biK| evsjvfvlx‡ì Rb¨ eiv× bi‡Ki bvg wQ‡jv †i․ie|
Ph©vPh© wewbð‡q Av‡Q Gi fvl¨Ñ
ÔAóv`k cyivYvwb ivgm¨ PwiZvwbP|
fvlvqvs gvbet kÖæZ¡v †i․ies biKs eª‡RrÕ
A_©vr AvVv‡ivwU cyivY Avi iv‡gi RxebPwiZ †`kxq fvlvq
ïb‡j †i․ie bvgK bi‡K †h‡Z n‡e| bi‡K kvw¯Íi Rb¨ evOvwj‡ì
†i․i‡e hvIqv jvM‡Zv bv| G †`kB Zv‡ì Rb¨ n‡q D‡VwQ‡jv
biK|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 9
ivRmfvq Avì †c‡Zb ms¯‥…‡Zi cwÐZ I Kweiv| G †`‡k
cÖavb cwÐZ ZLb njvq~a| jÿY †m‡bi cÖavbgš¿x wQ‡jb wZwb|
cÖfvekvjx eyw×Rxex wQ‡jb cy‡ivlZg, cïcwZ, ClvY cÖgyL| Zuviv
evsjv‡K Ki‡Zb N„Yv, Gi weiæ‡× †`Lv‡Zb cvwÐZ¨| G †`‡k
cÖavb Kwe ZLb †avqv, kiY, †Mvea©b, DgvcwZ cÖgyL| Zuviv evsjv
fvlvq KweZv wjL‡Zb bv| wjL‡Zb ms¯‥…‡Z| KweZvi Q‡Î Q‡Î
_vK‡Zv evsjvi cÖwZ we‡Øl I Zvw”Qj¨| wn›`y MY¯Í‡i Gi cÖfve
c‡o| evsjv fvlv I ms¯‥…wZi cÖwZ N„Yv I Zvw”Qj¨ Qwo‡q c‡o
Z…Yg~‡j| mybxwZ Kzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vq m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e cÖgvY K‡i‡Qb,
Avh©‡ì c`vbZ GB f~L‡Ði ZrKvjxb Awaevmxiv Zv‡ì gy‡Li
fvlv fz‡j †h‡Z eva¨ nq|
evsjvi †miv mšÍvbiv G †`‡k _vK‡Z cvi‡Zb bv| Zuviv
wQ‡jb †e․×, K_v ej‡Zb evsjvq| Zuv‡ì cvjv‡Z n‡Zv| cÖvY
euvPv‡Z Zuviv †h‡Zb evg©vq, wZeŸ‡Z, †bcv‡j| wbe©vwmZ n‡qI
Zviv iÿv Ki‡Zb G gvwUi ms¯‥…wZ, fvlv, mvwnZ¨| GiB d‡j
†bcv‡j cvIqv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q evsjv mvwn‡Zï Avw`wb`k©b| Ph©vc`|
G †`‡k h‡Zv wb`k©b _vKvi K_v, †Kv‡bv wKQzB _v‡Kwb| _vK‡Z
†`qv nqwb| evsjv fvlvq wjL‡j nvZ wbivc` wQ‡jv bv| ej‡j
wbivc` wQ‡jv bv wRnŸv| Avh©‡ì nv‡Z evsjv fvlv I e½xq Rxe‡b
†b‡g G‡jv g„Zz¨`kv| A‡bK AvM †_‡KB evsjvi AvZ©bv`
D”PvwiZ nw”Q‡jv jyBcv‡ì g‡Zv Kwe‡ì K‡ÉÑÔ`y‡L‡Z wbwPZ gwi
mB|Õ Avi ZLbB...
ZLbB cÖZvckvjx ivRv jÿY †m‡bi `ytkvm‡bi gv_v ¸wo‡q
w`‡jb e½weRqx exi eLwZqvi wLjwR| 1203 gZvšÍ‡i 1204
mv‡j Zuvi e½R‡qi d‡j Aemvb N‡U Avh©kvm‡bi, eªvþYëv`x
`y‡h©v‡Mi| GK †duvUv i³I G Rb¨ S‡iwb G †`‡k| m~wPZ nq
bZzb w`b| i³ I †kÖYxMZ eY©ev‡ì civRq n‡jv| †NvwlZ n‡jv
mvg¨ I gvbeZvi RqevZ©v| Bmjv‡gi GKZ¡ev`, †mevawg©Zv, mKj
gvby‡li cÖwZ `vwqZ¡ I Kj¨vYKvwgZv G‡`‡ki gvbyl‡K we‡klfv‡e
kZvãxi wPwV ● 10
K‡i AvKwl©Z| Bmjv‡gi cÖPviKiv gvbe‡cÖg I gvbegh©v`vi evYx
wb‡q bZzb D`¨‡g Qwo‡q co‡jb Pviw`‡K| G evYx eûKvj a‡i
ï‡b AvmwQ‡jv GB gvwU, GB gvbyl| G evYx wb‡q 617 mv‡j
G‡mwQ‡jb gnvb mvnvwe Avey Iqv°vm, gvwjK Be‡b Inve, Kv‡qm
Be‡b ûRvBdv, DiIqv Bebyj AvQvQv, Avey Kvqm Bebyj nvwim
iv.| 646 mv‡j G‡mwQ‡jb gnvb Zv‡ewq gynv¤§` gvgyb I gynv¤§`
†gvnvBwgb in.| 874 mv‡j G‡mwQ‡jb gnvb AvIwjqv ev‡qwR`
†ev¯Ívwg, gvngy` gvwn mIqvi, eì kvn in.| G †`‡ki gvby‡li
Kv‡Q Bmjv‡gi evYx ZLb bZzb wKQz bq| Zviv kZ kZ eQi a‡i
Bmjv‡gi RxešÍ iƒc †`‡L Avm‡Q cÖPviK‡ì Rxe‡b| DËg Pwi‡Î
gvbyl †`L‡Z cvq Bmjvg‡K| gvnvZ¥¨, gnr AvPvi-AvPiY I
gvbeZvi Rb¨ Zuv‡ì AvZ¥wb‡e`‡b RbMY ey‡S †bq Bmjv‡gi
Kj¨vYx f~wgKv| Zv‡ì ü`‡qi `‡ivRv †Lv‡j †`q Bmjv‡gi Rb¨|
eLwZqvi wLjwR hLb webvhy‡× G †`k Rq K‡ib, ZLb
Bmjvg †Kv‡bv ewnivMZ ag© bq GLv‡b| kZ kZ eQi a‡i GB
Av‡jv, GB evqy, GB b`x I wen‡½i g‡ZvB Bmjvg RbM‡Yi
AvZ¥xq I cÖwZ‡ekx| MYg‡b Bmjvg AvM †_‡KB weR‡qi Rwg
•Zwi K‡i †i‡LwQ‡jv| eLwZqv‡ii Rq ZvB AvKw¯§K wKQz wQ‡jv
bv| Bmjv‡gi cÖPviK mywd-ì‡ekiv GB gvwU I gvbyl‡K w`‡Zb
fv‡jvevmv| evsjv fvlv I ms¯‥…wZ‡K Rvbv‡Zb m¤§vb| wb‡R‡ì
fvlv cwinvi K‡i wkL‡Zb evsjv fvlv| K_v ej‡Zb evsjvq|
wbevm M‡o wb‡Zb GLv‡b| n‡q †h‡Zb evOvwj|
mvaK-ì‡ek‡ì Kg©cš’vB Aej¤^b Ki‡jb gymwjg
kvmKMY| Zviv GB †`k I RbMY‡K K‡i wb‡jb Avcb, w`‡jb
†mev, fv‡jvevmv, kÖ×v| Zuviv wewfbœ Rbc‡` wef³ evsjv‡K
Ki‡jb GKwÎZ| e½, nwi‡Kj, P›`ªØxc, mgZU, ev½vj, cÖÐªy,
e‡i›`ªx, ivp, my®§, eRªf~wg, Zv¤ªwjwc, †M․o cÖf…wZ Rbc`‡K
cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv GKwÎZ K‡i M‡o †Zv‡jb HKë× evsjv|
kkv¼, cvj I †mb ivRviv evsjvi mKj Rbc`‡K GKwÎZ Ki‡Z
kZvãxi wPwV ● 11
†P‡qwQ‡jb †M․o bv‡g| Zuviv †m D‡`¨vM †bb ÔAeÁv I
AbvìÕmn Ges e¨_© nb| wKš‘ KvRwU m¤úbœ nq gymwjg kvmK‡ì
nv‡Z| ZuvivB wQ‡jb evsjv bv‡gi †`‡ki iƒcKvi I cÖwZôvZv|
HKë× evsjvi ¯’cwZ| Zuv‡ì cÖwZwôZ †mB evsjv †_‡KB
AvR‡Ki evsjv‡`k|
myfvl gy‡Lvcva¨vq Zuvi weL¨vZ ÔevOvwji BwZnvmÕ-G wVKB
wj‡L‡QbÑÔ†M․o bv‡g evsjvi mg¯Í Rbc`‡K HKë× Kivi †h
†Póv kkv¼, cvj I †mb ivRviv K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv‡Z KvR n‡jv bv|
†h e½ wQ‡jv Avh© mf¨Zv I ms¯‥…wZi w`K †_‡K N„wYZ I AeÁvZ,
hv wQ‡jv cvj I †mb‡ì Avg‡j Kg †M․i‡ei I Av`‡iiÑ†mB e½
bv‡g †kl ch©šÍ Z_vKw_Z cvVvb Avg‡j evsjvi mg¯Í Rbc`
HKë× n‡jv| AvKe‡ii Avg‡j †MvUv evsjv‡`k myev evsjv e‡j
cwiwPZ n‡jv| Bs‡i‡Ri Avg‡j evsjv bvg c~Y©Zi cwiPq I
cÖwZôv jvf K‡i‡Q|Õ
ag©xq Z‡Ë¡i M`¨-c`¨ wgwkÖZ P¤úyKve¨ k~b¨cyivY n‡”Q evsjv
fvlvq iwPZ Ab¨Zg Avw`MÖš’| Gi †jLK ivgvB cwÐZ wQ‡jb
Î‡qv`k kZ‡Ki Kwe, evsjvi Avw`gZg Dcvm¨‡èZv ag© VvKz‡ii
†mev‡qZ| k~b¨cyiv‡Y wZwb gymwjg weRq‡K Bk¦‡ii Avkxe©v` e‡j
eY©bv K‡ib| Zuvi ÔwbiÄ‡bi iæ®§vÕ KweZvq •ew`K eªvþY‡ì
AZ¨vPv‡ii Kvwnwb Ges †`kevmxi wecbœ AmnvqZvi weeiY
w`‡q‡Qb| Zuvi fvlvqÑÔRvRcyi cyievw`/ †mvj kZ¨ iNy †e`x/ †e`x
bq KíG b¸Y|/ `wÿY¨v gvwM‡Z hvq/ Rvi N‡i bvwT cvq/ kvc
wÀv †cvovq fzeb|/ gvj`‡n jv‡M Ki/ bv wP‡b Avcb Ni/ Rv‡ji
bvwnK w`k cvk/ ewjô nBqv eo/ `k wek •nq¨v Ro/ m×g©x‡i
KiG webvk|/ †e‡` Kwi D”PviY/ †ei¨vA AwMœ N‡b Nb/ †`wLqv
mfvq K¤úgvb/ g‡bZ cvBAv gg© /m‡f †ev‡j iva ag©/ †Zvgv we‡b
†K K‡i cwiÎvY/ GBiƒ‡c wØRMY/ K‡i wQwó msniY/ B eo nBj
AwePvi|Õ
kZvãxi wPwV ● 12
Dwol¨vq †lvj k Ni •ew`K eªvþY wQj| e½‡`k wQj Zv‡ì
jv‡LivR K‡jvwb| Kv‡b •cZv Rwo‡q Zviv G †`‡k `wÿYv Av`vq
K‡i wdiZ| `vweg‡Z †gvUv `wÿYv w`‡Z †KD A¯^xKvi Ki‡j µz×
n‡q Zviv Zvi me©bvk mvab KiZ| gvj`n Kv‡Q wQj e‡j †mLv‡b
cÖwZ N‡i Zviv Ki wbw`©ó K‡i w`‡qwQj| G Ki wba©vi‡Yi e¨vcv‡i
†Kv‡bviƒc evQ-wePvi Zv‡ì wQj bv| G Qvov bvbviƒc Rvj-
RyqvPzwii †Zv AšÍB wQj bv| Gfv‡e eªvþYiv cÖf‚Z ÿgZvi
AwaKvix n‡jv| `j †eu‡a Zviv evsjvi †e․× RbmvaviY‡K webvk
Ki‡Z jvMj| K_vq K_vq Zviv †e`gš¿ AvIovZ| hLb ZLb
Zv‡ì gyL w`‡q †hb Awfkv‡ci Av¸b Si‡Z _vKZ| Zv‡ì iæ`ª
†iv‡li f‡q †`‡ki RbmvaviY m`v K¤úgvb wQj| Zviv Amnv‡qi
mnvq cÖfz wbiÄ‡bi Kv‡Q †Ku‡` †Ku‡` cÖv_©bv RvbvZÑÔ†n ag© VvKzi,
iÿv K‡iv! Zzwg Qvov †K Avgv‡ì G AgvbywlK AZ¨vPvi †_‡K
euvPv‡e?Õ
wbh©vwZ‡Zi GB AvZ©bv` wed‡j †M‡jv bv| Ô•eKz‡É _vwKqv
ag©/ g‡bZ cvBAv gg©/ gvqvZ •nj AÜKvi|Õ wPiKv‡ji ag©VvKzi
•eKz‡É e‡m eªvþY‡ì G cvkweK AZ¨vPv‡i e¨w_Z n‡jb|
DrcxwoZ f³‡ì gg©we`vix cÖv_©bvq wZwb `qv`ª© n‡jb| AZGe
wZwb Ôag© •njv hebiƒcx/ gv_v‡qZ KvjUzwc/ nv‡Z †kv‡f wÎKP
Kvgvb/ Pvwcqv DËg nG/ wÎf~eb jv‡M fG/ †Lv`vG ewjqv GK
bvg|Õ gv_vq Kv‡jv Uzwc c‡i, nv‡Z Zxi abyK wb‡q DËg †Nvovq
P‡o Avjøvû AvKevi aŸwb Zz‡j wÎf~eb Kuvwc‡q gymjgvbiƒ‡c f‡³i
gyw³i Rb¨ Avwef~©Z n‡jb| wZwb G‡m e`‡j w`‡jb AZ¨vPvix‡ì
ag©ixwZ I wbqg-ms¯‥…wZ| ÔwbiÄb wbivKvi/ •njv †f¯Í AeZvi/
gy‡LZ ejG `¤^`vi/ R‡ZK †èZvMY/ m‡f •njv GKgb/
Avb‡›`‡Z cwijv BRvi|Õ mvKvi cÖfy‡ì e`‡j wbivKvi wbiÄb
n‡jv| AeZviiv me †e‡nk‡Zi evwm›`v n‡jv| hZ †èZv wQ‡jv,
mevB gnvb‡›` gymjgvb‡ì BRvi cwiavb Ki‡jv| ïay ZvB bq,
ÔdwKi nBjv R_ gywY/ †ZwRAv Avcb †fK/ bvi` nq¨v †kK/
kZvãxi wPwV ● 13
cyi›ì nq¨v gjvbv/ P›`ª-m~h© Avw` †`‡e/ c`vwZK nq¨v †m‡e/ m‡f
wg‡j evRvG evRbv|Õ hZ gywY-Flx, Zuviv n‡jb dwKi| bvi`
e`‡j w`‡jb Zuvi †ek-f~lv| Aej¤^b Ki‡jb †kK ev kvq‡Li
c_| cyi›ì n‡jb gvIjvbv| P›`ª-m~h© BZ¨vw` †è-†èxiv †èZ¡
nvwi‡q c`vwZK †m‡R evRbv evwR‡q cxi-gvIjvbv‡ì †mev ïiæ
Ki‡jb|
eªvþY¨kvm‡bi Aemv‡bi Avb›` ivgvB cwÐ‡Zi K‡É Ges
weRqx n‡q gymwjg‡ì cÖ‡ek‡K wZwb e¨³ K‡i‡Qb †èZvi cÖ‡ek
e‡j| Zuvi fvlvqÑÔR‡_K †èZvMY/ m‡f nq¨v GKgb/ cÖ‡ek
Kwij RvRcyi|Õ weRqx gymwjg †èZviv GKB gb-gvbwmKZv wb‡q
RvRcy‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡jb|
gymwjg weR‡q evOvwj Kwei G‡Zv D”Q¡vm! gymwjg‡ì cÖwZ
G‡Zv kÖ×v! cÖvgvY¨ BwZnvm e‡j, G D”Q¡vm I kÖ×v Kwei GKvi
wQ‡jv bv| G wQ‡jv cy‡iv evsjvi DrcxwoZ gvby‡li g‡bi fvlv|
gymwjg weRq G †`‡ki RbMY‡K w`‡qwQ‡jv k„•Ljgyw³i
¯^v`| gbyev‡ì `ytmn •elg¨ I AaxbZv †_‡K ¯^vwaKv‡ii Avb›`|
Aa¨ÿ gyn¤§` Ave`yj nvB wVKB a‡i‡QbÑÔbe¨ eªvþY¨ a‡g©i
DÌv‡bi hy‡M †mKv‡ji †e․× I wb¤œe‡Y©i wn›`yiv †h DrcxwoZ
nBqvwQ‡jv, G †`‡ki mvwn‡Z¨ Zvnvi h‡_ó cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| GB
wbcxwoZ gvbeZvi wbKU Bmjvg AvwmqvwQ‡jv weavZvi Avkxe©v`
¯îƒc| †mB Rb¨ †mKv‡j AMwYZ †e․× I wn›`y Bmjvg ag© MÖnY
Kwi‡ZwQ‡jv|Õ weL¨vZ Ôgymwjg evsjv mvwnZ¨Õ MÖ‡š’ W. gyn¤§`
Gbvgyj n‡Ki M‡elYvjä ch©‡eÿYÑÔmÄgx ev wb¤œ‡kÖYxi †e․×iv
eªvþY‡ì AZ¨vPvi mn¨ KwiZ ewjqv wbðq DZ¨³ I weeªZ †eva
Kwi‡ZwQ‡jv| Ggb mgq gymjgvb ZzwK©‡ì KvQ nB‡Z Bmjvgx
gvbeZv‡ev‡ai Ges Bmjvgx åvZ…Z¡‡ev‡ai cwiPq jvf Kwiqv
Zvnviv †h eªvþY¨ AZ¨vPv‡ii nvZ nB‡Z iÿv cvBqvwQ‡jb,
Zvnv‡Z m‡›`n bvB| d‡j Zvnviv es‡M gymwjg kvmb‡K Awfbw›`Z
Kwiqv‡Q|Õ
kZvãxi wPwV ● 14
gymwjg kvmK‡ì cv‡k RbM‡Yi ùvwo‡q hvIqvi djvdj
†c‡Z wej¤^ nqwb| RbKj¨v‡Y kvmKiv n‡jb wb‡ew`Z| myjZvwb
Avg‡j evsjv n‡q I‡V evsjv| evsjv n‡q I‡V evOvwji|
evsjv‡`‡k mvgvwRK kvwšÍ-k„•Ljv nq wbwðZ, Av‡m A_©‣bwZK
mg„w× I mvgvwRK wbivcËv, wkí-ms¯‥…wZi weKv‡k Av‡m BwZevPK
cwi‡ek| m~wZKvM„‡nB g„Zzï nvZ †_‡K †eu‡P hvq evsjv fvlv|
M‡o †Zv‡j wb‡Ri g‡bvig Aeqe| evOvwji AvZ¥kw³i N‡U ù~iY,
mvwnZ¨ mg„× nq m„wóm¤¢v‡i| AvZ¥weKv‡ki Pvwn`v †_‡K m„wó nq
HwZn¨| GKwU weKvkgvb †i․`ªcyjK, GKwU D”Qj Rxeb‡eM,
GKwU gvwR©Z I cÖvY¯úw›`Z beaviv RvZxq †PZbvi gg©g~‡j Av‡b
†Mvcb Mfxi Djøvm| Zvi AwfcÖKvk wQ‡jv bZzb †fv‡ii g‡Zv
wkniYPÂj| Gi †K‡›`ª wQ‡jv myjZvb‡ì D`vi AvbyK~j¨,
mnvqZv| cÖg_ †P․ayix h_v_©B e‡j‡Qb, Ôevsjv mvwn‡Zï Rb¥
gymwjg hy‡M|Õ
evsjvi Avw`‡KvwKj PÐx`vk mgvì †c‡jb myjZvb wmK›ì
kv‡ni ivRmfvq| ZuviB cyÎ wMqvmywÏb AvRg kvn wQ‡jb kvn
gynv¤§` mwM‡ii c„ô‡cvlK| RvjvjywÏb gynv¤§` kv‡ni Av‡`‡kB
†Zv evsjv fvlvq ivgvqb iPbv K‡ib K…Ëxevm| myjZvb kvgmywÏb
BDmyd kvn ÔkÖxK…ò weRqÕ iPbvi Rb¨ ¸bivR Lvb Dcvax †`b
gvjvai emy‡K| gymwjg myjZvb‡ì c„ô‡cvlKZvq iwPZ nq Kwe
K‡¼i we`¨vmy›ì, Kvkxivg `v‡mi gnvfviZ BZ¨vw` ARi-Agi
iPbv|
evOvwj Rxe‡bi †h myLKi AvZ¥R †¯ªvZ, gymwjg kvm‡b Zvi
ZiæY MwZ wewPÎ Q‡›` nq cÖevwnZ| †Mvjvfiv avb, †Mvqvj fiv
Miæ Avi cyKzi fiv gv‡Qi wPÎ evOvwj Rxe‡b ZLb cvq bqv
ev¯ÍeZv| A_©bxwZ‡Z Av‡m mg„w×, evsjvi gmwj‡bi Rb¨ wfo
Ki‡Z _v‡K we‡k¦i gnvRbiv| Be‡b eZzZv G‡mwQ‡jb
evsjv‡`‡k| 1345 mv‡j evsjv cwi`k©b K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb we¯§qKi
eY©bv| eëmvqx‡ì KvQ †_‡K wZwb †kv‡bb evsjvi cY¨`ª‡eï
kZvãxi wPwV ● 15
weeiY| gynv¤§` Avj-gvmgyw` gvMwiwe bvgK w`wjøi GK mI`vMi
Zuv‡K Rvbvb, ÔhLb mI`vMi Zuvi ¯¿x I f…ZëM©mn evsjvq emevm
Ki‡Zb, ZLb GK UvKvi mgZzj¨ AvU wìnvgB mviv eQ‡ii
av‡bi Li‡Pi Rb¨ h‡_ó wQj| KviY GK wìnvg w`‡q Zuvi 50
iZj (GK iZ‡j 14 †mi) Pvj cvIqv †hZ| AvUUv †gviM-gyiMx
ev 15wU KeyZi GK wìnv‡g wewµ n‡Zv| Avi GKUv †fovi g~j¨
wQj gvÎ `yÕ wìnvg| m~ÿ¥ eyb‡Ui 30 nvZ m~wZ e¯¿ Be‡b eZzZv
`yB wìnv‡g wewµ n‡Z †`‡L‡Qb| GKwU ¯^Y© w`bvi wQj 10 †i․c¨
w`bv‡ii mgZzj¨| Avi GKwU †i․c¨ w`bvi wQj AvUwU wìnv‡gi
mgZzj¨|
HwZnvwmK fÆkvjxi ÔAvwj© BbwW‡cb‡W›U myjZvbm Ae
†e½jÕ MÖš’ †_‡K eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ UvKv I IR‡bi wnmv‡e Be‡b
eZzZv hLb evsjv cwi`k©b K‡ib ZLbKvi cÖPwjZ g~‡jï GKwU
ZvwjKv wb¤œiƒcÑ GKwU `y»eZx Mvfx 3 UvKv, GKwU †gvUv †gviM
3 cvB, `yÕwU KeyZi 3 cvB, GKwU †gvUv †fov 4 Avbv, wPwb 1
UvKv 7 Avbv cÖwZ gY, gay 2 UvKv 14 Avbv cÖwZ gY, Pvj 1 Avbv
9 cvB cÖwZ gY, wN 1 UvKv 7 Avbv cÖwZ gY, wZj •Zj mv‡o 11
Avbv cÖwZ gY, m~ÿ¥ m~wZ Kvco cÖwZ 15 MR 2 UvKv| Be‡b eZzZv
wb‡R GKwU my›ìx µxZ`vmx GK ¯^Y© w`bv‡i µq K‡iwQ‡jb|
m¨vi RR D‡Wi DØ„wZ w`‡q Avwe` Avwj Lvb gvj`wn Zuvi
Ô†g‡gvwiR Ae †M․o A¨vÛ cvÐzqvÕq wj‡LbÑÔ1575 mv‡j cyivZb
gvj`‡ni GKRb abx eëmvqx wZb RvnvR-†evSvB g~jëvb †ikgx
e¯¿ cvim¨ DcmvMi w`‡q ivwkqvq cvVvb| evsjvi †b․e›ì¸‡jv
ZLb RgRgvU| Gwkqv-Avwd«Kvi bM‡i bM‡i evsjvi cY¨ ZLb
P‡j †hZ †b․c‡_| •e‡`wkK evwY‡R¨ evsjv ZLb wek¦weL¨vZ| G
†`‡ki mg„w×i mybvg ZLb Pviw`‡K|Õ mg„w×i GB aviv evi evi
†nuvPU †L‡jI †_‡g hvqwb| bvbv DÌvb-cZ‡bi ga¨ w`‡q Zv
Ae¨vnZ wQ‡jv kZvãxi ci kZvãx| kv‡q¯Ív Lv‡bi (1664 Cmvwq)
kZvãxi wPwV ● 16
Avg‡j Pvj UvKvq AvU gY `‡i wewµ n‡Zv, hv ïay †jvKkÖæwZ bq,
BwZnvm|
mvgvwRK Rxe‡b wQ‡jv kvwšÍ I †m․nv`©¨| wn›`y-†e․×-gymwjg
wg‡j m¤úªxwZi Abycgvq M‡o †bb †jvKvqZ Rxeb| mv¤úª`vwqK
mwnsmZv wQ‡jv weZvwoZ| ag©xq AZ¨vPv‡ii mvš¿x- †mcvBiv wQ‡jv
civwRZ| cweÎ i‡³i `vwe‡Z we‡kl myweavcÖvß †kÖYxi Drcxob
†_‡K D×vi cvq MYgvbyl| RbwbivcËv nq wbwðZ, mykvmb nq
cÖwZwôZ| b¨vqwePv‡ii AwaKvi mKj †kÖYx I †ckvi gvbyl‡K K‡i
Avk¦¯|Í Rxeb I RM‡Zi cÖwZ Bmjv‡gi gvbweK I BwZevPK
`„wófw½ mgvR-gvb‡m Av‡b iƒcvšÍi; Rxeb nq mnR| gvby‡l
gvby‡l m¤ú‡K©i †mZzeÜb •Zwi nq, hvi wfwË wQ‡jv ALÐ
gvbeZv| evOvwji Rxe‡b ZLb mwZ¨Kvi ¯^Y©hyM|
Avcwb, b~i KzZzeyj Avjg, †mB ¯^Y©hyM‡K jywÉZ n‡Z w`‡Z
Pvb bv| M‡Yk bvivqY Pvb GB G‡K ÔbvBÕ K‡i w`‡Z| wZwb Zuvi
jÿ¨c~iY bv K‡i _vg‡eb bv| Avi Avcwb Zuvi jÿ¨‡K ev¯ÍevwqZ
n‡Z w`‡Z Pvb bv|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 17
`yB
evOvwji †mB ¯^Y©hy‡Mi †kÖô cy‡ivav wQ‡jb Avcbvi ev‡jï eÜy

wMqvm DwÏb AvRg kvn (kvmbKvj-1392-1410 wLª.)| evsjvi
¯^vaxb myjZvb wQ‡jb wZwb| wecyj wQ‡jv Zuvi cÖwZcwË| wekvj
wQ‡jv Zuvi ivR¨| e¨vcK wQ‡jv Zuvi cÖRvKj¨vY| Zuvi Pwi‡Îi
myNªvY Qwo‡q Av‡Q BwZnv‡mi cvZvq| wb‡R Kwe wQ‡jb; Kwe‡ì
wQ‡jb c„ô‡cvlK| Ávbx‡ì cÖwZ wQ‡jv Zuvi AMva kÖ×v| myiwmK
wQ‡jb wZwb| wQ‡jb Avgy‡`| †gRvR wQ‡jv cÖdzjø, iæwP wQ‡jv
DbœZ| c~e©evsjvq G‡m GKevi AvµvšÍ nb KwVb cxovq| †ivM
mviwQ‡jv bv, euvPvi m¤¢vebv KgwQ‡jv w`b w`b| Rxeb †_‡K hLb
wbivk n‡q co‡jb, cÖwZwU wel‡qB KiYxq wb‡`©k Ki‡jb| Zuvi
m¤ú‡ì †Kvb Ask Kxfv‡e eëüZ n‡e? eskaiiv Kxfv‡e KvR
Ki‡eb? Zuv‡ì Kx Kiv DwPZ bq, Avi Kx ¸Yvewj jvjb Kiv
DwPZ? ivóªcwiPvjbvq Kx Kx bxwZ Aej¤^b Kiv n‡e? GgbwK
†Kv_vq Zuv‡K `vdb Kiv n‡e? †K RvbvRv cov‡eb? Kviv †Mvmj
Kiv‡eb? BZ¨vw`|
BwZnvm †ek AvMÖn †`wL‡q‡Q Zuvi GKwU Iwmq‡Zi cÖwZ|
wZwb Av‡`k K‡ib, g„Zz¨ n‡j Zuv‡K †hb †Mvmj Kivb mvie
(mvBcÖvm) ¸j (cy®ú) I jvjv (gwjøKv) bvgxq Zuvi wZb `vmx| G
Av‡`‡ki K‡qKw`b c‡iB wZwb my¯’ n‡q †M‡jb| wKš‘
ivRcÖvmv‡ì Ab¨ †g‡qiv `vmx‡ì cÖwZ Bl©vwš^Z n‡q Zuv‡ì‡K
WvK‡Z jvM‡jb ÔMvmmvjvÕ (jv‡ki †Mvmj `vbKvix)| G Dcvwa
Zuv‡ì Rb¨ wQ‡jv j¾vi| Zuviv Awf‡hvM Ki‡jb myjZvb mgx‡c|
KvD‡K wKQz bv e‡j myjZvb iPbv Ki‡jb KweZvi GKwU Amgvß
cOw³| ÔmvwK! nw`‡m mvie I ¸j I jvjv wg ivIqv` (mvwK! GB
n‡”Q mvie (mvBcÖvm) ¸j (cy®ú) I jvjvi (gwjøKv) Kvwnwb|)Õ
kZvãxi wPwV ● 18
c‡ii cOw³ Avi †gjv‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv| hvB wjLwQ‡jb, gbg‡Zv
nw”Q‡jv bv| ìev‡i wQ‡jb bvgKiv eû Kwe| cieZ©x Ask
wjL‡jb A‡b‡KB| myjZv‡bi g‡b ai‡jv bv| Zuvi ü`‡qi †h
fvlv, †KD Zv‡K e¨³ Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| †K cvi‡eb Z‡e?
cvi‡eb GKRb| `ywbqvi †kÖôZg Kwecyiæl nvwdR wmivwR| †h
wPËcøvex †ev‡ai SsKvi cÖKv‡ki A‡cÿvq KvZiv‡”Q, Zv Sibvi
MwZ I ùzwZ© cv‡e ZuviB gva¨‡g|
wb‡Ri cOw³wU wj‡L GK we‡kl `~Z‡K Biv‡b cvVv‡jb
myjZvb| mv‡_ g~jëvb eû Dcnvi| Avi Biv‡bi eyjeywj‡K
evsjv‡`‡ki dzjevMv‡b Avgš¿Y| evsjvi ivRìev‡i Avmvi Rb¨
Kwe †h kZ© †`‡eb, Zv c~i‡Yi Avk¦vm| mgqwU 1388 mvj|
myjZv‡bi `~Z wmiv‡R †cu․‡Q Dcnvi, Avgš¿Y Avi KweZvi
cOw³wU Zz‡j w`‡jb nvwd‡Ri nv‡Z| G KweZvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z
NUbv bv †R‡bB nvwdR wjL‡jb cieZ©x jvBbÑÔBb evnvm ev
QvjvwQ‡j Mvmvjv wgivIqv`Õ (G Kvwnwb n‡”Q wZb †Mvmj
`vbKvwibx m¤úwK©Z)| iwPZ n‡jv Awe¯§iYxq GK MRj| hv hy³
n‡q‡Q nvwd‡Ri †Ìqv‡b| MRjwUi wKQz Ask Ñ
Ô†Mvjvc mvie jvjvi K_v Pj‡Q mvwK n‡iK cÖKvi

wZb †mweKvi wKmmv wb‡q mevB K‡i ev` I wePvi
kive Av‡bv e‡bi KÕ‡b nÕj †h AvR iƒ‡ci ivYx
f‡ei †Ljv †Lj‡Q m‡e †K․k‡j GK iƒcvRxevi
fviwZ me ZyZxi gy‡L Si‡e †Kej wgwó gay,

Biv‡bi G wgQwi`vbv co‡j wM‡q e½ gvSvi
†n‡i Zvnvi hv`y-AuvwL gywb gvbm †fv‡j hv‡Z,
GKwU we‡jvj PvDwb gv‡S KynK iv‡R nvRvi nvRvi
Ng© Mjv MÐ Zvnvi †n‡i h‡e D`¨v‡b‡Z
kZvãxi wPwV ● 19
ki‡g‡Z Ng© S‡i hy_xi Mv‡j wkwki AvKvi|
fy‡jv bvÕ‡Kv †d‡ieevwR G `ywbqvi, LvbwK †m †Zv!
DV‡Z †auvKv em‡Z †auvKv ¯^fve Rvwb Ggwb Zvnvi
nÕ‡qv bv fvB mvgwi mg Dwo‡q w`‡q †mvbv †h Rb

gymv bwei evYx fywj KÕij †mev †Mv-cÖwZgvi|
nvwdR I‡Mv! wMqvm kvnvi mfvi m‡L Kfy †`‡Lv
QvwoI bv Kvbœv †hb Kuv`‡b‡ZB jf¨ †Zvgvi|Õ
GB Kwe-myjZvb Zuvi ìev‡i Kwe‡ì, cwÐZ‡ì w`‡Zb

