HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLANNING

ASSIGNMENT 1

SOPHIA CHIN
313117251022
YEAR IV
EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

• Phase 1: Primitive non-organized human settlements (started with

the evolution of man)
• Phase 2: Primitive organized settlements - Eopolis(The Period of
Villages lasted 10,000 years)
• Phase 3: Static urban settlements or cities - Polis (lasted about
5,000-6,000 years)
• Phase 4: Dynamic urban settlements - Dynapolislasted 200-400
years
• Phase 5: Universal City - Ecumenopolis which is now beginning
PHASE 1 – PRIMITIVE HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
• Man began to modify the nature
• Man settled temporarily or permanently in different location
• Began with fire and went on to animal husbandry and
domestication of grazing animals
• Deforestation and agriculture complemented with permanent
human settlements
• Settlements: Natural shelters - hollows in theground, hollow trees
or shallow caves
• Settlements have no link, communication lines andtransportation
 PHASE 2: ORGANIZED HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

• Entry to the era of organized agriculture coupled

with organized settlements
• Human settlements with one room dwelling in
circular form then expansion of dwelling by placing
many round forms side by side, then elongated to
elliptical ones and rectilinear forms
• Due to loss of space between them, more regular
shapes of settlements were formed to a regular
gridiron pattern
PHASE 2: ORGANIZED HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
• Micro-scale: Man must divide the land, construct one or more shells
(rooms and houses), and circulate within a built-up area
(neighbourhood)
• Macro-scale: Man must own and use space but not build it, and
circulate within it, although to a much lesser degree than before (usually
not more than one movement to and from every day), man continues to
follow the course of nature towards hexagonal patterns
• Population is still small
• Villages are found in plains, near the rivers and near the sea
• When population density increased, new patterns were developed with
the villages covering the entire plain based on small hexagonal pattern
and the hills and mountains on a larger hexagonal pattern.
EVOLUTION OF SETTLEMENTS
PHASE 3: STATIC URBAN SETTLEMENTS

• First urban settlement appeared as small cities in a plain or as

fortresses on hills and mountains (5,000-6,000 years ago)
• Expansion of nucleus in one or more directions (single nucleus
principle/nodal point not valid anymore)
PHASE 4:DYNAMIC URBAN SETTLEMENTS

• Started in the 17th century

• Characterized by continuous growth
• Emerged due to industrial technologicalrevolution
• All part of the land it covers is not sterilised.
• Microorganisms in the soil no longer exist.
• Original animal inhabitants have largely beenbanished
PHASE 5: UNIVERSAL HUMAN SETTLEMENT
• Possible occurrence of population explosion
• Earth will be covered by one settlement 5
• Cities will be interconnected in one continuous network, into one
universal city called EcumenicCity
• Ecumenopolis on the earth in the year 2120, by which time it is
expected that the population of the earth will have leveled off at
a minimum of 20,000,000,000 people, and the population of the
definitely urban areas at a minimum of 18,000,000,000 people
(Doxiadis)
BY REVOLUTIONARY PHASE AND TYPE OF
PLANNING
MICROSPACE
MAN ARCHITECTURAL
ROOM SPACE
DWELLING
DWELLING GROUPS SITE PLANNING
DISTRICT SUB DIVISION PLANNING
MIDDLE SCALE
SMALL TOWN TOWN PLANNING
TOWN CITY PLANNING
LARGE CITY URBAN PLANNING
MACROSCALE
METROPOLIS REGIONAL PLANNING
CONURBATION METROPOLITAN PLANNING
MEGALOPOLIS TERRESTRIAL PLANNING
URBAN REGION NATIONAL PLANNING
URBAN CONTINENT
CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT

• SIZES
• LOCATION OF SETTLEMENTS
• PHYSICAL FORMS
• FUNCTIONS
TYPE OF SETTLEMENT BASED ON
POPULATION SIZE:

