Burn It All!!!

What a Calorimeter Is
Unit: Matter and Energy A device for measuring the amount of energy stored in a substance
Lesson 4: Calorimetry (not just food!)

Simple

How a Calorimeter works: Reference Table I

Table I
Heats of Reaction at 101.3 kPa and 298 K All of the values listed on this table were
Table J
Activity Series**

CH4(g) + 2O2(g)
C3H8(g) + 5O2(g)
Reaction
CO2(g) + 2H2O(!)
3CO2(g) + 4H2O(!)
∆H (kJ)*
–890.4
–2219.2
Most
Active
Metals
Li
Rb
determined through calorimetry.
Nonmetals Most
F2
Cl2
Active

2C8H18(!) + 25O2(g) 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(!) –10943 K Br2

2CH3OH(!) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(!) –1452 Cs I2
C2H5OH(!) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(!) –1367 Ba
C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(!) –2804 Sr
2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g) –566.0 Ca
C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) –393.5 Na
4Al(s) + 3O2(g) 2Al2O3(s) –3351 Mg
N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g) +182.6 Al
N2(g) + 2O2(g) 2NO2(g) +66.4 Ti
2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(g) –483.6 Mn
2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(!) –571.6 Zn
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) –91.8 Cr
2C(s) + 3H2(g) C2H6(g) –84.0 Fe
2C(s) + 2H2(g) C2H4(g) +52.4 Co
2C(s) + H2(g) C2H2(g) +227.4 Ni
H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g) +53.0 Sn
H2O
KNO3(s) K+(aq) + NO3–(aq) +34.89 Pb
H2O
NaOH(s) Na+(aq) + OH–(aq) –44.51 H2
H2O
NH4Cl(s) NH4+(aq) + Cl–(aq) +14.78 Cu
H2O
NH4NO3(s) NH4+(aq) + NO3–(aq) +25.69 Ag
H2O
NaCl(s) Na+(aq) + Cl–(aq) +3.88 Au
Least Least
LiBr(s)
H2O
Li+(aq) + Br–(aq) –48.83 Active Active

H+(aq) + OH–(aq) H2O(!) –55.8 **Activity Series is based on the hydrogen

standard. H2 is not a metal.
*The ∆H values are based on molar quantities represented in the equations.
A minus sign indicates an exothermic reaction.

Reference Tables for Physical Setting/ Chemistry – 2011 Edition 5

 liters
P1V1 of solution
PV P = pressure
Combined Gas Law = 2 2 V = volume
T1 T2
P = pressureT = temperature (K) + –
Combined Gas Law
P1V1
=
P2V2
V = volume
M of=H
M = molarity molarityM
of H= molarity
A MB = molarity
of OH– of OH
+
Titration T1 T2
M V =M V
MA =(K)
T = temperature A of H+ MB = molarity of OH–
molarity B
Titration M V =M V M V = MBVB A A B B V = volume of acid VB = volume of base
A A A A BM B= molarityVAof=Hvolume of acid VB = volume
– A
of base
The Calorimetry Equation (Table T) V = volume of acid = volume
VSpecific Heat of base
+ M B = molarity of OH
Titration MAVA = MBVB
A
A B
q = mC∆T VA = volumeqof= acid heat VB = volumeHoff =base
heat of fusion
Relates heat, mass, and q =temperature change
m = massfor a substance
q = mC∆T q = heat The amount
Hof energy needed to raise the temperature of a
f = heat of fusion
Heat mHf Hv = heat of vaporization

Heat Heat
q = mC∆T q = mHv q = heat C = specific H
q = mC∆T
q = mHf q = mH q = heat
m = mass ∆T = change f in
f = capacity
heat heat of fusion
m = mass Hsubstance
= heat of vaporization
Hvtemperature
by 1°C/1K
f = heatHof fusion
v = heat of vaporization
q = mH
q = mHv
q = mH m = mass
C = specific heat capacity
K f= °C + ∆273 v
T = change inKtemperature
= kelvin
C = specific heat = heat of vaporization
Hv capacity
Temperature
q = mH T = change
C = specific∆heat
°C = degrees Celsius in temperature
capacity
K = °C + 273 v K = kelvin
Temperature
∆T = change in temperature
°C = degrees Celsius
t
fraction remaining = ( °C
K= ) + 273
1 T
2 K = kelvin
t = total time elapsed
Temperature
Radioactive Decay t
fraction remaining = ( )
1 T
number of 2half-life periods = t
T= half-life
°C = degrees Celsius
t = total time elapsed
Radioactive Decay K = °C + 273 K = kelvin
T
T= half-life
re number of half-life periods = t
T °C = degrees Celsius
t
1 T
( )
DET 609 (8-03–350,000)
93-93703 93-041 CDC

fraction remaining = t = total time elapsed

12 2 Setting/ CHEMISTRY
Reference Tables for Physical
DET 609 (8-03–350,000)
93-93703 93-041 CDC
Radioactive Decay t T= half-life
( )
Reference Tables for Physical Setting/ CHEMISTRY
1 T
fraction remaining = of half-life
number periods = t t = total time elapsed
2 T
e Decay
An Example T= half-life
Another Example
number
How many joules of half-life
are absorbed by 100.0periods = t if the
grams of water 200.J of energy is absorbed by an 80.0g sample of water in a
temperature is increased from 35.0°C to 50.0°C? T calorimeter at 25.000°C. WhatDET 609 (8-03–350,000)
will the93-041
93-93703 final temperature
CDC be?

12 Reference Tables for Physical Setting/ CHEMISTRY

q = m C ΔT
= (100.0g)(4.18J/g⋅K)(50.0°C-35.0°C) DET 609 (8-03–350,000)
93-93703 93-041 CDC
= (100.0g)(4.18J/g⋅K)(15.0°C)
q = 6270J Reference Tables for Physical Setting/ CHEMISTRY
 C Table A
Standard Temperature and Pressure
2011 Edition
Table D
Selected Units

Name Value Unit Symbol Name Quantity

Standard Pressure 101.3 kPa kilopascal m meter length
1 atm atmosphere
g gram mass
Standard Temperature 273 K kelvin
Thanks for Watching! 0°C degree Celsius
Pa
K
pascal
kelvin
pressure
temperature
Make Sure You Can: mol mole amount of
substance
1. Explain how a calorimeter works.
Table B energy, work,
Physical Constants heat.
for Water
J joule
2. Explain the concept of specific quantity of heat

3. Use the Calorimetry

Heat of FusionEquation to solve for everys variable.
334 J/g
second time
min minute time
Heat of Vaporization 2260 J/g
h hour time
Specific Heat Capacity of H2O(!) 4.18 J/g•K
d day time
y year time
L liter volume
Table C
Selected Prefixes ppm parts per million concentration

M molarity solution
Factor Prefix Symbol concentration

103 kilo- k u atomic mass unit atomic mass

10 –1 deci- d
10 –2 centi- c
10 –3 milli- m
10 –6 micro- µ
10 –9 nano- n
10 –12 pico- p

Reference Tables for Physical Setting/ Chemistry – 2011 Edition 1