we‡kl gh©v`v| Zuvi mfvKwe wQ‡jb evsjv KweZvi ga¨hy‡Mi m¤ªvU,
kvn gynv¤§` mMxi| evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Zï c„ô‡cvlKZvq wZwb
wQ‡jb wb‡ew`Z| evsjvi mvs¯‥…wZK Rxeb ZLb evsjv fvlv I
mvwnZ¨‡K †K›`ª K‡i beweKvk cv‡”Q| wZwb GB weKvk‡K w`‡jb
mvgvwRK Av‡›`vj‡bi iƒc| hv‡K me©vZ¥Kfv‡e cÖ‡Yvw`Z KiwQ‡jv
mvjZvbvZ| mvjZvbvZ wQ‡jv ¯^vaxb| cÖZvckvjx †gvNj m¤ªvU‡ì
i³Pÿz‡K D‡cÿv K‡i evsjv ZLb ¯^vaxbZvi Mwe©Z cZvKv
Iov‡”Q| wek¦mfvq cÖwZôv Ki‡Q Avcb m¤§vb| ga¨Gwkqvi mv‡_
evsjvi m¤úK© nq kw³kvjx| Px‡bi m¤ªv‡Ui mv‡_ AvRg kv‡ni
PjwQ‡jv wbweo K~U‣bwZK †hvMv‡hvM|
BD‡ivc hLb Kvco ci‡Z wkL‡Q, wZwb ZLb RMZgq
ißvwb Ki‡Qb we‡k¦i †miv KvcoÑgmwjb| evsjvi Rbc‡` Rbc‡`
†hgb M‡o‡Qb AmsL¨ we`¨vjq, †Zgwb Avcb A‡_© we`¨vjq
M‡o‡Qb g°vq-gw`bvq| g°v kwi‡di Ôeve B D‡¤§nvwbÕ‡Z Zuvi
cÖwZwôZ gvìvmv we`¨gvb wQ‡jv Imgvwb Avg‡jI| gw`bv kwi‡di
wnmbyj AvwZ‡K wZwb cÖwZôv Kivb Av‡iKwU gvìvmv| Avivdv
gv‡Vi gnvmgvM‡g cÖwZeQi cvwbi Rb¨ Kó nq nvwR‡ì| cvwbi
Kó `~i Ki‡Z †mLv‡b Lbb Kivb GKwU Lvj| wb‡Ri †`‡k `ytL-
`vwi`ª¨ †hgb †g‡b †bbwb, †Zgwb my`~i Avi‡e `vwi`ª D‡”Q‡`
kZvãxi wPwV ● 20
cvwV‡q‡Qb A_©, wecyj mnvqZv| †meveªZx myjZvb wQ‡jb Ávbx I
mvaK|
Avcwb, b~i KzZeyj Avjg, †Kej Zuvi evjëÜz bq, wQ‡jb
mncvwVI| Zuvi Kj¨vY-Kv‡R wQ‡jv Avcbvi w`Kwb‡`©kbv|
Avcbviv GK mv‡_B cvVMÖnY Ki‡Zb gvìvmvq| wk¶K
wn‡m‡e †c‡qwQ‡jb `vk©wbKÑwe`¨vmvMi nvwg`ywÏb bv¸wi‡K
(1252-1360 wLª.)| wZwb wkwL‡qwQ‡jb gvbeZv Avi b¨vqwePvi|
wMqvmywÏb ivRv n‡jb Avi aviY Ki‡jb b¨vq‡K, gvbeZv‡K| Zuvi
b¨vqwePv‡ii Kvwnwb AvRI wK evZv‡m †f‡m †eov‡”Q bv?
wZwb cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb b¨v‡qi kvmb| Bbmvd| wePvi wefvM
wQ‡jv m¤ú~Y© ¯^vaxb| AvB‡bi cÖ‡kœ †QvU eo mK‡jB wQ‡jb mgvb|
KviI cÖwZ Ryjyg Ki‡j Qvo †c‡Zv bv †KD| myjZv‡bi weiæ‡×I
Awf‡hvM Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv †h †Kv‡bv †jvK| Awfhy³ n‡j wZwbI
ùvov‡Zb KvUMovq| gy‡LvgywL n‡Zb b¨vqwePv‡ii| wZwb wQ‡jb
`ÿ †hv×v| wbqwgZ A¯¿Pvjbvi Abykxjb Ki‡Zb| GKw`b
wZi›`vwRi Abykxjb KiwQ‡jb| A‡bK `~‡i wb‡ÿc KiwQ‡jb
wZi| GKwUi ci GKwU, GKwUi ci GKwU| nVvr Zuvi wbkvbvi
RvqMvq G‡m co‡jv GK evjK| wbwÿß wZi †j‡M †M‡jv Zvi
Mv‡q| RL‡g i³v³ n‡jv †Q‡jwU| Zvi gv wQ‡jb GK weaev|
wfLvwi| †Q‡jwU‡K mv‡_ wb‡q wZwb Pj‡jb Av`vj‡Z| KvwR
wmivRywÏ‡bi ìev‡i| myjZv‡bi weiæ‡× PvB‡jb mywePvi| wbf©‡q|
nüv, wbf©‡q| †h Amnvq Rb‡Mvôx‡K D”Peskxqiv gvby‡li
KvZv‡i RvqMv w`‡Zv bv, hv‡ì‡K AvNvZ Kiv ev i³v³ Kiv
D”Peskxq‡ì Rb¨ wQ‡jv GKiKg AwaKvi; †mB Rb‡Mvôxi GK
wfLvwi weaev GLb myjZvb‡K Avmvwgi KvUMovq ùvo Kiv‡Z cv‡i
wbf©‡q| Av‡M Giv g‡b Ki‡Zv eo‡jv‡Ki jvw_ LvIqv Zv‡ì
wbqwZ| D”Pes‡ki †jvK; ivRv I kvmKiv fMev‡bi we‡kl
myweavcÖvß| Zuv‡ì weiæ‡× mvaviY gvby‡li Awf‡hvM Kiv cvc|
kv¯¿we‡ivax KvR| Zv‡ì nv‡Z gvi †L‡q Av`vj‡Z Zv‡ì‡K
kZvãxi wPwV ● 21
Avmvwg evbv‡Z hvIqv †Zv a„ôZv| KviY G †Zv ivRAvbyMZ¨ I
cÖ_vi weiæ‡× we‡`ªvn! fMevb Zv‡ì‡K M‡o‡Qb gnvb K‡i| ag©
wbwðZ K‡i‡Q D”Pes‡ki gwngv I my‡hvM-myweav| AZGe eo‡jvK
gv‡bB †mev‡hvM¨, fw³‡hvM¨| Zviv gvi‡e, †QvU‡jvK gvi Lv‡e,
GB †Zv wbqg!
wKš‘ GLb †m wbqg Avi †bB| GLb e`‡j †M‡Q gvby‡li
†eva, †`Lvi †PvL, fvevi gb| GLb jv Bjvnv Bjøvjøvni cÖfv‡e
†kÖYx‣elg¨ cÖ_vi ivRZ¡ †kl| GLb ivRv-cÖRvi eëavb `~i Kivi
ag© cÖfvekvjx| GLb †Kv‡bv gvbyl †Kv‡bv gvby‡li cÖfz bq| GLb
mKj gvbyl Avjøvni ev›`v| †KD KviI Dci Ki‡Z cv‡i bv
AwePvi| Rb¥¯^vaxb gvby‡li Ici †KD Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Ab¨vh¨
AvPiY| AvB‡bi †Pv‡L wfLvwi Avi myjZvb mgvb| †Kv‡bv ivRv ev
m¤ªv‡Ui AwaKvi †bB KviI Dci Ryjyg Ki‡e| hvi gva¨‡gB Ryjyg
msNwUZ n‡e, Gi cÖwZKvi I mywePvi cvIqv gRjy‡gi AwaKvi|
bZzb GB Rxebev` gvbyl‡K e`‡j w`‡q‡Q G‡Kev‡i|
G‡ZvKv‡ji c``wjZ gvbyl¸‡jv GLb Rv‡b, c``wjZ nevi wbqwZ
wb‡q Zviv Rb¥vqwb| Zviv †R‡b‡Q Avcb gh©v`v| †R‡M‡Q Zv‡ì
AwaKvi‡eva| d‡j myjZv‡bi GKwU AvNvZI mn¨ Kiv hvq bv|
ivóª‡K Gi cÖwZKvi Ki‡Z n‡e| wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e mywePvi|
myjZv‡bi weiæ‡× wfLvwi weaevi Awf‡hvM! ¸iæZi| G wePvi
myôz bv n‡j kw³gvbiv wc‡l †dj‡Z _vK‡e `ye©j‡ì| jw•NZ n‡Z
_vK‡e Avjøvni weavb| KvwR wmivRywÏb wePvivj‡q nvwRi nIqvi
digvb wjL‡jb| eiK›`vR cvVv‡jb myjZv‡bi Kv‡Q| K‡qKwU
PveyK Mwì wb‡P †i‡L em‡jb wePvivm‡b| eiK›`vR wQ‡jv
eyw×gvb| myjZv‡bi nv‡Z mivmwi Av`vj‡Zi digvb Zz‡j w`‡Z
cviwQ‡jv bv †m| Aej¤^b Ki‡jv `„wóAvKl©‡Yi we‡kl cš’v|
ivRcÖvmv‡ì dU‡Ki Øv‡i D”P¯^‡i AvRvb w`‡jv eiK›`vR|
Amg‡q cÖvmv`dU‡K AvRvb! myjZv‡bi Kv‡b †M‡jv|
AvRvb`vZv‡K a‡i †bqv n‡jv Zuvi mgx‡c| wZwb Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb
kZvãxi wPwV ● 22
AvRv‡bi KviY| eiK›`vR ej‡jv, ÔmyjZvb! KvwR mv‡ne
Avcbv‡K Av`vj‡Z nvwRiv †`qvi Av‡`kcÎmn Avgv‡K
cvwV‡q‡Qb| ivRìev‡i cÖ‡ek Kiv KwVb nw”Q‡jv e‡j Avwg
AvRvb w`‡q `„wóAvKl©‡Yi †K․kj Aej¤^b K‡iwQ| GB Av‡`kcÎ
MÖnY Kiæb| Avgvi m‡½ Av`vj‡Z Avmyb| Avcwb weaevcy‡Îi
kixi wZiwe× K‡i‡Qb| weaev Avcbvi weiæ‡× wePvi †P‡q‡Qb|Õ
Av‡`kcÎ nv‡Z †c‡qB e`‡j †M‡jv myjZv‡bi †Pnviv|
ùvwo‡q †M‡jb `ªæZ| ev`kvwn Rvgvi wb‡P jywK‡q ivL‡jb GKLvbv
Zievwi| hvÎv Ki‡jb Av`vj‡Zi w`‡K|
KvwRi ìevi| myjZvb G‡m‡Qb| Zuv‡K †Kv‡bv Af¨_©bv
Rvbv‡bv n‡jv bv| ùvov‡Z n‡jv KvVMovq| KvwR ej‡jb, ÔG
e„×vi mšÍvb‡K AvNvZ K‡i Avcwb Ab¨vq K‡i‡Qb| Gi cÖwZweavb
Awbevh©| Avcwb Zv‡K mš‘ó Kiæb|Õ myjZvb e„×v‡K w`‡jb
ÿwZc~iY, cÖPzi UvKv| Zvi fvebvi †P‡qI AwaK m¤ú`| weaev
Lywk n‡jb AwZkq| myjZvb ej‡jb, ÔKvwR mv‡ne, weaev mš‘ó
n‡q‡Q|Õ KvwR weaev‡K ej‡jb, ÔZzwg wK mš‘ó?Õ gv_v †b‡o †m
m¤§wZ Rvbv‡jv|
KvwR mv‡ne Gevi Avmb †_‡K DV‡jb| myjZvb‡K Ávcb
Ki‡jb DwPZ m¤§vb| wecyj mgv`‡i Zuv‡K emv‡jb Avcb Avm‡b|
myjZv‡bi Rvgvi †fZ‡i Zievwi| †mUv †ewi‡q G‡jv| aviv‡jv,
D×Z, Lvc‡Lvjv Z‡jvqvi| KvwR‡K wZwb m‡¤^vab Ki‡jb, Ôïbyb,
Avwg G‡mwQ †Kej †Lv`vi Av‡`‡k| Zuvi weavb cvj‡b| Avcwb
hw` †Lv`vi weavb g‡Zv wePvi Kv‡R GK wZjI wePwjZ n‡Zb, G
Zievwi Avcbvi i³ Siv‡Zv| `qvg‡qi ïKzi, mewKQzB wbwe©‡Nœ
m¤úbœ n‡jv|Õ
Avm‡bi wbP †_‡K PveyK †ei Ki‡jb KvwR| ej‡jb, Ô†Lv`vi
weavb cvj‡b Avcwb hw` wegyL n‡Zb, G PveyK Avcbvi †`n‡K
ÿZ-weÿZ Ki‡Zv| AvR wec` G‡mwQ‡jv| †Lv`vi ïKzi, wec`
†K‡U †M‡Q|Õ KvwRi wePvi I `vwqZ¡kxjZvq myjZvb Lywk n‡jb|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 23
Zuv‡K cyi¯‥…Z Ki‡jb Ges wd‡i †M‡jb Avcb ìev‡i| ìev‡i
Zuvi Rb¨ DwØMœ wP‡Ë A‡cÿv Ki‡Qb, Avcbvi fvB AvRg Lvb|
nüv, b~i KzZzeyj Avjg! Avcbvi fvB AvRg Lvb wQ‡jb AvRg
kv‡ni cÖavbgš¿x| myjZvb †P‡qwQ‡jb Avcbv‡K wePvicwZ
evbv‡eb| Av‡e`b K‡iwQ‡jb ¸iæZ¡mnKv‡i| Avcwb m¤§Z nbwb|
Avcwb ivR‡Z¡ †h‡Z Pvbwb, dwKwi †P‡q‡Qb|
Avcbvi GKgvÎ fvB AvRg Lvb wQ‡jb Av‡jg| wKš‘
ì‡ewk‡Z B”QzK wQ‡jb bv| myjZv‡bi gwš¿Z¡ MÖnY Ki‡Z AvMÖnx
wQ‡jb| Avcwb hLb fvB‡K Zuvi cÖavbgš¿x nevi AbygwZ †`b,
ZLb RvwZi Kj¨vY Qvov Avi Kx wQ‡jv Avcbvi AwfcÖvq? mZZv
I b¨vqcivqbZvq Ô`yB AvRgÕ wQ‡jb AmvaviY| mvnm I
Kg©kxjZvq wQ‡jb Abb¨| wKš‘ ivR‣bwZK †K․k‡j? †mLv‡b
Avcbvi fvB n‡q DV‡jb AcwiYvg`k©x| AvRg kvnI n‡jb
AcwiYvg`k©x| Zuviv nvwi‡q †dj‡jb kÎæwgÎ‡f`Ávb| hv
Avcbv‡K e¨w_Z Ki‡Zv, †c‡ikvwb‡Z KvZi Ki‡Zv, evi evi
cÖqvmx Ki‡Zv| Avcwb evi evi m‡Pó n‡q‡Qb kÎæ‡ì kÎæ wn‡m‡e
†Pbv‡Z| wgÎ‡ì wgÎ wn‡m‡e †Pbv‡Z| wKš‘ †Kv‡bv D‡`¨vMB mdj
nqwb| ivRbxwZ ZLb GKwU fqven cuv‡K c‡o wM‡qwQ‡jv| †hLv‡b
myjZvb D×vi PvBwQ‡jb Zv‡ì gva¨‡g, hviv Zv‡K I gymwjg
RvwZmËv‡K †Wvev‡Z Pvq| wZwb gbyev`x Pµ‡K wPb‡Z fzj
Ki‡jb| Ae‡k‡l hv †W‡K Avb‡jv RvZxq wech©q|
Avcwb †`L‡Zb, wn›`y-gymwjg wg‡j-wg‡k m¤cÖxwZi eÜb
M‡o‡Q| †`‡L Avbw›`Z n‡Zb| †`L‡Zb, gymwjg iv‡R¨ wn›`yiv
Rwg`vwi-gwš¿Z¡, †mbvcwZZ¡ Ki‡Qb| ZvivI iv‡óªi cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨
I `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b wbôvevb| †`‡L fv‡jvB jvM‡Zv Avcbvi| Avcwb
PvB‡Zb wn›`y-gymwjg Df‡qi weKvk| mevi Rb¨ e‡q Pj‡Zv
Avcbvi ïfevw`Zvi b`x|
wKš‘ nVvr!
kZvãxi wPwV ● 24
nVvr wKQy wn›`y, gvÎ ÿz`ª GK Ask, fy‡j †M‡jv m¤cÖxwZ| e„nr
wn›`yRb‡Mvôxi wecix‡Z, PvIqvi evB‡i, wfbœ GK PvIqv wb‡q Iiv
GKwÎZ n‡jv| evB‡ii AvMÖvmx kw³i mv‡_ nvZ wgwj‡q Iiv
PvB‡jv evsjvi †mbvevwnwb, cÖkvmb, A_©bxwZ, ivRbxwZÑme wKQyi
wbqš¿Y nv‡Z †b‡e| †m Rb¨ ïiæ n‡jv cwiKwíZ AbycÖ‡ek| M‡o
DV‡jv cÖkvm‡bi †fZ‡i cÖkvmb, Rwg`vwii †fZ‡i Rwg`vwi|
iv‡óªi †fZ‡i ivóª|
Avgjv‡ì eo GKwU Ask‡K wewfbœ myweavi gyjv †`wL‡q
wb‡R‡ì Kv‡R Zviv Ki‡Zv eënvi| †mbvevwnbxi GKwU AskI
c‡owQ‡jv Zv‡ì Là‡i| hviv Zv‡ì Øviv eëüZ n‡Zv, Zviv
Rvb‡Zv bv G P‡µi Avmj jÿ¨| Zviv ïay Rvb‡Zv, G P‡µi
†Kv‡bv GKRb ev K‡qKRb‡KÑhv‡ì mv‡_ i‡q‡Q e¨w³MZ eÜzZ¡|
cÖkvm‡bi wewfbœ Ask I Rwg`vi‡kÖYxi g‡a¨ Amr Ask‡K A_© I
myweav w`‡q Lye mn‡RB Kv‡R jvMv‡Zv G Pµ| cvk¦©eZ©x c~e©vÂjxq
M½vivR¨, Dwol¨v ivR¨ I Avmv‡gi Kvgiƒc iv‡Rï mv‡_ M‡o
DV‡jv Zv‡ì •gÎx| Gme ivR¨ Kvgbv Ki‡Zv gymwjg
mvjZvbv‡Zi Aemvb| PvB‡Zv ALÐ wn›`y ivRZ¡|
wMqvmywÏb AvRg kv‡ni mv‡_ Zv‡ì PjwQ‡jv we‡iva, hy×|
KvgZv I Kvgiƒc evsjvi mxgv‡šÍ Pvjv‡Zv DrcvZ| eëmvqx
Kv‡djv jyV Ki‡Zv| djdmj, Mevw`cï wb‡q †h‡Zv mxgvbvi
Icv‡i| wbixn bvMwiK a‡i wb‡q †h‡Zv| Ki‡Zv nZ¨v| m¤ªvU
my‡hvM LyuRwQ‡jb Zv‡ì‡K kv‡q¯Ív Kivi|
KvgZv iv‡Rï mv‡_ A‡nvg ivRv my`sdvi we‡iva euva‡jv|
my`sdvi †Mvcb cÖYqx ZvB myjvB cvwj‡q Av‡mb KvgZvq| my`sdv
wb‡la Ki‡jI KvgZvivR Zuv‡K wbivc` AvkÖq †`b| my`sdv wekvj
evwnbx wb‡q nvgjv K‡ib KvgZvq|
AvRg kv‡ni Rb¨ GLbB Dchy³ mgq| wZwb KvgZv
Awfhv‡bi cwiKíbv wb‡jb| mw¾Z n‡jv wekvj evwnbx| GKvšÍ
†Mvc‡b| wKš‘ Zuvi mKj ZrciZvi K_v †R‡b †M‡jv KvgZv|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 25
wZwb Rvb‡Zb bv Zuvi cÖkvmb I †mbvevwnbxi GKwU Ask KvgZv-
Kvgiƒ‡ci n‡q KvR Ki‡Q| †`‡ki Rwg`vi I eyw×Rxwe‡ì eo
GKwU Ask we‡`wk kw³i mn‡hvMx| †`‡ki †Mv‡q›`v I
†mbvevwnbxi A‡b‡KB †`‡ki `ykgb|
myjZv‡bi Dc‡`óv M‡Yk, hvi civgk© Qvov myjZvb †Kv‡bv
KvRB K‡ib bv| wZwbB myjZvb‡K mvwR‡q w`w”Q‡jb hy‡×i QK|
Avevi cy‡iv QKwU †cu․‡Q w`w”Q‡jb cÖwZc‡ÿi Kv‡Q| Zv‡ì Kv‡Q
cÖZ¨n hvw”Q‡jv hy‡×i Z_¨| Gme Z_¨ KvgZv-Kvgiƒc‡K mRvM
K‡i w`‡jv| A‡nvg iv‡Rï mv‡_ we‡iv‡ai NU‡jv Aemvb| Df‡q
GKwÎZ n‡q AvRg kv‡ni weiæ‡× cÖ¯‘Z n‡q †M‡jv|
AvRg kvn G¸‡jb `ªæZ, cÖej weµ‡g| wKš‘ G¸w”Q‡jb
cÖwZc‡¶i duv‡ì w`‡K| hv‡ì wb‡q wZwb weRq PvBwQ‡jb, Zv‡ì
A‡b‡KB wQ‡jv cÖwZc‡¶i gvbyl| A‡b‡KB GB gvZ…f~wgi †P‡q
AwaK fv‡jvevm‡Zv mxgv‡šÍi Icv‡ii f~wg‡K| A‡b‡KB wQ‡jv
cvZv‡bv eÜz‡Z¡i g‡` eyu`| †mbv‡ì eo GK Ask‡K K‡i ivLv
n‡qwQ‡jv nxbgb¨| A‡b‡KB wQ‡jv mvs¯‥…wZK w`K †_‡K civwRZ|
Ggb evwnbx wb‡q †K †Kv_vq weRqx n‡q‡Q? AvRg kvn Rq †c‡Z
e¨_© n‡jb|
Dwol¨vi wke wmsn evsjvi w`‡K †PvL Zz‡j ZvKvevi mvnm
†`Lv‡Zb bv| wZwbI GLb mvnmx| evsjv‡K Aw¯’wZkxj Ki‡Z
D`¨gx| mxgv‡šÍ †e‡o Pj‡jv Zuvi nvbv`vwi| AvRg kvn Awfhvb
Pvjv‡jb| evwnbx hvÎv Ki‡jv GKw`‡K, Aciw`‡K Zvi mKj
†MvcbxqZv †R‡b †M‡jv Dwol¨v| wke wms‡ni Rvbv n‡q †M‡jv
evsjvi me cwiKíbv|
AvRg kv‡ni G AwfhvbI e¨_© n‡jv|
wke wms‡ni mv‡_ wQ‡jv M‡Y‡ki NwbôZv| wQ‡jv
Kvgiƒciv‡Ri mv‡_I| M‡Yk n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb mvjZvbv‡Zi Ab¨Zg
AvgvZ¨| AvRg kv‡ni e`vb¨Zvq ivRkvnxi fvZzwoqv †_‡K M‡o
kZvãxi wPwV ● 26
I‡V M‡Y‡ki wecyj cÖwZcwË| †mLv‡b wQ‡jv Zuvi Rwg`vwi, hv
µgvš^‡q Qwo‡q c‡o wekvj, we¯Í…Z AÂ‡j|
eyw×gËvq M‡Yk wQ‡jb Abb¨| iv‡óªi †fZ‡i Zuvi M‡o †Zvjv
AcP‡µi weiæ‡× †KDB K_v ej‡Z cvi‡Zv bv| myjZv‡bi Kv‡Q G
wel‡q †KD Awf‡hvM Ki‡j myjZvb Zuv‡K kvw¯Í w`‡Zb| M‡Y‡ki
†K․k‡j wZwb wQ‡jb cÖZvwiZ| g‡b Ki‡Zb, Zuvi cÖwZ M‡Y‡ki
AvbyMZ¨ wbLv`, Amskq| ivRìev‡i Zuv‡K wZwb w`‡Zb Avjv`v
¸iæZ¡| A_P ìev‡i eû weev` M‡Yk †_‡KB Qov‡Zv| AvwgiMY
wef³ _vK‡Zb cÖvqB| bvbv c‡ÿ †j‡M _vK‡Zv iwk UvbvUvwb|
Avevi me c¶ Zuv‡KB Rvb‡Zv wbKURb wn‡m‡e| weev` cÖavbZ
gymwjg Avwgi‡ì g‡a¨B n‡Zv| wew”QbœZv, Aw¯’iZv I msKU
•Zwi‡Z KvR Ki‡Zv M‡Y‡ki mn‡hvMx Pµ|
G P‡µi weiæ‡× †h-B gv_v Zz‡j ùvov‡Zv, welv³ LÄi
Pviw`K †_‡K Zvi Pjvi c_‡K P¨v‡jÄ Ki‡Zv| cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Zvi
Avmj cÖwZc¶ evwb‡q †i‡LwQ‡jv Zv‡K, †h AwaK †gav I kw³
wb‡q mvjZvbv‡Zi Kj¨v‡Y mwµq| djZ wb‡ew`Z gvbyl¸‡jv‡KI
M„nweev‡` kw³wb‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡Zv| ivRcwil` n‡q I‡V gymwjg
Avwgi‡ì cvi¯úwiK †Øl I `ykgwbi iY‡¶Î|
ìevwi lohš¿ †Zv bZyb wKQy bq, ìev‡i Ø‡›Øi NUbv‡¯ªv‡Z,
†fZ‡ii fqvenZv‡K bv †`L‡j Zv‡K g‡b n‡Zv MZvbyMwZK
welq| Ggb ev¯ÍeZvi †fZ‡i †h SÂv, †h me©bvk, †h RvwZwebvkx
PµÑZv †`Lvi †PvL mevi _v‡K bv| _v‡K huv‡ì, Zuviv NUbvi
†dvK‡i nvZ w`‡q †ei K‡ib mv‡ci Av¯Ívbv| †h mvc eo nq
RvwZi m¤¢vebv‡K wM‡j †L‡q|
Avcwb, nüv, byi KzZzeyj Avjg, Avcwb ZLb LvbKvq|
cvÐzqvq, jvL jvL gvby‡li fv‡ei evMv‡b| †h evMvb M‡o‡Qb
evsjvi ü`‡qi myjZvb AvwL wmivRywÏb Imgvb| Zuvi Kv‡Q gywi`
nb myjZvb kvgmywÏb Bwjqvm kvn| GKRb AbyMZ kvM‡i‡ì
g‡ZvB Bwjqvm kvn Avm‡Zb cvÐzqvq| em‡Zb wmivRywÏb AvwLi
kZvãxi wPwV ● 27
cv‡qi Kv‡Q| evsjvi ivRavbx †M․o †_‡K DËi-c~e© w`‡K cÖvq wek
gvBj `~‡i wQ‡jv GB kni| PvcvBbeveMÄ kn‡ii DËi-cwð‡g
Ges fvi‡Zi gvj`n †Rjv †_‡K `yÕgvBj `wÿ‡Y wQ‡jv G kni|
nhiZ AvwL wmiv‡Ri Kvi‡Y kniwU‡KB ejv n‡Zv nhiZ cvÐzqv ev
nhiZ cviæqv| GLv‡b cÖwZwôZ nq GKjvLx M¤^yR, Avw`bv
gmwR`, K`g im~j, †QvU ìMv, eo ìMvmn AmsL¨ cÖvPxb
gymwjg ¯’vcZ¨| kniwU GKmgq evsjvi cÖkvmwbK ivRavbx n‡jI
RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q †m wQ‡jv evsjvi Aa¨vwZ¥K ivRavbx| cvÐzqvi
Av‡M evsjvi Ava¨vwZ¥K ivRavbx e‡j †Kv‡bv kn‡ii cwiPq wQ‡jv
bv| AvwL wmiv‡Ri Av‡M evsjvi ì‡ek e‡j †Kv‡bv ì‡ek
wQ‡jb bv| kvgmywÏb Bwjqv‡mi Av‡M evsjvi ivRv e‡j †Kv‡bv
ivRv wQ‡jb bv| Gi Av‡M g~jZ evsjv ej‡Z †Kv‡bv mgwš^Z
Rbc`B wQ‡jv bv|
†h w`b AvwL wmivR Bwjqvm kvn‡K ej‡jb, ÔZywg ïay ivRv
n‡e bv, Zywg n‡e GKwU RvwZiv‡óªi ¯’cwZ, †mw`b †K Rvb‡Zv
AwP‡iB wew”Qbœ ivp, e‡i›`ª, e½, mgZU BZ¨vw` wewfbœ Rbc`
GKwÎZ K‡i Bwjqvm kvn Zuvi bvg †`‡eb Ô ev½vjvnÕ| wb‡R n‡eb
Ôkv‡n ev½vjvnÕ A_ev Ôkv‡n ev½vwjqvbÕ| 1338 mv‡j wZwb
†NvlYv Ki‡eb evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv| Bwjqvm kvn nq‡Zv fv‡ebwb,
wew”Qbœ Rbc`mg~n‡K GKwÎZ K‡i wZwb hv‡K ev½vjvn Ges
Awaevmx‡ì evOvwj e‡j cwiwPZ Ki‡jb, †mB †`k Ges Zvi
Awaevmxiv G bv‡gB `ywbqvgq cwiwPZ n‡e| wKš‘ Zviv fy‡j hv‡e
Bwjqvm kv‡ni bvgwUI| ¯§iY Ki‡e bv GKwU w`‡bi RbÏ|
hwÌ BwZnvm Zuvi KxwZ©‡K cv‡iwb fy‡j †h‡Z|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 28
wZb
evOvwji †mB DÌvbj‡Mœ Rwo‡q Av‡Q cvÐzqvi LvbKv, hv wQ‡jv