• ECUMENOPOLIS
• MEGAPOLIS
• CONURBATION
• METROPOLIS
• LARGE CITY
• CITY
• LARGE TOWN
• TOWN
• VILLAGE
• HAMMLET
• ISOLATED DWELLINGS
• Conurbation/metropolitan area – a supercity consisting of multiple cities
and towns.
• The population is usually several million.
• Large City – a city with a large population and many services.
• The population is >1 million people.
• City – a city would have abundant services, but not as many as a large
city. The population of a city is over 100,000 people.
• Large town – a large town has a population of 20,000 to 100,000.
• Town – a town has a population of 1,000 to 20,000
• Village – a village generally does not have many services, possibly only a
small corner shop or post office. A village has a population of 100 to 1,000.
• Hamlet – a hamlet has a tiny population
• DISPERSED SETTLEMENTS - A dispersed settlement is an area in which people
settle but there homes are far away from each other it is now said to be a
scattered area
• HAMLET – Human settlements may consist of only a few dwelling units
(hamlets) a hamlet has a tiny population
• A hamlet is a rural community —a small settlement — which is too small to
be considered a village. A hamlet has a tiny population
• It includes the temporary camp of the hunters and herders
• The Permanent Settlements Called Villages.
• VILLAGE -A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger
than a hamlet, but smaller than a town or city. Though generally located in
rural areas. A village generally does not have many services, possibly only
a small corner shop or post office. A village has a population of 100 to
1,000.
• Town
• A town has a population of 1,000 to 20,000. A town is a type of settlement
ranging from a few to several thousand (occasionally hundreds of
thousands) inhabitants. Usually, a "town" is thought of as larger than a
village but smaller than a "city",
• CITY
• A city would have abundant services, but not as many as a large city. The
population of a city is over 100,000 people. A city is an urban area with a
large population and a particular administrative, legal, or historical status.
• METROPOLITAN AREA A metropolitan area is a large population center
consisting of a large metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence. A large
city and its suburbs consisting of multiple cities and towns. The population is
usually one to three million CONURBATION: A group of large cities and their
suburbs, consisting of three to ten mill
• CONURBATION: A group of large cities and their suburbs, consisting of three to
ten million people Also urban agglomeration A conurbation is an urban area
or agglomeration comprising a number of cities, large towns and larger urban
areas that, through population growth and physical expansion, have merged
to form one continuous urban and industrially developed area. A conurbation
can be confused with a metropolitan area. As the term is used in North
America, a metropolitan area consists of many neighborhoods, while a
conurbation consists of many different metropolitan areas that are connected
with one another and are usually interdependent economically and socially.
• MEGOLOPOLIS a group of conurbations consisting of more than ten million
people each
• ECUMINOPOLIS – Entire area of earth taken up by human settlements as of
year 2009 the un estimated that for the first time more than 50% of the earth’s
population lived in citiesso the total population of this area would be about
34000000000 people as of 2010
• LOCATION OF SETTLEMENTS
• • PLAIN
• • PLATEAUE
• • COASTAL
• • FOREST
• • DESERT PHYSICAL FORMS
• • LINEAR
• • RECTANGULAR
• • CIRCULAR
• • STAR
• • CROSS-SHAPED
• Linear pattern
• In a linear pattern, the houses are located along a road, railway
line and along the edge of the rivervalley or along a levee
• Circular or semicircular pattern
• The pattern of settlement that is found around the lakes ponds
and sea coasts are called circular or semi circular pattern
• Star like pattern
• Where several metalled or unmetalled roads converge, star
shaped settlements develop. In the star shaped settlements.
houses are spread out along the sides of roads in all directions
• Nebular pattern
• The arrangement of roads is almost circular which ends at the
central location or nucleus of the settlement around the house of
the main landlord of the village or around a mosque, temple or
church
• Urban Settlements
• Urban is the term related to cities and towns where people are primarily
engaged in non-agricultural activities, such as secondary. tertiary and
quaternary activities. The common characteristic feature of an urban
unit is that they are compact, congested and liable to a large number
of population. They comprise of mostly man-made structures that fulfill
the requirements of a society's administrative, cultural, residential and
religious functions. The factors responsible for urbanization are better
employment opportunities, suitable conditions for business, education
transport, etc.Classification of
• Urban Settlements
• Urban centres are classified as towns, cites, metropolitan cities, moga
cities, conurbation, etc., -depending on the size and services available
and functions rendered to it.
• CASE STUDY - QUEBEC, CANADA
• Some communities along the Saint Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada,
developed as linear villages. as is still clearly seen in Champlain, Quebec. A
linear village, or linear settlement, is a small to medium-sized settlement that
is formed around a transport route, such as a road, river, or canal.
• A linear village, or linear settlement is a small to medium-sized settlement that
is formed around a transport route, such as a road, river, or canal. Initially the
houses were all built on one side of the route.Later development may add
side turnings and districts away from the original main street. Places such as
Southport in England developed in this wayA linear village is in contrast with
ribbon development, which is the outward spread of a town along transport
routes
• COMBINED FORM OF SETTLEMENT
• Combinations
• (i) a town and its adjoining urban outgrowths,
• (ii) two or more contiguous towns with or without their outgrowths, and
• (iii) a city and one or more adjoining towns with their outgrowths together
forming a contiguous spread
• There are many reasons why humans make the choices they do about
building settlements.

