LESSON

PLAN
ON
BRONCITIS

EXTERNAL EXAMINER INTERNALEXAMINER

STUDENT TEACHER OBJECTIVES:

By the end of the session the students will be able to

 Develop the skills in introducing the topic from the general to specific
 Develop the skills in organizing the content
 Develop the skills in explaining the topic
 Select, prepare and display appropriate A.V Aids
 Develop the skills in questioning the group
 Develop the skills in motivating the students for learning.
 OBJECTIVES

General objective:
By the end of the session the group will be able to gain the in-depth knowledge regarding Inflammation.

Specific objectives:

 Define inflammation
 Explain the causes of inflammation
 Enlist the types of inflammation
 Discuss the acute inflammation and its pathological changes and management.
 Explain the chronic inflammation and its pathological changes.
 Discuss the chronic inflammation management
 Summarize the topic inflammation.
SLNO OBJECTIVES TIME CONTENT TEACHING/ A.V AVIDS EVALUATION
LEARNING
ATIVITES

SLNO OBJECTIVES TIME CONTENT TEACHING/ A.V AVIDS EVALUATION

LEARNING
ATIVITES

DEFINITION:
1. inflammation of the

lining of your bronchial tubes,

which carry air to and from
your lungs.

- Centre of disease control

SLNO OBJECTIVES TIME CONTENT TEACHING/ A.V AVIDS EVALUATION
LEARNING
ATIVITES

ETIOLOGY:
 90% of cases, the cause is a
viral infection.
 A small number of cases are
due to bacteria such as
Mycoplasma pneumoniae or
Bordetella pertussis.

PRE-DISPOSING FACTORS:

 Smoking
 Long term illness.
 Immune deficiency
 Immobilization.

PRECIPITATING FACTORS:

 Hospitalization
 Environment
 Smoking
 Malnutrition
SLNO OBJECTIVES TIME CONTENT TEACHING/ A.V AVIDS EVALUATION
LEARNING
ATIVITES

ROUTES OF
TRANSMISSION:
 Airborne respiratory
droplets
 By saliva
 By skin-to-skin contact.
 By touching a
contaminated surface.

TYPES OF BRONCHITIS:

ACUTE:

Acute bronchitis is a shorter

illness that commonly follows a
cold or viral infection, such as the
flu which lasts for 1-3 weeks

CHRONIC:

It is a serious ongoing illness, it is

 persistent, mucus producing
cough that last longer than three
months.it occurs with emphysema
and it may become COPD
(chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease).

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LEARNING
ATIVITES

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
Due to etiology and risk
factors
Microorganism enter into the
respiratory tract by inhalation

Wide spread inflammation occurs

This mucus lining of the bronchi

can become irritated and swollen

Cell that makes up this lining may

leak fluid in response to the
 inflammation

Coughing as a reflex that works

to clear secretion from the lungs.

Alveolar fluid response.

Narrowing of the airways

Ventilation decreases as a
secretion thickness

Mucus within the airways

produces resistance in small
airways and can cause severe
ventilation perfusion imbalance.

Bronchitis.

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LEARNING
ATIVITES
CLINICAL
MANIFESTATIONS:
 Sign & symptoms for both acute
and chronic bronchitis
 . Persistent cough
 Production of mucus
which can be clear, white,
yellowish gray or green in
color, rarely it may be
streaked with blood.
 Crackles and Wheezing
sound
 Low fever,
 chills,
 Headache
 Chest tightening
 Sore throat,
 dyspnea
 Blocked nose & sinuses

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LEARNING
ATIVITES
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:
  History Collection:
In history collection
biographic data, environment of
residential area, occupation.
 Physical examination:
Clubbing of finger for cyanosis,
breathing difficulty can be
assessed, lymph nodes
enlargement.
 Chest x-ray:
inflammation and infection
appear in the white color.
 Sputum–
for gram stain, culture and
sensitivity test may be obtained to
determine presence of bacterial
infection.
 Pulmonary function test
by using spirometer – to
determine peak expiratory flow
(person's maximum speed of
expiration)
  ABG Level:
increased co2 levels and
decreased oxygen levels.

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LEARNING
ATIVITES
MANAGEMENT:
Many cases of acute condition
may go away without any specific
treatment, but there is a no cure
for chronic condition.
To keep bronchitis symptoms
under control & relieve
symptoms,
♦ Antibiotics –
Azithromycin, for 7-10
days Antitussive – Codeine
for suppressing the cough.
♦ Bronchodilators – To dilate
the bronchi
♦ Beta2-adrenergic agonist
 agents – Salbutamol,
Terbutaline
♦ Anticholinergic agents –
Ipratropium bromide
♦ Methylxanthines –
Theophylline Mucolytics -
e.g., Acetylcysteine to thin
the secretions.
♦ Corticosteroids –
Dexamethasone,
Methylprednisolone to
relieve the inflammation
♦ Antipyretics - for fever
♦ Other - Oxygen therapy,
Pulmonary rehabilitation
program, chest
physiotherapy, nutritional
therapy.