ag©xq, mvs¯‥…wZK I m„wó‡mev Kvh©µ‡gi Ggb †K›`ª, hv †h †Kv‡bv
RvwZi R‡b¨ køvNvi, gwngvi| †mB †K‡›`ª wQ‡jv evsjvi †miv
MÖš’vMvi, †miv ÁvbZ‡Ë¡i AvMvi| AvwL wmivR †mLvb †_‡K Qwo‡q
w`‡Zb †cÖ‡gi evZ©v|
AvwL wmiv‡Ri c‡i Avcbvi wcZv AvjvIj nK nb †mB
LvbKvi KvÐvwi| wZwb wQ‡jb Zuvi es‡ki h_v_© cÖ`xc| Lv‡jw`
i³avivi wZwb wQ‡jb mwZ¨Kvi aviK| Lv‡jw` i³aviv? nüv,
Bmjv‡gi gnvb exi, Avjøvni Zievwi, Lv‡j` Be‡b Iwj` iv.
wQ‡jb Avcbvi c~e©cyiæl| Zuvi eska‡ii g‡a¨ wQ‡jv Zuvi †ZR
we`y¨‡Zi g‡Zv| wQ‡jv mvn‡mi DËivwaKvi| jovKz †gRvR| Avi
wQ‡jv cÖej ÁvbZ…òv I mvabv| Aciv‡Rq gvbm| GB exies‡k
Rb¥ †bb AMwYZ w`wM¦Rqx, mZ¨mvaK I ÁvbmvaK| µ‡g µ‡g
Zuviv Qwo‡q c‡ob `ywbqvi w`‡K w`‡K|
wnRwi lô kZ‡K jv‡nv‡i G‡m ¯’vqx nb G es‡ki GKwU
kvLv| Lv‡jw` e‡jB cwiwPZ I kÖ‡×q wQ‡jb Guiv| jv‡nv‡i cÖ_g
cÖR‡b¥i Lv‡jwìv mvaviYZ ÁvbPP©v I iYwbcyYZvq L¨vZ wQ‡jb|
c‡ii cÖR‡b¥ G‡m cÖkvmwbK `ÿZv I wkÿKcÖwZfvi weKvk
evo‡Z _v‡K| G cÖR‡b¥i GK L¨vwZgvb gbxlx wQ‡jb Dgi Be‡b
Avmv` Lv‡jw`| e¨w³Z¡ wQ‡jv Zuvi Rv`yKwi| bvbvgvwÎK ¸‡Yi
DËg aviK wQ‡jb wZwb| wZwb wQ‡jb †hv×v I †ev×v| wk¶K I
mywdmvaK| Áv‡b wZwb wQ‡jb cÖvÁ I eûgvwÎK| cÖkvmwbK
`ÿZvq wQ‡jb cÖkswmZ| jv‡nv‡ii Ávbiv‡Rï wQ‡jb AwacwZ|
†mLv‡b kvmKkw³ Zuv‡K fw³ Ki‡Zv wKš‘ Bbmv‡di wb‡`©kbv wZwb
w`‡j gvb‡Zv bv| Ryjyg I åvZ…nZ¨v Zviv Pvwj‡q hvw”Q‡jv|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 29
Lv‡jw`‡K RvqwMi Avi w`bvi-wìnvg w`‡q Zviv PvB‡Zv Lywk
ivL‡Z| wKš‘ G‡Z wZwb Lywk n‡eb †Kb?
wZwb jv‡nvi Z¨vM Ki‡jb| P‡j †M‡jb w`wjø| †mLv‡b Zuvi
Ávb I cÖÁvi myevm Qov‡jv| AwfRvZ †jv‡Kiv wfo Ki‡jv Zuvi
Pvicv‡k| Aíw`‡bB w`wjøi Ab¨Zg abx n‡q DV‡jb wZwb|
Avwgi‡ì mgvM‡g gyLi n‡Z _vK‡jv Zuvi myLx bxo| gyLi †mB
bx‡o nVvr bZyb Avb‡›ì †XD| Rb¥ wb‡jv GK Av‡jvi wkï|
mgq 701 wnRwi, 1301 wLªóvã| Dg‡ii N‡i bZzb wkï|
AvjvIj nK| Aciƒc KvwšÍgq †`n Zuvi| nvwm †_‡K †hb S‡i
c‡o gy‡³v| †PvL `yÕwU WvMi WvMi| Dgi wkïwUi g‡a¨ †`‡Lb
A‡bK m¤¢vebv| Avb‡›` wZwb nb D‡Øj| ïKwiqv ¯îƒc `vb K‡ib
Mwie‡ì, dwKi‡ì, GwZg‡ì| †jv‡Kiv `vb cvq Avi †`vqv K‡i
AvjvI‡ji Rb¨|
†n †Lv`v, wkïwU‡K A‡bK eo evbvI|
A‡bK Ávbx evbvI|
A‡bK abx evbvI|
†Zvgvi A‡bK wcÖq evbvI|
wkïwU eo nq| Dgi web Avmv` w`wjøi bvMwiK †Kvjvn‡j
K¬všÍ n‡Z _v‡Kb| Zuvi Pvicv‡k welq-we‡Ëi †h `vmZ¡, Zv‡Z
nuvwc‡q I‡Vb| L¨vwZ, •efe, cÖwZcwËÑG-B wK me? Gi g‡a¨ †h
AvZ¥Dcvmbv, `vwqZ¡ †_‡K †h cjvqb, D”P‡KvwU e„‡Ë Ave×Zvi
†h †kÖYx-†PZbv, Zv Zuvi Av‡jg mËv‡K wePwjZ K‡i Zyj‡jv| †h
Rxe‡bi cvu‡K wZwb c‡o‡Qb w`wjø‡Z, Zv †_‡K PvB‡jB wZwb
†ewi‡q Avm‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv| nVvr g‡b n‡Zv w`wjø Z¨vM KivB
DwPZ| wKš‘ †P‡c ai‡Zv cÖwZ‡ek| †kKo-evKo| Ae‡k‡l GK
mgq me wcQyUvb‡K AeÁv Ki‡jb| w`wjø‡K we`vq Rvbv‡jb|
mewKQy †Q‡o-Qy‡o P‡j G‡jb evsjvq| fv‡jv †j‡M †M‡jv
evsjv‡K|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 30
Zuv‡K `vIqvZ Ki‡jv GB bxj bxj D`vi AvKvk, gv_vi Ici
fvmgvb GB †g‡Ni RvnvR, GB †R¨vr¯œvi `y‡a †avIqv KweZvi
g‡Zv ivZ, GB bÿ‡Îi nvwm‡Z wknwiZ Zvj-Zgv‡ji kvLv, GB
cvwLi Mv‡b cvwj‡q hvIqv AÜKvi, GB MxwZKv‡eï g‡Zv engvb
b`x, gv‡Vi c‡i gvV fiv Q›`gq †LZ, avb-cvV, Wvj-M‡gi
Mwigvq GB †g․ †g․ evZvm, dz‡ji M‡Ü Nyg bv Avmv GBme cÖni,
GB mey‡Ri D”Q¡v‡m b„ZïZ kvwj‡Ki SuvK, nVvr Pg‡K †`qv
†`v‡q‡ji Dovj, NyNyi SMov, gvQivOvi wkKvi, nvI‡ii ci nvIi
Ry‡o R‡ji †h․eb| Zuv‡K gy» Ki‡jv GLvbKvi mij, mnR,
cÖvYevb gvbyl Avi Zv‡ì fv‡jvevmv| GB dj, cvwL, gvwU, gvbyl
Zuv‡K †hb †Kv_vI Avi †h‡Z †`‡e bv| wZwb †Kv_vI hvbwb Avi|
†_‡K †M‡jb evsjvq| wZwb n‡q †M‡jb evsjvi| evsjv n‡jv Zuvi
Avcb| evOvwj e‡j cwiwPZ n‡q n‡jb Lywk| GLv‡bB wZwb Kg© I
mvabvi aviv ïiæ Ki‡jb|
wecyj wQ‡jv Zuvi we`¨v| gvby‡li cÖwZ wQ‡jv Zuvi AMva
fv‡jvevmv| wZwb weZiY Ki‡Zb Ávb I mZZv| wZwb wePiY
Ki‡Zb Rxe‡bi A‡bK Mfx‡i| wZwb weeiY w`‡Zb cÖÁv I
¯^Ávi| Zuvi ü`‡q wQ‡jv ggZvi GKwU AvKvk| †hLv‡b Qvqv
†c‡Zv me †kÖYxi gvbyl|
gy‡L gy‡L Qwo‡q co‡jv Zuvi L¨vwZ|
ey‡K ey‡K Rg‡Z jvM‡jv Zuvi jvwM gvqv|
†jv‡Kiv †c‡Z _vK‡jv Zuvi Áv‡bi ÎvY| ej‡Z _vK‡jv gnvb
gnvb!
evZvm cÖPvi Ki‡Z _vK‡jv Zuvi BwZe„Ë| myjZvb wmKv›`vi
kvn ïb‡jb Zuvi msev`| ivRavbx cvÐzqvq wZwb Avgš¿Y Ki‡jb
Lv‡jw`‡K| cÖgvY †c‡jb Zuvi Ávb-Mwigvi| wbwðZ n‡jb Zuvi
mZZv m¤ú‡K©| Zuvi mv‡_ M‡o DV‡jv eÜzZ¡| A_©gš¿Yvjq wZwb
Zz‡j w`‡jb Lv‡jwì nv‡Z| ivR‡Kv‡li UvKv-cqmv-nxiv-gwY-gy³v
G‡jv Lv‡jwì `vwq‡Z¡| wZwb Gm‡ei h_vh_ eënvi Ki‡jb|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 31
wZwb AcPq I `ybx© wZi jvMvg †U‡b ai‡jb| RbKj¨v‡Y eënvi
Ki‡Z jvM‡jb RbM‡Yi m¤ú`| myjZvb Lywk n‡jb Lye| †hvM¨
gvby‡li nv‡Z †hvM¨ `vwqZ¡ Zz‡j w`‡Z †c‡i wZwb n‡jb gy», Z…ß|
ivRcwiev‡ii mv‡_ m¤ú„³ n‡jv Ig‡ii cwievi| A_©-weË Avi
my‡hvM-myweavi Afve iB‡jv bv †gv‡UI| GiB g‡a¨ eo nw”Q‡jb
AvjvIj nK| wcZvi ZË¡veav‡b Ki‡Z _vK‡jb †jLvcov|
wkÿvRxe‡b wZwb wQ‡jb mevi †miv| eyw× I cÖwZfvq wQ‡jb
Abb¨| `ªæZB wZwb Avcb cÖwZfvi ¯^xK…wZ Av`vq Ki‡jb mevi
†_‡K| Av‡jg‡ì g‡a¨ hyeK AvjvIj n‡q DV‡jb kxl©¯’vbxq|
Avevi cÖ_g †h․e‡bB n‡q DV‡jb †`‡ki Ab¨Zg Avwgi|
we`¨v Av‡Q, Av‡Q A_©-weË, eyw× Av‡Q, Av‡Q eskgwngv,
`ÿZv Av‡Q, Av‡Q mZZv; d‡j AvjvIj nK mevi †K›`ªwe›`y n‡q
DV‡jb| GRb¨ gvbyl Zuv‡K M‡ÄbvevZ ev M‡ÄbIevZ e‡j
WvK‡Zv| M‡ÄbvevZ gv‡b m¤ú‡ì fvÐvi Avi M‡ÄbIevZ gv‡b
†kvwaZ wPwbi fvÐvi| Zuvi GB Dcvwa fviZ Ry‡o L¨vZ nq|
Iwjm¤ªvU †kL wbRvgywÏb AvIwjqv in. (1236-1325 wLª.) G
Dcvwai cÖwZ wQ‡jb Amš‘ó| KviY Zuvi cxi I gywk©` †kL dwi`
DwÏb in. (1177-1269 wLª.)-Gi Dcvwa wQ‡jv M‡ÄkKi ev wPwbi
fvÐvi| AvjvIj n‡Ki M‡ÄbvevZ Dcvwa wQ‡jv M‡ÄkK‡ii †P‡qI
eo| wKš‘ Av‡jg‡ì mi`vi wn‡m‡e AvjvIj nK ì‡e‡ki mš‘wó-
Amš‘wó‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`bwb †Zgb|
evwn¨KZvi w`‡K Zuvi g‡bv‡hvM evowQ‡jv| wejvmx Rxe‡bi
w`‡K Suz‡K co‡jb AvjvIj nK| Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z jvM‡jb
ivRv‡ì g‡Zv| AvPi‡Y Kg‡Z jvM‡jv web‡qi gvÎv| weËmyL
G‡mwQ‡jv Zuvi wcZvi Rxe‡bI, wZwb G‡Z Z…wß cvbwb| Gi ¯’~jZv
†_‡K K‡ib cjvqb| wKš‘ ZiæY AvjvIj D”Peskxq AvwfRvZ¨,
e¨w³‡Z¡i L¨vwZ, cvwÐZ¨ I weË‡K GKB mv‡_ D`hvcb KiwQ‡jb|
Zuvi gnvb wcZv I c~e©cyiæl‡ì Kg©cš’vi cwicš’x wQ‡jv G
Kg©aviv| wZwb †h‡nZy Zuv‡ìB ï×Zv, Ávb I `xwb `vq‡eva‡K
kZvãxi wPwV ● 32
aviY KiwQ‡jb, AZGe we‡Ëi cÖ‡kœ Zuv‡ìB Kg©aviv Zuvi Kg©aviv
nIqvUvB wQ‡jv h_v_©| ZiæY AvjvIj nK GLv‡b Pz¨wZi wkKvi
n‡jb |
wKš‘ huv‡ì †_‡K †Lv`v Zvqvjv `xb I wgjøv‡Zi eo †L`gZ
†b‡eb, Zuv‡ì wZwb •Zwi K‡ib wfbœfv‡e| we‡kl eë¯’vcbvq,
bvbvwea cix¶vi cÖwµqvq| AvjvIj n‡Ki Rxe‡b †b‡g G‡jv
gwme‡Zi cix¶v| Av¸‡b †cvov‡bvi ce©| nVvr GK nvjKv AmyL
G‡jv Zuvi Rxe‡b| ¯^vfvweK _vK‡jv bv evKkw³| K_v ej‡Z
cvi‡Zb bv eywS‡q| †Pv‡L †`Lv w`‡jv mgm¨v| †`L‡Zb AveQv
AveQv| Rxebhvcb n‡q DV‡jv RwUj, `ytmn|
Gfv‡eB PjwQ‡jv| †h Aewa Zuvi Rxe‡b kvqL AvwL
wmivRywÏb Imgv‡bi (g„Zz¨ : 1357 wLª.) †Quvqv jv‡Mwb| AvwL
Imgvb wQ‡jb Dcgnv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg GK mvaK| gxRv© gynv¤§`
AvLZvi †`njfxmn †KD †KD hwÌ Zvu‡K ev`vqy‡bi Awaevmx
g‡b K‡ib| gydZx Ave`yj Lwei Avkivdx †`wL‡q‡Qb Zvi
Rb¥¯’vb wb‡q wfbœgZ mg~n| wKQz HwZnvwmK g‡b K‡ib , wZwb
wQ‡jb A‡hva¨vi GKRb| wKš‘ HwZnvwmK we‡køl‡Y cÖgvwYZ †h,
wZwb Avm‡j wQ‡jb evsjvi mšÍvb| M½v-gnvb›`vi wgjb¯’‡ji
Kv‡Q gvj`n †Rjvq Aew¯’Z jvL‡b․wZ; GiB GK bvg cvÐzqv
wKsev jÿYveZx, †mLv‡bB Zvui Rb¥| Zvui wcZv I wcZvgn
fvi‡Zi DËi cÖ‡`‡ki A‡hva¨v †_‡K Av‡mb evsjvq| evsjv‡K
ZLb aiv n‡Zv fvi‡Zi Ab¨Zg mg„× AÂj| fvM¨v‡š^l‡Y GLv‡b
Avm‡Zb A‡b‡KB| AvwL wmiv‡Ri cwievi GLv‡b Ávb I
Aa¨vZ¥PPv©q g‡bv‡hvMx wQ‡jv|
AvwLi eqm hLb 14 eQi, ZLb wZwb P‡j hvb wbRvgywÏb
AvIwjqvi (1236-1325 wLª.) LvbKvq| Zvi wcZv I wcZvgn
wQ‡jb kvq‡Li we‡kl gywi`|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 33
AvwL GLv‡b G‡m K‡Vvi mvabv ïiæ K‡ib| Ae¯’vb K‡ib
K‡qK eQi| MÖnY K‡ib AvIwjqvi wkl¨Z¡| cÖwZ eQi GKevi
Avm‡Zb jvL‡b․wZ‡Z| Avm‡Zb gv‡qi mv‡_ mvÿv‡Zi Rb¨|
K‡qKw`b gv‡qi †mev K‡i P‡j †h‡Zb AvIwjqvi LvbKvq|
mvabvq wZwb wQ‡jb K¬vwšÍnxb| PvwiwÎK ¸Yvewj I †mevi †ÿ‡Î
wQ‡jb Abb¨| AMwYZ gywi‡ì g‡a¨ wbRvgywÏb AvIwjqv in. Zuvi
cÖwZ ivL‡Zb we‡kl `„wó| Zvi cÖavb wZb wkl¨ wQ‡jb KvgvjyÏxb,
bvwmiæÏxb I wmivRyÏxb| G‡ì g‡a¨ me‡PÕ wcÖq wQ‡jb
wmivRyÏxb| bvwmiæÏxb‡K ejv n‡Zv †Piv‡M †`njwf ev w`wjøi
†PivM| Avi wmivRyÏxb‡K wZwb WvK‡Zb Avqbv‡q wn›`y¯vÍ b ev
fviZe‡l©i Avqbv e‡j| Ava¨vwZ¥K mvabvi GK ch©v‡q wZwb
Zuv‡K †LjvdZ cÖ`vb K‡ib| Z‡e e‡j †`b, †h KvR †Zvgv‡K
w`w”Q, GRb¨ ag©xq Áv‡b cvi`wk©Zv Acwinvh©| wKš‘ Zzwg †Zv
GLbI cÖ‡qvRbxq Áv‡bi AwaKvix nIwb|
G e³e¨ ïb‡jb kvq‡Li Av‡iK gywi`, weÁ Av‡jg dLiæwÏb
Rviivw`| wZwb AviR Ki‡jb, Avgvi fvB wmivRywÏb‡K Qq gv‡mi
g‡a¨ Av‡jg evwb‡q †`‡ev| n‡jvI ZvB| wmivRywÏ‡bi Rb¨ wZwb
wj‡Lb Aviwe kãZ‡Ë¡i GKwU eB| wcÖq Qv‡Îi bv‡g Gi bvg †`b
Ô Zvmwi‡d ImgvwbÕ ev ÔImgvwbÕ| wZwb Zuv‡K covb gvIjvbv
†ivKbywÏ‡bi weL¨vZ ÔKvwdqvÕ ÔgydvmmvjÕ ÔKz`ywiÕ ÔgvRgvDj
evnivBbÕmn gva¨wgK ¯’‡ii A‡bK¸‡jv MÖš’ | µ‡g µ‡g ÁvbZ‡Ë¡
wZwb n‡q I‡Vb cvi`k©x|
Qq gvm c‡i wZwb hvb LvRvi ìev‡i| LvRv Zv‡K agx©q
wel‡q K‡ib we¯Íi wRÁvmv| wZwb h_v_© Reve w`‡q LvRv‡K K‡ib
mš‘ó| LvRvcÖ`Ë †LjvdZ jvf K‡i c~Y©Zv| kvqL wbRvgywÏb
AvDwjqvi B‡šÍKvj nq wKQzw`‡bi g‡a¨B| ZLb 1325 mvj|
agx©q cvVMÖnY mgvß K‡i AvwL wmivR Mgb K‡ib Avcb cxi-fvB
nRiZ bvwmi DÏxb †Piv‡M †`njwfi ìev‡i| †mLv‡b Ae¨vnZ
iv‡Lb mvabv| †Piv‡M †`njwf Zuv‡K evsjvi ì‡e‡ki c`we‡Z
kZvãxi wPwV ● 34
f~wlZ K‡ib| GKvav‡i wZb eQi wZwb Ae¯’vb K‡ib LvbKv‡q
†bhvgx‡Z| wb‡Ri ìev‡i c‡o _vK‡eb gnvb GB mvaK, †Piv‡M
†`njwfi Kv‡Q G wQ‡jv j¾vi| wZwb Zv‡K civgk© †`b, Ôevsjvq
P‡j hvb Ges †`kevmx‡K c_cÖ`k©b K‡ib|Õ AvwL wmivR evsjvq
Avm‡Z AvMÖnx wQ‡jb bv †Zgb| wZwb eis wbR©b mvabv I
AvZ¥wbgv©‡Y wQ‡jb AwaKZ‡iv g‡bv‡hvMx| GiB g‡a¨ mvg‡b G‡jv
ivR‣bwZK RwUjZv| 1325 mv‡j w`jøxi wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivnb
Ki‡jb gynv¤§` web ZzNjK| Zvi wQ‡jv my`~icÖmvwi wKQz cÖKí|
1327 mv‡j w`jøx †_‡K wZwb †èwMwi ev gnviv‡óªi †`․jZev‡`
¯’vbvšÍi K‡ib fvi‡Zi ivRavbx| AMÖmi bvMwiK‡ì wZwb
†èwMwi‡Z cvVv‡bvi †Póv K‡ib| hv‡K †g‡b wb‡Z bvivR wQ‡jb
A‡b‡KB| bvivR wQ‡jb AvwL wmivRI| d‡j wZwb †èwMwi‡Z bv
wM‡q evsjvq †divi K_v fve‡Z jvM‡jb|
Gw`‡K †Piv‡M †`njwf Zvov w`w”Q‡jb evsjvq †h‡Z| wKš‘
GLv‡b †Zv Av‡Qb kvqL AvjvIj nK! AvwL Rvb‡Zb, evsjvq
AvjvIj n‡Ki AcÖwZnZ cÖfv‡ei K_v| wb‡e`b Ki‡jb, Ô†mLv‡b
Avwg †M‡j Kx jvf? †mLv‡b †Zv i‡q‡Qb cÖfvekvjx Av‡jg kvqL
AvjvIj nK|Õ †Piv‡M †`njwf ej‡jb, Ô†mLvbKvi f~wg Avcbvi
Rb¨ A‡cÿv Ki‡Q| †mLv‡b hvIqvB n‡e DËg| AvjvIj n‡Ki
gh©v`v _vK‡e Avcbvi wb‡P| Avcbvi Avmb mevi Dc‡i| hvb!Õ
AvwL wmivR G‡jb cvÐzqvq| mv`yjøvcyi gnjøvq wb‡Ri
Avevm¯’‡ji Kv‡Q Mo‡jb LvbKvn|M‡o wb‡jb wekvj MÖš’vMvi|
iPbv Ki‡jb Aviwe e¨vKiYMÖš’ †n`vqvZzbœvû| A‡b‡Ki g‡Z,
wgRvbym mid ev dvimx fvlvq iwPZ Aviwe e¨KiY MÖš’ cv‡ÄMvÄ
ZviB iPbv| GLv‡b Zvu‡K wN‡i Ávb I ïw×i e¨vcK
Av‡jvKavivi we¯Ívi n‡Z _vK‡jv|
AwP‡iB Zvui mvÿvZ n‡jv AvjvIj n‡Ki mv‡_| `yB
Av‡jg| GKRb weL¨vZ, cÖZvckvjx, Av‡iKRb AL¨vZ, dwKi|
AvjvIj nK ïb‡jb AvwL wmivR‡K| Zuvi inm¨vjvc I
kZvãxi wPwV ● 35
AwfÁvb‡K| bevMZ ì‡ek‡K wZwb cvV Ki‡jb ü`‡qi †PvL
w`‡q| AvwLi g‡a¨ Abyfe Ki‡jb Ggb wKQz , hv wZwb nvwi‡q
†d‡j‡Qb| Zuvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q Ggb mZ¨, †h mZ¨ wKZv‡e c‡o‡Qb,
wKš‘ AwaKvi Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| Zuvi †Pv‡L I †Pnvivq, ey‡K I
e¨w³‡Z¡ Av‡Q Ggb GK Av‡jv, hv †Kej Rb¥ †bq Avjøvni mv‡_
we‡kl m¤ú‡K©i kw³‡Z| GKRb Av‡jg nIqv G Av‡jvi Rb¨B |
ivRKxq wejvm I Hk¦‡h© G kw³, G Av‡jv cÖvY cvq bv| G _v‡K
†Kej `ywbqvwegyL †cÖwg‡Ki R¡jšÍ ü`‡q| G Av‡jv R¡vjv‡Z nq
ü`‡qi cÖ`x‡c, R¡vwj‡q wb‡Z nq Av‡iKwU ü`q †_‡K| G Rb¨
wemR©b w`‡Z nq wb‡Ri e¨w³Z¡ I AnwgKv| g‡bi †fZi
cÖwZcwËi †h †èZv evmv M‡o‡Q, Zv‡K †S‡o †dj‡Z nq †fZi
†_‡K|
AvjvIj nK ZvB Ki‡jb| wZwb wb‡Ri Rxebaviv e`‡j
w`‡jb G‡Kev‡i| n‡q †M‡jb AvwL wmiv‡Ri gywi`| AvwL
wmiv‡Ri †`vqv I wPwKrmvq Zuvi evKkw³ wd‡i G‡jv| †Pv‡Li
AmyL fv‡jv n‡jv| wd‡i †c‡jb AveviI `„wókw³| gywi` nevi
c‡i gywk©‡ì mvwbœa¨ Qvov wZwb _vK‡Z cvi‡Zb bv| bZzb c‡_i
cw_K n‡jb wZwb| me wKQz †Q‡o P‡j †M‡jb AvwL wmiv‡Ri
LvbKvq| Ávb, eskgh©v`v I m¤ú‡ì Ang wcl‡Z jvM‡jb
cv‡qi Z‡j| ¯^fve n‡Z _vK‡jv big| eënvi n‡Z _vK‡jv AviI
gayi| Qz‡o †dj‡jb `vwg †cvkvK| MÖnY Ki‡jb Mwi‡ei †ek|
mvaviY gvby‡li †mevq n‡jb wb‡qvwRZ| †fvM bq, GLb Z¨v‡MB
Zuvi myL| my‡Li Rb¨ bq, A‡bï `ytL ni‡YB Zuvi e¨vKzjZv|
RuvKRgK bq, AwZ bM‡Yï mv‡_ wb‡R‡K wgwk‡q †`qv‡Z Zuvi
Avb›`| gy‡L my›ì nvwm, †Pv‡L m‡Zï wkLv, ey‡K Awbe©vb
gvbe‡cÖg| GwZg, Amnvq, wfLvwi gvbyl¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Wzwe‡q iv‡Lb
wb‡R‡K| Avi K‡ib gywk©‡ì †mev|
`k©Kiv Zv †`‡L wew¯§Z nq| K‡qK eQi Av‡Mi AvjvIj
nK‡K hviv †`‡L‡Q, Zviv Zuvi K‡Vvi I KóKi mvabv †`‡L
kZvãxi wPwV ● 36
†Pv‡Li cvwb a‡i ivL‡Z cvi‡Zv bv| gywk©‡ì Lv`¨ Mig ivLvi Pzwjø
gv_vq ivL‡Zb wZwb| Pzwjøi Zv‡c cy‡o wM‡qwQ‡jv gv_vi Pzj¸‡jv|
G `„k¨ †`‡L Ab¨me Avwgi-Igiv nvmvnvwm Ki‡Zv| we`ªæc Ki‡Zv
Zuv‡K wb‡q| wKš‘ Gm‡ei cÖwZ åæ‡ÿc wQ‡jv bv Zuvi| AwfRvZiv
ej‡Zv, cvÐzqvi cÖavb Av‡jg AvjvIj nK‡K A¯¿ QvovB †g‡i
†d‡j‡Q GK dwKi| wZwb GLb AvZ¥mËv nvwi‡q †d‡j‡Qb|
†evaeyw× DavI n‡q †M‡Q Zuvi †_‡K| Avm‡j AvjvIj nK
†evaeyw×i bZzb Zvrc‡h© n‡qwQ‡jb D¾xweZ| AvZ¥mËv‡K †c‡Z
PvBwQ‡jb G‡Kev‡i RxešÍiƒ‡c| wb‡Ri A‡bK wKQz‡K †g‡i †d‡j
n‡Z PvBwQ‡jb g„Z‡ì Rxeb| k‡ãi Av‡j‡gi mxgvbv wWwO‡q
n‡Z PvBwQ‡jb ü`‡qi Av‡jg|
GZw`b wZwb wQ‡jb ZË¡evMxk, kv¯¿we`| Ávb I gbxlvi `y¨wZ
we”QywiZ n‡Zv Zuvi e¨w³‡Z¡i Avfvq| ÁvbPP©v Zuv‡K w`‡qwQ‡jv
DÌv‡bi gš¿| G‡Zvw`b wk‡LwQ‡jb Dc‡i IVv| AvwLi Kv‡Q G‡m
wkL‡jb, wb‡P bvgv, gvbeZv‡K D‡”P Zy‡j wb‡R‡K Z…YjZvi
KvZv‡i wb‡q hvIqv| Ab¨‡K gnvb K‡i, Av‡jvwKZ K‡i, mevi
Rb¨ †eu‡P _vKv| mevi Rb¨ euvP‡Z wM‡q wb‡R‡K gvwU K‡i †`qv|
AvjvIj nK hLb mvabvi MšÍ‡e¨ DcbxZ n‡jb, AvwL wmivR
Zuv‡K w`‡jb †LjvdZ| Zuvi nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡jb Avcb LvbKvn|
wb‡Ri Kb¨v‡K Zuvi Kv‡Q we‡q w`‡q Zuv‡K eiY Ki‡jb RvgvZv
wn‡m‡e| Zuvi Abymvixiv AbymiY Ki‡jb AvjvI‡ji †bZ…Z¡| ax‡i
ax‡i LvbKv n‡q DV‡jv me †kÖYxi gvby‡li cÖvY‡K›`ª| gymwjg-
Agymwjg wbwe©‡k‡l mK‡ji †K›`ª n‡Z _vK‡jb AvjvIj nK|
GKevi wZwb †jvKvšÍwiZ n‡q Avevi Awek¦vm¨ e¨vcKZv I MfxiZv
wb‡q gvby‡li ü`‡qi ivRvm‡bi w`‡K hvÎv Ki‡jb|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 37
Pvi
GgbB GK mg‡q Rb¥ nq Avcbvi| gnvb AvjvIj n‡Ki Rxe‡b

Avðh© GK Øxc iwPZ nq 1350 wLªóv‡ã| †m eQi Zuvi Ni
Av‡jvwKZ K‡i `ywbqvq AvMgb N‡U Avcbvi| Pviw`‡K Qwo‡q
c‡o myLevZ©v| N‡i N‡i e‡q hvq Lywki jni| ì‡e‡ki N‡i
G‡m‡Qb fwel¨‡Zi ì‡ek; gvby‡li †K›`ª, gvby‡li †meK, gvby‡li
fv‡jvevmv| †jv‡Kiv e‡j, wZwb AviI †ewk `ywbqv‡K Av‡jv
†`‡eb|
wcZv AvjvIj nKI Avcbvi KvQ †_‡K Avkv Ki‡jb Av‡jv|
AMwYZ c_nviv c_ cv‡e Avcbvi Øviv| Avcbvi Rxeb n‡e
Av‡jv‡Ki Rxeb| RM‡Z Avcwb n‡eb Puv‡ì g‡Zv gvqvgq, m~‡h©i
g‡Zv `xwßgvb| †m Avkvq wcZv Avcbvi bvg ivL‡jb byiæj nK-
m‡Zï Av‡jv, byi KzZzeyj Avjg- m„wóRM‡Zi Rb¨ mycÖavb Av‡jv|
Avcbvi GKgvÎ eo fvB wQ‡jb AvRg Lvb| Zuv‡K wN‡i G‡Zv ¯^cœ
wQ‡jv bv Avcbvi wcZvi| Avcbvi g‡a¨ wZwb †`L‡Z †c‡Zb Ggb
GK kw³i m¤¢vebv, hv n‡e GB †`k I RvwZi D¾¡j D×vi|
GKB cÖZ¨vkv wQ‡jv Avcbvi bvbv AvwL wmiv‡Ri| 1357
mv‡j `ywbqvZ¨vM K‡ib wZwb| Zv‡K mgvwnZ Kiv nq jvL‡b․wZi
mvMi`xwNi DËi-cwðg‡Kv‡Y| gvj`n kni †_‡K cÖvq `k
wK‡jvwgUvi `wÿY-cwð‡g Aew¯’Z wekvj GB `xwNi cv‡o AvwLi
gvRv‡i †jv‡Kiv cÖ_g e½ì‡e‡ki ürKg‡ji MÜ †c‡Z _vK‡jv|
Avcbvi wcZv ewiZ n‡jb Avcbvi bvbvi RvqMvq| wKQz w`‡bi
g‡a¨ LvbKv n‡jv AviI cÖmvwiZ| myjZvb Bwjqvm kvn MÖnY
Ki‡jb AvjvIj n‡Ki wkl¨Z¡| 1357 mv‡ji †k‡li w`‡K myjZvb
Bwjqvm kv‡ni g„Zz¨ N‡U| ÿgZvq e‡mb Zuvi cyÎ wmKv›`vi kvn|
wZwbI MÖnY K‡ib AvjvIj n‡Ki wkl¨Z¡| Ab¨ iKg GK RvM„wZi
kZvãxi wPwV ● 38
†Rvqvi G‡jv Pviw`‡K| wekvj j½iLvbv, `ytLx-AfvexR‡bi wecyj
Avbv‡Mvbv| RvZcvZ I gbyev`x eY©cÖ_vq wbwcó nvRvi nvRvi wn›`y,
gvbe-gvbex, Rwg`vi, ivRv-DwRi| mK‡ji c_ G‡m cvÐzqvi c‡_
wg‡k †h‡Z jvM‡jv| nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl Lvbv †L‡Zv cÖwZw`‡bi
j½iLvbvq| AvkÖq †c‡Zv nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl| webve¨‡q wPwKrmv
†c‡Zv †ivMxiv| webv Li‡P wkÿv I †mevhZœ †c‡Zv ag©-eY©
wbwe©‡k‡l MYbvZxZ gvbyl| wecyj weË wQ‡jv AvjvIj n‡Ki| Zv
†_‡K Aweivg wewj‡q w`‡Zb Afvex‡ì gv‡S| wbR nv‡Z Zv‡ì
LvIqv‡Zb| GwZg‡ì †Mvmj Kiv‡Zb| Amnvq‡ì Ki‡Zb
†mev| AvcwbI †hvM w`‡Zb †mevK‡g©|
†hvacy‡ii `vk©wbK Av‡jg KvwR nvwg`ywÏb bv‡Mvwii Kv‡Q
Avcbv‡K cov‡kvbv Ki‡Z n‡Zv| wZwb Avcbv‡K cÖ_g `k©‡bB
e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔG wkï n‡e bvgRv`v ì‡ek| gnvb Av‡jg|Õ ivRcyÎ
wMqvmywÏb AvRg kvn Avi Avcwb ZuviB kvm‡b-†mvnv‡M Ki‡Zb
we`¨v-cvV, K‡Vvi Abykxjb| evwo‡Z G‡j wK‡kvi Avcbv‡K Ki‡Z
n‡Zv LvbKvi KvR| KwVb †_‡K KwVbZi cwikÖg| evev ej‡Zb,
Ôbwbi cyZzj n‡qv bv, nI Kg©exi| gvby‡li †mev †P‡qv bv| †mev
Kivi ZvIwdK Kvgbv K‡iv| Avjøvn‡K †c‡Z n‡j m„wói Kj¨v‡Y
wb‡qvwRZ nI|Õ Avcwb LvbKvq AvMZ gvby‡li †L`gZ Ki‡Zb|
D¯Ív‡ì †`qv cvV AvZ¥¯’ K‡iB P‡j †h‡Zb j½iLvbvi Kv‡R|
KZ KvR Avi KvR| wekvj LvbKvi †g‡S Svo– †`qv| †gngvb‡ì
cÖ‡qvRb c~iY Kiv| kxZKv‡j AwZw_‡ì IRyi cvwb Mig K‡i
†`qv| gymvwdi‡ì RvgvKvco ay‡q †`qv| me Kv‡RB Acwb Ask
wb‡Zb|
evev Avcbv‡K ej‡Zb, Ô†`‡Lv, wb‡R‡K KviI †P‡q
AwfRvZ fve‡Z †bB| m¤§vwbZ wcZvi mšÍvb n‡jB Zzwg m¤§vwbZ
bI| gvbyl wn‡m‡e mK‡jB mgvb| mKj gvbylB m¤§vb cvIqvi
AwaKvi iv‡L| mK‡jB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †h wkï, Zv‡K `vI Avì I
†mev| †h †Zvgvi mgeqmx, Zv‡K `vI eÜzZ¡ I Kj¨v‡Yi evZ©v|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 39
†`LvI fv‡jvi c_| †h Ávbx, Zuv‡K `vI ¯^Zš¿ m¤§vb I gh©v`v|
†h eq¯‥, Zuvi cÖwZ cÖ`k©b K‡iv ZvwRg Avi kÖ×v| gvby‡li Rb¨
KvR K‡i eo nI| gvby‡li †`qv Kó‡K m‡q wb‡q eo nI| b`x
†hgb `yB K~‡j Zvi wewj‡q P‡j Rj, dzwU‡q P‡j mevi Z‡i km¨,
dzj I dj, †Zgwb nI| gbUv eo K‡iv AvKv‡ki g‡Zv| cvi‡e
†Zv evev?Õ
Avcwb mweb‡q ùvwo‡q cv‡k| kÖ×vq weMwjZ †hb| meUzKz
AvZ¥wek¦vm GKwÎZ K‡i ej‡jb, ÔBb kv Avjøvn, cvie
AveŸvRvb!Õ
wcZv Avcbvi nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡jb j½iLvbvq †mevi `vwqZ¡|
nvRvi nvRvi gvby‡li †¯ªvZ| GKwU gvbylI †hb g‡b Kó wb‡q bv
†d‡i| cÖ‡Z¨‡KB †hb mwVKfv‡e cvq Lvevi-`vevi| Zv wbwðZ
Ki‡Z n‡e Avcbv‡K| †jLvcovi mgqUzKz Qvov wb‡Ri Rb¨ †Kv‡bv
¯^Zš¿ mgq ivL‡jb bv Avcwb| w`b-iv‡Zi e¨¯ÍZv evwo‡q w`‡jb
eû¸Y| Pviw`‡K _v‡K Avcbvi mZK©`„wó| Kvi †Kv_vq †Kvb †mev
cÖ‡qvRb?
†`L‡jb GK e„×‡K| Ni †bB, evwo †bB Zuvi| AvkÖq wb‡q‡Q
j½iLvbvq| kixi G‡Kev‡i `ye©j| †Pv‡L Zuvi Qvwb| dR‡ii
AvRvb n‡q †M‡Q| mevB ARyi Rb¨ •Zwi n‡”Q| byi KzZye wb‡Ri
nv‡Z me eë¯’v Ki‡Qb| wfLvwi GKUv e`bv nv‡Z D‡V ùvovq
Avevi e‡m c‡o| †m hv‡e cvqLvbvq wKš‘ nuvUvi ¶gZv †bB|
†Pv‡L coj byi KzZy‡ei| †`․‡o G‡m evjK byi ej‡jb, Ôevev,
Avcbvi Wvb nvZUv Avgvi Kuv‡a ivLyb|Õ
Ô†Zvgv‡K †Zv wPbjvg bv evev?Õ
ÔAvwg byi KzZye| ì‡ek Avgvi wcZv|Õ
Ô†Zvgvi Kuv‡a Avwg Po‡Z cvwi bv| bv evev, †hfv‡eB cvwi,
hve| †Zvgv‡K Kó †`‡ev bv| Zzwg ì‡e‡ki †Q‡j, Avgvi cvc
n‡e!Õ
kZvãxi wPwV ● 40
Ôbv kÖ‡×q, Avwg ì‡e‡ki †Q‡j e‡j Avjv`v †KD bB| GB K_v
e‡j cÖvq meUzKz IRb e‡q byi KzZye wb‡Ri Nv‡o K‡i wfLvwi‡K wb‡q
†M‡jb cvqLvbvq| iv‡Z e„wó n‡qwQ‡jv| RvqMvwU wQ‡jv wcw”Qj|
wfLvwi‡K cvqLvbvq emv‡Z wM‡q wb‡RB c‡o †M‡jb gqjvi g‡a¨|
Rvgv-Kvco bó n‡q †M‡jv| Qov‡Z jvM‡jv `yM©Ü| wKš‘ Zv‡Z by‡ii
†Pv‡Lgy‡L †bB weiw³i †Kv‡bv Qvc| Lywk g‡b wfLvwi‡K Zuvi RvqMvq
†cu․‡Q w`‡q wb‡R cvKmvd n‡jb|
ì‡ek AvjvIj nK G‡K G‡K me Lei cvb| Lywk nb| mšÍvb
Zuvi B‡”Qg‡ZvB G¸‡”Q| wZwb AcwikÖg, wejvwmZv I eo‡jvwK N„Yv
Ki‡Zb| wb‡Ri mšÍvb‡K gvby‡li fw³i RvqMvq bq, †`L‡Z PvB‡Zb
†me‡Ki RvqMvq|
†K‡U hvq K‡qKwU eQi| evjK byi GLb hyeK| ì‡ek fve‡jb,
†Q‡j‡K AviI cix¶v Kiv ìKvi| j½iLvbvi ivbœvi R¡vjvwb KvV
msMÖ‡ni `vwqZ¡ w`‡jb byi‡K|
cvÐyqvi GKwU R½j| LvbKvi GK`j †meK KvV KvU‡Qb|
cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki gv_vq ïK‡bv Kv‡Vi G‡KKUv †evSv| by‡ii gv_vi †evSvwU
†ek fvix| Pj‡Z Pj‡Z c_ †kl nq bv| LvbKvn GLbI `~‡i| Nvo
†eu‡K hvq| ìì Nvg Si‡Q| cv `y‡Uv Avi P‡j bv| Lye Kó K‡i
G¸‡”Qb LvbKvi w`‡K|
nVvr myjZv‡bi †jvKRb| ïay †jvKRb bq, myjZv‡bi DwRiI,
†evSv gv_vq byi‡K †`‡L DwRi ej‡jb, ÔG‡Zv Kó Ki‡Qb ì‡ekcyÎ!
Gfv‡e Kó Avi K‡Zv? Avcwb Pjyb ivRvi ìev‡i| myjZvb‡K e‡j
GKUv PvKwii eë¯’v K‡i †è| GB Kv‡Ri PvB‡Z ivRìev‡ii PvKwi
A‡bK m¤§v‡bi|Õ byi KzZye Reve w`‡jb, ÔivRìev‡ii PvKwii PvB‡Z
Avjøvni ìev‡ii PvKwi A‡bK m¤§v‡bi|Õ
byi KzZzeyj Avjg cwiYZ n‡”Qb| mvg‡b K‡g©i wekvj gq`vb|
c_nviv gvbyl‡K w`‡Z n‡e m‡Zï w`kv| gyw³ I Kj¨v‡Yi cvV|
AÜKvi AvZ¥v¸‡jv‡K Ki‡Z n‡e Av‡jvwKZ| AvjvIj n‡Ki †mev I
Kj¨v‡Yi wgkb n‡jv AviI cÖmvwiZ| Kg©cwiwa we¯Í…Z n‡jv †`kgq|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 41
†`‡ki evB‡iI Qov‡jv cÖfve| Zuvi e¨q myjZv‡bi e¨‡qi wØ¸Y n‡q
DV‡jv| `~i-`~ivšÍ †_‡K Kv‡djvi ci Kv‡djv cÖwZw`b G‡m wfo
Ki‡Z jvM‡jv| Kv‡Qi I `~‡ii `xb`vi †jv‡Kiv Lvevi I UvKvKwo
w`‡q cÖPzi mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z _vK‡jb| nvRvi nvRvi GwZg, weaev, iæMœ,
cÖwZeÜxi jvjbcvjb Ki‡Z jvM‡jv LvbKv| †jvK‡ì gy‡L gy‡L
AvjvIj n‡Ki e›`bv| me©ÎB Zuvi †mev I Ae`v‡bi PP©v| cÖZ¨n †e‡o
PjwQ‡jv AvjvIj n‡Ki `vbkxjZv|
Zuvi e`vb¨Zvi mvg‡b myjZvb wmKv›`vi kv‡ni e`vb¨Zv ¤øvb n‡q
hvq| myjZv‡bi ìev‡i mvnv‡hï Rb¨ hZ gvbyl †hZ, Zuvi Kv‡Q
Avm‡Zv GiI AwaK| myjZv‡bi Rb¨ G wQ‡jv j¾vi, Acgv‡bi|
myjZvb fve‡jb, G‡Zv A_© †Kv_vq cvb AvjvIj? Z‡e wK Zvi wcZv
ivR‡Kv‡li KZ©„‡Z¡ _vKvi myweav †fvM Ki‡Qb wZwb? myjZvb GKw`‡K
Cl©vwš^Z, Aciw`‡K kw¼Z n‡jb| wKš‘ Zv‡Z Kx? AvjvIj nK †h
Zuvi gywk©`! wZwb Cl©v I k¼v‡K ivL‡Z PvB‡jb †Mvcb K‡i| †Póv
Ki‡jb mewKQz‡K ¯^vfvweKfv‡e †bqvi| wKš‘ Zv n‡Z w`‡jv bv PvUzKvi
wKQz gš¿x| Zviv myjZv‡bi Kv‡Q iO gvwL‡q A‡bK wKQz ej‡Zv| Ggb
msev` iUv‡Zv, hv myjZvb‡K AvZw¼Z K‡i| AvjvIj n‡Ki mv‡_ bvbv
wel‡q Zuvi we‡iva nw”Q‡jv| cÖfve cowQ‡jv cÖkvm‡b| d‡j wZwb
AvjvIj nK‡K Avi †g‡b wb‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv| ivRavbx †_‡K Zv‡K
mwi‡q †`qvB wbivc` g‡b Ki‡jb| Zuv‡K wZwb evsjvi Aci ivRavbx
†mvbviMuv‡q Ki‡jb wbe©vwmZ|
wb‡Ri hv wKQz weË, hv wKQz ¯§„wZ, ggZvi †h wcÖq bMiÑme wKQz
†cQ‡b †d‡j †mvbvi Muv‡q P‡j G‡jb Avcbvi wcZv| `yÕwU wekvj
evMvb `vb K‡i †M‡jb `yB msmviweivMx mvaK‡K| †mvbvi Muv‡q G‡jb
Lvwj nv‡Z| †mLv‡b ZLb Av‡Qb gnvb eû Av‡jg| Zuviv Af¨_©bv
Rvbv‡jb AvjvIj nK‡K| †mvbvi Muv Av‡MB wQ‡jv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| ÁvbPP©v
I wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Rb¨ wQ‡jv weL¨vZ| AvjvIj nK GLv‡b cÖwZôv
Ki‡jb bZzb GK LvbKv| †mev I ïw×i †K›`ª|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 42
gvby‡li †¯ªvZ GLb †mvbvi Muv Awfgy‡L GwM‡q Pj‡jv| AvjvIj
nK evwo‡q w`‡jb LvbKvi wgkbvwi ZrciZv| †¯^”Qv‡mex‡ì Av‡`k
Ki‡jb, ÔcvÐzqvi LvbKvi †P‡q GLv‡b LiP evwo‡q `vI `yB ¸Y|Õ
†Kv‡Ì‡K Avm‡e A_©? Rvb‡Z Pvq †meKiv| wZwb e‡jb, ÔAvjøvni
Kv‡Q Zzwg †hgb Avkv K‡iv, wZwb †ZgbB AvPiY Ki‡eb †Zvgvi
mv‡_| Zuvi KvQ †_‡K Avkv Kwi wecyj| wZwb wecyjfv‡eB †`‡eb|
†mev‡K wecyj K‡i `vI| LiP evovI, hZUv ev‡o|Õ LvbKvi e¨q
evo‡jv| cÖ_‡g wØ¸Y n‡jv, c‡i Zv AviI ev‡o Ges wZb¸‡Y wM‡q
ùvovq|
Avcwb †mvbviMuv‡qI LvbKvi mvgvb¨ GK Kg©xi g‡Zv| bZzb
cÖwZôvb, AwaK mgq w`‡Z nq| huviv Av‡mb, Zuv‡ì Lv`¨ •Zwi K‡ib,
weZiY K‡ib, Lv`¨ cvKv‡bvi Rb¨ KvV msMÖn K‡ib R½j †_‡K|
Avcbvi nvZ i³v³ nq, Avcbvi kixi ïwK‡q †h‡Z _v‡K, nvRvi
R‡bi †mevq Avcwb w`b-ivZ kÖg †`b| A‡bK mgq LvIqv n‡q I‡V
bv| Nygv‡bv n‡q I‡V bv|
gnvb AvjvI‡ji cyÎ wn‡m‡e mevB Avcbv‡K kÖ×v Ki‡Zv| wKš‘
Avcwb GLv‡bI Ki‡Zb gRy‡ii KvR, KvVywiqvi KvR, Svoy`v‡ii
KvR| iv‡Z Avcwb gMœ _vK‡Zb MÖš’cv‡V| AR¯ª MÖš’, KZ kZ wel‡q
KZ wecyj MÖš’ÑAvcbv‡K co‡Z n‡Zv Avi co‡Z n‡Zv| ag©ZË¡ †_‡K
†R¨wZwe©`¨v, `k©b †_‡K m½xZZË¡, BwZnvm †_‡K mgiwe`¨v, f~‡Mvj
†_‡K mgvR-ivRbxwZ ... ... KZ wKQz!
†mvbvi Muv‡qi LvbKv n‡jv •ewPÎgq| Avcbvi mvabv, Ávb I
cÖÁv Ges eë¯’vcbv †mLv‡b wb‡q G‡jv Avjv`v gvÎv| Avcbvi wcZvi
`v‡bi †¯ªvZ el©vi b`xi g‡Zv `yK~j Dc‡P eB‡Z jvM‡jv| Av‡iv AwaK
Rbmgy`ª Avcbv‡ì wN‡i Zi½vwqZ n‡Z _vK‡jv| wKš‘ GLv‡b
Avcbv‡ì _vKv nqwb †ewk w`b| gvÎ `yB eQi| Zvici cvÐzqv Avcb
fzj eyS‡Z cv‡i| Avcbv‡ì wdwi‡q †bq Avcb ey‡K| AviI AwaK
gh©v`vmn, AviI AwaK ¯^vaxbZvmn| cvÐzqvq wd‡i G‡m AvjvIj nK
Wz‡e †M‡jb wbR©b mvabvq|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 43
cuvP
Avcwb ZLb mgvR, ivRbxwZ I RvZxq m¼‡Ui cÖwZ mRvM|