• Factors include:
• Physical Features
• Body of water (transportation routes, water for drinking and farming)
• Flat land (easy to build)
• Fertile soil (for crops)
• Forests (timber and housing)
• Economic reasons
• Economic motives loom large in all human movements, but are particularly important with regards to
migration.

• Pull Factors
• More jobs
• Better jobs
• Higher wages
• The promise of a “better life”
• Sometimes this is encouraged by the destination country for example, the 1960’s employment
campaign in the Caribbean by London bus companies that actively recruited young men to move to
London to work as bus drivers, who were then often followed by their families.
• Another example might be the “brain drain” to America that occurred in the latter half of the 20th
century from several other western countries.
• There are many reasons why humans make the choices they do about
building settlements.

• Factors include:
• Physical Features
• Body of water (transportation routes, water for drinking and farming)
• Flat land (easy to build)
• Fertile soil (for crops)
• Forests (timber and housing)
• Push Factors
• Economic push factors tend to be the exact reversal of the pull factors:

• Overpopulation
• Few jobs
• Low wages
• This lack of economic opportunity tends to push people to look for their futures outside the area of their
origin.
• An example of this is the migration of Mexicans and people from other Central American countries into
the US, where they often work low-wage, long-hour jobs in farming, construction and domestic labour.
• It’s difficult to classify this case purely with push factors though, because often the factors associated
with the country of origin are just as important as the factors associated with the country of destination.
• Forced migration has also been used for economic gain, such as the 20 million men, women and
children who were forcibly carried as slaves to the Americas between the 16th and 18th centuries.
• Social reasons
• Social reasons tend to involve forced migration
• Pull factors
• Principles of religious tolerance
• For example the US attracted religious refugees, such as the Mennonites, who settled in Pennsylvania.
• Push factors
• Intolerance towards a certain cultural group
• Active religious persecution
• Examples being the Huguenots in 16th century France, the Puritans in 17th century England and the
Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany.
• Physical reasons
• Pull factors
• Attractive environments, such as mountains, seasides and warm climates
• For example the Alps pull French people to eastern France. Spain attracts migrants, especially retirees,
who seek warmer winters
• Push factors “push” people away from their home and include things like
war. Pull factors “pull” people to a new home and include things like better
opportunities. The reasons people migrate are usually economic, political,
cultural, or environmental.

• Push Factors
• Push factors encourage people to leave their points of origin and settle
elsewhere, while pull factors attract migrants to new areas. For example, high
unemployment is a common push factor, while an abundance of jobs is an
effective pull factor. Although it is impossible to know precisely why each
immigrant decided to leave his or her home country to settle in
Newfoundland and Labrador, it is possible to outline general push factors
motivating emigration from different areas.