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Stat - Prob 11 - Q3 - SLM - WK2
Stat - Prob 11 - Q3 - SLM - WK2
Stat - Prob 11 - Q3 - SLM - WK2
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ii
Learning Competencies: Illustrates the mean and variance of a discrete random
variable. (M11/12SP-IIIb-1)
Calculates the mean and the variance of a discrete random
variable. (M11/12SP-IIIb-2)
Interprets the mean and the variance of a discrete random
variable. (M11/12SP-IIIb-3)
Solves problems involving mean and variance of probability
distributions. (M11/12SP-IIIb-4)
What is it…
Mean and Variance of Random Variables
Just like variables from a data set, random variables are described by measures
of central tendency (like the mean) and measures of variability (like variance).
1. In 50 items test, Miss Santos, a mathematics teacher claimed that most of the
students’ scores lie closer to 40. In this situation, is score of 40 considered as
Variance or Expected Value (Mean)? Explain your answer.
What is it…
Example:
The probabilities that a customer Number of Items Probability
will buy 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 items in a X P(X)
3 1 1 2 3
grocery store are , , , , 1
10 10 10 10 10
3 1
and , respectively. What is the 2
10 10
average number of items that a 1
customer will buy? 3
10
2
4
10
3
5
10
Solution:
2
2 2 8
4 4X =
10 10 10
3 3 15
5 5X =
10 10 10
31
μ=Σ X∙ P(X) = = 3.1
10
So the mean of the probability distribution is 3.1. This implies that the average
number of items that a customer will buy is 3.1.
Steps in Finding the Variance and Standard Deviation
1. Find the mean of the probability distribution.
2. Subtract the mean from each value of the random variable X.
3. Square the results obtained in Step 2.
4. Multiply the result obtained in Step 3 by the corresponding probability.
5. Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 4.
σ 2=Σ( X−μ)2 ∙ P ( X )
σ =√ Σ (X−μ)2 ∙ P ( X )
3
Therefore, the variance of the probability distribution is 2.69.The standard deviation is
σ =√ 2.69
σ =1.64
What’s More…
Directions: Compute the mean and variance of the probability distribution. Show
your solution on the separate sheets.
When three coins are tossed, Probability
Number of Heads X
the probability distribution for P(X)
the random variable X 1
representing the number of 0
8
heads occur is given below.
3
Compute the variance of the 1
probability distribution. 8
3
2
8
1
3
8
Lesson 3: Discrete Probability distribution
What is it…
This lesson will teach us how to compute and interpret mean and variance of a
discrete probability distribution.
Example:
Consider rolling a die. What is Number of
Probability P(X)
the average number of spots Spots X
that would appear? 1
1
6
1
2
6
1
3
6
1
4
6
1
5
6
1
6
6
Solution:
Number of Probability X∙ P(X) X −μ ( X −μ)2 ( X −μ)2 ∙ P (X )
Spots X P(X)
1 1 1 1
1 1X = 1 – 3.5 = -2.5 (−2.5)2=6.25 6.25 ∙ =1.042
6 6 6 6
1 1 2 1
2 2X = 2 – 3.5 = -1.5 (−1.5)2=2.25 2.25 ∙ =0.375
6 6 6 6
1 1 3 1
3 3X = 3 – 3.5 = -0.5 (−0.5)2=0.25 0.25 ∙ =0.042
6 6 6 6
1 1 4 1
4 4X = 4 – 3.5 = 0.5 (0.5)2=0.25 0.25 ∙ =0.042
6 6 6 6
4
1 1 5 1
5 5X = 5 – 3.5 = 1.5 (1.5)2=2.25 2.25 ∙ =0.375
6 6 6 6
1 1 6 1
6 6X = 6 – 3.5 = 2.5 (2.5)2=6.25 6.25 ∙ =1.042
6 6 6 6
21
μ=Σ X∙ P(X) = = 3.5 σ 2=Σ( X−μ)2 ∙ P ( X ) = 2.92
6
Mean is equal to 3.5. This is called the mean of the random variable X or the
mean of the probability distribution of X. The mean tells us the average number of
spots that would appear in a roll of die. So, the average number of spots that would
appear is 3.5. Although the die will never show a number, which is 3.5, this implies
that rolling the die many times, the theoretical mean would be 3.5. On the other hand,
variance is equal to 2.92. Variance gives a measure of how far the values of X are from
the mean. The variance is a measure of how much the probability mass is spread out
around this center.
What’s More…
Directions: Solve for the mean and variance of the following probability
distribution. Interpret the result. Show your solution on the separate sheets.
The number of cars sold per Number of
Probability P(X)
day at a local car dealership, Cars Sold X
along with its corresponding 1
probabilities, is shown in the 0
10
succeeding table. Compute the 2
variance of the probability 1
10
distribution by following the
given steps.
3
2
10
2
3
10
2
4
10
Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. Write your answer
in the answer sheet provided.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the interpretation of the values of
variance and standard deviation?
A. A small value of variance or standard deviation indicates that the
distribution of the discrete random variable is closer about the mean.
B. A large value of variance or standard deviation indicates that the
distribution of the discrete random variable is closer about the mean.
C. A small value of variance or standard deviation indicates that the
distribution of the discrete random variable takes some distance from the
mean.
D. All of the above.
2. In 50 items test, Miss Santos, a mathematics teacher claimed that most of the
students’ scores lie closer to 35. In this situation, score of 35 is considered as,
A. Variance C. Expected Value or Mean
B. Standard Deviation D. Median
5
A. It is a weighted average of the possible values that the random variable can
take.
B. It is the product of mean and the square of the probability distribution of a
discrete random variables.
C. It is obtained by getting the summation of the product of the square of the
difference between the value of X and the expected value times its
corresponding probability
D. All of the above
X
4. If P(X) = , what are the possible values of X for it to be a probability distribution?
6
A. 0, 2, 3 C. 2, 3, 4
B. 1, 2, 3 D. 1, 1, 2
10. What formula is used to find the variance of discrete random variable?
6
Answer Sheet
Name:
Grade & Section: Score:
Quarter 3 – Module 2
Lesson 1
What’s More
1.
2.
Lesson 2
What’s More
7
Number
Probability X ∙ P (X ) X −μ ( X −μ)2 ( X −μ)2 ∙ P (X )
of
P(X)
Heads X
1
0
8
3
1
8
3
2
8
1
3
8
μ=¿ σ 2=¿
Lesson 3
What’s More
Number
Probability X ∙ P (X ) X −μ ( X −μ)2 ( X −μ)2 ∙ P (X )
of Cars
P(X)
Sold X
1
0
10
2
1
10
3
2
10
2
3
10
2
4
10
2
μ=¿ σ =¿
Assessment
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.
Answer Key
Quarter 3 - Module 2
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
8 μ=1.5
σ 2=0.75
Reference
Belecina, R. 2016. Statistics and Probability. Manila: Rex Book Store,
Incorporated.