†`‡L‡Qb wmK›ì kv‡ni wmsnvmb wN‡i †NvicvK †L‡Z _vKv me
weev`| myjZv‡bi `yB ¯¿xi SMov| eo ¯¿xi 17 mšÍvb, †QvU ¯¿xi
mšÍvb GKRb| Avi †mB GKRbB me‡P‡q †hvM¨, me‡P‡q
cÖÁvevb wMqvmywÏb AvRg kvn| eo ¯¿x Zuvi 17 mšÍvb w`‡q AvRg
kv‡ni Rxeb‡K wec`vcbœ K‡i Zyj‡jb| cÖv‡Yi f‡q wZwb cvjv‡jb
†M․o †_‡K| P‡j G‡jb †mvbvi Muv‡q| M‡o Zyj‡jb †mbvevwnbx|
GwM‡q G‡jb wcZvi wmsnvmb wN‡i lohš¿ `g‡b|
wKš‘ nvq! wcZvB GwM‡q G‡jb cÖwZ‡iv‡a| cy‡Îi ZrciZv
Zuvi Kv‡Q we‡`ªvn| wZwb Gi cÖwZweavb Ki‡ebB| hy× n‡jv
†NviZi| wcZv-cy‡Îi jovB| cyÎ wb‡la K‡i w`‡jb, †Kv‡bv †hv×v
Avgvi evev myjZvb wmK›ì kvn‡K †hb AvNvZ bv K‡i| wKš‘ me
†hv×v †Zv Avi Zuv‡K †P‡b bv| †Kv‡bv GK AmZK© •mwb‡Ki
†ec‡ivqv AvNv‡Z aywjjywÉZ n‡jb wmK›ì kvn| †m Zuv‡K wPb‡Zv
bv| Ab¨ GK •mwbK wmK›ì kvn‡K f~Zjkvqx †`‡L nZ¨vKvix
•mb¨‡K cÖkœ Ki‡jv, huv‡K Zzwg AvNvZ K‡i‡Qv, Zuv‡K †P‡bv? wZwb
myjZvb wmK›ì kvn| AvNvZKvix fxlYfv‡e Nve‡o †M‡jv| †m
e¨vKzjwP‡Ë Dcw¯’Z n‡jv wMqvmywÏ‡bi Kv‡Q| wb‡e`b Ki‡jv,
ÔgnvivR! hw` kÎæ‡K AvNvZ bv Ki‡j Zuvi nv‡Z wbnZ nevi
Avk¼v _v‡K, Z‡e Av‡MB Zuv‡K AvNvZ K‡i f~Zjkvqx Kiv wK
m½Z?Õ wMqvmywÏb ej‡jb, ÔAek¨B m½Z| wKš‘ G cÖkœ Ki‡Qv
†Kb? Zzwg wK Avgvi wcZv‡K AvNvZ K‡i‡Qv? nZ¨v K‡i‡Qv?Õ
•mwbK ej‡jv, ÔAvwg myjZvb‡K g„Zzï gy‡L †V‡j w`‡qwQ| wKš‘
Zuv‡K wPbZvg bv| wZwb Avgvi w`‡K †a‡q AvmwQ‡jb| Avwg Zuvi
kZvãxi wPwV ● 44
ey‡K GKwU el©v we× Kwi| Zuvi cÖvYevqy GLbI †ei nqwb †`n
†_‡K|Õ
AvRg kvn ZLbB wcZvi Kv‡Q Qz‡U †M‡jb| AvnZ wcZvi
gv_v †Kv‡ji Dci ivL‡jb| †Pv‡L Zuvi AkÖæ, K‡É AbyZvc|
ej‡jb, ÔwcZv, †PvL Lyjyb| Avgvi wb‡la m‡Ë¡I G NUbv N‡U‡Q|
AwšÍgKv‡j Avgv‡K Dc‡`k w`b| Avcbvi †h †Kv‡bv Av‡`k
cÖwZcvwjZ n‡e| wcZv Zuvi w`‡K ZvKv‡jb| wZwb g½j Pvb
mšÍv‡bi| wZwb Lywk, KviY Zuvi cyÎ weRqx n‡Z Rv‡b| †bZ…Z¡
w`‡Z Rv‡b| †`k‡K, †`‡ki RbM‡K †m cwiPvjbvi `ÿZv iv‡L|
wmK›ì kvn cyÎ‡K Rvbv‡jb ïfvwkl| ej‡jb, ÔAvwg †kl
md‡ii hvÎx| †Zvgvi Rb¨ Avgvi †kl cÖv_©bvÑ†Lv`v Zvqvjv
weRq‡K †Zvgvi wPim½x Kiæb|Õ mšÍv‡bi mvd‡jï Avb‡›` g„`y
nvwm gy‡L wb‡q wZwb eiY Ki‡jb g„Zz¨‡K| Rqx n‡jb AvRg kvn|
AwaKvi Ki‡jb wcZvi wmsnvmb|
ivRbxwZi GB Aw¯’i Pµ Avcwb wbweofv‡e cvV K‡i‡Qb
LvbKvq e‡m e‡m| gnvb AvjvIj nK Avcbvi nv‡Z Zz‡j †`b
LvbKvi ¸iæfvi| 1398 mv‡j Zuvi B‡šÍKv‡ji c‡i Avcwb nb
†MvUv RvwZi AwffveK| Zuvi †LjvdZcÖvß Ab¨me wkl¨ Avcbvi
†bZ…Z¡‡K eiY K‡i †bb| AviRyg›` KzZ‡e Avjg †kL byiæj nK
in., wgi mvB‡q` Avkivd Rvnvw½i wmgbvwb in. Aej¤^b K‡ib
Avcbvi w`Kwb‡`©kbv| Avcbvi Ávb-Mwigv, Ava¨vwZ¥K kw³ I
gvbe‡mevi K_v Pviw`‡K Qwo‡q co‡jv| wewfbœ ¯’vb †_‡K eû
mvaK G‡m MÖnY Ki‡jb Avcbvi wkl¨Z¡|
kvqL ûmvgywÏb gvwbKcywi, mvBwq` kvgmywÏb Zv‡ni, mvBwq`
Avwj AvKevi, kvqL †ivKbywÏb, kvqL KvKz in. wQ‡jb Avcbvi
weL¨vZ wkl¨ I mnPi| Avcbvi cyÎ kvqL widvZywÏb, kvqL
Av‡bvIqvi kwn` Ges bvwZ kvqL Rvwn` in. Avcbvi ZË¡veav‡b
M‡o I‡Vb| cvi`k©x n‡q I‡Vb Ava¨vwZ¥K Áv‡b, nvwmj K‡ib
KvgvjvZ| Avcbvi nvZ a‡i LvbKv n‡q DV‡jv GKwU Ávb I
kZvãxi wPwV ● 45
wPšÍv‡K›`ªI| G‡K †K‡›`ª †i‡L †`ke¨vcx Bmjvwg wkÿv, ms¯‥…wZ I
†mevi GKwU e¨vcK cÖqvm nv‡Z †bb Avcwb| LvbKvi AvIZvq
cwiPvwjZ nq eû gvìvmv| cÖavb gvìvmvwU n‡q I‡V D”PZi
ÁvbvMvi| Zvi Zzjbv †Kej Pj‡Zv †mvbviMvu‡qi BwZnvmweL¨vZ
gvìvmvi mv‡_| †mvbvi Muv‡qi gvìvmvi b¨vq Avcbvi gvìvmvI
AwZ Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ evsjvi Bmjvwg Ávb Abykxj‡bi cÖvY‡K›`ª
n‡q I‡V| evsjvi evB‡iI Qwo‡q c‡o Gi myevm| Dcgnv‡`‡ki
wewfbœ RvqMv †_‡K AmsL¨ wkÿv_©x GLv‡b wfo Rgv‡Z _v‡Kb|
†L`g‡Z LvjK ev m„wó‡mev wQj Avcbvi wcZvi cÖavb
cÖeYZv, Avcwb Gi mv‡_ hy³ Ki‡jb ivR‣bwZK I eyw×e„wËK
mwµqZv| AvRg kvn Avcbvi kiY wb‡Zb ivóªkvm‡b| Avcwb
ivR‣bwZK mwµqZv‡K ¸iæZ¡mnKv‡i MÖnY Ki‡jb| Avcwb ivRZ¡
bq, dwKwi †P‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ dwKwii Avmb †_‡K ivRv‡ì kvmb
K‡i‡Qb| ivRv‡ì mv‡_ m¤úK© AKvi‡Y Lvivc Ki‡Zb bv|
miKvi I cÖkvmb‡K Kj¨vYx Kv‡R mvnvh¨ I mnvqZv Ki‡Zb|
GwU wQ‡jv Avcbvi mvgwMÖK `vIqvn Kvh©µ‡giB GK Ask| G‡Z
Avcbvi e¨w³MZ myL-myweavi cÖkœ RwoZ wQ‡jv bv| e¨w³MZfv‡e
Avcwb Zuv‡ì †Kv‡bv `vbB MÖnY Ki‡Zb bv| wKš‘ LvbKvi D‡Ï‡k¨
hv Avm‡Zv, Zv‡K Kì Ki‡Zb| wMqvmywÏb AvRg kvn Avcbvi
LvbKvq wecyj Lvevi I mnvqZv `vb Ki‡jb GK`v| LvbKv
cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ myjZvb û‡mb kvn cÖ`Ë jv‡LivR m¤ú‡ì
cwigvY w`‡jb evwo‡q| Zuv‡K ¯^vMZ Rvwb‡q, gh©v`vmnKv‡i Avcwb
G‡K MÖnY Ki‡jb|
Avcbvi cÖavb wkl¨ kvqL ûmvgywÏb gvwbKcywi wQ‡jb Kv‡QB|
wZwb we‡kl GB ¸iæZ¡`vb cQ›` K‡ibwb| e‡jb, Ôag©xq RM‡Zi
GKRb ev`kvn KZ©©„K cvw_©e RM‡Zi GKRb ev`kv‡ni cÖwZ GB
m¤§vb Rvbv‡bv wK DwPZ n‡”Q?Õ Avcwb Zuv‡K ïwb‡q w`‡jb bwe
mvjøvjøvû Avjvqwn Iqv mvjøv‡gi nvw`m| hv‡Z myjZv‡bi mv‡_
mym¤úK© iÿvi Dc‡`k i‡q‡Q| cÖkœ Kivi Rb¨ Zuv‡K Rvbv‡jb
kZvãxi wPwV ● 46
abëv`| Avcbvi mv‡_ wfbœgZ cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv wklïv| cÖkœ
Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv †h †KD| Avcwb G‡Z ÿzYœ n‡Zb bv| ¯^vaxb g‡Zi
PP©v‡K Avcwb Drmvn w`‡Zb| wPšÍvi †Mvjvwg Pvwc‡q w`‡Z PvB‡Zb
bv KviI Dci| Pvwc‡q w`‡Z PvB‡Zb bv cÖkœnxb AvbyMZ¨|
Avcwb ivRv‡ì mv‡_ m¤úK© ivL‡Zb, wKš‘ Zv‡ì Av¯Ívbvq
KL‡bv nvwRiv †`bwb| ZuvivB Avm‡Zb Avcbvi Kv‡Q| Zuv‡ì
†Kv‡bv ivR‣bwZK myweav nvwm‡ji KuvPvgvj n‡Zb bv| Zuv‡ì
cÖ`wk©Z m¤§vb I cÖ`Ë mnvqZvq Avcwb M‡j †h‡Zb bv| Zviv
cvi‡Zv bv KviI Øviv Avcbv‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z| Avcbvi eo cyÎ
widvZzwÏ‡bi mv‡_ iv‡óªi wKQz DwR‡ii NwbôZvq Avcwb nb ÿzä|
Avcbvi wbKUR‡bi Øviv †KD Avcbv‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡e, GUv cQ›`
Ki‡Zb bv | ivRbëM© I cÖkvmK‡ì mv‡_ m™¢ve eRvq †i‡L
Avcwb Zuv‡ì †`Lv‡Zb mZ¨c_, w`‡Zb Kj¨v‡Yi meK| Bmjvwg
eë¯’vcbvq cÖkvmb Pvjv‡Z Zuv‡ì w`‡Zb Drmvn |
Avcwb Rvb‡Zb mvgvwRK I ivR‣bwZK wel‡q wbwe©Kvi †_‡K
†Kej Avjøvni a¨vb Kivi bvg ì‡ewk bq; GUv bq `vCi KvR|
mgvR I ivRbxwZ m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb _vKv Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b Zv‡Z
mnvqZv Kiv, f~wgKv ivLv, mZ¨-mZZvi Av‡`k I AmZ¨-
AmZZvq wb‡la Kiv ì‡e‡ki `vwqZ¡| Avcwb Rxebe¨vcx mvabvq
G Av`k© ¯’vcb K‡i †M‡Qb| hy‡Mi MwZ-cÖK…wZ I ev¯ÍeZvi wkiv-
Dcwkivi mv‡_ ivL‡Zb ms‡hvM| `x‡bi K_v ej‡Zb mg‡qi
fvlvq| Rvb‡Zb, mgq, mgKvj I ev¯ÍeZv m¤ú‡K© AÁZv wb‡q
mgvR I iv‡óª `xwb f~wgKvcvjb djcÖm~ nq bv| G‡Z `yÕw`K w`‡q
dvq`v n‡jI wZb w`K w`‡q my`~icÖmvix ÿwZ n‡q hvq| Avcwb
ZvB gywi` I wkÿv_©x‡ì †Kej ag©xq-Ava¨vwZ¥K wkÿv w`‡qB ÿvšÍ
n‡Zb bv| Zuv‡ì‡K mgq, mgKvj, mgvR I ev¯ÍeZvi †ev‡a Zxÿè
K‡i Zzj‡Zb| Zuv‡ì DØy× Ki‡Zb mgvRKj¨vY, gvbe‡mev I
cvw_©e we`¨v AR©‡b| Zuv‡ì ag©RMZ I ev¯Íe Kg©RMZ‡K c„_K
n‡Z w`‡Zb bv| Avjøvni c‡_ `vIqv‡Z Zuv‡ì wjß I cÖ¯‘Z
kZvãxi wPwV ● 47
_vK‡Z ej‡Zb Rxebfi| gvbe‡mev Avi †PZbv I K‡g©i
cwi”QbœZv w`‡q Rxeb‡K mvRv‡Z ej‡Zb| hviv G c‡_ AMÖYx,
Zviv †c‡Zv Avcbvi we‡kl fv‡jvevmv| GKRb gvIjvbv
ZvRDÏxb gvbeKj¨v‡Y AvZ¥wb‡e`b Ges m‡Zï cÖPv‡i
AvZ¥wb‡qv‡Mi d‡j Avcbvi we‡kl •bKU¨ †c‡jb, Avcwb Zuvi
Kv‡Q we‡q †`b wb‡Ri GKgvÎ †evb‡K|
Avcbvi g‡ZvB ivRbxwZ m‡PZb mvaK wQ‡jb gyRvddi kvgm
ejwL| Avcbv‡ì †evSvcov wQ‡jv, gZv‣bK¨ wQ‡jv bv| cÖxwZ wQ‡jv,
cÖwZ‡hvwMZv wQ‡jv bv| Ab¨ ì‡ek‡ì mv‡_I Avcbvi mn‡hvwMZv wQ‡jv,
Ø›Ø wQ‡jv bv| fvwe, Avcbviv hw` GK I †h․_ bv n‡Zb, cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z
cvi‡Zb bv †mB Kv‡jvS‡oi| gymwjg evsjvi †fZ‡i-evB‡i †h So
webvkx PwiÎ wb‡q nvg‡j c‡owQ‡jv| wMqvmywÏb AvRg kvn †h wech©‡qi
Drm m¤ú‡K© wQ‡jb D`vmxb|
ivRv M‡Yk wQ‡jv wech©‡qi Avmj †nvZv| Zvi gbyev` I
gnvfviZxq mv¤ªvRëv`‡K P¨v‡jÄ Ki‡jb Avcwb I kvgm ejwL|
eªvþYëv`x P‡µi †`wk-we‡`wk †h ms‡hvM ivóª‡K †dvKjv K‡i
w`‡”Q, evi evi civwRZ Ki‡Q mgigv‡V, †mbvevwnbx‡K K‡i
Zyj‡Q ¶wqòzÑAvcwb †mB ms‡hvM‡K wPwýZ Ki‡Z jvM‡jb|
cÖkvm‡bi me©Î eªvþYëv‡ì cwiKwíZ AbycÖ‡e‡ki `‡ivRv
Avcbviv eÜ K‡i w`‡Z PvB‡jb| kvgm ejwL wPwV wjL‡jb
wMqvmywÏb AvRg kvn‡K| A‡bK¸‡jv wPwV| †Kgb wQ‡jv †mB me
m‡¤^vab? Kxfv‡e wZwb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Zb cÎfvlv?
AvR‡Ki mvaK nq‡Zv AevK n‡eb wKš‘ wZwb myjZvb‡K
wjL‡Zb Gfv‡eBÑÔZzwg ivRv Ges hyeK| AZx‡Z GKUv mgq myL
†fvM Avi Av‡gv`-cÖ‡gv‡` gMœ wQ‡j| GLb Kvgbv KiQ cweÎ
Rxeb, ag©wbô Rxeb|Õ
GK c‡Î wZwb e‡j w`‡jb, ÔcÖkvm‡bi msL¨vjNy Kg©KZ©v‡ì
eo GKwU Ask AvgvZ¨ M‡Y‡ki Aaxb| Avi M‡Yk Pvicv‡k wN‡i
_vKv kÎæiv‡óªi mn‡hvMx| Zviv Pvq gbyev‡ì weRq| AZGe mvay mveavb!Õ
kZvãxi wPwV ● 48
Qq
Avcwb Avi kvgm ejwL ïay ì‡ek wQ‡jb bv, mgvRZË¡ I

mvgwiKZvqI wQ‡jb Kzkjx| †mvbvi Muv‡q, kidzwÏb Avey
ZvIqvgvi wek¦we`¨vj‡q ejwL Ávb jvf K‡ib| wk¶K wn‡m‡e
Avey ZvIqvgv‡K cvbwb Avcwb, †c‡qwQ‡jb BqvnBqv gv‡bwi‡K|
Avcwb gv‡bwii wkl¨ nb K¬v‡m bq, mvwbœ‡a¨| †mvbvi Muv‡q ¯’vbvšÍi
Avm‡j Avcbvi Rb¨ Avkxe©v`B wQ‡jv| BqvnBqv gv‡bwi Avcbvi
wcZvi mv‡_ •Zwi Ki‡jb we‡kl ms‡hvM| `yB mgy‡`ªi wgjb n‡jv|
GKRb n‡jb Av‡iKR‡bi Øviv kw³kvjx| evsjvi gymwjg Rxeb
G `yB mva‡Ki K¶c‡_ AvewZ©Z nw”Q‡jv| Df‡qi g‡a¨ AvjvIj
nK wQ‡jb AwaK cÖfvekvjx| gv‡bwii †¯œn`„wó I mvwbœa¨
†c‡qwQ‡jb Avcwb| Zuvi Kj¨v‡Y, †mvbvi Muv wek¦we`¨vjq, Zvi
gvbmMVb cÖwµqv Ges wk¶KK~j‡K Avcwb †c‡q hvb Avcb
K‡i|
kvqL kidzwÏb Avey ZvIqvgvi wPšÍv I mvabvaviv †mvbvi
Muv‡q ZLb RxešÍ| mPj I cÖfvekvjx| †evLvivi Awaevmx wQ‡jb
Avey ZvIqvgv| `xN© eëavb m‡Ë¡I Bgvg †evLvwi in.-Gi ÁvbMZ
DËivwaKvi‡K wZwb jvjb Ki‡Zb| Bgvg †evLvwii g‡Zv Zuv‡KI
aviY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb †evLviv| cÖavbZ ivR‣bwZK Kvi‡Y Avcb
Rb¥kni Z¨vM K‡i wZwb AvMgb K‡ib w`wjø‡Z| 1260 mv‡j
w`wjø‡Z Avmvi K‡qK eQ‡ii g‡a¨B kniwU‡Z Zuvi Ávb I wPšÍvMZ
cÖfve nq e¨vcK| Avey ZvIqvgv n‡q I‡Vb fvi‡Zi kxl© gbxlx|
w`wjøi mvjZvbvZ Zuvi Áv‡bi cÖfve I cÖZvc‡K fv‡jv †Pv‡L
†`‡Lwb| fq †c‡q hvq Zuvi RbwcÖqZv‡K| Avey ZvIqvgv hw` Pvb,
RbMY‡K D‡¯‥ w`‡q w`wjøi gmb` D‡ë w`‡Z cv‡ib| GB wQ‡jv
mvjZvbv‡Zi fxwZ I AvZ¼| A_P w`wjøi ¯’vqx Awaevmx wQ‡jb
kZvãxi wPwV ● 49
bv wZwb| wQ‡jb GKvšÍB `ywbqvweivMx| Ae¯’vb wb‡qwQ‡jb w`wjøi
†QvU GK gmwR‡ì cv‡k| †mLv‡bB hv‡ì‡K †c‡Zb Ges hviv
PvB‡Zv, Zv‡ì‡K Ávb `vb Ki‡Zb|
AbwZwej‡¤^ Zuvi cvV`v‡bi L¨vwZ mviv fvi‡Z Qov‡jv| nvRvi
nvRvi wk¶v_©x Zuv‡K wN‡i †g․gvwQi PvK iPbv Ki‡jv| mßv‡n GK w`b
RbmvaviY‡K ag© I ms¯‥…wZ m¤ú‡K© wZwb Dc‡`k w`‡Zb| †mw`b mviv
w`wjø †f‡O co‡Zv Zuvi gnjøvq| ivRv, ivRcyÎ †_‡K wb‡q wfLvwi,
me©nvivÑmK‡jB aywji Avm‡b mv‡gï Rjmvq e‡m †h‡Zv| ivRv‡ì fyj
awi‡q w`‡Zb, KiYxq wb‡`©k Ki‡Zb| Avwgi-beve‡ì B”Qvwejv‡mi
mgv‡jvPbv Ki‡Zb, †`Lv‡Zb myc_| KviI fv‡jvjvMv-g›`jvMvi †Kv‡bv
c‡ivqvB wQ‡jv bv Zuvi| A_P Avey ZvIqvgvi GKwU Lycwo Qvov †Kv‡bv
Ni †bB, evmfeb †bB| gmwR‡`B G‡ZKvd K‡ib eQifi| w`wjøm¤ªvU
bvwmiæwÏb gvngy` kvn-1 (1246-1265 wLª.) Zuvi m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv
cÖwZwµqv †`Lvbwb| wKš‘ cieZ©x‡Z, weËnxb GB dwK‡ii cÖfve hLb
me©e¨vcx, ZLbB myjZvb wMqvmywÏb ejeb (1266-1287 wLª.) Zuv‡K
w`wjø Z¨v‡Mi Av‡`k w`‡jb| Av‡`k †c‡q webv cÖwZev‡`, mš‘ówP‡Ë
wZwb †ewi‡q G‡jb| nvRviI RbZv †iv`b K‡i Avey ZvIqvgvi †cQ‡b
hvÎv Ki‡jv| m¤ªvU ejebI QÙ‡e‡k Kv‡djvi m½ wb‡jb|
GK mgq| D‡ËwRZ RbZv Avey ZvIqvgvi Pvicv‡k| QÙ‡ekx
ejeb Zv‡ì n‡q K_v ej‡Qb| ÔAvcwb ûKzg Kiæb, AvRB Avgiv
eje‡bi gmb‡` Av¸b jvwM‡q †`‡ev|Õ
nvRviI RbZv cÖwZaŸwb Zzj‡jvÑÔGUvB †nvK! Avcbv‡K Avgiv
emv‡ev ¶gZvq A_ev emv‡ev Zuv‡K, huv‡K Avcwb Aby‡gv`b Ki‡eb|Õ
Avey ZvIqvgv kvšÍ, ax‡iv`vË| ej‡jb, Ô_v‡gv...! Avwg
Avjøvni GK B”Qv †_‡K Av‡iK B”Qvi w`‡K hvw”Q|
ÔAvwg, Avgiv Ggb bB, hv‡ì‡K AvNvZ Ki‡j cÖwZ‡kva †bq|Õ
Ôe¨w³MZ nviv‡bv ej‡Z Avgv‡ì †Kv‡bv nviv‡bv †bB|
Avgv‡ì nviv‡bv †mUvB, †hUv nvivq Avgv‡ì RvwZ|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 50
Ô†Zvgiv we‡`ªvn Ki‡Z PvI? nüv, we‡`ªvn K‡iv †mB Pwi‡Îi
weiæ‡×, †h Pwi‡Îi Kvi‡Y †Zvgiv GK Avey ZvIqvgvi Rb¨ GK
mv¤ªvR¨‡K weivb Ki‡Z PvI| hy‡×i Av¸b R¡vjv‡Z PvI|Õ
ÔAvgvi Rb¨ †Zvgiv DwØMœ n‡qv bv| DwØMœ nI †mB åóZvi
weiæ‡×, hv †Zvgv‡ì I †Zvgv‡ì kvmK‡ì `vwqZ¡nxb K‡i
†i‡L‡Q|Õ
Ô¶gZv Avgiv PvB bv| hLb PvB‡Z _vK‡ev, ZLb Avgiv Avi
Avgiv _vK‡ev bv| ¶gZv‡K myc‡_ Pvjv‡bvi †Póv Avgv‡ì|
w`wjø‡Z _vK‡Z GUv †hgb P‡j‡Q, `~‡i †M‡jI Pj‡e| Avwg
Pjjvg| †Zvgiv wd‡i hvI| w`wjø I w`wjøi myjZv‡bi Rb¨ †`vqv
_vK‡e Avgvi|Õ
m¤ªvU ejeb ZZ¶‡Y j¾v I Aciva‡ev‡a gvwU n‡q hv‡”Qb|
mva‡Ki Avmj Aeqe †`‡L kÖ×v I fv‡jvevmvq by‡q co‡jb|
QÙ‡ek cwiZ¨vM K‡i wb‡e`b Ki‡jb, ÔAvwgB ejeb, †n gnvb!
Avwg Acivax| w`wjø Avcbvi| Avcwb w`wjø‡Z Avmyb|Õ
wKš‘ Avey ZvIqvgv wdi‡jb bv| wZwb m¤ªvU I RbZv‡K
Kj¨v‡Yi Dc‡`k w`‡q we`vq K‡i w`‡jb| giæf~wg gvwo‡q Pj‡Z
_vK‡jb `~‡ii w`M‡šÍ|
D‡Ïk¨ XvKvi wbKUeZ©x †mvbviMuv| c‡_, gv‡b‡i, ivwÎ hvcb
Ki‡jb, gnvb mywd, gvL`ygyj gyjK BqvnBqv gv‡bwii evmvq|
BqvnBqv gv‡bwii cyÎ kidzwÏb| Zuvi eqm ZLb 15 eQi| AZ¨šÍ
†gavex wkÿv_©x kidzwÏb| fviZe‡iY¨ ÁvbZvcm Avey ZvIqvgv‡K
eyS‡Z fzj Ki‡jb bv| Zuvi e¨w³‡Z¡ n‡q †M‡jb gy»| Avey
ZvIqvgvI Zuvi g‡a¨ †`L‡jb fyeb RvMv‡bv m¤¢vebv| fwel¨‡Zi
wecyj Hk¦h©|
kidzÏxb gnvb †gngv‡bi m½x n‡Z PvB‡jb| gv‡qi AvMÖnI
ZvB| gnvb †gngvbI Am¤§Z bb| BqvnBqv gv‡bwi A‡bK Avì
I †`vqv w`‡q cyÎ‡K cvVv‡jb †gngv‡bi m‡½| hLb we`vq w`‡jb,
†Pv‡L Zuvi AkÖæ| wZwb wK Rvb‡Zb, cyÎ‡K Rxe‡b Avi †`L‡Z
kZvãxi wPwV ● 51
cvi‡eb bv? wZwb wK Rvb‡Zb Zuvi cyÎ fwel¨Z‡K ivOvevi Rb¨
Áv‡bi Ggb mgy‡`ª Wze †`‡eb, †hLv‡b Zuvi g„Zzï AvIqvRI †kvbv
hvq bv!
668 wnRwi, 1270 wLªóv‡ã Avey ZvIqvgv I Zuvi wkl¨
†mvbviMuv‡q DcbxZ nb| GLv‡b ¯’vqxfv‡e ïiæ K‡ib emevm|
AZtci GK wkl¨‡K w`‡q ïiæ n‡e GK ¸iæi we`¨vjqÑ†hLv‡b
GK mgq G‡m wfo Ki‡e wenvi, `vw¶YvZ¨, †Lvivmvb, Kv›`vnvi,
†evLviv GgbwK wmwiqv-B‡q‡g‡bi Ávbwccvmyiv| †mvbviMuv‡qi
we`¨vjq weL¨vZ n‡q DV‡e nvw`m, ZvmvDd, jwRK I †b․we`¨vi
Rb¨| †R¨vwZwe©Ávb, BwZnvm, mgvRZË¡, ag©ZË¡, AvBbZË¡ GLv‡b
¸iæZ¡ cv‡e| mg‡qi eëav‡b GwU ïay we`¨vjqB _vK‡e bv| n‡q
DV‡e mgvR-ivRbxwZi †kvabvMvi| Zvi _vK‡e wbR¯^
†b․evwnbxÑcÖej I AcÖwZnZ †b․evwnbx| GKwU wek¦we`¨vjq n‡q
DV‡e b`x-mgy`ª‡Niv evsjvi RbRxe‡bi wbivcËvi AvgvbZ`vi|
evsjvi ag©Rxe‡bi ïw× I myi¶v, mvs¯‥…wZK m‡PZbZv, ¯^vaxbZv I
RvZxq msnwZ i¶v, wn›`y-gymwjg m¤cÖxwZ, nvbv`vi‡ì cÖwZ‡iva
BZ¨vw` wel‡q wbf©iZvi †K›`ª n‡q DV‡e G wek¦we`¨vjq| wLªóxq
1300 m‡b Avey ZvIqvgvi B‡šÍKv‡ji c‡i Gi cÖavb n‡eb
kidzwÏb BqvnBqv gv‡bwi| gv‡bwi n‡eb Zuvi †hvM¨Zi cÖwZwbwa|
†mvbviMuv‡q wZwb Aa¨qb Ki‡eb KziAvb gwR‡ì Zvdwmi-
m~²ZË¡, Bmjvwg AvBbZË¡, `k©b, BwZnvm, mvgvwRK weÁvb I
Bmjvwg Ávb‡jv‡Ki Ab¨vb¨ kvLv| 668 †_‡K 690 wnRwi Aewa
22wU eQi GKvav‡i wZwb Ávbmvabvq Wz‡e _vK‡eb| G mgq wZwb
wew”Qbœ _vK‡eb RM‡Zi me ai‡bi e¨¯ÍZv †_‡K| HKvwšÍKZv I
GKvMÖZvq ¯’vcb Ki‡eb `„óvšÍ| kvqL Avey ZvIqvgvi cvV`vb n‡e
Db¥y³| Zv‡Z wkÿv_©x, cÖkvmK, Av‡jg, ch©UK I we‡`wk
†gngvbiv AskMÖnY Ki‡Zb| wfo Rg‡Zv Zxeª| GKvšÍ
mgq¸‡jv‡ZI `~ivMZ gvby‡li mgvMg| gv‡bwi wbweo Ávb-
M‡elYvi Rb¨ G †_‡K `~‡i _vK‡Z ïiæ Ki‡eb| me©Rbxb
kZvãxi wPwV ● 52
wkÿv‡K‡›`ª †`Lv hv‡e Zuvi Abycw¯’wZ| d‡j h_vmg‡q AvnviMÖnY
A‡bK mgq m¤¢e n‡e bv| d‡j Zuvi Rb¨ Lvevi MÖn‡Yi ¯^Zš¿
eë¯’v K‡i †`‡eb| hv‡Z wZwb cy‡iv mgq Aa¨qb, M‡elYvPP©v I
Ava¨vZ¥we`¨vq Mfxifv‡e gMœ _v‡Kb| G mg‡q wewfbœ RvqMv †_‡K
Zuvi Kv‡Q hZ wPwV Avm‡e, GKwUI cvV bv K‡i me R‡ov K‡i
ivL‡eb GKwU ev‡·| Aa¨qb hLb mgvß n‡e, wPwV¸‡jv †ei K‡i
cvV Ki‡eb| GKwU wPwV †_‡K Rvb‡eb, 690 wnRwii kvevb gv‡m
(1291 wLª.) Zuvi gnvb wcZv B‡šÍKvj K‡i‡Qb| c‡o n‡eb †kv‡K
e¨vKzj| weaev gv‡K †`‡L Avmvi Rb¨ wkÿ‡Ki AbygwZ wb‡q wZwb
wcZ…f~wg‡Z wd‡i Avm‡eb|
ZLb mKj cÖKvi Bmjvwg Ávb-weÁv‡b we‡kl cvi`wk©Zv
wZwb AR©b K‡i‡Qb| jvf K‡i‡Qb ÁvbZ‡Ë¡ cwicK¡Zv| 690 ev
691 wnRwi‡Z wZwb hvb Iwjm¤ªvU wbRvgywÏb AvIwjqvi mKv‡k|
AvIwjqvi mv‡_ Zuvi nq mvdj¨gwÐZ GK mvÿvrKvi| G‡Z
mgmvgqwK KZK¸‡jv ¸iæZ¡c©~Y RwUj ag©ZvwË¡K cÖ‡kœ Df‡qi
msjvc nq| wewea wel‡q wZwb h_v_© I wel` we‡kølY Dc¯’vcb
K‡ib| Zv‡Z wbRvgywÏb AvIwjqv G‡Zv cÖxZ I Z…ß nb †h,
Avb‡›ì AvwZk‡h¨ Zuvi m¤§y‡L wb‡Ri GK_vjv cvb Dc¯’vcb
K‡ib| Dcgnv‡`‡k mywdZ‡Ë¡i BwZnv‡m G NUbv bwRiwenxb|
gv‡bwi PvB‡jb AvIwjqvi kvM‡iw` MÖnY Ki‡Z| wZwb Zuv‡K j¶
K‡i dviwm fvlvq e‡j DV‡jbÑÔKíbvi wekvj CMj cvwL G,
Gu‡K Avgv‡ì duv‡` a‡i ivLv hv‡e bv|Õ gv‡bwi m¤ú©‡K AvjnvR
wbRvgywÏb Avj-Mwie Avj-Bqv‡gwb †h K_v wj‡L‡Qb, Zvi PvB‡Z
D”Pgv‡bi K_v m¤¢eZ nq bv| jvZv‡qdzj Avkivwd MÖ‡š’ wZwb
wj‡Lb, ÔnRiZ kvqL kidzwÏb ag©xq Ávb-weÁvb I Ava¨vwZ¥K
M~pin‡mï cÖwZwU kvLv‡K D”PZi gv‡b AvqË Kivi ci w`wjø‡Z
Ae¯’vbKvix wbRvgywÏb AvIwjqvi ìev‡i Dc¯’wZ nb| Av‡e`b
K‡ib, Zuv‡K GKRb Ava¨vZ¥vwK kvM‡i` wnmv‡e MÖnY Kivi Rb¨|
ZLb myjZvbyj gvkv‡qL gv_v bZ K‡i iB‡jb| A`„k¨ RMZ
kZvãxi wPwV ● 53
†_‡K Bw½‡Zi A‡cÿv Ki‡jb| `xN©ÿY c‡i, wè¨wb‡`©kbv jvf
K‡i ej‡jb, ÒfvB kidzwÏb, Avcwb Ava¨vZ¥wK Ávb jvf I PP©vi
Rb¨ Avgv‡ì fvB bwReywÏb †di‡`․wmi wbKU hvb|ÓÕ
HwZnvwmK m~‡Î ¯úó, Ava¨vwZ¥K mvabvq wZwb c~Y©Zv ¯úk©
K‡ib †mvbviMuv‡q, Avey ZvIqvgvi Kv‡Q| Avey ZvIqvgvi
wb‡`©kbvq wZwb Ava¨vwZ¥K `xÿv`v‡bi AbygwZi Rb¨B g~jZ nvwRi
nb AvIwjqvi ìev‡i| Gi cvkvcvwk RvZxq Rxe‡b ag©xq
†bZ…Z¡`v‡bi Avmbœ mg‡q Zuvi Rb¨ w`wjøi eyRyM©‡ì Ava¨vwZ¥K
c„ô‡cvlKZvi cÖ‡qvRb wQ‡jv| Avey ZvIqvgv Rvb‡Zb, Zuvi mgq
dzwi‡q Avm‡Q| gv‡bwi‡K wZwb e„nr j‡ÿ¨ •Zwi KiwQ‡jb| wb‡Ri
Kb¨vi we‡q m¤úbœ K‡ib Zvi mv‡_| webqx I wb‡ew`Z mywdmvaK
wQ‡jb gv‡bwi| wZwb me©`vB wb‡Ri g‡a¨ Ac~Y©Zv I ÎæwU Zvjvk
Ki‡Zb| gnvb gbxlx‡ì †_‡K wbišÍi Av‡jv MÖn‡Y DrmyK
_vK‡Zb| mywdmvabvq huviv eo, Zuviv c~Y©Zv AR©‡bi c‡iI
gyiæweŸnxb _vK‡Z Pvb bv| †m Kvi‡YB wZwb w`wjø‡Z hvb e„nr GK
Qvqvi AvkÖ‡q wb‡R‡K mgc©‡Yi Rb¨|
A_P wZwb wb‡RB wQ‡jb e„nr I gnr GK Qvqv`vi eUe„ÿ|
†MvUv evsjv-wenvi-Dwol¨vi gvby‡li AvkÖ‡qi GK cvUvZb| Áv‡bi
wewfbœ kvLvq Zuvi mywbðq cÖvÁZv †MvUv fvi‡Z wQ‡jv GK `„óvšÍ|
we‡klZ nvw`mkv‡¯¿ Zuvi cvwÐZ¨ I we‡klÁZv wQ‡jv AZzjbxq|
Zuvi iwPZ gvKZzevZ I Zuvi gvjdzRv‡Zi cÖwZwU cOw³ Áv‡bi
MfxiZv I cÖÁvi Zi‡½ D”Q¡wmZ| nvw`m wkÿv`v‡b wZwb mwnn
†evLvwi, mwnn gymwjg, Rv‡g mwMi, gymbv‡` Avwe Bqvjv,
gvkvwiKzj AvbIqvi, ki‡n mvLvwe Ges wgkKvZzj gvmvwen‡K
we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Zb| Zuvi QvÎ‡ì A‡b‡KB wQ‡jb fviZe‡iY¨
gynvwÏm| huv‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb wenv‡ii Awe¯§iYxq nvw`mkv¯¿we`
Bgvg gyRvddi ejwLI| Bgvg ûmvBb bIqvkvwqI|
gv‡bwi in. ïay nvw`‡mi Aa¨vcbv I nvw`mkv‡¯¿i Ávbwe¯Ívi
Ki‡Zb, Zv bq| mybœv‡ni wb‡`©‡k Rxeb MVb I cwiPvjbvq ¸iæZ¡
kZvãxi wPwV ● 54
w`‡Zb me©vwaK| G Abyhvqx cwiPvwjZ n‡Zv Zuvi hvwcZ Rxeb|
G‡Z `„pZv I AwePjZv wQ‡jv cv_img| LyeB DbœZ ZigyR wQ‡jv
evsjv-wenv‡i| wKš‘ RxebKv‡j wZwb ZigyR Lvbwb| KviY Zuvi
Rvbv wQ‡jv bv, bwe‡q cvK mvjøvjøvû Avjvqwn Iqv mvjøvg ZigyR
†L‡q‡Qb wKbv Ges †L‡q _vK‡j Kxfv‡e †L‡q‡Qb| bwe‡q cvK
mvjøvjøvû Avjvqwn Iqv mvjøv‡gi AbyewZ©Zvq Zuvi GB gvM© wQ‡jv
mwZ¨Kvi bwe‡cÖwg‡Ki gvM©| †hLv‡b Av‡ivnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv mKj
mvaK| †hLv‡b bwe‡q Kvwig mvjøvjøvû Avjvqwn Iqv mvjøv‡gi
†R¨vwZ I KiæYvavivi cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K cÖZ¨n weKwkZ
Kiv nq| G c‡_ gv‡bwii AweiZ weKvk Abymvwi‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡b
bZzb cÖvYcÖvPzh© | Zuvi ZË¡veav‡b †mvbvi Mvu wek¦we`¨vjq DbœwZi
kx‡l© nq DcbxZ| hwÌ wZwb Kg©Rxe‡bi cÖavb mgqwU wenv‡i
KvUvb, wKš‘ †mvbvi Mvu‡qi mv‡_ Zvi ms‡hvM wQ‡jv wbqwgZ|
†mvbvi Mvu Avi wZwb wQ‡jb GK I Awew”Qbœ| wLªóxq PZz`©k kZ‡K
eûmsL¨K hkai gbxlx I we`¨vex‡ii mgv‡e‡k †mvbvi Mvu
we‡klfv‡e L¨vZ| w`wjø‡KI †m AvKwl©Z K‡i wb‡Ri cÖwZ|
G wek¦we`¨vjq myjZvb bvwmiæwÏb eyMiv Lv‡bi gva¨‡g w`wjøi
mvjZvbvZ‡K ms‡kva‡b nq m‡Pó| eyMiv Lvb wQ‡jb m¤ªvU eje‡bi
Kwbô I wØZxq cyÎ| 1281 †_‡K 1291 mvj Aewa w`wjøi cÖwZwbwa
n‡q wZwb evsjv Z_v jvL‡b․wZ kvmb K‡ib| eyMiv Lvb hLb Rvb‡jb,
Avey ZvIqvgv G‡m‡Qb †mvbviMuv‡q, wZwb G AvMgb‡K wb‡Ri †m․fvM¨
wn‡m‡e †`L‡jb| Ávb I ü`qe„wËi Ggb D`¨v‡bi ¯^cœ wZwb eyb‡Z
_vK‡jb, hvi myevZvm †MvUv fvi‡Z Qov‡e ï×Zvi cÖevn| Avey
ZvIqvgv‡K wN‡i †mvbviMuv‡q †mUvB ïiæ n‡jv|
G wQ‡jv GK ¯^‡cœi RvMiY, bZyb Av‡jvi Av‡›`vjb| w`wjøi
Aw¯’i ivRbxwZi evZv‡m †hUv n‡q IVvi wQ‡jv bv| eyMiv Lvb ZvB
evsjv‡KB fv‡jvevm‡jb| fv‡jvevm‡jb G‡ZvB †h, ejeb Zuv‡K w`wjøi
gmb` w`‡Z PvB‡jb, wKš‘ eyMiv Lvb Zuv‡K Rvbv‡jb, ÔAvwg GLv‡bB
AvwQ fv‡jv| GLv‡bB Avgvi Avivg|Õ
kZvãxi wPwV ● 55
1287 mvj G‡jv fvi‡Zi Rb¨ `gKv nvIqv n‡q| †QvU †QvU
ivR¨¸‡jv ¯^vaxb n‡Z Pvq| †gv½j‡ì †PvLivOvwb‡Z w`wjø K¤úgvb,
mviv¶Y hy‡×i k¼v mxgv‡šÍ| GiB g‡a¨ `ywbqv †_‡K we`vq wb‡jb
wMqvmywÏb ejeb| Zuvi eo cyÎ fxlY GK hy‡× Rxeb w`‡jb
†gv½j‡ì nv‡Z| †QvU cyÎ eyMiv LvbB w`wjøi ¶gZv mvgjv‡Z
cvi‡Zb| wKš‘ wZwb w`wjø‡Z †M‡jb bv| eyMivi cyÎ Kvq‡Kvev` n‡jb
w`wjøi m¤ªvU| Kvq‡Kvev‡ì eqm ZLb AvVv‡iv| eyMivi DwPZ wQ‡jv
w`wjøi kvmb nv‡Z †bqv wKsev c„ô‡cvlKZvi Øviv AcÖ¯‘Z
Kvq‡Kvev`‡K mnvqZv Kiv| wZwb Pj‡jb D‡ëv c‡_| w`wjøi RwUjZv
†_‡K gy³ n‡eb e‡j 1287 mv‡jB bvwmiæwÏb gvngy` Dcvwa wb‡q
jvL‡b․wZi ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv Ki‡jb| Kvq‡Kvev‡ì kvm‡bi cÖv_wgK
w`b¸‡jv wQ‡jv Be‡b eZzZvi fvlvq ÔC‡ì g‡ZvÕ Avi ivZ¸‡jv wQ‡jv
Ôk‡e eiv‡Zi g‡ZvÕ| AZ¨šÍ `vbkxj I gnvb wQ‡jb wZwb| wKš‘ Zuvi
e¨w³MZ ¸Yvewj‡Z †cvKvq ai‡Z †ewk mgq †bqwb| ìevwi cwi‡ek
n‡q D‡VwQ‡jv wejvmgMœZvq gwì| Kvq‡Kvev`‡K †mLv‡b Wzwe‡q
†`qvi me Av‡qvRbB Kiv n‡jv|
w`wjøi AvKv‡k ZLb †g‡Ni `vcv`vwc| wK‡kvi m¤ªvU‡K wb‡q
AR¯ª lohš¿| ìev‡ii KZ©viv Zuv‡K cyZyj evbv‡Z Pvq|
cÖ‡Z¨‡KB ïiæ Ki‡jv Avcb Avcb ¯^v‡_©i †Ljv| m¤ªv‡Ui Pvicv‡k
g›`‡ì wfo| PvUzKvi‡ì `½j| m¤ªvU‡K Zviv †fvM Avi wejv‡mi
¯^v` PvLv‡Z jvM‡jv| cÖavbgš¿x wbRvgywÏb mv¤ªv‡Rï mKj ¶gZv
nv‡Z †bqvi †Rvi cÖqvm ïiæ Ki‡jv| Avey ZvIqvgv G cwiw¯’wZ‡Z
eyMiv Lvb‡K D‡`¨vMx nevi civgk© w`‡jb| wZwbI fvewQ‡jb
GgbUvB| ivLwQ‡jb w`wjøi mKj Lei| cy‡Îi Aatcv‡Zi msev`
Zuvi ü`‡qi i³ Siv‡Zv| wZwb wPwVi ci wPwV cvVv‡Z _v‡Kb
cyÎ‡K| cyÎ ZZ¶‡Y †c‡q †M‡Qb g`, bvix Avi Av‡q‡ki ¯^v`|
wZwb wb‡R‡K e`jv‡jb bv| wcZvi mveavbevYxi cÖwZ åæ‡¶c
Ki‡jb bv| eva¨ n‡q eyMiv Lvb †mbv Awfhvb Pvjv‡jb w`wjøi
kZvãxi wPwV ● 56
w`‡K| jvL‡b․wZ Z_v evsjv GwM‡q Pj‡jv w`wjø‡K ms‡kva‡bi
Rb¨| kv‡q¯Ív Kivi Rb¨| evsjv ZLb mwZ¨B kw³gvb|
Kvq‡Kvev` hy× PvBwQ‡jb bv| wKš‘ cÖavbgš¿x PvB‡jb|
gš¿Yv`vZviv PvBwQ‡jb| AZGe Kvq‡Kvev`‡K hy×hvÎv Ki‡Z
n‡jv, wcZvi cÖwZ‡iv‡a| Zuvi evwnbx‡Z wQ‡jb gnvKwe Avwgi
Lmiæ| KvQ †_‡K wZwb †`‡L‡Qb bvUKxq me `„k¨cU|
miRy b`xi `yB Zx‡i `yB evwnbx| Kwe †`L‡jb hy‡×i
Db¥v`bv| nZ¨vi cÖ¯‘wZ| nvwZi e„snwZ, `vgvgvi wPrKvi Avi
†hv×vi nuvKWvK|
wKš‘ †kl ch©šÍ cyÎ fxZ n‡jb| hy× QvovB G‡jb wcZvi
mgx‡c| wgjb n‡jv wcZv-cy‡Îi| eyMiv Lvb cyÎ‡K emv‡jb
gmb‡`| w`‡jb wewea Dc‡`k| †kvbv‡jb †`k cwiPvjbvi bxwZ,
Bbmvd I mZZvi wb‡`©kbv| wcZv cyÎ‡K ey‡K Rov‡jb| GwM‡q
w`‡jb eû`~i| Avwgi Lmiæ Dfq `„k¨B †`L‡jb| †`L‡jb Zxeª
N„Yv I cÖej fv‡jvevmv| †`L‡jb hy‡×i Kv‡jv †gN Avi kvwšÍi
†i․`ªaviv| wjL‡jb GB Kvwnwb mwe¯Ív‡i| bvg w`‡jb ÔwKivbym
mv`vBbÕ ev `yB ZviKvi wgjb| Kvwnwbi †fZ‡i †h we¯§q, Zvi
Awek¦vm¨ eY©bv w`‡q Kwe wj‡Lb Ôkv‡qwi †b¯Í, nvgv iv¯ÍÕ ÑKweZ¡
bq, cy‡ivcywi mZ¨|
Kvq‡Kvev` wd‡i †M‡jb w`wjø| eyMiv Pj‡jb jvL‡b․wZ|
wM‡qB jvL‡b․wZ‡K wef³ Ki‡jb Pvi iv‡R¨ : wenvi, mßMÖvg, e½
I †è‡KvU| msnZ Ki‡jb kvmb‡K| †mvbviMuv‡qi Ava¨vwZ¥K
cÖfve Zuv‡K AviI †ewk `vwqZ¡evb K‡i Zyj‡jv| wb‡R mgwc©Z
n‡Z _vK‡jb AviI †ewk Kj¨v‡Y| Avi Kvq‡Kvev`? wZwb AveviI
†f‡m †M‡jb wejvwmZv I †¯^”QvPv‡i| cvc I wek„•Ljvi evRvi
R‡g DV‡jv| ìevwi‡ì Ryjyg RbMY‡K wewl‡q Zyj‡jv| Pig
•bivR¨Ki †cÖ¶vc‡U wLjwR •mwbK RvjvjywÏb wd‡ivR kvn nZ¨v
Ki‡jb Kvq‡Kvev` I Zuvi cyÎ‡K| AwaKvi Ki‡jb w`wjøi gmb`|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 57
eyMiv Lvb e„ËvšÍ ï‡b gg©hvZbvq †bwZ‡q co‡jb| kvmb I
¶gZvi cÖwZ Zuvi Abxnv †e‡o †M‡jv| 1291 mv‡j wb‡Ri Kwbô
cyÎ iæKbywÏb KvqKvD‡mi nv‡Z kvmb ¶gZv Zy‡j w`‡q wZwb n‡q
†M‡jb wbR©b ì‡ek!
jvL‡b․wZi ivRvi G me f~wgKv cÖejfv‡e cÖfvweZ wQ‡jv
†mvbviMuv‡qi mvaK-eyw×Rxex‡ì Øviv| †mB cÖfve hyM hyM a‡i
bvbvfv‡e evsjvi ivRbxwZ I mvjZvbv‡Z wµqvkxj †_‡K‡Q| gnvb
Avey ZvIqvgvi c‡i gymwjg evsjvi mgvR, ivóª I ms¯‥…wZ
Av‡›`vwjZ n‡Z _vK‡jv kidzwÏb BqvnBqv gv‡bwii DÌv‡b|
iæKbywÏb KvqKvDm †_‡K wMqvmywÏb AvRg kvn| 1291 †_‡K
1393 mvj| Avey ZvIqvgv-BqvnBqv gv‡bwii †mB cÖfveK
f~wgKvq AeZxY© n‡jb kvgm ejwL Avi AvcwbÑbyi KyZeyj Avjg|
Avcbviv †`L‡jb M‡Y‡ki gbyev` evsjv‡K wM‡j †L‡Z D`¨Z|
AvRg kvn‡K mZK© Ki‡jb| KiYxq wb‡`©k Ki‡jb|
RvZxq e„nr j¶¨ c~i‡Yi c‡_ ÿz`ª j¶¨ Avcbv‡ì weåvšÍ
Ki‡Zv bv| e¨w³MZ †Kv‡bv mgm¨v-msK‡U myjZv‡bi kiY †bbwb
Avcbviv| Avcb kw³cÖ`k©b I cÖvavb¨ cÖwZôvi †Lqv‡j myjZvb‡K
†Kv‡bv wel‡q Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡ibwb KL‡bv| kvm‡Ki gb R‡qi B”Qv
ev †Póv Avcbv‡ì av‡ZB wQ‡jv bv|
hv mZ¨, hv RvwZi Rb¨ mgxPxb, Zv Avcbviv ej‡ZbB|
ej‡Zb myjZv‡bi AwcÖq mZ¨wUI| Avcbv‡ì e¨w³Z¡ ZvB wQ‡jv
cvnvomgvb| myjZvb Avcbv‡ì cÖwZ wQ‡jb cig kÖ×vkxj|
Avcbv‡ì D‡`¨v‡M wMqvmyÏxb AvRg kvn mZK© n‡jb,
KZ©‡eï cÖwZ mRvM n‡jb| wKš‘ ZZ¶‡Y A‡bK †`wi n‡q †M‡Q|
iv‡óªi cÖwZwU cÖwZôv‡b †Ru‡K emv gbyev`x Pµ A`g¨ n‡q D‡V‡Q|
Zviv M‡o Zz‡j‡Q ¸ßNvZK‡ì †bUIqvK©| AvRg kvn mRvM
n‡ZB M‡Y‡ki Pµ AviI AwaK mwµq n‡jv| AvRg kvn D‡`¨vM
wb‡jb ms¯‥v‡ii| Zviv D‡`¨vM wb‡jv AvRg kvn‡K D‡”Q‡ì|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 58
mvZ
M‡YkPµ mvg‡b G‡jv bv| Zviv ¸ßZrciZv evwo‡q w`‡jv| Zviv