SLNO OBJECTIVES TIME CONTENT TEACHING/ A.V AVIDS EVALUATION

LEARNING
ATIVITES
Additional behavior remedies
include
 Removing the source of
irritants from the lungs
 Using a humidifier –
loosen mucus
 Exercise • Breathing
exercise – pursed lip
breathing
NURSING MANAGEMENT:
ASSESSMENT:
Nursing assessment includes
the assessment of signs and
symptoms of bronchitis,
identifying possible reasons for
the condition. Assessing vital
signs.
NURSING DIAGNOSIS:
 ineffective airway
clearance related to thick
mucus discharge as
evidence by presence of
rhonchi, cough and
tachypnea
 Impaired respiratory
functioning related to
 ineffective breathing
pattern as evidence by
increased respiratory rate.
 acute pain related to
inflammation, cough as
evidence by report of
discomfort and facial
expression.
 Ineffective breathing
pattern related to
inflammatory process as
evidenced by nasal
flaring.
 Knowledge deficit related
to the diseases condition
as evidenced by frequent
questioning.

SLNO OBJECTIVES TIME CONTENT TEACHING/ A.V AVIDS EVALUATION

LEARNING
ATIVITES
NURSING INTERVENTIONS:
1
 Assess airway for patency.
 Assess respirations. Note
quality, rate, pattern, depth,
flaring of nostrils, dyspnea
on exertion, evidence of
splinting, use of accessory
muscles, and position for
breathing.
 Provide for periods of rest
by organizing procedures
and care and disturbing
infant/child as little as
possible in acute stages of
illness.
 Elevate head of bed at least
30° for child and hold
infant and young child in
lap or in an upright position
with head on shoulder;
older child may sit up and
rest head on a pillow on
overbed table.
 Encourage fluid intake at
frequent intervals over 24-h
 time periods, specify
amounts
 Reposition on sides q 2h.
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LEARNING
ATIVITES
Assess respiratory status, a
minimum of every 2–4 hours or
more often as indicated for a
decreasing respiratory rate and
episodes of apnea.
Encourage frequent rest periods
and teach patient to pace activity.
Assist and demonstrate proper
deep breathing exercises.
Maintain a clear airway by
encouraging patient to mobilize
own secretions with successful
coughing
Provide humidified oxygen via
face mask, hood, or tent.
3
Assess existing knowledge of
disease
prevention, transmission, and
treatment.
ncourage parents to provide good
nutrition and hydration,
emphasizing a high-calorie
balanced diet and increased fluids
(specify amounts).
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LEARNING
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COMPLICATIONS:
 Bacterial superinfection.
 Pneumonia develops in
about 5% of patients with
bronchitis (incidence of
subsequent pneumonia,
unaffected by antibiotic
treatment)
 Chronic bronchitis may
develop with repeated
episodes of acute
bronchitis.
 Reactive airway disease
can occur as a result of
acute bronchitis.
 Hemoptysis
SLNO OBJECTIVES TIME CONTENT TEACHING/ A.V AVIDS EVALUATION
LEARNING
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THEORY APPLICATION:
For the patients with bronchitis
condition Orem's self-care deficit
theory is most applicable.
SUMMMARY:
Bronchitis is inflammation of the
bronchi (large and medium-sized
airways) in the lungs that causes
coughing.[1] Symptoms include
coughing up sputum, wheezing,
shortness of breath, and chest
pain.[1] Bronchitis can be acute or
chronic.[1]
Acute bronchitis usually has a
cough that lasts around three
weeks,[4] and is also known as a
chest cold.[5] In more than 90% of
cases the cause is a viral
infection.[4] These viruses may be
spread through the air when
people cough or by direct contact
Chronic bronchitis is defined as a
productive cough – one that
produces sputum – that lasts for
three months or more per year for
at least two years.[9][10] Many
people with chronic bronchitis
have chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD)
SLNO OBJECTIVES TIME CONTENT TEACHING/ A.V AVIDS EVALUATION
 LEARNING
ATIVITES
CONCLUSION:
By the end of the lesson plan,
the students have gained in-
depth knowledge regarding
bronchitis, types, causes of
inflammation, pathological
changes, and its managements.

SLNO OBJECTIVES TIME CONTENT TEACHING/ A.V AVIDS EVALUATION

LEARNING
ATIVITES
BIBILIOGRAPHY:
1. Brunner and Suddharth,
text book of medical surgical
nursing, 11th edition, Lippincott
publication, page no. 1986-
1990.
2. https://www.researchgate.
net/publication/275762327_
4.https://www.slideshare.net/an
ushareddy999/inflammation-
84417407.