TOPICS:

Research Design

Materials and Procedure

Data Collection

Data Analysis and

Interpretation

Conclusion

Recommendation
THE SUCCESS OF
FAILURE OF AN
INVESTIGATION
USUALLY DEPENDS ON
THE
DESIGN OF THE
RESEARCH.

IN RESEARCH, THE
DESIGN IS USED AS A
GUIDE TO ACHIEVE
YOUR
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES.
IT IS IMPORTANT TO
FOLLOW CERTAIN
PROCEDURE
FOR ACCURATE AND
BETTER RESULTS.
RESEARCH DESIGN
/METHOD

• A research design is a complete

sequence of steps or procedures
that need to be followed when
obtaining the needed data during
an investigation (Caintic & Cruz,
2008).
 RESEARCH DESIGN
• It is the blueprint of the study. It guides the
collection, measurement and analysis of data
(Cooper & Schindler, 2001).

• It is a plan or course of action which the

research follows in order to answer the research
question/s orc solve the research problem
(Sanchez, et al., 1996).
According to Description Example
Levels of
Investigation
a. Exploratory or It is done to find out Factors Affecting
Assessment pertinent variables. Water
Contamination

b. Descriptive or It is done to find out Online Games and

Correlation the relationship of Academic
two variables. Performance

c. Experimental It is done to find out Selective Herbal

the effect of one Medicines and
variable to Hypertensive
another. Residents of Cebu
City
According to data or Description Example
statistical content

1.Quantitative It is done Senior High

with the use School
of inferential Degree and
statistics Employment
Rate

2. Qualitative It is done Federalism:

with the use An Opinion
of Analysis
descriptive
statistics
COMMONLY USED RESEARCH DESIGNS

1. NON OR PRE-EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGNS
2. TRUE EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGNS
3. QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGNS
• Non or pre-experimental designs - are the simplest form of
research design. In a pre-experiment either a single group
or multiple groups are observed subsequent to some agent
or treatment presumed to cause change

• True experimental designs - is a type of experimental

design and is used to establish cause and effect
relationships. There are three criteria that must be met in
order for an experiment to be determined as a true
experiment: At least one experimental and control group

• Quasi-experimental designs involve the manipulation of an

independent variable without the random assignment of
participants to conditions or orders of conditions.
PRINCIPLES OF A RESEARCH DESIGN
• REPLICATION- the experiment should be repeated several
times to find an estimate of variations among observations on
the group of subjects treated alike

• RANDOMIZATION-refers to the assignment of the

experimental subjects to the treatments by chance

• LOCAL CONTROL-is done when balancing, grouping and

blocking of experimental units are employed in the adopted
design

• CONTROL OF EXTRANEOUS VARIABLES-

no outside variables may affect the
experimental subjects
A WRONG
CHOICE OF A
DESIGN PUTS
TO RISK THE
VALIDITY
AND THE
RELIABILITY
OF THE
STUDY.
RELIABILITY REFERS TO
THE CONSISTENCY,
STABILITY AND
DEPENDABILITY OF THE
DATA.
VALIDITY REFERS TO THE EXTENT
TO WHICH A MEASUREMENT
DOES WHAT IT IS SUPPOSED TO
DO, WHICH IS TO MEASURE
WHAT IT INTENDS TO MEASURE.
VALID DATA ARE NOT ONLY
RELIABLE BUT ALSO TRUE AND
SOUND.
VALIDITY
THREATS

• History

• Selection

• Testing

• Instrumentation

• Maturation

• Mortality
A GOOD RESEARCH REQUIRES
A GOOD DESIGN
THE USE OF AN APPROPRIATE DESIGN
MINIMIZES THE OCCURRENCE OF
ERROR IN THE CONDUCT OF THE
STUDY AND IN THE CONCLUSIONS
DRAWN FROM THE STUDY.