msNe× Ki‡jv Ggb me †jvK‡K, hviv bvbv Kvi‡Y myjZvb AvRg
kv‡ni Dci wÿß| kvm‡Ki Dci wÿß gvbyl _vK‡eB| kvmK
fv‡jv n‡jI _vK‡e| bxwZi cÖ‡kœ K‡VviZvi Kvi‡Y A‡bK mgq
A‡b‡KB AvRg kvn †_‡K cÖZ¨vwkZ myweav wb‡Z cv‡i bv| b¨vq
cÖwZôvi cÖ‡qvR‡b Acivax‡ì w`‡Z nq †QvU-eo kvw¯Í| KvD‡K
wb‡Z nq KvivMv‡i| KviI Dci Av‡m K‡Vvi wePvi; g„Zz¨`ÐI|
A‡b‡KB AvRg kvn †_‡K wb‡Ri B”Qvi ev¯Íevqb Pvq| Pvq ab-
m¤ú`, Rwg`vwi| Rwg`viiv Pvq AviI cÖfve-cÖwZcwË| Zuvi KvQ
†_‡K Zv hLb cvq bv, Zviv n‡q I‡V kÎæ|
M‡YkPµ GB ai‡bi K‡qKRb cÖZvckvjx †jvK‡K LyeB
†Mvc‡b R‡ov Ki‡jv| Zv‡ì‡K †ÿwc‡q Zzj‡jv myjZv‡bi
weiæ‡×| Zv‡ì ej‡jv, Ô†Zvgiv ÿwZi cÖwZ‡kva bvI| myjZvb‡K
nZ¨v K‡iv| Avgiv †Zvgv‡ì m‡½ AvwQ| wKš‘ hv Ki‡e, LyeB
†Mvc‡b Ki‡e, †KD †hb eyS‡Z cv‡i bv wKQzB|Õ
eû cÖZvckvjx myjZv‡bi weiæ‡× mwµq| GB `‡j †hvM w`‡jv
myjZv‡bi GKvšÍ Avcb K‡qKRb| Giv mevB fve‡jv, ivRv M‡Yk
mwZ¨ Avgv‡ì Avcb| mevB GKgZ n‡q wVK Ki‡jv GKRb‡K|
†m myjZbv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡e| n‡jvI ZvB| gnvb myjZvb wMqvmywÏb
b„ksmZvi wkKvi n‡jb| GKw`b kwn` n‡jb ivRv M‡Y‡ki
Pµv‡šÍ| evsjvi AvKvk Kvbœvi †g‡N †Q‡q †M‡jv| †m nviv‡jv
BwZnv‡mi †miv GK b„cwZ‡K|
ivRv M‡Yk‡K m‡›`n K‡i, mva¨ Kvi? myjZv‡bi Rb¨ †kvK
cÖKv‡k ivRv M‡Yk mevi Av‡M Av‡M| KZ ev®úiæ× Kvbœv| KZ
eyKfvOv wejvc| mevB fve‡jv, nüv, myjZv‡bi mwZ¨ mwZ¨ GK
kZvãxi wPwV ● 59
ì`x AvgvZ¨ wZwb| wZwbB cv‡ib myjZv‡bi DËivwaKvix wbe©vP‡b
†bZ…Z¡ w`‡Z|
evsjvi gmb‡` em‡jb myjZvb wMqvmywÏ‡bi †Q‡j nvgRv
kvn| ZLb 1411 wLªóvã| M‡Y‡ki cÖwZcwË AcÖwZnZ| Dc‡i
Dc‡i †m nvgRv kv‡ni Kj¨vYKvgx| myjZvb mvBdzwÏb nvgRv kvn
†hvM¨ wcZvi †hvM¨ †Q‡j| †hgb mvnmx, †Zgwb D`vi| mv¤úª`vwqK
we‡f` Zuvi Kv‡Q cÖkÖq cvq bv †gv‡UI| me a‡g©i me †jvK Zuvi
Kv‡Q cvq mgvb AwaKvi| Zuvi ivRmfvq cÖavb cÖavb c‡` wn›`y
Kg©KZv©iv| mvjZvbv‡Zi Kj¨v‡Y wn›`y c`vwaKvixMY †mev I
AvšÍwiKZvi eû bwRi ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Rvb‡Zb bv,
HwZnëvnx †mB avivq dvUj •Zwi n‡q‡Q| †fZ‡i †fZ‡i
M‡Y‡ki mv¤úª`vwqK Pv‡j eû wn›`y Awdmvi Avi Av‡Mi g‡Zv
†bB| iv‡óªi cPbkxj wPÎB wZwb †`L‡Qb| n‡”Qb K‡Vvi Ges
AwaK mwµq| Kviv Gi g~‡j? †KD w`‡Z cvi‡Q bv Gi cÖvgvY¨
nw`m|
nvgRv kvn Pv‡”Qb kvmb‡K msnZ Ki‡Z| M‡Yk Pv‡”Q Zuv‡K
w¯’Z n‡Z †`‡e bv| bZzb I ZiæY myjZvb cwicK¡ n‡Z _vK‡j
mgm¨v| AZGe `ªæZB Zuv‡K miv‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡qvRb GKRb
¸ßNvZK| myjZv‡bi cÖnix‡ì †KD n‡j LyeB fv‡jv nq| nvgRv
kv‡ni wek¦¯Í I Nwbô PvKi wknveywÏ‡bi mv‡_ M‡Y‡ki Lye eÜzZ¡|
M‡Yk bvivqb eÜzZ¡ AviI evwo‡q w`‡jv| wknveywÏb P‡j Zvi
K_vq, cyiY K‡i Zvi B”Qv| M‡Yk Zv‡Z Lye Lywk| GKw`b †m
wknve‡K ej‡jv, ÔAvwg hv ej‡ev Zv Ki‡Z cvi‡j evsjvi ivRv
n‡e Zzwg|Õ wknveywÏb ej‡jv-
ÔKx? Kx ej‡jb? ey‡S ej‡Qb?Õ
Ôey‡SB ejwQ, wVKB ejwQ|Õ
ÔKxfv‡e Zv m¤¢e?Õ
Ômn‡RB| ïay AbwfÁ nvgRv kvn‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z n‡e|Õ
ÔG Am¤¢e, G n‡e bv|Õ
kZvãxi wPwV ● 60
Ômy‡hvM nvwi‡qv bv, wPšÍv K‡iv|Õ
ÔwPšÍv Kiv jvM‡e bv| Avwg Zv cvi‡ev bv|Õ
Ôcvi‡Z †Zvgv‡K n‡eB| KvRwU Ki‡j evsjvi myjZvb n‡e|
bv Ki‡j †Zvgv‡K gi‡Z n‡e|Õ
ÔAvgv‡K gi‡Z n‡e †Kb? Kx Aciva Avgvi?Õ
ÔAciva Avgvi K_v bv-†kvbv| hv ejwQ, Zv bv Ki‡j Zzwg
myjZv‡bi nv‡ZB LZg n‡e| myjZvb‡K ej‡ev, wknveywÏb
Avcbv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z Pvq| Avwg hv ewj, myjZvb Awek¦vm K‡ib
bv| Avgvi Ggb Awf‡hvM †Zvgvi g„Zzï Rb¨ h‡_ó| †Zvgvi
mvg‡b c_ `yÕwU| nq‡Zv Zuv‡K gvi‡e, bq‡Zv wb‡R gi‡e|
†Zvgv‡K `yÕw`b mgq w`jvg †f‡e †`Lvi Rb¨|Õ
wknveywÏb Rv‡b M‡Y‡ki ÿgZv| myjZvb‡K G PµvšÍ e‡j
w`‡jI wek¦vm Kiv‡bv hv‡e bv| M‡Yk Zv‡K Acivax evbv‡eB|
M`©vb wb‡q Qvo‡e| wb‡R‡K euvPv‡Z n‡e| myjZv‡bi i³ Siv‡bv
hLb M‡Y‡ki B”Qv, †h KvD‡K w`‡qB †m Zv Kiv‡e| Zvn‡j Kx
Avi Kiv? myjZvb nevi GKUv nvZQvwb Zvi mvg‡b| ivRZ¡ †c‡Z
n‡j KvD‡K †kl Kiv ¯^vfvweK| wknveywÏb ivwR n‡jv| ivRv
M‡Yk LyeB Lywk|
myjZvb nevi GK eQi †h‡Z bv †h‡ZB wbnZ n‡jb nvgRv
kvn| nVvr G Lei mviv †`k‡K ¯Íä K‡i w`‡jv| ìev‡i †Kv‡bv
cÖwZwecø‡ei †kl m¤¢vebvI ivLv n‡jv bv| nZ¨vKvix Luy‡R †ei
Kivi `vwqZ¡ †`qv n‡jv M‡Y‡ki mnPi‡ì| Zviv Rvbv‡jv NvZK
cjvZK, Mv XvKv w`‡q kni †Q‡o †Kv_vI P‡j †M‡Q| Zvi
AbymÜvb Pj‡e| Zv‡K aiv n‡eB|
Pviw`‡K ïiæ n‡jv bZzb Av‡jvPbv| evsjvi fv‡Mï Kx n‡e?
ivóª †Zv nvj Qvov Zixi g‡Zv Pj‡Z cv‡i bv| †K n‡eb evsjvi
kvmK? civgk© mfv em‡jv| cÖavb mfvm` ivRv M‡Yk ej‡jv,
Ggb GKRb‡K kvmK evbv‡bv PvB, †h n‡e wePÿY| Avgiv †Kv‡bv
myjZvb‡KB iÿv Ki‡Z cviwQ bv| Avgiv hZB mycivgk© w`B,
kZvãxi wPwV ● 61
myjZvb wePÿY I m‡PZb bv n‡j wech©q NU‡eB| G RvqMv †_‡K
nvgRv kv‡ni LyeB Avcb wknveywÏb kvmK nevi †hvM¨| nvgRv
kv‡ni wek¦¯Í PvKi wQ‡jb wZwb| Zuv‡K †mev w`‡q‡Qb Rxebfi|
nvgRv kv‡ni Dci hw` Avgv‡ì kÖ×v _v‡K Z‡e wknveywÏ‡bi
nIqv DwPZ evsjvi myjZvb| gš¿xcwil‡` M‡Y‡ki K_vB M„nxZ
n‡jv| †NvlYv n‡jv, evsjvi bZzb myjZvb wknveywÏb evqwR`
kvn|
ÿgZv nv‡Z wb‡q wknveywÏb PvB‡jb †`‡k kvwšÍ I wbivcËv
wbwðZ Ki‡Z| mwZ¨Kvi kvmK n‡q DV‡Z| myjZvb wn‡m‡e wb‡Ri
†hvM¨Zv w`‡q mevB‡K Avk¦¯Í Ki‡Z| wZwb axi MwZ‡Z G¸‡Z
jvM‡jb| wKš‘ AwP‡iB eyS‡Z cvi‡jb kvmK Avm‡j wZwb bb,
M‡Yk| Pviw`‡K M‡Y‡ki Rvj| Pviw`‡K ZviB nvZ-cv- †PvL-
gyL| †m hv PvB‡Q, ZvB n‡”Q| †MvUv ivóªhš¿‡K Pvjv‡”Q Zvi
†Mvcb mv¤úª`vwqK †bUIqvK©| wZwb PvB‡jb G †bUIqvK© fvO‡eb|
wKš‘ Zv m¤¢e wQ‡jv bv| ivRKg©Pvix‡ì GKwU Ask M‡Y‡ki
Bkvivq Pviw`‡K Aw¯’iZv, •bivR¨ I wek„•Ljv Qwo‡q w`‡jv|
ZvivB AvIqvR Zzj‡jv, G myjZvb A‡hvM¨| Zuv‡K w`‡q Pj‡e bv|
mfvm`, †mbvevwnbx, RbmvaviY mevB‡K ivRv M‡Yk ej‡jv :
mKj Aw¯’iZvi KviY myjZv‡bi A‡hvM¨Zv| wZwb †Zv PvKi|
PvKi w`‡q †`k P‡j bv| Aw¯ÍiZv †e‡oB Pj‡jv| Qov‡Z _vK‡jv
Am‡šÍvl| nVvr GK iv‡Z mevB ïb‡jv wbnZ n‡q‡Qb wknveywÏb
evqwR` kvn|
1412 †_‡K 1414 wLªóvã Aewa Zuvi kvmbKvj wQ‡jv Zuvi
Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q wbtm½, RwUj I hš¿Yvfiv mgq| wknveywÏb
evqwR` kv‡ni mvnmx cyÎ AvjvDwÏb wd‡ivR kvn PvB‡jb iv‡óªi
nvj ai‡Z| wKš‘ ZZÿ‡Y M‡Y‡ki mv¤úª`vwqK †Ljv fqvbK GK
Aa¨v‡q cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| M‡Yk mivmwi ivRÿgZv †K‡o †bq| ïiæ
K‡i gymwjg cÖkvmK, Kg©KZ©v I †mbvm`m¨‡ì wbg©g nZ¨v|
AvjvDwÏb wd‡ivR kvn K‡qKRb gymwjg •mwb‡Ki mvnv‡h¨
kZvãxi wPwV ● 62
cvwj‡q †M‡jb `wÿYe‡½| m‡Pó n‡jb ivóª D×v‡i| i‡ÿ n‡jv bv
Zuvi| ivRv M‡Yk †mbvevwnbxi GKwU `j wb‡q wcQz avIqv Ki‡jv
Zuvi| `wÿYe‡½ wM‡q wbg©gfv‡e Kzwc‡q nZ¨v K‡i wd‡ivR
kvn‡K|
cÖkvm‡bi eo eo c` †_‡K D‡”Q` Kiv n‡jv mKj
gymwjg‡K| GgbwK huviv wewfbœ mgq M‡Y‡ki mnvqZvq AMÖYx
wQ‡jb, †KD †invB †c‡jb bv| AvBb Kiv n‡jv, †mbvevwnbx‡Z
_vK‡Z cvi‡e bv †Kv‡bv gymwjg| †hme gymwjg Av‡M wQ‡jv,
Zv‡ì‡K †ckv Z¨vM Ki‡Z n‡e| †KD enb Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv
†Kv‡bv A¯¿| †hme gymwjg Avwgi-Igiv wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ SMov I
weev‡` eQ‡ii ci eQi cvi KiwQ‡jv, Gevi Zv‡ì †PvL Lyj‡jv|
wMqvmywÏb AvRg kv‡ni Avgj †_‡K DwRi, Avwgi I
ÿgZvkvjx‡ì Ø›Ø-msNv‡Zi iYv½b n‡q I‡V ivRavbx| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki
†cQ‡b BÜb †hvMv‡Zv M‡Yk Pµ| cÖ‡Z¨‡KB mgq mgq Zvi
mg_©b I mnvqZv PvB‡Zv| wb‡Zv civgk©| wKš‘ G mg_©b I
civgk© cwiw¯’wZ‡K K‡i Zzj‡Zv AviI fqven|
G‡Ki ci GK myjZvb wbnZ nw”Q‡jb| Avwgi I cÖkvmK‡ì
A‡b‡KB c`Pz¨Z nw”Q‡jb| GK cÿ Aci cÿ‡K AvNvZ Kivi
gIKv Lyu‡R wdiwQ‡jv| Gfv‡e mK‡jB `ye©j nw”Q‡jv Avi
Acwi‡gq mejZv jvf KiwQ‡jv M‡YkPµ| we¯§‡qi welq n‡jv,
G‡Zv wech©‡qi g‡aÏ †KDB M‡Y‡ki cÖK…Z PwiÎ I wgkb‡K
cv‡iwb P¨v‡jÂ Ki‡Z| cv‡iwb Zv‡K ¯îƒ‡c Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z I
Zvi †Lvjm Ly‡j w`‡Z| †KD hw` †m †Póv K‡i‡Q, gymwjgivB euvav
w`‡q‡Q| M‡YkP‡µi cÖZ¨vNv‡Z †m nvwi‡q †M‡Q `„k¨cU †_‡K|
Rwg`vi I eyw×Rxexgnj Ges †mbvevwnbx I cÖkvmb wQ‡jv G
P‡µi cÖavb wePiY‡K›`ª| †cÖvcvMvÐv wQ‡jv Zv‡ì cÖavb kw³|
Zv‡ì cÖavb KvR wQ‡jv wb‡R‡ì †jvK‡ì wek¦¯ÍZv cÖPvi Kiv,
†`k‡cÖwgK wn‡m‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv| ÎvYKZ©vi fveg~wZ© M‡o †Zvjv|
PZzw`©K †_‡K †kvbv †h‡Zv M‡Y‡ki ¸YMvb| GKRb Avgv‡Zï
kZvãxi wPwV ● 63
cÖksmv I AvbyM‡Zï K_v evi evi D”PvwiZ n‡Zv| Zv‡KB g‡b
Kiv n‡Zv cÖkvm‡bi †K›`ª| †m hv PvB‡Zv, wb‡R‡ì †jvK w`‡q
Kwi‡q wb‡Zv| d‡j Zvi `ÿZv nq Amskq|
M‡YkP‡µi †cÖvcvMvÐvi Av‡iK jÿ¨ wQ‡jv †`k‡K †bZ…Z¡k~b¨
K‡i †`qv| †miv m¤¢vebv¸‡jv‡K Zviv jvwM‡q w`‡Zv bvbv
†Kv›`‡j| wb‡R‡ì evB‡ii KvD‡KB Av¯’v‡hvM¨ _vK‡Z w`‡Zv bv
| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki e¨w³Z¡ I PwiÎnbb Ki‡Zv| cÖgvYnxb cÖPviYv Qov‡Z
_vK‡Zv gy‡L gy‡L| hv‡K †jv‡Kiv wek¦vm K‡i, Zvi m¤ú‡K© evZv‡m
Ggb K_vevZ©v †kvbv †h‡Zv, hv fqven| we‡klZ M‡YkP‡µi
weiæ‡× gyLi †h KvD‡K iv‡óªi kÎæ evwb‡q Qvov n‡Zv| Zvi weiæ‡×
Avm‡Z _vK‡Zv Awf‡hv‡Mi ci Awf‡hvM| Zv‡K g‡b Kiv n‡Zv
wec¾bK| mvjZvbv‡Zi Øviv Zv‡K kv‡q¯Ív Kiv n‡Zv| c‡i
Avevi Zvi Av‡eM, †e`bv I †ÿvf‡K h_vm¤¢e Kv‡R jvMv‡Zv
M‡YkPµ|
RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ Zviv Qov‡Zv nxbgb¨Zv| fxwZ| mvjZvbvZ
`ye©j| cv‡ki ivR¨¸‡jv `vbexq kw³i AwaKvix| Zv‡ì †_‡K
iÿv cvevi Dcvq †bB| kw³ w`‡q †m †Póv e¨_© n‡Z eva¨|
GKgvÎ M‡Y‡ki †K․kj I eÜzZ¡B cv‡i Zv‡ì nvgjv †_‡K myiÿv
w`‡Z| RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ GiKg cÖPvi Pvjv‡jI myjZvb hLbB hy×
PvB‡Zb, M‡Yk Drmvn w`‡Zv| †m PvB‡Zv myjZv‡bi Av‡iKwU
civRq| civR‡qi hveZxq Av‡qvRb m¤úbœ K‡i ivL‡Zv †m|
G‡Ki ci GK civRq mvjZvbvZ‡K K‡i Zz‡j wbZvšÍB `ye©j|
Aciw`‡K M‡Y‡ki kw³ I cÖZvc evowQ‡jv †¯ªv‡Zi MwZ‡Z| †m
wbR Rwg`vwi‡Z †h mvgwiK kw³ M‡o Zz‡j, Zv wQ‡jv ivóªxq kw³i
KvQvKvwQ| A_©‣bwZK kw³‡Z †m n‡q DVwQ‡jv cÖej I msnZ|
cvk¦©eZ©x kÎæ ivóªkw³i mv‡_ †Mv‡q›`vZ_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb n‡Zv
wbqwgZ| AšÍN©vZ Qov‡bv‡Z Zviv ci¯úi‡K mnvqZv Ki‡Zv|
iv‡óªi bvbv Lv‡Z †Ru‡K e‡mwQ‡jv AmsL¨ Pi| †h-†Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvR‡b
†h-†Kv‡bv ai‡bi mnvqZv cvIqv wbwðZ wQ‡jv M‡Y‡ki| wKš‘
kZvãxi wPwV ● 64
evB‡ii mivmwi mnvqZv QvovB M‡Yk GLb ivóªxq ÿgZvq Avmxb|
Zvi Pvicv‡k Av‡Q mgwPšÍvi GKwU wekvj †Mvôx, hviv ivóªkw³
nv‡Z †c‡q `yRq© , †ZwR Ges M‡Y‡ki †cÖiYvq ejxqvb|
M‡Y‡ki Kx wQ‡jv †cÖiYv? †m wK †Kej e¨w³MZ
D”Pvwfjv‡li gva¨‡gB G‡Zv`~i G‡jv? BwZnvm ej‡Q, bv|
Ôevsjvi BwZnv‡mi `y‡kv eQi : ¯^vaxb myjZvb‡ì AvgjÕ MÖ‡š’
HwZnvwmK kÖx myLgq gy‡Lvcva¨vq wj‡Lb, ÔivRv M‡Y‡ki Afy¨Ìvb
†Kej gvÎ Zuvi e¨w³MZ D”Pvwfjv‡li ìæY N‡Uwb| Zuvi jÿ¨
wQ‡jv evsjv †_‡K gymwjg kw³i aŸsm mvab K‡i wn›`y ivóª¸wji
cybtcÖwZôv Ges AwZ AíKv‡ji Rb¨ n‡jI ÿgZvq AwawôZ
_vKvi mgq M‡Yk me©cÖKv‡ii wn›`y ag© I wn›`y ms¯‥…wZi
cyb‡ivfy¨`q NwU‡qwQ‡jb|Õ ivgivR‡Z¡i ¯^cœ wQ‡jv Zvi †cÖiYv|
gbyev` wQ‡jv Zvi Av`k©| gbyev`xiv gymwjg‡ì ej‡Zb •`Z¨-
`vbe, Amyi, heb, †¤ø”Q BZ¨vw`| M‡Yk ÿgZv nv‡Z wb‡q wb‡Ri
ivRKxq bvg ivL‡jb `byR g`©b †è| gv‡b Amyi-•`Z¨
c``wjZKvix †è| wZwb wVKB c``wjZ Ki‡Z jvM‡jb Ôheb-
`vbeÕ‡ì|
†h M‡b‡ki gb Ggb welgq, we‡Øl I kÎæZvc~Y©, Zv‡K
Kxfv‡e wek¦vm Ki‡Zb myjZvbMY? Kxfv‡e Zuviv cÖZ¨vLvb Ki‡Zb
Zvi weiæ‡× DÌvwcZ mKj Awf‡hvM? Kxfv‡e Rwg`vi I AvwgiMY
Zv‡K ivL‡Zb †bZ…‡Z¡? kZ kZ eQi a‡i gymwjg kvm‡bi nvZ
a‡i evsjvq †h wn›`y-gymwjg m¤úªxwZ M‡o D‡V‡Q, Zv †fZ‡i
†fZ‡i fqvbKfv‡e weaŸ¯Í n‡e, Zv †KDB fve‡Z cv‡iwb|
†Mvc‡b GKwU gbyev`x G‡RÛv iv‡óªi Aw¯ÍZ¡‡K cu¨vwP‡q AvewZ©Z
n‡”Q, †mUv Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb †Kv‡bv myjZvb| wMqvmywÏb
AvRg kvn hLb M‡Y‡ki weiæ‡× wKQzUv Zrci n‡jb, †mUvI
mycwiKwíZ wQ‡jv bv| Zuvi Kv‡Q cwiw¯’wZi fqvenZvi †Kv‡bv
ev¯Íe I h_vh_ wi‡cvU© wQ‡jv bv| wZwb Rvb‡Zb bv, hviv me‡P‡q
†ewk †`k‡cÖ‡gi K_v ej‡Q, Zuvi Pvicv‡k e„Ë •Zwi Ki‡Q, IivB
kZvãxi wPwV ● 65
G‡`‡ki Lywb, IivB Zuvi i‡³i Rb¨ D`MÖxe| AvRg kv‡ni
nZ¨vKvÐ wQ‡jv I‡ì cÖ_g I cÖavb weRq| G nZ¨vi c‡i M‡Yk
Kvh©Z wb‡R‡K ivRv fve‡Z _v‡K| wKš‘ mvBdzwÏb nvgRv kv‡ni
mvg‡b wb‡R‡K †ck K‡i `vmvby`v‡mi g‡Zv| †m Av‡iKevi mevi
†Pv‡L ay‡jv w`‡jv| †m GKvB bq, †MvUv gbyev`x cÖKí mevi †Pv‡L
†d‡j w`‡qwQ‡jv G‡Kici GK Bmyï ay‡jv| G‡Ki ci GK AšÍØ©›Ø
I Aw¯’wZkxjZvq e›`x †i‡LwQ‡jv gymwjg Avwgi I mgvRcwZ‡ì|
Zv‡ì †PvL Lyj‡jv ZLb, hLb `byR g`©b †`‡ei wÎk~j I
Zievwii Z‡j Zv‡ì gv_v!
†K Av‡Q, †h euvav †`‡e M‡Yk‡K? †m cÖKv‡k¨B †NvlYv
Ki‡jv, GB evsjvq Avi gymwjg‡ì †Kv‡bv RvqMv †bB| Zv‡ì
ag©xq HwZn¨, wPý, cÖZxK I wb`k©b‡K mn¨ Kiv n‡e bv| †Kv_vI
†hb AvRvb †kvbv bv hvq| †Kv_vI gymwjgiv kw³ mÂq bv Ki‡Z
cv‡i| gymwjg‡ì ZvovI, G‡`k †Kej Avgv‡ì| GLv‡b Avi
KviI RvqMv †bB, _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| hvivB cÖwZev` Ki‡e, †kl
K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| Avwg †`L‡Z PvB, c_-cÖvšÍi Zv‡ì i‡³ jvj|
Zvici Db¥Ë RUvAjv wÎk~javix‡ì AZ¨vPvi Pi‡g DV‡jv| cÙv,
†gNbv, hgybv I gnvb›`vi cvwb‡Z fvm‡Z jvM‡jv jvk Avi jvk|
Avh©iv †h AvPiY Ki‡Zv †e․×‡ì mv‡_, M‡Y‡ki Abymvixiv GKB
AvPiY Ki‡Z _vK‡jv gymwjg‡ì mv‡_| Zv‡ì m¤úwË n‡jv
jywÉZ, Ni-evwo n‡jv AiwÿZ, eëmv-evwYR¨ n‡jv wecbœ, Rxeb
cyo‡Z jvM‡jv Afvebxq `ve`v‡n| `my¨Zv aviY Ki‡jv Pig
AvKvi, nZ¨v n‡q DV‡jv GKvšÍB ¯^vfvweK|
M‡Y‡ki Av‡`‡k gymwjg evsjvi cÖavb gmwR` Avw`bv
gmwR‡` ¯’vwcZ n‡jv †èg~wZ©| wekvj gmwR`‡K †m evbv‡jv
Avcb KvQvwi evwo| myweL¨vZ GB gmwR` wbwg©Z nq wmKv›`vi
kv‡ni Av‡`‡k| wLªóxq 1364 mvj †_‡K 1374 mvj Aewa wbwg©Z
nq G gmwR`| gmwR`wU wQ‡jv mywekvj| Rygvi bvgv‡Ri Rb¨
cvÐzqvi mKj gymwjg G‡Z R‡ov n‡Z cvi‡Zb| evsjvi gymwjg
kZvãxi wPwV ● 66
¯’vcZ¨Kjvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wb`k©b G gmwR`| wewPÎ me cv_i, Uvwj
Ges Lyw`Z BU w`‡q •Zwi G gmwR` wQ‡jv ZrKv‡ji DrK…ó
wkíK‡g© my‡kvwfZ| KziAv‡bi K¨vwjMÖvwdK wkíK‡g© AjsK…Z
wQ‡jv †`qvj| Kzwd I ZzMiv Aÿ‡i Aviwe wjwci mv‡_ mvRv‡bv
wQ‡jv ewY©jZv| †g‡S wQ‡jv Kv‡jv †emvë cv_‡ii my›ì my›ì
UzK‡iv Øviv Av”Qvw`Z| gmwR‡` †QvU-eo M¤^yR wQ‡jv PvikÕ‡qi
AwaK| M¤^y‡R PgKv‡Zv iO-†ei‡Oi cv_i| Pviw`‡K wQ‡jv mvwi
mvwi wLjvb| wLjv‡b wQ‡jv A¨viv‡e· I †`kxq wkíKjvi mgš^q|
Rvbvjv¸‡jv‡Z wQ‡jv cv_‡ii Rvj| gmwR‡ì †K›`ªxq Kÿ j¤^vq
wQ‡jv 64 dzU, cÖ‡¯’ 33 dyU| G K‡ÿi Qv‡ì D”PZv wQ‡jv cÖvq
60 dzU| †`qvj¸‡jv wQ‡jv myD”P| cwð‡gi †`qvjUv wQ‡jv 11 dzU
D”PZv ch©šÍ cv_‡ii •Zwi| Gi Dc‡i wQ‡jv m~² As‡k wef³
Ges AwZkq hZœmnKv‡i Lyuw`Z B‡Ui KvR| BU wQ‡jv †UivKvUv|
†`qv‡ji Dc‡i †h KviæKvR wQ‡jv, †Rbv‡ij Kvwbsnv‡gi fvlvq
Zv wQ‡jv cÖksmvi AZxZ| †`qv‡j wQ‡jv e„nr e„nr K…wÎg cÙdzj
jvMv‡bv|
gmwR`msjMœ GKwU AÆvwjKv wQ‡jv ivRcwiev‡ii Rb¨| Pvi
av‡i wQ‡jv AviI eû myweb¨¯Í AÆvwjKv| Avi wQ‡jv 15wU M¤^y‡R
Ave„Z HwZnvwmK Ôev`kvn Kv ZLZÕ| g~jZ bvix‡ì Rb¨
msiwÿZ wQ‡jv G RvqMv| nv‡i‡gi gwnjviv GLv‡b Av`vq Ki‡Zb
bvgvR| ivRv M‡Yk me wKQz jÐfÐ K‡i †`q| gmwR‡ì †h wg¤^‡i
D”PvwiZ n‡Zv ZvIwn‡ì evYx, †mLv‡b †b‡g G‡mwQ‡jv wb¯ÍäZv|
†_‡g wM‡qwQ‡jv AvRv‡bi aŸwb| †f‡O †djv nq gmwR‡ì A‡bK
wKQz| gmwR‡ì †fZ‡iI ¯’vcb Kiv nq g~wZ©| eû kZK c‡iI
Aewkó Av‡Q hvi Ae‡kl| 1902 mv‡j fvi‡Zi fvBmiq jW©
KvR©‡bi Rb¨ •Zwi Kiv cÖvPxb aŸsmve‡kl mg~‡ni cÖwZ‡e`‡b
cvIqv hvq gmwR‡ì †fZ‡i g~wZ©i Avjvg‡Zi D‡jøL| Gg Avwe`
Avwj gvj`wn iwPZ †mB cÖwZ‡e`‡bi cwigvwR©Z MÖš’iƒc
Ô†g‡gvwiR Ae †M․o A¨vÛ cvÐzqvÕ ¯úó Rvbv‡”QÑÔ(Avw`bv
kZvãxi wPwV ● 67
gmwR‡ì) wg¤^‡ii wmuwoi fvOv As‡k GKUv wms‡ni gv_v †`Lv
hvq| GUv †Kv‡bv GK wn›`y ivRvi wmsnvm‡bi Ask e‡j g‡b nq|
ìRvi wb‡Pi cv_‡ii g‡a¨ I gmwR‡ì me©Î wgniv‡ei g‡a¨
fvOv Ae¯’vq Ab¨vb¨ wn›`y g~wZ© i‡q‡Q|Õ
kÖx my‡Lvgq gy‡Lvcva¨vq Zuvi Ôevsjvi BwZnv‡mi `yÕ‡kv eQiÕ-
G Rvbv‡”Qb, ÔAvw`bv gmwR` hLb wbwg©Z nq, Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv wn›`y
†è‡èxi gywZ© wQ‡jv bv| ivRv M‡Yk hLb ÿgZv jvf K‡i
Avw`bv gmwR`‡K KvQvwi‡Z cwiYZ K‡iwQ‡jb, †m mg‡q ZuviB
Av‡`‡k nq‡Zv GB gmwR‡ì g‡a¨ †è‡èx‡ì g~wZ©¸‡jv †Luv`vB
Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv|
Ab¨vb¨ AmsL¨ gmwR‡ì fv‡M¨ N‡UwQ‡jv `ytLRbK
Dcmsnvi| †Nvovi Av¯Ívej nq eû gmwR`| eû gmwR` cwiYZ
nq †èvj‡q| Bmjvwg Ávb‡K›`ª¸‡jv‡Z †b‡g Av‡m wbweo
wb¯ÍäZv| bMix¸‡jv nvivq †R․jym| we‡`wk wkÿv_©xiv Z¨vM K‡i
evsjv| gvìvmv, LvbKv mvaviYZ jv‡LivR IqvKd m¤úwË w`‡qB
e¨q wbe©vn Ki‡Zv| M‡Yk †mLv‡bI n¯Í‡ÿc K‡ib| d‡j evsjvi
wkÿveë¯’v Pig wech©‡q c‡o| †mKv‡j G‡`‡ki gvbyl wkwÿZ
n‡Zb gvìvmvq c‡oB| wn›`y-gymwjg wbwe©‡k‡l mK‡jB cov‡kvbv
Ki‡Zb gvìvmvq| wn›`y‡ì wbR¯^ ag©xq wkÿv †`qv n‡Zv †Uv‡j|
RvZxqfv‡e wkÿvMvi ej‡Z gvìvmv‡KB eySv‡Zv| ivRv M‡Y‡ki
we‡kl evwnbx gvìvmvmg~‡n AvZ¼ Qwo‡q †`q| AmsL¨ cÖwZôvb
`Lj K‡i †bq wKsev eÜ K‡i †`q|
MYnZ¨v wQ‡jv GK †K․k‡ji bvg| cÖKv‡k¨ GKwÎZ K‡i
nZ¨v Kiv n‡Zv gymwjg‡ì| bvix-wkï, e„×, hyeK; †invB wQ‡jv bv
Kv‡ivi| huviv Av‡jg, ì‡ek I GKwbô avwg©K, Zuv‡ì Rb¨
G‡`k n‡q I‡V g„Zz¨cyix| Zuv‡ì‡K me‡P‡q †ewk fq Ki‡Zb
M‡Yk| KviY Zuviv RbM‡Yi Rxe‡bi gg©g~‡j cÖ‡ek K‡iwQ‡jb|
kvmK‡ì †P‡q Zuv‡ì cÖfve Kg wQ‡jv bv MYRxe‡b| Zuv‡ì‡K
†kl bv Ki‡j i‡ÿ bvB| cÖvPxb HwZnvwmK †Mvjvg imyj mwjg
kZvãxi wPwV ● 68
Zuvi Ôwmqviæj gyZvAvLwLwibÕ-G (1786 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ) wj‡Lb,
ÔivRv M‡Yk gymjgvb cÖRv‡ì cÖwZ ïiæ Ki‡jb †NviZi
AZ¨vPvi| Zvi AZ¨vPv‡i gymwjg‡ì i‡³ †f‡m †h‡Z jvM‡jv
†MvUv †`k| Bmjvg ag©‡eËv Av‡jg I ì‡ekMY Zuvi AZ¨vPv‡i
RR©wiZ n‡jb| GB †NviZi AZ¨vPv‡i M‡Yk †g‡Z I‡Vb e½‡`k
†_‡K Bmjvg‡K mg~‡j webv‡ki D‡Ï‡k¨|Õ
HwZnvwmK †Mvjvg †nvmvBb Zuvi weL¨vZ ÔwiqvRym mvjvwZbÕ-
G (1787-88 wLªóv‡ã iwPZ) wj‡Lb, ÔAZ¨šÍ wbg©g AZ¨vPvi ïiæ
K‡ib ivRv M‡Yk| me ai‡bi mxgvj•Nbg~jK KvR ïiæ K‡i
†`b| AmsL¨ Av‡jg I ì‡ek‡K nZ¨v K‡ib| †`k †_‡K
Bmjv‡gi eywbqv` D‡”Q‡ì meiKg cÖ‡Póv Pvjvb| dvwÝm eyKvbb,
W. gynv¤§` †gvni Avwj, kÖx my‡Lvgq gy‡Lvcva¨vq, †gRi d«v¼wjb,
Gb.†K fÆkvjx, W±i Ave`yj Kwig, AvkKvi Be‡b kvqLmn
AvaywbK HwZnvwmKiv G weei‡Yi cÖwZaŸwb K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡ì
fv‡l¨ ¯úó, wmsnvm‡b e‡m ivRv M‡Yk gymjgvb‡ì, we‡kl K‡i
gymjgvb ì‡ek‡ì aŸsm mva‡b Zrci n‡q I‡Vb| me ai‡bi
wbôziZv Ae¨vnZ iv‡Lb| gymwjg‡ì RvwZMZ wbg©~jB wQ‡jv Zuvi
AwfcÖvq| Ôevsjvi BwZnv‡mi `yÕ‡kv eQiÕ MÖ‡š’ kÖx my‡Lvgq
gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi fvl¨ LyeB bgbxq| ZeyI Zuv‡K wjL‡Z nq Ô(ivRv
M‡Yk) Zvnv‡ì Ávbx Ges ag©f³ A‡bK‡K nZ¨v K‡ib| Zvnvi
ivR¨ nB‡Z Bmjvg‡K mg~‡j DrcvwVZ KivB Zvnvi D‡Ïk¨
wQ‡jv|Õ
kZvãxi wPwV ● 69
AvU
†kL eìæj Bmjvg cÖwm× Av‡jg| mywd‡ì mi`vi| A‡bK¸‡jv

