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nit 01

PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND

MEASUREMENT

1.2 What is difference between base and derived quantities? Give 3 examples in each
case. [L.B. 2015,16,17,19]

Base Quantities: Derived Quantities:

“Base quantities are the quantities on the
basis of which other quantities are
expressed.”
Examples; Length, mass and time are base
quantities.
1.3 Pick out the base units in the following;
ampere, meter, Kelvin, coulomb and watt.
“The quantities that are expressed in terms
of base quantities are called derived
quantities.”
Examples; Volume, speed and force are
derived quantities.
joule, Newton, kilogram, hertz, mole,

Base Units: Kilogram, mole, ampere, meter and Kelvin.

Derived Units:Joule, Newton, hertz, coulomb and watt.

1.4 Find the base quantities involved in the following derived quantities:

a)speed b) volume c) Force d) work

a)Speed: Speed is derived from length and time.

b)Volume: Volume is derived from length.

c)Force: Force is derived from mass, length and time.

d)Work: Work is derived from mass, length and time.

1.5Estimate your age in seconds. [L.B. 2014,15,17,18]

Age in Seconds: 𝑚𝑦 𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝟏𝟓 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 = 15 × 1 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠

𝑚𝑦 𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 15 × 365 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 = 15 × 365 × 1 𝑑𝑎𝑦

𝑚𝑦 𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 15 × 365 × 24 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 = 15 × 365 × 24 × 1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟

𝑚𝑦 𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 15 × 365 × 24 × 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 = 15 × 365 × 24 × 60 × 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠

𝑚𝑦 𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 15 × 365 × 24 × 60 × 60 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 = 15 × 31536000 𝑠

𝑚𝑦 𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝟏𝟓 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 = 473040000 𝑠

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1.6 What role SI units have played in development of science? [L.B. 2016]

Importance of SI: System international has fulfilled the need of a commonly acceptable
worldwide system of units for science and technology.

1.7 What is meant by Vernier constant? [L.B. 2014,15,17**]

Vernier Constant: “The minimum measurement that can be taken by vernier callipers is
called least count of vernier callipers or vernier constant.”

Value: Vernier constant = 0.1 mm = 0.01 cm

1.8 What do you understand by zero error of a measuring instrument? [L.B. 2014]

Zero Error: “The extent of error in any measuring instrument is called zero error of that
instrument.”

Types: Zero error may be Positive or Negative.

1.9Why is the use of zero error necessary in a measuring instrument?

Use of zero Error: Use of zero error ensures the precision and accuracy of measurement
taken by the measuring instrument.

1.10 What is a stop watch? What is the least count of mechanical stop watch you have
used in laboratories?

Stop Watch: “A stop watch is used to measure time interval of an event.”

L.C. of Mechanical Stop Watch = 0.1 s, L. C. Digital Stop Watch = 0.01 s

1.11Why do you need to measure extremely small interval of times?

Measuring Interval of Time: Different physical quantities like displacement, velocity and
acceleration, power and momentum are related to time. So we need to measure extremely
small intervals of time to get more precise readings.

1.12 What is meant by significant figures of a measurement?

Significant Figures: “All the accurately known digits and first doubtful digit in an expression
are called significant figures.”

Note: All non zero digits. Zero in a measurement may or may not be significant.

1.13How is precision related to significant figures in a measuring quantity?

Precision & Sig. Figs.: Number of significant figures reflects the precision of a measured
value of a physical quantity.

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Important short questions from BISE Lahore

01 Define physics. [L.B. 2014,15]

Physics: “Physics is the branch of science in which we study matter, energy and their
interactions.”

Mechanics, optics, sound and electromagnetism are few branches of physics.

02 Define plasma physics, geo physics and nuclear physics. [L.B. 2016,17,18]

Plasma Physics: “Plasma physics is the study of production and properties of the ionic state
of matter – fourth state of matter.”

Nuclear Physics: Nuclear Physics is the study of properties and behavior of nuclei and
particles within the nuclei.”

Geo Physics: “Geo physics is the study of the internal structure of the earth.”

03How many divisions are present on vernier scale? [L.B. 2016]

No. of Divisions: 10 divisions are present on vernier scale of vernier callipers.

04 What is meant by prefixes? Give example. [L.B. 2016,19]

Prefixes: “Prefixes are the words or letters added before SI units. These are multiples of
10.”

Examples: Common examples of prefixes are kilo (k = 103), milli (m = 10-3), centi (c = 10-2)
etc.

05 Write 2 rules to find significant figures in a measurement. [L.B. 2016]

Rules: 1. Digits other than zero are significant.

2. Zero between significant digits is also significant.

06 Write the names of 2 length measuring instruments. [L.B. 2017]

Instruments: Two common length measuring instruments are metre rule and measuring
tape.

07 What do you mean by scientific notation? Give one example. [L.B. 2018,19]

Scientific notation: “A way to express a given number as a number between 1 and 10

multiplied by 10 having an appropriate power is called scientific notation or standard form.”

Example: A quantity 6400 km is written in standard form as 6.4 × 103 km.

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08 What is meant by base and derived units? [L.B. 2019]

Base Units: “The units that describe base quantities are called base units.”
Example: kilogram (mass), second (time) and meter (length) are commonly used base units.
Derived Units: “The units used to measure derived quantities are called derived units.”
Example: Watt (Power), coulomb (charge) and joule (Energy) are commonly used derived
units.
09 Write 4 names of laboratory safety equipment. [L.B. 2019]

Safety Equipment: A school laboratory must have safety equipments such as:

҉Waste-disposal basket ҉Fire extinguisher ҉Fire alarm ҉First Aid Box ҉Sand and
water buckets ҉Fire blanket to put off fire.

10 Define biological sciences and physical sciences. [L.B. 2019]

Physical Sciences: “Physical sciences deal with the study of non-living things.”

Biological Sciences: “Biological sciences are concerned with the study of living things.”

12 What is meant by physical quantities? Give 2 examples. [L.B. 2019]

Physical Quantities: “All measurable quantities are called physical quantities.”

Example: Length, mass, time and temperature.

A physical quantity possesses at least two characteristics in common. One is its numerical
magnitude and the other is the unit.

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