gvìvmv I LvbKv wQ‡jv Zuvi| nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl Zuvi gywi`| Zuvi
wcZv wQ‡jb †kL gCbywÏb AveŸvm| evsjvi N‡i N‡i wcZv-cy‡Îi
mvabvi cÖfve| gvbyl Gi Øviv Bmjv‡gi w`‡K avweZ nq| G
Amnbxq! Zuv‡K LZg K‡i †`qv Riæwi|
M‡Y‡ki ûKz‡g ì‡ek‡K †W‡K Avbv n‡jv| nvwRi Kiv n‡jv
Zuvi mvg‡b| †kL eìæj Bmjvg ivRv‡K Awfev`b Rvbv‡jb bv|
ex‡ivwPZ c`‡ÿ‡c GwM‡q †M‡jb mvg‡b| ivRvi `yÕ†PvL †ÿv‡f
jvj| mfvlìv ZvKv‡”Q AwMœgq `„wó‡Z| †kL eìæj Bmjvg
Gm‡ei cÖwZ åæ‡ÿc Kivi gvbyl bb| wZwb e‡m co‡jb ivRvi
mvg‡b| M‡Yk ej‡jv, Ô†Kvb mvn‡m Avgv‡K KzwY©k bv K‡i
AvgviB mvg‡b e‡m co‡j?Õ
†k‡Li K‡É kxZj `„pZv, ÔAvcbvi wbôziZv‡K Awfev`b
Rvbv‡bv Ab¨vq| Avcwb wbôzi, wb`©q| gymwjg‡ì ea KivB
Avcbvi GKgvÎ KvR n‡q ùvwo‡q‡Q|Õ
ivRv †Kv‡bv DËi bv w`‡q Kvjmv‡ci g‡Zv dzj‡Z jvM‡jb|
my‡hvM LyuR‡Z jvM‡jb Kxfv‡e Zuv‡K `skb Kiv hvq| fv‡jv Dcvq
†ei Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK fve‡Z jvM‡jb| WvK‡jb GK ey‡ov
eªvþY‡K| PvB‡jb civgk©| †m eyw× w`‡jvÑÔGKwU Ni evbvb|
LyeB wbPz n‡e Zvi ìRv| N‡i em‡eb Avcwb| †kL‡K ûKzg
Ki‡eb †fZ‡i †h‡Z| †fZ‡i XzK‡Z †M‡j †kL‡K Aek¨B gv_v
†bvqv‡Z n‡e| bv †bvqv‡j †`‡eb kvw¯Í|Õ
•Zwi Kiv n‡jv wbPz ìRvi GKwU Ni| GB N‡ii g‡a¨
†ÿv‡f AÜ n‡q e‡m Av‡Q ivRv M‡Yk| †kL eìæj Bmjvg‡K
Avbv n‡jv N‡ii mvg‡b| †kL Rv‡bb, M‡Yk Avm‡j Kx Pvq!
kZvãxi wPwV ● 70
AvR‡Ki Av‡qvRb Kx‡mi Rb¨| M‡Yk Zuv‡K †W‡K ej‡jv,
Ô†fZ‡i Avmyb|Õ
†kL †`L‡jb GLv‡b XzK‡Z n‡j gv_v †bvqv‡Z nq| G `‡ivRv
w`‡q †Kv‡bv DuPz gv_v cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wZwb gv_v DuPz K‡i
ivL‡jb| †K․k‡j cÖ‡ek Ki‡jb| wZwb wK wcV mvg‡b w`‡q cÖ‡ek
K‡iwQ‡jb? †KD †KD Ggb e‡j‡Qb| Z‡e cÖvPxb HwZnvwmKiv
Gi D‡jøL K‡ibwb| Zuv‡ì fvl¨ n‡”Q, cÖ_‡g gv_v bv XzwK‡q wZwb
wb‡Ri cv `y‡Uv Av‡M `‡ivRvi g‡a¨ XzwK‡q †`b|
N‡i Xz‡K gv_v DuPz K‡i ùvov‡jb ivRv M‡Y‡ki mvg‡b| `vD
`vD K‡i R¡‡j DV‡jv M‡Yk| e›`x Kiv n‡jv †kL eìæj
Bmjvg‡K| evsjvi Ab¨Zg cÖavb GB †kL‡K Kiv n‡jv i³v³|
`wo w`‡q fqvbKfv‡e Zuv‡K wcV‡gvov K‡i ivLv n‡jv| †W‡K
cvVv‡bv n‡jv †k‡Li fvB‡ì‡K| ZuvivI gnvb Av‡jg, ì‡ek|
fvB‡qiv G‡m †`‡Lb nvZ-cv euvav Ae¯’vq gvwU‡Z †kvqv‡bv
eofvB †kL eìæj Bmjvg| eyKfvOv Kvbœvq Zuviv Rwo‡q a‡ib
eofvB‡K| RL‡g RL‡g ÿZweÿZ Zuvi †MvUv †`n| wZwb ZeyI
¯^vfvweK| †Pnvivq nvwmi †iLv| fvB‡ì ej‡jb, Ô†f‡O c‡ov bv,
†Zvgiv •ah© a‡iv|Õ
KvbœviZ fvB‡ìI †eu‡a †djv n‡jv| ivRv M‡Y‡ki ûKz‡g
GwM‡q G‡jv Rjøv`| cvkvcvwk †kvqv‡bv wZbwU fvB| AZ¨vPvixi
mvg‡b AebZ bv nIqvi Kvi‡Y Zuviv g„Zzï gy‡LvgywL| ü`q Zv‡ì
wbiæ‡ØM| K‡É Cgv‡bi Kvwjgv| mvg‡b fqvbK A¯¿ nv‡Z Rjøv`|
Zvi Z‡jvqv‡ii AvNv‡Z †k‡Li gv_v wØLwÐZ| wdbwK †`qv i‡³
wf‡R hv‡”Qb cv‡ki `yB fvB| wKQzÿ‡Yi g‡a¨ Rjøv‡ì AvNv‡Z
ZuvivI n‡q †M‡jb g¯ÍKnviv| KvUvg¯ÍK Avi i³ gv‡bB M‡Y‡ki
nvwm| †m nv‡m| Djøvm K‡i| Zvi Lvejv Lvejv nvwmi AÆ‡iv‡j
wkD‡i I‡V evZv‡mi ü`q| Gici Kx Ki‡Z hv‡”Q GB cvke?
Gici M‡Yk Av‡`k Ki‡jv, ÔweL¨vZ Av‡jg‡ì a‡i G‡b
gvSb`x‡Z Wzwe‡q †kl K‡i `vI!Õ
kZvãxi wPwV ● 71
AmsL¨ Av‡jg, Bgvg, ì‡ek| Pvey‡Ki AvNv‡Z i³v³|
†Pnviv †_uZ‡j †`qv n‡q‡Q KviI| Dc‡o †djv n‡q‡Q KviI bL,
KviI ùvZ| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki †PvL euvav| nv‡Z †ewo, cv‡q †kKj|
K‡qK kÕ †b․Kvq Zz‡j Zuv‡ì wb‡q Avmv n‡jv gnvb›`v b`xi
gvSLv‡b| GK GK K‡i mevB‡K †d‡j †`qv n‡jv| `yB Zx‡i
M‡Y‡ki wÎk~javix •mb¨| Zviv Ki‡Q mg‡eZ Djøvm| nvZ-cv euvav
Av‡jgiv cvwb‡Z †M‡jb Wz‡e, †f‡m †M‡jb †¯ªv‡Z| M‡Y‡ki
Avb›` †K †`‡L? †m wR‡Z †M‡Q| kÎæ wbcvZ K‡i‡Q| †m
wbivc`|
Avm‡jB wK wbic` n‡jv †m? mvdj¨ wbwðZ Ki‡jv? †kL
eìæj Bmjvg I ì‡ek‡ì AvZ¥`vb Avi ZvIwnw` `„pZv evsjvi
cieZ©x fvM¨ iPbv Ki‡jv| Rxe‡bi e`‡j Zuviv ZvIwnw`
AvZ¥gh©v`v‡K wewµ K‡ibwb| M‡Y‡ki nxbZv I cvkeZv‡K †`bwb
¯^xK…wZ| Rxeb w`‡q Zuviv Rvwb‡q †M‡jb, †h †Kv‡bv fqvenZvi
gy‡LI †hb gymwjgiv Cgvwb AvZ¥cwiPq‡K gwjb bv K‡i| G‡K
†hb ZiZvRv iv‡L cÖv‡Yi wewbg‡q|
cÖwZw`‡bi Lei †cu․‡Q †h‡Zv Avcbvi Kv‡Q| Avcwb, byi
KzZzeyj Avjg, cÖZ¨‡ni NUbvP‡µ †e`bvweMwjZ| †Pv‡Li cvwb
†Kv‡bv euvavB gvb‡Q bv| AšÍi †iv`b Ki‡Q Mfxi e¨_vq| DavI
Avcbvi kvwšÍ I wb`ªv| w`b-iRbx Zxeª gg©`vn‡b cyo‡Qb Av¸‡bi
Pzwjøi g‡Zv| †Lv`vi ìev‡i †iv`b I dwiqv‡` KvwU‡q w`‡”Qb
iv‡Zi ci ivZ|
PvB‡jB Avcwb we‡`ªv‡ni WvK w`‡Z cv‡ib| †MvUv evsjv
`vD`vD K‡i R¡‡j DV‡e| jvL jvL gvbyl †b‡g Avm‡e c‡_|
Av‡jg I ì‡ek‡ì †`Lv‡bv c‡_ Rxeb Kzievb K‡i †`‡e| wKš‘
cÖkvmb, †mbvevwnbx, A¯¿-k¯¿ mewKQz M‡Y‡ki nv‡Z| gymwjg‡ì
†Kv‡bv ivR‣bwZK †bZ…Z¡ †bB| mvgwiK †bZ…Z¡I wbwðýcÖvq|
GgZve¯’vq hy× euva‡j RbMY ïay Rxeb †`‡e, mydj N‡i Avm‡e
bv| D×vi n‡e bv mvjZvbvZ| Aciw`‡K jovB ïiæ n‡j †mUv
kZvãxi wPwV ● 72
M‡Y‡ki weiæ‡× RbM‡Yi msMÖvg _vK‡e bv| M‡Yk G‡K wn›`y-
gymwjg hy‡× wb‡q hv‡e| hv ïiæ n‡j Avi †kl n‡e bv| cÖwZwU
N‡i Qwo‡q co‡e Av¸b| R¡j‡e cÖwZwU MÖvg I Rbc`| AviI
†ewk weivb n‡e GB †`k, GB evsjv|
Avcwb Av‡e‡Mi nv‡Z wb‡R‡K mu‡c w`‡jb bv| †Kv‡bv
D‡ËRK e³e¨ ivL‡jb bv| AvkÖq wb‡jb ivR‣bwZK cÖÁv I
`~i`wk©Zvi| Aej¤^b Ki‡jb K~U‣bwZK †K․kj| Ah_v i³cvZ
Gov‡bvi ga¨ w`‡q mgm¨vi mgvavb Zvjvk Ki‡jb| Av‡M hy×
n‡Zv ivRvq ivRvq| GwU wQ‡jv ¯^vfvweK I †PvLmIqv welq|
†mbv‡ì mv‡_ jo‡Zv †mbviv| MYRxe‡b hy‡×i Av¸b Qov‡Zv bv|
†_‡g †h‡Zv bv ¯^vfvweK Rxebaviv| hy×gv‡VB mvaviYZ wba©vwiZ
n‡q †h‡Zv Rq-civRq| wKš‘ Avcwb †Zv bv ivRv, bv †mbvcwZ|
Avcbvi †Zv †bB †Kv‡bv evwnbx, A¯¿| Avcwb †Zv cv‡ib bv evwnbx
wb‡q gy‡LvgywL jo‡Z| Z‡e Kx NU‡e evsjvi fv‡M¨? Z‡e wK
mdj n‡e M‡Yk? evsjv †_‡K wbwðý n‡e gymwjg RvwZmËv?
cÖkœ¸‡jvi Rev‡ei Rb¨ BwZnvm †P‡q Av‡Q Avcbvi w`‡K|
Avcwb Kx D‡`¨vM †bb, Aej¤^b K‡ib †Kvb Kg©aviv?
Avcwb Kjg wb‡jb nv‡Z| wjL‡jb GKwU cÎ| †h c‡Îi
mv‡_ RwoZ wQ‡jv evsjvi fvM¨| ü`‡qi meUzKz Av‡jv Avi e¨_v
w`‡q, meUzKz ì` Avi e¨vKzjZv Swi‡q Avcwb GKwU cÎ wjL‡jb
•Rbcy‡ii kw³gvb kvmK Beivwng kwK© (1401-1440 wLªóvã)-
Gi cÖwZ| †mB c‡Îi cÖwZe‡Y© ¸ÄwiZ wQ‡jv evsjvi AvZ¥v|
evsjvi gyw³| †mB c‡Îi †fZ‡i cyu‡Z w`‡qwQ‡jb Avcbvi ü`q|
†hLvb †_‡K beRxeb †c‡q †ewi‡q G‡mwQ‡jv evsjvi gymwjg‡ì
fwel¨Z| c‡Î †Zgb wKQz wQ‡jv bv †jLv| mvaviY wKQz K_v| wKš‘
Zvi g‡a¨ wQ‡jv AKw_Z GK Av¸b, GK Zzdvb|
Avcwb wj‡LwQ‡jb ì`gw_Z K_vgvjv, Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb
GK AvnŸvb| c‡Îi g~jK_vwU wQ‡jvÑÔAZ¨vPvi hvi A½fzlY,
†`․ivZ¥¨ hvi Aw¯ÍZ¡mvi, †mB weag©x ivRv M‡Yk; Zvi Ke‡j AvR
kZvãxi wPwV ● 73
k¦vmiæ× evsjv| Zvi c‡` `wjZ GB evsjv, ¯^vaxb GB RvqbvgvR|
kv¯¿Á gymwjg gbxlx‡ì i³ Zvi cvbxq, Zv‡ì cÖvYwebv‡k †m
wbwkw`b Db¥v`| KvD‡KB †m ivL‡Q bv, me cÖ`xcB wbwf‡q w`‡”Q,
†kl K‡i w`‡”Q| GLbI hv‡ì cÖvYcÖ`xc wb‡f bvB, nZ¨v I webvk
Zv‡ì gv_vi Dc‡i| evsjvq Bmjvgag©‡K G‡Kev‡i †kKomn
D‡”Q` Ki‡Z Pvq M‡Yk| weagx© ivRvi wbg©g nv‡Z wbwðý n‡”Q
gymwjg, MYaŸs‡mi gy‡L wecbœ gymwjg, Zv‡ì cv‡k ¯^RvwZi
b„cwZ‡K ùvov‡Z nq| G Zuvi KZ©e¨| Avwg Avcbv‡K wei³ KiwQ
G cÎ w`‡q| wKš‘ evsjvi gymwjg‡ì wech©q mxgv Qvwo‡q‡Q|
¯^RvwZi Gme fvB-†ev‡bi mnvqZv K‡i Avgv‡K evwaZ Ki‡Z
Avcwb wb‡R evsjv‡`‡k Avm‡eb, Avkv KiwQ| G †`‡k G‡m
Zv‡ì D×vi K‡i hvb M‡Y‡ki AZ¨vPvi I †`․ivZ¥ †_‡K|Õ
Av‡iKwU wPwV wjL‡jb ÁvbZvcm wgi mvBwq` Avkivd
Rvnvw½i wmgbvwbi Kv‡Q| wZwb wQ‡jb Avcbvi wcZvi kvM‡i`,
Avcbvi mnPi| Abyi³| wmgbvwb‡K wjL‡jb, †hb wZwb kwK©‡K
DØy× K‡ib evsjvi mvnv‡h¨ GwM‡q Avm‡Z| Beivwng kwK© Avcbvi
cÎ‡K Cgvwb `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi digvb g‡b Ki‡jb| Zuvi cÖavb
Dc‡`óv hyM‡kÖô Av‡jg, KvwR wknveywÏb †`․jZvevwì aviYvI
wQ‡jv Abyiƒc| wmgbvwbi fvebvI wQ‡jv GKB mgZ‡j| Zuviv
myjZvb‡K civgk© w`‡jb AwZ`ªæZ Awfhv‡bi Rb¨| evsjvq
MYnZ¨v eÜ Kivi Rb¨, Bbmv‡di kvmb wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨|
†`․jZvev`x myjZvb‡K ej‡jb, Pjyb, AvwgI mvov †`‡ev GB gnvb
AvnŸv‡b| hv‡ev hy‡×| G Awfhvb BnKvj-ciKv‡j mydj wb‡q
Avm‡e| evsjv n‡e gy³, wbivc` Avi myLx| Avi AwR©Z n‡e byi
KzZzeyj Avj‡gi `k©b I †`vqv| hv n‡e gnvb GK †m․fvM¨|
ïiæ n‡jv Beivwng kwK©i hvÎv| kvwšÍi cÖ‡qvR‡b, jvwÂZ
evsjvi cÖ‡qvR‡b|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 74
bq
ivRv M‡Yk GKv wQ‡jb bv| gbyev` Pviw`‡K MwR‡qwQ‡jv Mfxi

†kKo| †RvU †eu‡awQ‡jv wKQz wn›`y ivRv| gymwjgwenxb mv¤ªv‡Rï
Rb¨ Zviv ci¯ú‡ii wgÎ| GKR‡bi wec‡` Av‡iKRb cv‡k
ùvov‡e| GKRb AvµvšÍ n‡j Av‡iKRb e‡m _vK‡e bv|
gbyev‡ì wec`¸‡jv G‡K G‡K m‡i hvw”Q‡jv| Bwjqvm kvwn
ivRes‡ki †kl myjZvb‡K nZ¨vi ci evsjvq M‡Yk‡ì mgxKiY
wQ‡jv LyeB †mvRv| wKš‘ Beivwng kwK©i GwM‡q Avmv mKj
mgxKiY e`‡j w`‡jv|
kwK©‡K †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡e, cvk¦©eZ©x ivRv‡ì †m mvg_¨© wQ‡jv
bv| ZeyI mvnm Ki‡jv wgw_jvi ivRv wke wmsn| †m wMqvmywÏb
AvRg kvn‡K K‡iwQ‡jv civwRZ| Zv †c‡iwQ‡jv g~jZ M‡Y‡ki
mvnv‡h¨| Avcb wcZv †è wmsn‡K civwRZ K‡i ivRZ¡‡K K‡i‡Q
msnZ| wbR iv‡R¨ nZ¨v K‡i‡Q AMwYZ gymwjg| M‡Y‡ki wÎk~‡j
†h i³, wkewms‡ni nv‡Z Zv, ùv‡ZI Zv| †m MYnZ¨v Pvwj‡q‡Q
ØvifvOvi LvbKv I gvìvmvq| kwn` K‡i‡Q AMwYZ Av‡jg I
mywd‡K| †invB †`qwb AvkÖqcÖv_©x gymvwdi I j½iLvbvi
GwZg‡ì|
Zvi cieZ©x Uv‡M©U gL`yg kvn myjZvb †nv‡mb| Zuv‡K †kl
K‡i w`‡j wÎûZ ev wgw_jvi gymwjg‡ì Avi †Kv‡bv Qvqv`vi e„ÿ
_vK‡e bv| †¯ªv‡Zi †dbvi g‡Zv I‡ì‡K ARvbvq fvwm‡q †bqv
hv‡e|
Beivwng kwK©i AMÖhvÎv Zuvi ¯^cœ‡K av°v w`‡jv| †m †NvlYv
Ki‡jv, kwK©‡K cÖwZnZ Ki‡e| weivU evwnbx wb‡q GwM‡q G‡jv
mvg‡b| hy× n‡jv| cÖPÐ I fqven jovB| wke wms‡ni cÖavb
†mbviv wbnZ n‡jv G‡K G‡K| cy‡iv evwnbx civwRZ n‡q‡Q Zvi|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 75
hy‡×i Ae¯’v myweavRbK bq †`‡L ivRv cvwj‡q‡Q Av‡MB| AvkÖq
wb‡q‡Q †jnivi `y‡M©| wgw_jv `Lj Ki‡jb Beivwng kwK©| cÖwZôv
Ki‡jb gymwjg kvmb|
wke wms‡ni evev †è wmsn ZLbI RxweZ| cy‡Îi civR‡q †m
Lywk| AZ¨vPvixi gy‡Vv †_‡K iÿv †c‡jv †`k| Avi RvM‡jv
nviv‡bv ivRZ¡ wd‡i cvevi ÿxY Avkv; hw`, `qv K‡ib Beivwng
kwK©| Zuvi nv‡Z Zz‡j †`b AwaK…Z †`k| gymwjg we‡RZv‡ì
Kv‡Q GgbwU Avkv Kiv †h‡ZB cv‡i| AZx‡Z Ggb N‡U‡Q
eûevi|
Beivwng kwK©i ìev‡i G‡jv †è wmsn| ùvov‡jv AebZ
n‡q, `yB nvZ †Rvo K‡i| myjZv‡bi cÖwZ fw³i †hb †kl †bB|
†hb myjZvbB Zvi †èZv| cy‡Îi nv‡Z wb‡Ri civRq I jvÂbvi
K_v †m Rvbv‡jv myjZvb‡K| Ávcb Ki‡jv weR‡qi Rb¨
Awfb›`b| cy‡Îi civR‡q cÖKvk Ki‡jv Avb›` I nl©| myjZvb
Lywk n‡jb Zvi cÖwZ|
†m Av‡e`b Ki‡jv, ÔcÖfz, Avcwb Awak¦i G‡`‡ki| Avwg
Avcbvi `vmgvÎ| m`vkq Avcbvi mgx‡c GKwU Av‡e`b Ki‡Z
Pvq GB `vm|Õ myjZvb ej‡jb, ÔKx †Zvgvi Av‡e`b?Õ
ÔAvcbvi AbyMÖn, †h AbyMÖ‡ni mvg‡b GKwU ivR¨ mvgvb¨
e¯‘gvÎ|Õ
ÔKx PvI, ¯úó K‡i e‡jv|Õ myjZv‡bi K‡É weiw³|
ÔAvwg PvB nviv‡bv ivR¨| `qv K‡i Avgv‡K `vb Ki‡eb
ivRZ¡|Õ
ÔZzwg Zv †c‡Z cv‡iv| G AbyMÖn Kiv n‡e| wKš‘ GKwU kZ©|Õ
Ôhv ej‡eb, cÖv‡Yi wewbg‡qI c~iY Ki‡e G `vm|Õ
Ôb¨vqwePvi Ki‡e cÖRv‡ì mv‡_| gymwjg‡ì i³ Avi Siv‡e
bv| Kó †`‡e bv †Kv‡bv gymwjg‡K|Õ
ÔAvcbvi cv‡qi ay‡jvi kc_! Avwg Zv wbwðZ Ki‡ev|
Ab¨_vq Avgvi gv_v Avcbvi Zievwii Rb¨ •ea|Õ
kZvãxi wPwV ● 76
wgw_jvi kvmbÿgZv †c‡jv †è wmsn| myjZvb GwM‡q G‡jb
wd‡ivRcyi| ¯’vcb Ki‡jb A¯’vqx wkwei| Pviw`‡K gRjyg gvby‡li
g‡a¨ RvM‡jv bZzb mvov| Zv‡ì `yt¯^‡cœi Aemvb NU‡e kwK©i
gva¨‡g| ZvivI †hvM w`‡jv evwnbx‡Z| evwnbx jvf Ki‡jv AviI
wekvj AvKvi|
evR‡Z jvM‡jv KvovbvKvov| gyw³Kvgx evOvwjiv wZi,
Z‡jvqvi, jvwV BZ¨vwì gnov Pvjv‡”Q Avkcv‡k| Beivwng kwK©
Zv‡ì Rvwb‡q w`‡q‡Qb, hy×gv‡V Zv‡ì †b‡g Avmvi ìKvi †bB|
Zviv wb‡R‡ì ¯^Rb-cwiRb wb‡q wbivc` Ni-evwo‡Z Ae¯’vb
KiæK| RbMY ZeyI GK euvafvOv Avb‡›` cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡”Q bZzb GK
weRqei‡Yi|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 77
`k
M‡Y‡ki ivRmfvq Avbv n‡q‡Q K‡qKRb AwfRvZ gymwjg‡K|

Gu‡ì wcZv wQ‡jb eo eo Avwgi| M‡Yk Zuv‡ì evwo‡Z hvZvqvZ
Ki‡Zb wbqwgZ| KZB bv wbKURb wQ‡jb wZwb| Zuv‡ì †KD
M‡Yk‡K WvK‡Zb PvPv, †KD Lvjy| GLb M‡Yk Zuv‡ì †P‡bb bv|
e›`x K‡i G‡b Szwj‡q †i‡L‡Qb Mv‡Q| w`‡bi ci w`b Zv‡ì Sz‡j
_vK‡Z nq Avi mn¨ Ki‡Z nq Pvey‡Ki AvNvZ, ejø‡gi Nv| mviv
kixi i³jvj| RL‡g RL‡g GKvKvi| i³ Si‡Q kixi †_‡K|
KviI gv_v †_uZ‡j †`qv n‡q‡Q| KviI †PvL Zz‡j †djv n‡q‡Q|
†K‡U †djv n‡q‡Q KviI bvK-Kvb| cÖ‡Z¨‡KB giYvcbœ| ÿzavq
†cU †j‡M †M‡Q wc‡Vi mv‡_| mevB A‡cÿv Ki‡Q, K‡e Avm‡e
giY?
giY Av‡m bv mn‡R| hLb g„Zz¨ wbwðZ, R¡jšÍ Av¸‡b Qz‡o
†djv nq e›`x‡ì| ivRv †`‡Lb Avi Lywk‡Z wPK wPK K‡i `yB
†PvL| Djøvm K‡ib wZwb| D”PviY K‡ib †èZvi RqaŸwb| AvR
AwMœ`» Kiv n‡e A‡bK‡K| ivRvi Av‡`‡ki A‡cÿvgvÎ| GiB
g‡a¨ ¸ßP‡ii cÖ‡ek| †m fxZ Ges K¬všÍ fxlY| ej‡jv, Ôi‡ÿ
†bB gnvivR, Avi i‡ÿ †bB|Õ
Ô†Kb? Kx n‡q‡Q?Õ
ÔBeivwng kwK©i evwnbx G‡m †M‡Q •Rbcyi †_‡K| mvM‡ii
†¯ªv‡Zi g‡Zv •mb¨mvwi| Gevi Avi euvwP †b gnvivR!Õ
M‡bk fq †c‡q †M‡jv| wKQyB bv e‡j ìevi Z¨vM Ki‡jv|
†Pnviv Zvi gwjb| Nwoi KuvUvq AÜKvi| mviv w`b †m AvZ¥iÿvi
Dcvq wb‡q fve‡jv| Ae‡k‡l Luy‡R †c‡jv GK c_| †h‡nZz byi
KzZzeyj Avj‡gi AvnŸv‡b Beivwng kwK© G‡m‡Qb G‡`‡k, AZGe
kZvãxi wPwV ● 78
Zuvi gva¨‡gB kwK©‡K †div‡bv m¤¢e| wm×všÍ wb‡jv, hv‡e byi
KzZzeyj Avj‡gi ìev‡i|
wej¤^ †bB| GKRb †`niÿx wb‡q iv‡Zi AÜKv‡i Pzwc Pzwc
†m Gjv LvbKvq| GLv‡b ZLb wbR©‡b Kuv`‡Qb Avcwb| mv_x‡ì
wb‡q †iv`b Ki‡Qb evsjvi Rb¨, gymwjg‡ì Rb¨|
bxi‡e Si‡Q AkÖæ, †gvbvRvZ n‡”Q •bk‡ã| GKvšÍ wKQz mv_x
Avcbvi m‡½| ZuvivI Kuv`‡Qb kãnxb kã K‡i|
ZLbB LvbKvi `‡ivRvq G‡m ùvov‡jv ivRv M‡Yk| Kuvc‡Q
Zvi †MvUv †`n| KÉ¯îI K¤úgvb| †m Avcbvi mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡Z
Pvq| †`niÿx‡K cvVv‡jv LvbKvi Lvm K‡ÿ| M‡Y‡ki Avmvi Lei
†c‡q Avcwb evB‡i †ewi‡q G‡jb|
Avcbvi †Pv‡L ZLb N„Yvi Av¸b| ey‡K wecyj mvnm| AwMœjvj
`„wó‡Z ZvKv‡jb M‡Y‡ki w`‡K| G‡Z †hb Zvi AšÍivZ¥v ïwK‡q
†M‡jv|
†m jywV‡q co‡jv Avcbvi cv‡q| Kx weeªZKi! GB wns¯ª GLb
Ggb Ki‡Q †Kb? Avcwb ej‡jb, ÔAvgvi cv Qv‡ov, ee©i!Õ
ÔAvcwb Avgvi †èZv| Av‡M Avgv‡K gvd Kiæb Avi GKUv
Ave`vi gÄyi Kiæb| bv-nq cv QvowQ bv| bv-nq Gfv‡eB c‡o
_vK‡ev|Õ
ÔKx †Zvgvi Ave`vi?Õ
ÔAvgvi cÖvY euvPvb| Beivwng kwK© G‡j Avgvi Avi i‡ÿ
†bB| Avgv‡K w`b ÿgv| Avi ejyb, cÖvY euvPv‡eb!Õ
ÔwZwb G‡m‡Qb Avgvi Aby‡iv‡a| GK i³cvqx cïi R‡b¨
Avgvi Kivi wKQz †bB|Õ
Ônvq †èZv! Avgv‡K euvPvb! Avgv‡K D×vi Kiæb|Õ
Ôwbi¯¿ kvwšÍwcÖq †`kevmxi weiæ‡× A‡bK exiZ¡ †`wL‡qQ|
GLb •mwbK‡ì weiæ‡× j‡ov| hy× K‡i I‡ì †L`vI| Ggwb‡ZB
msK‡Ui mgvavb n‡q hv‡e|Õ
kZvãxi wPwV ● 79
Ôcvi‡ev bv †èZv| Avwg Zv cvi‡ev bv| Avcwb eis Avgvi
Rb¨ wKQz Kiæb| Avgv‡K B‡”Qg‡Zv kZ© w`b|Õ
ÔZzwg gymwjg n‡e? GB GKwUgvÎ c_, hv †Zvgvi cvc jvNe
Ki‡Z cv‡i|Õ
M‡Yk wb‡Ri nvZ ivL‡jv †Pv‡Li Dci| Iqv`v Ki‡jv †m
gymwjg n‡e| ïay PvB‡jv GKUz mgq| GKUz AbygwZ| cweÎ n‡q
Avm‡e ivRcyix †_‡K| `ªæZB| wej¤^ Ki‡e bv|
Avcwb AevK n‡jb Zvi KvcyiælPwi‡Î| AMwYZ cÖv‡Yi
msnviKvix GB b„ks‡mi KZ gvqv Avcb cÖv‡Yi cÖwZ| g„Zz¨‡K Zvi
KZ fq! Zvi †MvUv †`ng‡b gi‡Yi Îvk| wKš‘ A‡bï Rb¨ †m
wb‡RB GK giY, D×Z msnvi!
G‡Zv wbg©gZv Avi fxiæZv GK‡Î GKR‡bi g‡a¨ †`‡L
Avcwb Kx †f‡ewQ‡jb? hy‡× hvi G‡Zv fq, †m Kxfv‡e nZ¨v
Kiv‡jv G‡K G‡K wZbRb myjZvb‡K? aŸsm K‡i Qvo‡jv cy‡iv
evsjvi mvRv‡bv evMvb? `Lj K‡i wb‡jv cy‡iv †`k! A‡bK †hv×v
hv cv‡i bv, †m GgbwU cvi‡jv| hy× K‡iB †Zv cvi‡jv| Zvi hy×
wQ‡jv eyw×i, †K․k‡ji, cÖZviYvi| Gevi †m Kx cÖZviYv K‡i, G
wel‡q Avcwb wQ‡jb DwØMœ| Kx Ki‡Z hv‡”Q M‡Yk?
M‡Yk †M‡jv ivRcyix‡Z| †Mvmj Ki‡jv| cvK-mvd †cvkvK
ci‡jv| †kl ev‡ii g‡Zv †èZv‡K cÖYvg Ki‡jv| ivwY Rvb‡Z
PvB‡jv, Ôe¨vcvi Kx?Õ
Ôgymwjg n‡q hv‡ev| bZzev Dcvq †bB| euvP‡Z n‡e bv?
Beivwng kwK©i nv‡Z givi †P‡q gymwjg n‡q hvIqvB fv‡jv|Õ
Ô†mUv K‡iv bv| cvi‡j hy× K‡iv| nvivI Zv‡K| †mUv hw`
Am¤¢e nq, wb‡R ag©Z¨vM bv-K‡i Avcb cyÎ‡K gymwjg evbvI|
ì‡ek Zv‡Z ivwR n‡j nq|Õ
M‡Yk c‡o †M‡jv gnvfvebvq| Kx Ki‡e †m? ì‡ek Kx
cÖwZwµqv †`Lv‡eb GB Iqv`vf‡½? wZwb wK MÖnY Ki‡eb GB
cÖ¯vÍ e? hw` MÖnY bv K‡ib, Z‡e †Zv...
kZvãxi wPwV ● 80
M‡Y‡ki †Pv‡L fvm‡Z _v‡K Zvi nv‡Z wbnZ nvRvi nvRvi
gvby‡li gyL| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ fve‡Z _v‡K wb‡R‡K| `yt¯^‡cœi Zvovq
wkD‡i IVv gvby‡li g‡Zv Zvi †PvL we‡ùvwiZ n‡Z _v‡K| †m
Beivwng kwK©i nv‡Z gi‡Z Pvq bv| Rxeb Zvi eo gvqvi|
AwZ`ªæZ Avevi †`․ov‡jv Avcbvi Av¯Ívbvq| Avcwb
fvewQ‡jb †m bqv †K․kj †b‡e| wb‡jv| Gici?
Gi c‡ii NUbv HwZnvwmK †Mvjvg imyj mwjg Zuvi weL¨vZ
wmqviæj gyZvAvLwLwi‡b wj‡L‡Qb ms‡ÿ‡c| Ô12 eQi eqmx Avcb
cyÎ h`y‡K wb‡q M‡Yk †M‡jb byi KzZeyj Avj‡gi ìev‡i| KvZi
web‡q ej‡Z jvM‡jb, Avwg e„× n‡qwQ| AwP‡iB gvbejxjv mgvß
n‡e| Avcwb G‡K Bmjv‡g `xwÿZ K‡i Zvi nv‡Z ivRZ¡ Ac©Y
Kiæb| KzZzeyj Avjg ¯^xq gyL †_‡K Pwe©Z Zv¤^yjKYv †ei K‡i h`yi
gy‡L w`‡jb| Zvici Zuv‡K Kv‡jgv cwo‡q K‡i wb‡jb gymjgvb|
h`y weL¨vZ n‡jb RvjvjywÏb bv‡g| h`yi gymwjg nevi weeiY
ivRavbx‡Z †NvlYv Kiv n‡jv Ges Zvi bv‡g LyZev cÖPwjZ n‡jv|
Bmjvg a‡g©i weav‡b ivRKvh© AveviI Pj‡Z jvM‡jv|
Gici KzZzeyj Avjg myjZvb Beivwn‡gi mv‡_ mvÿvZ
Ki‡jb| Zuvi Kv‡Q ÿgvcÖv_©bvc~e©K Zuv‡K ¯^‡`‡k wd‡i hvevi
Aby‡iva Ki‡jb| ì‡e‡ki Aby‡iv‡a myjZvb n‡jb gg©vnZ|
†M‡jb KvwR kvnveywÏ‡bi wbKU| KvwR mv‡ne KzZzeyj Avjg‡K
ej‡jb, ÔAvcbvi AvnŸv‡b wekvj GB hy×hvÎv| myjZv‡bi
AvMgb| GLb Avcwb i³‡L‡Kv weag©x ivRvi cÿ wb‡”Qb|
Aby‡iva Ki‡Qb wd‡i †h‡Z| G eo A™¢~Z|Õ nRiZ ej‡jb,
Ôweag©x cvkeivRv wbab I webv‡ki Zjvq gymwjg‡ì wc‡l
†djwQ‡jv| Zvi †`․iv‡Z¥ †`k n‡qwQ‡jv g„Zz¨cyix| myjZv‡bi
AvMg‡b Zvi cyÎ MÖnY K‡i‡Q Bmjvg| GLb evsjvi kvmK
gymwjg| Kvi mv‡_ hy× Ki‡eb GLb? Bmjv‡gi weav‡b gymwj‡gi
weiæ‡× †Zv hy× P‡j bv| hy× n‡e weag©xi †gvKv‡ejvq|Õ KvwR
mv‡ne wbiæËi n‡jb| wKš‘ myjZvb‡K Lywk Kivi Rb¨ KzZzeyj
kZvãxi wPwV ● 81
Avj‡gi cvwÐZ¨ I A‡j․wKK ÿgZvi cixÿv Ki‡Z jvM‡jb Ges
nZf¤^ n‡jb| cÖ‡kœi ci cÖkœ, Rev‡ei Rev‡e Reve| ì‡ek
eyS‡jb Zuv‡K cixÿv Kiv n‡”Q| ej‡jb, Ôì‡ek‡ì‡K †h †nq
Ki‡Z Pvq Ges cixÿv Ki‡Z Pvq Zv‡K wbivk n‡Z n‡e, mgvb
gvÎvq AeÁvi wkKvi n‡Z nq| wfbœ †Kv‡bv dj †m †c‡Z cv‡i
bv|.....Õ G K_v e‡j ÿzä ì‡ek KvwR kvnveywÏb I myjZv‡bi
w`‡K ZvKv‡jb| myjZvb Beivwng fMœü`‡q I Amš‘ówP‡Ë •Rbcyi
cÖZ¨veZ©b Ki‡jb| Kw_Z Av‡Q †h myjZvb I KvwR AwP‡iB
g„Zz¨gy‡L cwZZ nb|
myjZvb Beivwn‡gi g„Zz¨msev` AeMZ n‡q ivRv M‡Yk Avcb
cyÎ RvjvjywÏb‡K wmsnvmb †_‡K bvgv‡jb| ivRgyKzU gv_vq w`‡q
wb‡R em‡jb wmsnvm‡b| AveviI|
wn›`ykv‡¯¿i weavb g‡Z RvjvjywÏb‡K †mvbvi •Zwi K‡qKwU
MvBMiæi M‡f© gyL w`‡q cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q A‡avØvi w`‡q †ei Kiv‡jb|
Zvici MvBMiæ‡Z h‡Zv †mvbv wQ‡jv, me weZiY Kiv n‡jv
eªvþY‡ì g‡a¨| ivRcyÎ‡K Gfv‡e kv¯¿g‡Z ï× Kwi‡q wn›`y a‡g©
`xwÿZ Ki‡jb| w`‡Z _vK‡jb wn›`ywkÿv| wKš‘ cyÎ KzZzeyj
Avj‡gi wkÿvq Bmjv‡g h_v_©B wek¦vm K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb Avcb
mZäg© †_‡K wePwjZ n‡jb bv| wcZvi †kLv‡bv wn›`yZ¡; gš¿ I
Dc‡`k MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv| ( d‡j Zv‡K ew›` K‡i ivLv nq
KvivMv‡i|)
M‡Yk Avev‡iv Dwo‡q w`‡jb AZ¨vPv‡ii cZvKv| gymwjg
webv‡k wb‡qvM Ki‡jb me©kw³| Kvjµ‡g Zuvi AZ¨vPvi I †`․ivZ¥
DcbxZ n‡jv Pi‡g| mKj mxgvB †m j•Nb Ki‡jb| GK`v KzZzeyj
Avj‡gi cyÎ †kL AvbIqvi wcZvi mgx‡c gg©‡e`bv cÖKvk
Ki‡jb| ej‡jb, ÔG LyeB gg©vwšÍK †h, Avcbvi g‡Zv KzZze RxweZ
Av‡Qb Avi gi‡Qb gymjgvbiv| jvwÂZ I webvkcÖvß n‡”Qb
weag©x‡ì nv‡Z|Õ KzZzeyj Avjg ZLb †Lv`vi a¨v‡b WzešÍ wQ‡jb|
m‡µv‡a D”PvwiZ n‡jv Zuvi KÉ¯îÑÔ†Zvgvi i‡³ Rwgb iwÄZ bv
kZvãxi wPwV ● 82
n‡j G AZ¨vPv‡ii Aemvb n‡e bv|Õ †kL AvbIqvi Rvb‡Zb,
wcZvi Dw³ KL‡bv wed‡j hvq bv| c‡i wZwb wb‡e`b Ki‡jb, ÔG
`v‡mi m¤ú‡K© Avcwb hv e‡j‡Qb, ZvB NUzK| Avgvi i‡³ Rwgb
iwÄZ nIqvB h_v_©| wKš‘ fvwZRv †kL Rvwn` m¤ú‡K© Kx Av‡`k
Avcbvi?Õ KzZzeyj Avjg ej‡jb, ÔPuv`-myiæR hZw`b _vK‡e, Zuvi
hkMv_v `ywbqvq MxZ n‡e|Õ
M‡Y‡ki AZ¨vPv‡ii gvÎv †e‡oB Pj‡jv| Ae‡k‡l †m nvZ
evov‡jv KzZzeyj Avj‡gi cwiev‡ii w`‡K| jyÉb Ki‡jv abiZœ|
e›`x Ki‡jv †kL AvbIqvi I †kL Rvwn`‡K| †kL Rvwn‡ì weeiY
Rvb‡jv M‡Yk| ZLb Zv‡K nZ¨vi mvnm n‡jv bv| AvbIqvi I
Rvwn`‡K e›`x K‡i cvwV‡q w`‡jv †mvbvi Muv| M‡Yk ïb‡jv, gvwUi
wb‡P Zuv‡ì c~e©cyiæ‡li jyKv‡bv abfvÐvi i‡q‡Q| †mvbvi Muv‡qi
Kg©KZ©v‡ì wb‡`©k w`‡jv, Av‡M †m m¤ú` nv‡Z wb‡Z n‡e| c‡i
nZ¨v Ki‡Z n‡e Dfq‡K| †mvbvi Muv‡q †bqvi c‡i Zuv‡ì Dci
bvbv cÖKv‡ii AZ¨vPvi Pvjv‡bv n‡jv| wbcxob †cu․Q‡jv Pi‡g|
wKš‘ ¸ßa‡bi mÜvb cvIqv †M‡jv bv| KviY, gvwUi wb‡P Av‡`․
†Kv‡bv ab jyKv‡bv wQ‡jv bv| a‡bi Z_¨ bv †c‡q nZ¨v Kiv n‡jv
†kL AvbIqvi‡K| Zvici †kL Rvwn`‡K nZ¨vq D`¨Z n‡j wZwb
Rvbv‡jb GK RvqMvq †cÖvw_Z Av‡Q e„nr GK Kjm| wb‡`©wkZ
RvqMvq gvwU Lbb K‡i Kjm cvIqv †Mj e‡U, wKš‘ Zv‡Z GK
Avkivwd Qvov wKQzB wQ‡jv bv| ivRcyiælMY Zuv‡K cÖkœ Ki‡jv,
ÔAvi me abiZœ †Kv_vq?Õ Rvwn` ej‡jb, Ô†evanq meUzKz
AcniY K‡i‡Q †Kv‡bv †Pvi|Õ †kL Rvwn` Gme wel‡q wKQzB
AeMZ wQ‡jb bv| †Kej •èvbyMÖ‡n mewKQz cÖKvk Ki‡jb|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 83
GMv‡iv
M‡Y‡ki GB wbg©gZvi gy‡L Avcwb wQ‡jb GKv| Avcwb Zvi

cÖwZkÖæwZ‡K K‡iwQ‡jb wek¦vm? †f‡ewQ‡jb RvjvjywÏ‡bi ivRZ¡ †m
wQwb‡q †b‡e bv? ï× n‡q hv‡e? Avcwb LvbKvi gvbyl; ivRbxwZ
eyS‡Zb, wKš‘ gvbyl KZ K~wUj n‡Z cv‡i, †mUv wK eyS‡Zb bv?
Avcwb Rvb‡Zb M‡Yk GKwU cÖZviYv wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jv LvbKvq|
c‡owQ‡jv Avcbvi cv‡q| D‡Ïk¨ Zvi gnr wQ‡jv bv|
RvjvjywÏb‡K gymjgvb n‡Z †`qvI wQ‡jv GK †K․kj| Z‡e †Kb
wdwi‡q w`‡jb Beivwng kwK©‡K? †Kb Zuvi nv‡Z M‡Y‡ki cZb‡K
wbwðZ n‡Z w`‡jb bv? GLv‡b wK wQ‡jv †Kv‡bv ivRbxwZ?
Ava¨vwZ¥K †Kv‡bv Bkviv?
RvjvjywÏb mwZ¨Kvi gymjgvb n‡qwQ‡jb| Avcbvi wkÿv I
ZË¡veavb Zuv‡K Aí w`‡bB K‡iwQ‡jv GKwbô Cgvb`vi| Avcwb wK
Zuvi gva¨‡g gymwjg evsjvi fv‡Mï cyb‡iv¾xe‡bi ¯^cœ †`L‡Z ïiæ
K‡iwQ‡jb? kwK©‡K hLb hy‡×i Rb¨ `vIqvZ †`b, ZLbI hy×
wQ‡jv bv Avcbvi B”Qvq| hy× Gov‡bvB wQ‡jv Avcbvi AMÖvwaKvi|
wKš‘ evsjvi gymwjg RvwZmËvi Aw¯Í‡Z¡i `vwe‡Z GKwU iYv½b
Avcbv‡K mvRv‡Z n‡jv| iYv½b mw¾Z n‡Z bv n‡ZB bZzb GKwU
Avkvi `‡ivRv Ly‡j †M‡jv| ivRv M‡Y‡ki Ni †_‡KB wSwjK w`‡q
†R‡M DV‡jv bZzb Av‡jv| Beivwng kwK©i mvgwiK Awfhv‡bi †h
ZvrÿwYK dvq`v, †mUv‡K Avcwb hy× QvovB Kv‡R jvMv‡Z
PvB‡jb| †cÖÿvcU †gvo wbw”Q‡jv bZzb m¤¢vebvi w`‡K|
my`~icÖmvix GK Kj¨v‡Yi exR eybwQ‡jb mg‡qi Rwg‡Z| bZzb †mB
exRZjv •Zwi nw”Q‡jv RvjvjywÏb‡K wN‡i? wKš‘ M‡Yk Zuv‡K
ÿgZvPz¨Z K‡i KvivMv‡i wb‡ÿc Ki‡jv|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 84
Avcwb Rvb‡Zb, gyw³i Rb¨ i³ Siv‡Z nq, w`‡Z nq Rxeb|
eiY Ki‡Z nq Z¨vM‡K| †mB Z¨vM ei‡Y Avcwb wQ‡jb mevi
Av‡M| nvwi‡q‡Qb mKj m¤ú`| n‡q‡Qb G‡Kev‡i wbt¯^| e›`x I
wbe©vwmZ n‡q‡Qb cyÎ-bvwZ| cÖvY w`‡q‡Qb Avcbvi me‡P‡q wcÖq
mšÍvb| evsjvi gyw³i Rb¨ Zuvi Rxeb`vb Acwinvh© e‡j †NvlYv
w`‡qwQ‡jb AvcwbB| cyÎ I bvwZ‡K †MÖßvi I wbe©vwmZ K‡i
Avcbv‡K `ye©j KivB wQ‡jv M‡Y‡ki B”Qv| Avcwb Zuv‡ì euvPv‡Z
PvB‡eb Ges M‡Y‡ki †¯^”QvPvi‡K †g‡b †b‡eb| AvZ¥mgc©Y
Ki‡eb Zvi B”Qvi Kv‡Q| Avcwb †m-w`‡K †M‡jb bv| AZ¨vPvi
n‡jv AviI gvÎvQvov cÖwZw`b bZzb bZzb wech©‡q Avcbvi mvRv‡bv
evMvb n‡q‡Q jÐfÐ| evsjvi cÖwZwU wkÿvMvi, cÖwZwU †mevjq
n‡q‡Q weivb| Avcbvi g‡bi Ae¯’v ZLb †Kgb wQ‡jv? †Kgb
wQ‡jv Avcbvi w`b I ivZ? wbweoZg Dcjwä? Kxfv‡e KvUwQ‡jv
Avcbvi cÖwZwU gvbmcÖni? Avgiv Zvi wKQz Av›`vR cvB GKwU
wPwVi gva¨‡g| wech©qfiv †mB mg‡q †`kZ¨vMx GK wkl¨‡K
Avcwb wj‡LwQ‡jb GK cÎ| hvi wKQz Ask GgbBÑ
Ô†Kv‡bv wcÖqRb cvÐzqv †_‡K P‡j hvevi ci Zv‡K
†jLvÑ(KweZv)
ÔAvwg hw` GB Kvwnwb ewj, Kx K‡i my¯’ †jv‡Kiv
Rvb‡e AvnZ ü`qmg~‡n Av‡Q Kx e¨_vivwk!
ÔGB †ePviv Amnvq `xb byiÑmg‡qi `yfv© ‡Mï Øviv hš¿YvcÖvß,
c„w_ex m¤^‡Ü m¤ú~Y© AvMÖnevb, wKš‘ `ytL-`y`©kvq cxwoZ, wb‡Ri
mËv I Aw¯Í‡Z¡i †e`bvi Rb¨ Aw¯’i I wenŸj, Avjøvn‡K †mev I
Dcvmbv Kiv †_‡K weiZ, Ava¨vwZ¥K RM‡Zi gnxqvb‡ì †mev
Ki‡Z Aÿg nIqvi ìæY bZg¯ÍKÑAvkxe©v` Rvbv‡”Q Ges cÖwZ
gyn~‡Z©B Avgvi †mB ivRv‡K (Avjøvni) ¯§iY Ki‡Q| wKš‘ GB
mg‡q gb GZ Lvivc Ges welv‡ì fvi GZ ¸iæ †h AvwgÑ`xb
e¨w³ÑAZ¨šÍ weeªZ I wePwjZ †eva KiwQ|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 85
Ô(KweZv) wb‡Ri Aw¯Í‡Z¡i †e`bv Avgv‡K G‡Zv weKj K‡i
†d‡j‡Q †h, c„w_exi m‡½ me m¤úK© Avwg wQbœ K‡iwQ|
ÔwZwb (Avjøvn) †hb Avgvi †`vlÎæwUi ZvwjKvi Dci gvR©bvi
Kjg Pvwj‡q †`b|
Ô†n wcZvi ü`q (A_©vr wcÖq cyÎ! †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv HwZnvwm‡Ki
g‡Z, cyÎ ej‡Z cyÎB D‡Ïk¨, wkl¨ bb| †kL AvbIqvi‡K GB
cÎ †jLv nq, †mvbvi Muv‡q ew›`‡Z¡i Av‡M|) Kx A™¢zZ e¨vcvi Ges
Kx we¯§qKi mgqÑhvi mwbœwnZ nIqv hvq bv Ges hv‡K bov‡bv
hvq bv, †mB Avjøvni b`x‡Z GK we‡ÿvf G‡m‡Q Ges nvRvi
nvRvi avwg©K‡kÖô I cwÐZ‡kÖô Ges ì‡ek I f³ 400 ermix
Rwg`vi GK weag©xi Aaxb¯’ n‡q‡Q, †h mb‡ì Avei‡Yi g‡a¨
Z_¨‡K †Mvcb K‡i‡Q Ges cÖK…Z c_wb‡`©‡ki (a‡g©i) mg¯Í djB
P‡j †M‡Q| Avjøvni wfwËB (gvbylB Avjøvni wfwË) aŸsm n‡q‡Q|
..... ..... .....
Ô(KweZv) Zuvi ÎæwU‡Z wePviKvh© m¤úv`‡bi †Mvjgvj n‡jv

wPiKvj wZwbB †`v‡li fvRb n‡q _vK‡eb|
Ô(Avjøvni c‡_i) GKRb cw_‡Ki Avjøvn wfbœ Ab¨ KviI

m‡½ _vKvi †jvf †Kb n‡e? (A_©vr GKRb gymjgv‡bi wPË Avjøvn
Qvov Ab¨ wKQyi cÖwZ AvK…ó nIqv DwPZ bq|)
Ô(KweZv) Avwg hw` w¯’i K‡i _vwKÑhvw”Q

Avwg Avgvi iÿvKZ©vi Avj‡qB hve|
ÔAvjøvni Kx gwngv! AvcvZ †Kv‡bv KviY wfbœB GKRb

Kv‡d‡ii mšÍvb‡K wZwb wek¦v‡mi (Bmjvg a‡g©i) †cvkvK w`‡q
†`‡ki wmsnvm‡bi, Zvi eÜz‡ì Dc‡i AwawôZ K‡i‡Qb| Kv‡dwi
cÖvavb¨ jvf K‡i‡Q Ges Bmjv‡gi ivR¨ bó n‡q‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨KwU
kZvãxi wPwV ● 86
gymjgv‡bi Aek¨ KZ©e¨, Avjøvni cÖwZ wek¦v‡mi cÖ‡qvR‡b mvnvh¨
Kiv Ges †mB wek¦vm‡K Rqhy³ Kiv| hwÌ AvcvZZ hv jÿY
†`Lv hv‡”Q Zv‡Z Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q †Kv‡bv mvnvh¨ Avmevi wKQzgvÎ
m¤¢vebv †bB, Zey me wRwb‡mi †fZ‡i ZvwK‡q Ges Avjøvni w`‡K
wd‡i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki DwPZ e¨MÖwP‡Ë Av‡e`b Rvbv‡bv, AvšÍwiK wP‡Ë
cÖv_©bv Kiv, mviv ivwÎ a‡i †kvK Kiv I Avjøvni Kv‡Q mvnvh¨
wfÿv Kiv|
Avjøvn Aby‡iva †kv‡bb I iv‡Lb| †`‡Lv, AÜKvi ivwÎ Ges
†e`bv`vqK cwiw¯’wZ †_‡K Kx †ewi‡q Av‡m!
Ô(KweZv) hw` Zzwg Avjøvni wgj‡bi d‡j myLx n‡q _v‡Kv
I‡Vv Ges (Zuvi m‡½) we‡”Q‡ì Rb¨ †kvK K‡iv|
†Zvgvi cÖv_©bvi mg‡q GB dwK‡ii Rb¨ cÖv_©bv K‡iv|
... ... ...
hwÌ Avwg `~‡i AvwQ wKš‘ Avjøvn Rv‡bb
Avgvi AvZ¥v ILv‡bB (†Zvgvi Kv‡Q) Av‡Q|Õ
kZvãxi wPwV ● 87
ev‡iv
†h iv‡Z †mvbvi Muv‡q †kL AvbIqvi kwn` n‡jb, †m iv‡ZB

NU‡jv NUbvwU| wbnZ n‡jv M‡Yk bvivqY|
†K nZ¨v Ki‡jv Zv‡K? †K GKwU nZ¨vi Øviv mviv evsjvq
jÿ jÿ nZ¨vi †¯ªvZ _vgv‡jv? †K †mB ÎvYKZ©v?
†jvKwUi bvg k¼i| M‡Y‡ki GKvšÍ mn‡hvMx| me iK‡gi
wec¾bK Awfhv‡b M‡Yk Zv‡K WvK‡Zv| Kv‡R jvMv‡Zv| me©‡kl
Zv‡K †h KvRwU w`‡qwQ‡jv, †mUv n‡jv KvivMv‡i myjZvb
RvjvjywÏ‡bi cvnviv`vwi| Bmjvwg AvPiY cwijwÿZ n‡j Zuv‡K
K‡VviZg kvw¯Í`vb| Zuvi †h †Kv‡bv m‡›`nRbK ZrciZv iæ‡L
†`qv Ges M‡Yk‡K AewnZ Kiv|
k¼i RvjvjywÏ‡bi Kv‡Q Kv‡Q _vK‡Zv| Z‡° Z‡° †m
bRi`vwi Ki‡Zv| †Pv‡L †Pv‡L ivL‡Zv mKj AvPiY| G‡K my‡hvM
g‡b Ki‡jb RvjvjywÏb| wZwb Zv‡K w`‡jb DËg m½| Rq K‡i
wb‡jb Zvi gb| Xz‡K co‡jb Zvi ü`‡qi MfxiZg GjvKvq|
KvivMv‡i RvjvjyÏxb _vK‡Zb kvšÍ, wbiæ‡ØM| AvPiY Ki‡Zb
GKvšÍ ¯^vfvweK| evev-gv Lv`¨ cvVv‡Zb| Zuv‡ì cvVv‡bv †Kv‡bv
Lv`¨B wZwb †L‡Zb bv| bv †L‡Z †L‡Z ïwK‡q hv‡”Qb RvjvjywÏb|
iv‡Z wZwb wbweo bxi‡e Dcvmbv K‡ib| †cÖg Avi cÖkvwšÍ †hb Zuvi
†Pv‡L-gy‡L| AvPi‡Y, K_v-evZ©vq GKwU Avjv`v AvKl©Y Qovb
wZwb| †Kv‡bvfv‡eB Zuv‡K AcwiYZ e‡j g‡b nq bv|
k¼i Zuvi mv‡_ KZ K_v e‡j, Mí K‡i| myL-`yt‡Li K_vgvjv
†kvbvq Zuv‡K|
†m evi evi Aby‡iva K‡i wKQz LvIqvi Rb¨| RvjvjywÏb‡K
LvIqv‡Z cv‡i bv| wZwb gv-evevi †Ìqv Lvevi Lv‡eb bv| Iiv
nvivwg| I‡ì me wKQzB AcweÎ|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 88
k¼i fv‡jvevm‡Z _v‡K ivR¨nviv myjZvb‡K| †m †Mvc‡b
†Mvc‡b Lv`¨ G‡b †`q GK ì‡e‡ki evwo †_‡K| RvjvjywÏb Zv
Lvb| M‡Y‡ki †`qv ivRKxq †h Lvevi, Zv †L‡Z nq k¼i‡KB|
GKw`b| A‡bK w`‡bi g‡Zv GKw`b| RvjvjywÏb bvgvR
co‡jb| my`xN© †mR`v, my`xN© gybvRvZ| k¼i KvQ †_‡K †`L‡jv|
cig cÖfzi cÖwZ Ggb ü`q DRvo Kiv wb‡e`b †mI Pvq| †m Pvq
cÖfzi KvQvKvwQ n‡Z, Zuv‡K wPb‡Z| RvjvjyÏxb‡K ej‡jv, ÔAvwgI
Avcbvi g‡Zv K_v ej‡Z cvi‡ev cÖfzi mv‡_? AvwgI cvi‡ev Zuvi
KvQvKvwQ n‡Z?Õ
Ôcvi‡e| Aek¨B cvi‡e| cÖfz Avgvi †hgb, †ZvgviI †Zgb|
ÔG Kx ej‡Qb myjZvb? Zuvi Kv‡Q Avwg I Avcwb mgvb?Õ
Ônüv, mgvb| †Kv‡bvB eëavb †bB| eis Avgvi †P‡q fv‡jv
gvbyl n‡Z cvi‡j Avgvi †P‡q Zuvi AwaK wcÖq n‡Z cvi‡e Zzwg|
GRb¨ cÖ_‡g GKwU kZ©c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e|Õ
ÔKx kZ©?Õ
Ôco‡Z n‡e wek¦v‡mi Kvwjgv|Õ
k¼i Kvwjgv c‡o gymwjg n‡q †M‡jv| RvjvjywÏb Zuvi bvg
w`‡jb Ave`yj Kvwì|
†m wkL‡jv Cgv‡bi bxwZgvjv| gymjgvwb Rxeb| mZ¨, mZZv
I cweÎZvi cvV| wkL‡jv †m gvbeZvi cv‡k ùvov‡bv Ges
Bmjv‡gi Rb¨ Rxeb Drm‡M©i wkÿv| Ave`yj Kvwì bZzb
Rxebv‡e‡M DÏxwcZ n‡jv| n‡q DV‡jv Av‡jvi GK Z‡jvqvi|
ivRv M‡Y‡ki cÖwZ Zuvi N„Yvi †kl †bB| KviY M‡Yk Zuv‡K
†U‡bwQ‡jv Aciv‡ai c‡¼| †m M‡o‡Q cï‡Z¡i mv¤ªvR¨| KZ
Aciva K‡i‡Q `yÕnv‡Z| Ave`yj Kvwì Gi cÖwZweavb Ki‡Z Pvb|
Kxfv‡e Zv Kiv hvq, fvewQ‡jb Ave`yj Kvwì|
GKw`b RvjvjywÏb Zuv‡K WvK‡jb| ej‡jb, Ôgymjgv‡bi
i³b`x Avi KZ eB‡e Ave`yj Kvwì?Õ
Ôcv‡ci gv_v bv KvU‡j i³‡¯ªvZ _vg‡e bv|Õ
kZvãxi wPwV ● 89
Ô†K Ki‡e KvRwU? †K n‡e D‡`¨vMx?Õ
ÔAvgv‡K AbygwZ †`‡eb?Õ
Ôhw` cv‡iv, †m n‡e gnvb| iÿv cv‡e evsjv, evsjvi
gymwjg|Õ
Ôcvi‡ev myjZvb| Avcwb ïay AbygwZ w`b|Õ
Ônu¨v, M‡Yk‡K †kl K‡i `vI| fq K‡iv bv KvD‡K| Avjøvn
†Zvgvi mv‡_ Av‡Qb|Õ
M‡Y‡ki cÖwZ ÿzä wQ‡jv eû †jvK| AmsL¨ †jvK| Ave`yj
Kvwì Ggb K‡qKRb‡K m½x Ki‡jb| AvR iv‡Z Zuvi Awfhvb
cwiPvwjZ n‡e|
gaïvZ| GKwU Qvqvg~wZ© GwM‡q Pj‡Q axicv‡q| Avkcv‡k
i‡q‡Q Zvi wKQz m½x| cÖ‡qvRb co‡jB †Kej mvg‡b Avm‡e Giv|
mevB nuvUvPjv Ki‡Q ¯^vfvweKfv‡e| cÖ‡Z¨‡KB hvi hvi KvR wb‡q
†hb e¨¯Í| Qvqvg~wZ©wU cÖ‡ek Ki‡e M‡Y‡ki K‡ÿ| cvnviv`viiv
_vgv‡jv Zv‡K| Rvb‡Z PvB‡jv cwiPq| k¼‡ii cwiPq hLb
†c‡jv, Zv‡K Avi AvUKv‡bv P‡j bv| †m M‡Y‡ki GKvšÍRb|
k¼i cÖ‡ek Ki‡jv K‡ÿ| NygšÍ M‡Y‡ki Dci nvg‡j
co‡jv| Zievwii K‡qKUv †Kv‡cB †_‡g †M‡jv k¦vm-cÖk¦vm|
Ave`yj Kvw`‡ii mv_xiv Kvey K‡i †d‡j‡Q cvnviv`vi‡ì|
M‡Y‡ki AvZ©bv` ï‡b Zviv GwM‡q Avm‡j gi‡Z n‡Zv mevB‡K|
Zviv GwM‡q Av‡mwb| GwM‡q Avm‡Z cv‡iwb| GwM‡q Avm‡Z
Pvqwb| KviY ZvivI wQ‡jv Zvi AZ¨vPv‡i RR©wiZ| ZvivI my‡hvM
LyuRwQ‡jv Zv‡K nZ¨vi|
Ave`yj Kvw`‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ gy³ n‡jb RvjvjywÏb| Zuvi Pvicv‡k
R‡ov n‡jb eû Avwgi-DwRi| Zuviv myjZvb‡K cybivq ÿgZvq
emv‡eb| wKš‘ Zvovûov wQ‡jv bv myjZv‡bi| wZwb ax‡i G¸‡jb|
M‡Y‡ki Abymvixiv myjZv‡bi †QvUfvB‡K emv‡jv ÿgZvq| myjZvb
†Kv‡bv cÖwZwµqv †`Lv‡jb bv| wKš‘ Zuvi A`ÿZv Aí mg‡qB ¯úó
n‡q †M‡jv| mn‡RB ÿgZv P‡j †M‡jv †hvM¨Z‡gi nv‡Z| 1418
kZvãxi wPwV ● 90
mv‡j evsjvi kvmK n‡jb RvjvjywÏb gynv¤§` kvn| GKvav‡i 15
eQi wZwb kvmb K‡ib evsjv|
Zuvi kvmbvgj †`‡L †h‡Z cv‡ibwb byi KzZzeyj Avjg!
Avcbvi B‡šÍKvj n‡q hvq Gi Av‡MB| Avcwb `ywbqv Z¨vM
K‡iwQ‡jb `ytLRR©i ü`q wb‡q| evsjvi mKj Kv‡jv‡gN hLb
ivwÎi †kl hv‡g G‡m †cu․‡Q‡Q, ZLb Avcwb we`vq wb‡jb| 818
wnRwii (1415 wLªóvã) 9 wRjK` cig `qvg‡qi mgx‡c GKvšÍ
bxieZvq Avcwb wPiw`‡bi Rb¨ Wz‡e hvb| K‡qK eQi a‡i w`‡bi
ci w`b †h bxieZv n‡q D‡VwQ‡jv Avcbvi Rxeb| Gi g‡a¨ wQ‡jv
Avcbvi †PZbvi Lv`¨, ü`‡qi cvbxq| bxie †gvivKvevq Avcbvi
P‡j †h‡Zv w`b-ivZ| GK †gNjv weKv‡j Avcwb a¨v‡bi †fZi
†_‡K Pviw`‡K `„wócvZ Ki‡jb| †`L‡jb we`v‡qi cvÐzwjwc iwPZ
n‡q †M‡Q| P‡j †h‡Z n‡e A‡gvN wVKvbvq|
GKwU wekvj RvnvR| Av‡jv w`‡q •Zwi Ggb RvnvR †KD
†`‡Lwb †Kv‡bv e›`‡i| Kv‡jv ivZ DwR‡q S‡oi †fZ‡i DËvj
mvM‡i RvnvR Pj‡Q| Pvi w`‡K kuv kuv Ki‡Q cÖjq| Pviw`‡K n‡b¨
n‡q Nyi‡Q nv½i-Kzwgi| S‡oi gvZvj MR©b, AÜKv‡ii Awek¦vm¨
AvjKvZiv Avi `wiqv Ry‡o Zi‡½i Db¥v`bv| Av‡jvi RvnvR
Do‡Z cvi‡Zv| wKš‘ †m mvMi †Q‡o †Kv_vI hv‡e bv| g„Zz¨Zi‡½i
g‡a¨ †m e‡q Pj‡jv Avðh© D`¨‡g| RvnvR Pjgvb Avi Zv‡Z
XzK‡Q cvwb| XzK‡Z XzK‡Z †hb †MvUv mvM‡ii cvwb Rvnv‡R RvqMv
K‡i wb‡jv| Rvnv‡Ri †fZ‡i Xz‡K co‡jv †MvUv ivZ, cvMjv
Zzdvb, gË nv½i-Kzwgi| Pviw`‡Ki Awek¦vm¨ fqvenZv myLx
†m․›`‡h© †M‡jv e`‡j| ïaygvÎ RvnvRwU Wz‡e †M‡jv †`k I RvwZi
`y‡h©vM‡K wb‡Ri ey‡K wb‡q| `ytmg‡qi mKj wel wM‡j wb‡q
bxjKÉ n‡q RvnvRwU mg‡qi wbtmxg mgy‡`ª mgvwnZ n‡jv|
`ywbqv †_‡K we`vq NU‡jv Avcbvi| welv‡ì Kv‡jv Kvd‡b
†X‡K †M‡jv evsjv| Pviw`‡K †e`bvi fvlvnxb wPrKvi| Avcbvi
kZvãxi wPwV ● 91
we`v‡q evsjv Abyfe Ki‡jv †f‡O †M‡Q ey‡Ki cuvRi! RvwZi
ü`wc‡Ði †kl ¯ú›`b †_‡g †M‡jv!
wKš‘ Zv nqwb| g„Zzï Av‡M Avcbvi mvabv bZzb Rxeb‡¯ªvZ
w`‡q‡Q RvwZi Rxe‡b| •Zwi K‡i‡Q cÄ‡ii my`„p nvo| Avcbvi
we`v‡qi k~b¨¯’v‡b †`Lv †M‡jv AvcbviB mvabvdmj| Avcbvi
wPšÍv I Av`‡k©i mšÍvb RvjvjywÏb Avcb kvmbvgj‡K D¾¡j
Ki‡jb AvcbviB R¡vjv‡bv Av‡jv‡Z| b¨vqwePvi, mykvmb,
RbKj¨vY I ag©‡mevq wb‡q Av‡mb behyM| wek¦gq Qwo‡q †`b
evsjvi mybvg| wgm‡ii Lwjdv Avj-Avkivd evimev Zuv‡K
AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib LwjdvZzjøvn Dcvwa‡Z, Avcb `~Z my‡nj I
qviMv‡ei gva¨‡g Zuvi D‡Ï‡k¨ cvVvb ivR‡cvkvK| evM`v‡ì
myjZvb Zuv‡K cvVvb eÜz‡Z¡i evZ©v| Zvi mykvm‡bi myev‡m nb
cÖxZ| evsjvi mv‡_ ¯’vcb K‡ib we‡kl †hvMv‡hvM| cvi‡mï
myjZvb kvniæL Zuvi cÖwZ cvVvb ï‡f”Qv I Dcnvi| Px‡bi m¤ªvU
qysjy evsjvi DbœwZ Kvgbv K‡i cvVvb ï‡f”Qv`~Z| myjZvb
RvjvjywÏb ¯^D‡`¨v‡M Zuv‡ì mv‡_ ¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb K~U‣bwZK I
A_©‣bwZK eÜb| †`‡k wZwb cÖwZôv K‡ib Kj¨vY I Dbœq‡bi
beaviv| wewfbœ HwZnvwm‡Ki Revwb‡Z kÖx my‡Lvgq gy‡Lvcva¨vq
wj‡Lb, Ôgymjgvb HwZnvwmKiv kvmK wn‡m‡e RvjvjywÏ‡bi
D”Q¡wmZ cÖksmv K‡i‡Qb| wdwikZv e‡j‡Qb, wZwb b¨vqcivqYZvi
m‡½ kvmb K‡i †m hy‡Mi bI‡k‡ivqv n‡qwQ‡jb| Ac~e© `„pZv I
kw³i m‡½ 17 eQi a‡i evsjv I jvL‡b․wZ kvmb Kivi c‡i wZwb
ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib| eLwk wbRvgywÏb ZeKvZ-B AvKewi‡Z
e‡j‡Qb, wZwb †hvM¨fv‡e kvmbKvh© msµvšÍ e¨vcvi cwiPvjbv
Ki‡Zb| Zuvi ivR‡Z¡i g‡a¨ †jv‡Kiv Avivg I ¯^v”Q‡›`ï ga¨
w`‡q w`b KvUv‡Zv| Kw_Z Av‡Q, Zuvi mg‡q cvÐzqv GZ RbvKxY©
n‡qwQ‡jv †h Zv eY©bvi AZxZ| ...Õ
evsjvi GB beRxe‡bi wkivZš¿x‡Z wQ‡jv Avcbvi i³-
¯ú›`b| GB †`k, GB RvwZ eû kZvãxi weeZ©‡b AvR †h
kZvãxi wPwV ● 92
RvqMvq G‡m ùvwo‡q‡Q, Avcbvi Z¨vM, mvabv Ges AkÖæ I
i³¯œvZ wmuwo¸‡jv bv _vK‡j evsjvi BwZnvm AvR‡Ki RvqMvq
G‡m ùvov‡Zv? evsjv jxb n‡q †h‡Zv Ab¨ GK cwiPq I
BwZnvmavivq| †hgb jxb n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jv D›`yjywmqv| 1492
mv‡ji civR‡qi c‡i dvwW©b¨vÛ-Bmv‡ejv‡ì Drcxo‡bi
avivevwnKZvq µ‡g µ‡g nvwi‡q hvq gymwjg RvwZmËv| evsjvq
1410-1414 I 1416-1418-Gi gnvwech©‡qi c‡i wU‡K _vK‡jv
gymwjg RvwZmËv, Ny‡i ùvwo‡q iPbv Ki‡jv beRxe‡bi aviv| eû
DÌvb-cZ‡bi c‡i hvi †kl gv_vq ùvwo‡q Av‡Q AvR‡Ki
evsjv‡`k| gymwjg-wn›`y-†e․×-wLªóvbmn mevi m¤úªxwZ I
†m․nv‡`©ï GB evsjv‡`k! Avcwb †Zv m¤úªxwZ, gvbeZv I
†m․nv‡`©ïB evZ©vevnx wQ‡jb| M‡Yk PvB‡Zv evsjv n‡e Awn›`ygy³|
Avcwb PvB‡Zb evsjv n‡e me evOvwji|
gymwjg RvwZmËv D‡”Q‡ì †h cÖKí, Gi cÖwZ‡iv‡a Avcbvi
ivóª‣bwZK f~wgKvi Zzjbv Avi †Kv_vq? W. gyn¤§` Gbvgyj nK
wVKB wj‡L‡Qb, ÔZvnvi ivóª‣bwZK Kjv‡K․k‡j †mBevi evsjvi
gymjgvb †hiƒc Avðh©fv‡e iÿv cvBqvwQ‡jb, Zvnvi Zzjbv evsjvi
gymwjg BwZnv‡m †Zv bvB-B, fviZxq gymwjg BwZnv‡mI
AwZweij| G w`K nB‡Z wePvi Kwi‡Z nB‡j ¯úóB †`Lv hvq,
evsjvi eZ©gvb gymwjg mgvR ¯^bvgab¨ nRiZ byi KzZzeyj Avj‡gi
wbKU †Kgb Acwi‡kva¨ FYRv‡j RwoZ| †Kej ¯âg© I ¯^RvwZ‡K
iÿv Kwievi Rb¨ wZwb ¯^xq Acgv‡bi K_v we¯§„Z nBqvwQ‡jb; A_©
I weË, cwiPviK I AbyPieM©‡K `myë„wËcivqY ivRv M‡Y‡ki
†Kvcvbj †e`xZ‡j wemR©b w`qvwQ‡jb, GgbwK ¯^xq cÖvYvwaK cyÎ
kvqL AvbIqvi‡K ch©šÍ DrmM© KwiqvwQ‡jb|Õ
kZvãxi wPwV ● 93
†Z‡iv
Avcbvi Ava¨vwZ¥K mv¤ªvR¨‡K †kl K‡i w`‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jv M‡Yk|
jyß nqwb †m mv¤ªvR¨| _v‡gwb †mB Kj¨vYxaviv| Avcbvi
B‡šÍKv‡ji ci Zv cwiPvwjZ nq †hvM¨ mšÍvb †kL widvZzwÏb I
bvwZ †kL Rvwn` cÖgy‡Li avivevwnK ZË¡veav‡b| Avcbvi wkÿv I
cÖwkÿ‡Y •Zwi nb Zuviv| iæwP, wkÿv I Pwi‡Î AvcbviB cÖwZ”Qwe
n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb G‡KKRb|
Avcbvi cÖavb Lwjdv wQ‡jb †kL ûmvgywÏb gvwbKcywi|
e³…Zv I †jLbxi gva¨‡g wZwb gnxqvb Rxeb‡eva Qov‡Z _v‡Kb
Pviw`‡K| Zuvi iwPZ Avwbmyj Avwiwdb MÖš’ ZË¡Áv‡bi GKwU
AvKiMÖš’| Zuvi cvÐzwjwc iwdKzj Avwiwdb GLbI AcÖKvwkZ| Zuvi
kvM‡i` I Lwjdviv AveviI Qov‡Z _v‡Kb ü`qe„wËi myevZvm|
wewfbœ RvqMvq beRxeb †c‡Z _v‡K gvìvmv, gmwR`, LvbKv-
†mev‡K›`ª| Avcbvi †`․wnÎMY Av‡jvwKZ nb gvwbKcywii
Ava¨vwZ¥K cwiPh©vq| KvUiv gvwbKcy‡i wZwb AwaKvsk mgq
KvUv‡jI cvÐzqv wQ‡jv Zuvi giKR| Avcbvi bvwZ †kL AvRgj,
†kL AvKgj cÖgyL‡K wZwb Ávb I Ava¨vwZ¥KZv Ges gvbweK-
¸YKjvq K‡i †Zv‡jb cÖ`xß| evsjvi me©Î e¨vcK D`¨‡g Zuviv
Qwo‡q †`b Bmjv‡gi RxebevYx| ïw× I Kj¨v‡Yi Kg©‡¯ªvZ|
bZzb K‡i cvÐzqv n‡q I‡V fvi‡Zi Ab¨Zg Ávb I
mvabv‡K›`ª| gvwbKcywii Lwjdviv M‡o †Zv‡jb eûwea Kg©aviv|
Zuvi GK Lwjdv kvgmywÏb Zv‡ni| whwb AvRwgi kwi‡d M‡o
†Zv‡jb †R¨vwZi bexb gvnwdj| GK Lwjdv kvn Kvdz jvû‡ii
wjÛvevRvi †_‡K cwiPvjbv K‡ib wekvj Kg©aviv| †gvMj Avg‡ji
†kl cÖni Aewa jv‡nvi wQ‡jv jÿ gvby‡li ü`‡qi ivRavbx|
AvRI jv‡nvi cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ava¨vwZ¥KZvi cÖavb †K›`ª| Av‡iK
kZvãxi wPwV ● 94
Lwjdv gvL`yg AvZvDjøvn KzPwenv‡i Ávb I Ava¨vwZ¥KZvi cÖavb
cyiæl n‡q I‡Vb|
gvwbKcywii GK Lwjdv wQ‡jb †kL ivwR nvwg` kvn| Zuvi
Lwjdv wQ‡jb †kL nvmvb Zv‡ni •Rbcywi| Zuvi es‡ki GK cÖ`xc
n‡jb kvn Ave`yi iwng gynvwÏ‡m †`njwf (Ave`yi iwng †`njwfi
gv wQ‡jb byi KzZzeyj Avj‡gi bvZwb|)| Zuvi gnvb cyÎ kvn
IqvwjDjøvn gynvwÏ‡m †`njwf in. fviZe‡l© Bmjv‡gi GK Abb¨
Dcnvi| nvw`m, Zvdwmi I eyw×e„wËK m~‡Î fviZe‡l©i cÖavb
cÖwZwU `xwb wmjwmjv Zuvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z nevi `vwe DÌvcb K‡i|
m¤úK©m~‡Îi cÖPvi K‡i wb‡R‡ì h_v_©Zv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨| wZwb
mevi Bgvg, Bgvgyj wn›`!
Avcbvi eskaviv †kl n‡jv bv M‡Y‡ki nv‡Z| GB eske„ÿ
n‡q DV‡jv evsjvi †M․ie| evsjvi gvby‡li Avkv I mvn‡mi
cÖZxK| Avcbvi `yB cyÎ wQ‡jb fviZweL¨vZ| †kL AvdKvn ev
widvZzwÏb Ges †kL AvbIqvi kwn`| †kL AvbIqvi kwn‡ì `yB
cyÎ †kL AvRgj I †kL AvKgj| Aciw`‡K †kL AvdKvnÕi cyÎ
†kL Rvwn` (1455 Cmvwq‡Z B‡šÍKvj K‡ib)| Zuvi `k cyÎ
h_vµ‡g †kL mywd, †kL cxi †gvqvjøv (Zuvi wQ‡jb `yB cyÎ| wKš‘
KzZzecwiev‡i Zuvi kvLvwU †kl ch©šÍ Aejyß n‡q hvq), †kL
Avkivd, †kL ì‡ek, †kL Kj›ì, †kL Avng`, †kL MvDm
(1493 Cmvwq‡Z RxweZ| †gvRvddi kv‡ni wjwc `ªóe¨), †kL
KzZze, †kL AvIZv` Ges †kL Ave`vj ( †kL Ave`v‡ji GK cyÎ
wQ‡jb †kL Lwjjyi ingvb bv‡g| wKš‘ cwiev‡ii GB kvLvwUI †kl
ch©šÍ wejyß n‡q hvq)|
†kL Avkiv‡di wQ‡jb Pvi mšÍvb| Zuviv n‡jb †kL kwid,
†kL evnvDwÏb, †kL †gvkviid (Ii‡d †kL ivRv ev †iRv) I
†kL Kwei| Zb¥‡a¨ †kL †gvkvii‡di cyÎ †kL Avng`, Zuvi cyÎ
†kL gvngy`, Zuvi cyÎ †kL wbRvgywÏb, Zuvi cyÎ †kL kivdzwÏb
kZvãxi wPwV ● 95
(1648 Cmvwq‡Z RxweZÑmb`), Zuvi cyÎ †kL nvwg`ywÏb, Zuvi cyÎ
†kL Kwei (1648 Cmvwq‡Z RxweZÑmb`)|
†kL Kwe‡ii wZb cyÎ| h_vµ‡g †kL byiæwÏb, †kL ìMvwn I
†kL KzZzeywÏb| †kL KzZzeywÏ‡bi mšÍvb †kL eìæwÏb| Zuvi †R¨ô
cyÎ †kL KgiæwÏ‡bi `yB cyÎ| †kL bvRgywÏb I †kL kvgmywÏb|
Kwbô cyÎ wewb bvbwn ev •mq` kvn Pv›` wQ‡jb ea©gv‡bi GKjvLxi
gvnIqvwj (Puv` ì‡ek)| wewb bvbwni cyÎ •mq` kvn †Mvjvg
†nv‡mb (1810 Cmvwqi c~‡e© gviv hvb), Kb¨v wewe •mq`-Db-
wbmv| Zuvi cyÎ •mq` kvn †Mvjvg bRd, `vwLj`vi (ivR¯^`vZv),
Zuvi `yB cyÎ kvn digvb Avwj I kvn d‡Zn Avwj| kvn digvb
Avwji Kb¨v nvweeyb wbmv,Zvi mšÍvb wewe mvwR`yb wbmvi we‡q nq
euvKzovi †P․ayix †gvIqvnwn`yi ingv‡bi mv‡_| Zuv‡ì cyÎ †P․ayix
gygvRRv`yi ingvb| Zuvi Kb¨v wewe kvgQzb bvnvi (Gg Avwe`
Avwj Lvb gvnj`wn 1987 mv‡j Rvbvb, wZwb †eu‡P Av‡Qb|
weL¨vZ Ô†g‡gvwiR Ae †M․o A¨vÛ cvÐzqvÕq wZwb Zuvi RxweZ
_vKvi Z_¨ D‡jøL K‡ib)| kvgmyb bvnv‡ii ¯^vgx Wvt gynv¤§`
wmwÏK (KwjKvZv)| GB `¤úwZi Pvi cyÎ h_vµ‡g •mq` AvmMi,
•mq` kvgmyi ingvb, (Z…Zxq cy‡Îi bvg Rvbv hvqwb) Ges •mq`
eìæ¾vgvb Avng` (g„Z)|
Avcbvi eske„ÿ AvRI †`vj Lvq Ávb, cÖÁv, mZZv I
Ava¨vwZ¥KZvi evZv‡m|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 96
†P․Ï
g„Zz¨ Avcbv‡K †K‡o wb‡Z cvi‡jv bv evsjvi Rxeb I mgvR

†_‡K| gvbyl Avcbv‡K Avwe®‥vi Ki‡Z jvM‡jv bZzb K‡i| Zviv
evi evi Av‡jvi Rb¨ wd‡i †h‡Z _vK‡jv Avcbvi Rxe‡bi Kv‡Q|
†h Rxeb bwewR mvjøvjøvû Avjvqwn Iqv mvjøv‡gi mybœv‡ni GK ¯^”Q
Avqbv|
Ava¨vwZ¥K cÖwkÿ‡Yi cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qB Avcwb mÿg
n‡qwQ‡jb e¨w³MZ †jvf-jvjmv cÖwZwnsmv civqYZv, D”Pvwfjvl
BZ¨vw` gvbweK `ye©jZv R‡q| Avcwb wQ‡jb cv_iKwVb bxwZevb
Avevi †Mvjvc†Kvgj mnR gvbyl| bv wQ‡jb mb¨vmx, bv ÿgZv I
A_©KvZi| bv wQ‡jb †jvKiÄ‡b Drmvnx, bv mgvRwegyL wbR©b| bv
wQ‡jb kvmK‡ì cÖwZ AbvMÖnx, bv Zuv‡ì cÖwZ †bwZ‡q cov| bv
wQ‡jb AivR‣bwZK mvaK, bv ivR‣bwZK †bZv| bv wQ‡jb
kv¯¿wegyL mywd, bv kv¯¿kKzb| cweÎ KziAvb I nvw`m †_‡K
mivmwi `jxj cÖgvY msMÖn I we‡kølY Kivi g‡Zv †hvM¨ wQ‡jb
Avcwb, mv‡_ mv‡_ cvw_©e wel‡q wQ‡jv Mfxi wkÿv I AwfÁvb|
mgvR Ges mgv‡Ri gvby‡li `ytL-`y`©kv I mgm¨vewj m¤ú©‡K
AewnZ wQ‡jb Avcwb| wQ‡jv mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †hvM¨Zv I
gvbwmKZv| LvbKv I gvìvmv †Q‡o †Kv_vI w¯’Z nbwb Avcwb,
wKš‘ cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq †h-†Kv‡bv mvgvwRK, A_©‣bwZK Ges
ivR‣bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡b RvZxq ivRbxwZi nvj a‡i me ai‡bi
Z¨vM ¯^xKv‡ii wkÿv w`‡q‡Qb Avcwb| `ywbqvi cÖwZ Abvm³
wQ‡jb, Avevi we‡q K‡i‡Qb, mvwR‡q‡Qb msmvi| kvmK‡ìI
kvmb K‡i‡Qb Avevi KvwqK cwikÖ‡gi gva¨‡g AwZkq mvaviY
Rxeb hvcb K‡i‡Qb|
kZvãxi wPwV ● 97
Avcwb Avwg‡ii cwi‡e‡k Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| dwK‡ii Rxeb
wb‡Ri Rb¨ †e‡Q †bb| eo n‡q‡Qb Avwgi‡ì wf‡o, wKš‘ Avwgwi
cwi‡ek‡K K‡i‡Qb N„Yv| ivRv-Rwg`viiv Avcbvi †mevq wQ‡jv
wb‡ew`Z Avi Avcwb †mev K‡i‡Qb dwKi-wgmwKb‡ì| †h
M‡Y‡ki nv‡Z DRvo n‡q‡Q Avcbvi mvRv‡bv evMvb, †m M‡Yk‡K
ÿgv K‡i‡Qb Bmjv‡gi k‡Z©| cÖwZ‡kva¯ú„nvi e`‡j Kj¨vY¯ú„nv
wQ‡jv Avcbv‡Z| d‡j kwK©i nv‡Z M‡Yk-iv‡Rï wbwðZ civRq I
aŸs‡m Avcwb nb AbvMÖnx| Avcbvi cyÎ †kL AvbIqvi‡K kwn`
Ki‡e †h M‡Yk, Zvi cyÎ‡KB Avcwb mm¤§v‡b AwawôZ Ki‡jb
wmsnvm‡b|
ivR¨ cwiPvjbv Kivi g‡Zv `ÿZv I †hvM¨Zvi Afve wQj bv
Avcbv‡Z| M‡Y‡ki AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi ci B”Qv Ki‡jB wb‡R ev
wb‡Ri GKRb‡K ÿgZvq emv‡Z cvi‡Zb| Avcbvi wQ‡jv AMwYZ
gywi`, ivR‣bwZK cwi‡ek wQj cy‡iv AbyK~‡j| wKš‘ wb‡R ev
wb‡Ri cvw_©e myweavcÖZ¨vkv ej‡Z wKQzB wQ‡jv bv Avcbvi
Awfav‡b| RvwZ I a‡g©i myweavUvB wQ‡jv Avcbvi g~j PvIqv,
GKgvÎ jÿ¨| Av‡eM Avcbv‡K cwiPvjbv Ki‡Zv bv| Avcwb
PvwjZ n‡Zb Avjøvni Av‡jvq, †h Av‡jv AšÍ`©„wó I `~iwePv‡ii
cÖÁvq Avcbv‡K Ki‡Zv c_wb‡`©k| †h ivRv‡K RvZxq cÖ‡qvR‡b
Avgš¿Y K‡i G‡bwQ‡jb, †m ivRv‡K GKB cÖ‡qvR‡b wdwi‡q
w`‡jb, hwÌ Zv‡Z Zuvi mv‡_ •Zwi n‡jv `~iZ¡|
Avjøvni LuvwU Iwj wn‡m‡e Avcwb KvivgZ ev A‡j․wKK kw³i
AwaKvix wQ‡jb| wKš‘ Zvi eënvi PvB‡Zb bv, Kvgbv Ki‡Zb bv
Zvi ewntcÖKvk| Avcbvi m¤ú‡K© fviZweL¨vZ mvaK-Av‡jg
Ave`yj nK gynvwÏ‡m †`njwf Zuvi ÔAvLeviæj AvLBqviÕ-G hv
wj‡L‡Qb, Zv Avcbv‡KB gvbvq| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb, Ôiv¯Ív w`‡q Pjvi
mgq eû †jvK Zuvi m¤§vbv‡_© Zuvi AbymiY Ki‡Zb| Avevi A‡b‡K
Zuvi c`Pz¤^b Ki‡Zb| GK dwKi Zuv‡K AK_¨ fvlvq MvwjMvjvR
kZvãxi wPwV ● 98
Ki‡Z _v‡K, wKš‘ wZwb Zvi cÖwZ m`vPiY K‡ib Ges dwKi‡K
UvKv-cqmv w`‡q we`vq K‡ib| ...Õ
Ô... †kL byiæj nK in.Ñwhwb byi KzZzeyj Avjg bv‡g
L¨vZÑ†kL AvjvIj n‡Ki cyÎ I gywi` wQ‡jb| wZwb fviZe‡l©i
GKRb weL¨vZ IwjAvjøvn wQ‡jb| †cÖ‡g AwØZxq wQ‡jb, †Kivg‡Z
AmvaviY wQ‡jb, Drmvn-DÏxcbvq wQ‡jb cÖLi, Ava¨vwZ¥KZvq
wQ‡jb cvi`kx©| ...Õ
`yB c„ôve¨vcx wZwb eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Avcbvi Dc‡`k I
mvabve„ËvšÍ| wZwb Rvwb‡q‡Qb, ÔKzZzeyj Avj‡gi wcZv AvjvIj
nK Avcb gywk©‡ì weivU †L`gZ AvÄvg w`‡qwQ‡jb| wZwbI GB
Kv‡R Avcb wcZv †_‡K cðvrc` wQ‡jb bv| wZwb ¯^xq wcZvi
LvbKvq mKj ì‡e‡ki †L`gZ Ki‡Zb| Zuv‡ì Kvco ay‡q
w`‡Zb| Zuv‡ì cvwb Mig K‡i w`‡Zb| †KD Amy¯’-†ivMvµvšÍ n‡j
GKRb †¯œngqx gv‡qi b¨vq Zvi mKj †L`gZ Ki‡Zb| AvU eQi
hveZ wZwb LvbKvi Rb¨ KvV Kv‡Ub|
GKw`b ¯^xq wcZv Zuv‡K ej‡jb, Ô†n byiæj nK|
†g‡q‡jv‡Kiv K‚‡ci †h ¯’vb w`‡q cvwb Zz‡j _v‡K, †m ¯’vbwU AZxe
wcw”Qj n‡q †M‡Q| Zv‡Z cv wcQ‡j c‡o wM‡q evmb-†Kvmb †f‡O
hvq| Zzwg gv_vq enb K‡i Zv‡ì Rb¨ Kzqv (K‚c) †_‡K cvwb
DwV‡q w`‡qv|Õ
Pvi eQi hveZ byi KzZeyj Avjg G KvR AvÄvg †`b| wZwb
K‚c †_‡K cvwb DwV‡q †P․ev”Pvq †i‡L w`‡Zb| †mLvb †_‡K hvi hv
cÖ‡qvRb Zv wb‡q wbZ| Zuvi eo fvB ivóªxq gš¿x wQ‡jb| wZwb Zuvi
GB Ae¯’v †`‡L `ytwLZ nb Ges Zuv‡K Zuvi wbKU P‡j hvIqvi
AvnŸvb K‡ib| wKš‘ wZwb Zv †n‡m Dwo‡q †`b Ges GB e‡jb,
ÔLvbKvi gvby‡li †L`gZ Kiv iv‡óªi gwš¿Z¡ n‡ZI Avgvi Kv‡Q
AwZDËg|ÕÕÕ
Avcbvi Lwjdv †kL †nvmvgywÏb gvwbKcywi in.-Gi DØ„wZ
w`‡q Ave`yj nK gynvwÏ‡m †`njwf wj‡Lb, ÔGKw`b byi †Kv_vI
kZvãxi wPwV ● 99
mIqvi-†e‡k hvÎv K‡ib| cw_g‡a¨ AmsL¨ †jvK iv¯Ívi `yÕcv‡k
Zuvi w``v‡ii Rb¨ `Ðvqgvb wQj| gvby‡li wf‡oi Pv‡c Zuvi
msÁvnxb Ae¯’v n‡jv| ZLb wkl¨ †kL †nvmvgywÏb mvg‡b AMÖmi
n‡q Zuvi Ae¯’v wR‡Ám Ki‡jb| wZwb DË‡i ej‡Z ïiæ Ki‡jb,
A`¨ AvjøvncvK Avgvi †L`g‡Z G‡Zv AwaK †jvK nvwRi K‡i‡Qb
hviv Avgv‡K Avgvi cvIbv †_‡KI AwaK m¤§vb cÖ`k©b K‡i‡Q|
AvMvgxKvj Kx n‡e Rvwb bv| wKqvg‡Zi w`b Avgvi Kx Ae¯’v
n‡e? Avjøvn †hb Avgv‡K Zv‡ì mvg‡b †kl wePv‡i kiwg›`v bv
K‡ib|Õ
Ô†Kv‡bv GK e¨w³ g°v †gvqv¾gv †_‡K AvMgb Ki‡jb|
ej‡jb, ÒAvwg Avcbvi mv‡_ g°v kwi‡d mvÿvZ K‡iwQjvg|Ó
wZwb ej‡jb, ÒAvwg †Zv Ni †_‡KI †ei nBwb| gvby‡li
AvK…wZ‡Z gvbyl nq; nq‡Zv-ev Avcbvi fzj n‡q _vK‡e|Ó wZwb
hLb evievi Zvi K_v ej‡Z jvM‡jb, ZLb Zuv‡K wKQz nvw`qv
w`‡q we`vq K‡ib| AZtci †jvK‡ì ej‡jb, Ò†hb Zviv GB
ai‡bi K_v e‡j bv †eovq|ÓÕ
†kL †nvmvgywÏb‡K DØ„Z K‡i Ave`yj nK †`njwf in. Rvbvb,
Ôbyi KzZeyj Avjg fxlY kxZ e¨ZxZ †Zgb Rvgv ci‡Zb bv|
KL‡bv div‡ki Dci em‡Zb bv| wZwb ej‡Zb, H e¨w³iB
div‡ki Dci emvi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q, †h e¨w³ div‡ki Dci
Dc‡ekb K‡i Wv‡b-euv‡q bv †`‡L| we`vqKv‡j wZwb `vbkxjZvi
†ÿ‡Î nb m~‡h©i b¨vq Avi b¤ªZvi †ÿ‡Î nb cvwbi b¨vq| •a‡h©i
†ÿ‡Î m¤ú~Y© Rwgi gvwUZzj¨| †h gvwU gvby‡li mKj AZ¨vPvi mn¨
K‡i| wZwb †kL †nvmvgywÏb‡K bwmnZ K‡ib, ÒDËg cyiæl †mB,
hvi gv‡S `„k¨-A`„‡kï Ávb I cwiïw×i mgš^q N‡U|ÓÕ
kZvãxi wPwV ● 100

c‡b‡iv
Avcbvi MÖš’vewj cÖPvi Ki‡Q Avcbvi Ávb I cÖÁv‡K| Avcbvi
fvlv‣kjx wQ‡jv Rv`ygq, e³e¨ wQ‡jv Zzjbvnxb|
121 Lvbv MÖš’ wj‡LwQ‡jb Avcwb| gvIjvbv †nvmvgywÏb
gvwbKcywi GB MÖš’vewji m¤úv`bv K‡ib| AwaKvsk †jLvB
Avcbvi cyÎ †kL dRjyjøvn KvwR kv‡ni bv‡g| GKvšÍB mij,
mnR, wbôvevb mvaK wQ‡jb dRjyjøvn| e¯‘KvZi AwfRvZ I
kvmK‡ì mv‡_ m¤ú‡K©i g‡a¨ †h K~wUjZv, †m wel‡q mZK© Kivi
Rb¨ GKevi Zuv‡K kvw¯Í †`b Avcwb| A_P wZwb wQ‡jb e¯‘MZ
wel‡q wbwe©Kvi| †Kv‡bv w`‡K bv ZvwK‡q Avcbvi GKvšÍ mnKvix
wn‡m‡e KvwU‡q †`b †MvUv †h․eb| Zuv‡K m‡¤^vab K‡i wj‡LwQ‡jb
AwaKvsk eB| bvwZ-bvZwb I wkl¨‡ì bv‡gI wj‡LwQ‡jb wKQz
eB|
Avcbvi MÖš’ ÔgywMmyj dzKvivÕ I ÔAvwbmyj ¸ivevÕ evsjvq
mywdev‡ì DrcwË I µgweKv‡ki cÖavb `wjj| ÔgywMmyj dzKvivÕ
wj‡LwQ‡jb gywi`‡ì Ava¨vwZ¥K wkÿv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨| wkl¨‡ì Rb¨
LvbKvq cÖv_wgK †h wb‡`©kbv †`qv n‡Zv, Zvi GKwU iƒc GLv‡b
web¨¯Í| mKvj †_‡K gaïv‡Zi Kg©m~wP wj‡L w`‡q‡Qb mwe¯Ív‡i|
diR bvgv‡Ri c‡i bdj ev ewa©Z bvgvRmg~n KLb Kxfv‡e Av`vq
Ki‡Z n‡e? wKfv‡e Av`vq Ki‡e wRwKi-IwRdv? Ava¨vwZ¥K
mvabaviv wPkwZqv ZwiKvq Kxfv‡e GwM‡q hv‡e mywdmvaK?
BZ¨vw` Av‡jvPbv i‡q‡Q ÔgywMmyj dzKvivÕ MÖ‡š’| Avjøvni
fv‡jvevmv, cv‡ci Rb¨ Aby‡kvPbv, e¯‘wegyLZv, `vwi`ª, AvZ¥c~Rv
I AvZ¥Zzwó, †Lv`vi ¯§iY, cvw_©eZv cÖZ¨vLvb, Bmjvwg
Rxebev‡ì Zvrc©h BZ¨vw` ¸iæZ¡en Av‡jvPbv i‡q‡Q G MÖ‡š’|
†gvU 29wU Aa¨vq (dvmj) Av‡Q eBwU‡Z, cÖ_g 14wU Aa¨vq
Bev`Z welqK| evwK Aa¨vq¸‡jvq mywdmvabvi Riæwi c_wb‡`©k I
ZË¡Áv‡b mg„×| G MÖ‡š’i GKwU cvÐzwjwc Av‡Q fvMjcy‡ii
(wenvi) Lwjdvev‡M GKwU cÖvB‡fU jvB‡eªwi‡Z, hvi bvg
ÔKzZyeLvbv-B-kvn `vgvwiqvevevÕ| Av‡iKwU Am¤ú~Y© Kwc Av‡Q
(Qq Aa¨vq msKwjZ) GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU Ae †e½j (KjKvZv)
jvB‡eªwi‡Z (msMÖn bs 466)| ÔAvwbmyj ¸ivevÕ MÖš’wU‡Z mywdev‡ì
†g․wjK welqvw` QvovI cÖwkÿYavivi eY©bv i‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’i
`yÕLvwb cvÐzwjwc GwkqvwU‡K †mvmvBwU Ae †e½j jvB‡eªwi‡Z
(KjKvZv) msiwÿZ Av‡Q (msMÖn bs 1212 I 1213)|
Avcbvi GKwU cÎ MÖš’bv K‡i‡Qb kvn Ave`yj nK gynvwÏ‡m
†`njwf| AvLeviæj AvLBqvi MÖ‡š’ †m cÎ ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q
Avcbvi cÎmvwn‡Zï HwZn¨| Avcbvi cÎvewji msMÖn eskai I
wkl¨‡ì Øviv msiwÿZ n‡q AvmwQ‡jv nv‡Z nv‡Z| ÔgvKZzevZ-B-
byiÑKzZzeyj AvjgÕ bv‡g AcÖKvwkZ G cvÐzwjwc‡Z wQ‡jv †ZiLvbv
cÎ| wPwV¸‡jv c‡o Av‡Q bqv w`wjøi BwÛqvb AvK©vB‡f|
AK…ZÁ I `vwqZ¡nxb †h Avgiv Avcbvi bvgwUI wb‡Z Rvwb
bv, fz‡j †MwQ Ges RvwZ‡K fzwj‡q w`‡qwQ eû Av‡MB, †h Avgiv
Avcbvi †Kv‡bv ¯§„wZ I mvabv‡K cvwiwb a‡i ivL‡Z, Avcbvi
wkÿv I BwZnvm‡K Kei w`‡q Ke‡ii Dci M‡owQ hvi hvi
myweavM„n, †h Avgiv Avcbvi mvabv, msMÖvg I HwZn¨‡K ÔbvBÕ
K‡i †`qvi g‡a¨ cvw”Q AvZ¥myL, †h Avgiv Avcbvi †mev,
gvbe‡cÖg, AvZ¥Z¨vM I gvnv‡Z¥i Hk¦h©‡K we¯§„wZ I D‡cÿvi
wZwg‡i Zwj‡q †i‡LwQ, †mB Avgiv Avcbvi iPbvewji cÖwZ
AwePvi KiwQ, G Aciv‡ai Rb¨ Avjv`vfv‡e ÿgv †P‡q Avcbvi
†M․ie‡K weeªZ KiwQ bv!
†n evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvPxb mËve„‡ÿi myiÿvKvix, †n RvwZmËvi
beAw¯Í‡Z¡i wbg©vZv, †n Bmjv‡gi gnvb gyRvwÏ`, eû kZvãxi
Icvi †_‡K Avcbvi Kv‡ji `y‡h©v‡Mi mgjÿ¨x wKš‘ begvwÎK, m~²
I eûiƒcx †g‡N Av”Qbœ GK AvKv‡ki wb‡P ùvwo‡q Avcbv‡K mvjvg
Rvbvw”Q|

MÖš’cwÄ
Ave`yj nK †`njwf : AvLeviæj AvLBqvi wd Avmivwij Aveivi,
D`©y Abyev`, KivwP, 1963
†Mvjvg ivmyj mwjg : wmqviæj gyZvAvLwLwib : e½vbyev`, XvKv,
1985
kÖx myLgq gy‡Lvcva¨vq : evsjvi BwZnv‡mi `yÕ‡kv eQi : ¯^vaxb
myjZvbx Avgj :Z…Zxq ms¯‥iY 1980
W. cÖ‡dmi kvqL BKivg : Av‡e KvImvi, jv‡nvi, 1988
Gg Avwe` Avwj Lvb gvj`wn : †g‡gvwiR Ae †M․o A¨vÛ cvÐzqv,
1938, KjKvZv
gynv¤§` Lywk mvËvwi : ¸jRvi-B Aveivi, AvwjMo gymwjg
wek¦we`¨vjq, fviZ, 1979
W. Gg G iwng : evsjvi mvgvwRK I mvs¯‥…wZK BwZnvm; Abyev` :
gynv¤§` Avmv`y¾vgvb, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, 1982
W. gyn¤§` Gbvgyj nK : e‡½ mydx cÖfve, KjKvZv, 1935
gymv Avj nvwdR : Avwg weR‡qi mšÍvb, Bg‡c± cvewj‡KkÝ,
XvKv, 2008
W. Ave`yi Kwig : evsjvi BwZnvm, myjZvwb Avgj, evsjv
GKv‡Wwg, 1977
ingvb Avwj : ZvR‡Kiv‡q Djvgv-B wn›`, †j․ÿè, 1994
gynv¤§` mMxi DÏwb wgqv : mswÿß Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl, XvKv, 1991
W. G‡KGg b~iæj Avjg I W. gynv¤§` AvdvR DÏxb : b~i KzZeyj
Avjg (i.), BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb cwÎKv, XvKv, 2001

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kZvãxi wPwV

gymv Avj nvwdR

KviY Avgvi Kv‡Q, G eB Ab¨ `kwU eB‡qi g‡Zv wbQK †Kv‡bv

GZGe Avgiv eBwUi cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ bv w`‡q cvwi bv| m…wókxj

gzmv Avj nvwd‡Ri eB Avgv‡`i Rb¨ mg…w×i evZ©v enb K‡i|

G K_v mZ¨ †h, BwZnvm e`jv‡bv hvq bv| Zvn‡j GKwU eB

HwZnvwmK gzmv Avj nvwdR evsjv‡`‡k gzmwjg RvwZmËvi

G msK‡Ui †gvKv‡ejvq fzwgKv †i‡LwQ‡jb gzmwjg eû gbxlx|

me wKQzi †K‡›`Ö bzi KzZzezj Avjg| wZwb Ggb GK gzRvwÏ`,

Zvi mgqUv wQ‡jv LzeB fqven| ZLb RvwZMZfv‡e ZLb

eBwU m¤ú‡K© L¨vwZgvb M‡elK cÖ‡dmi W. wiRvDj Bmjv‡gi

dR‡j Gjvnx gvgzb

evOvwji †mB ¯^Y©hy‡Mi †kÖô cy‡ivav wQ‡jb Avcbvi ev‡j¨i eÜy

Ô†Mvjvc mvie jvjvi K_v Pj‡Q mvwK n‡iK cÖKvi

fviwZ me ZyZxi gy‡L Si‡e †Kej wgwó gay,

Ng© Mjv MÐ Zvnvi †n‡i h‡e D`¨v‡b‡Z

nÕ‡qv bv fvB mvgwi mg Dwo‡q w`‡q †mvbv †h Rb

GB Kwe-myjZvb Zuvi ìev‡i Kwe‡ì, cwÐZ‡ì w`‡Zb

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Avcwb Avi kvgm ejwL ïay `i‡ek wQ‡jb bv, mgvRZË¡ I

M‡YkPµ mvg‡b G‡jv bv| Zviv ¸ßZrciZv evwo‡q w`‡jv| Zviv

†kL e`iæj Bmjvg cÖwm× Av‡jg| mywd‡`i mi`vi| A‡bK¸‡jv

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M‡Y‡ki ivRmfvq Avbv n‡q‡Q K‡qKRb AwfRvZ gymwjg‡K|

M‡Y‡ki GB wbg©gZvi gy‡L Avcwb wQ‡jb GKv| Avcwb Zvi

Ô(KweZv) Zuvi ÎæwU‡Z wePviKvh© m¤úv`‡bi †Mvjgvj n‡jv

Ô(Avjøvni c‡_i) GKRb cw_‡Ki Avjøvn wfbœ Ab¨ KviI

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kZvãxi wPwV ● 100

kZvãxi wPwV ● 102

kZvãxi wPwV ● 103

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