9

9
ARTS
Quarter 1 – Module 2
Distinct Characteristics of Arts
(Sculptures) from Western
Classical Art Traditions
Arts – Grade 9
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Distinct Characteristics of Arts (Sculptures) from Western
Classical Art Traditions

Republic Act 8293, section 176states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to
use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Romulo V. Almelor II

Editors: Maribel C. Vargas

Alfie Gascon
Cloyd M. Lagyap
Reviewers:Cynthia T. Monatňez

Illustrator:RudilyBarce

Layout Artist:
Introductory Message

Welcome to the Arts 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Distinct

Characteristics of Arts (Sculptures) from Western Classical Art Traditions
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn,
create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies
that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the
relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic
success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your won pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource
while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the

skills or competencies you are
expected to learn in the module.
This part includes an activity that
What I Know aims to check what you already
know about the lesson to take. If
you get all the answers.
This is a brief drill or review to
What’s In help you link the current lesson
with the previous one.
In this portion, the new lesson will
What’s New be introduced to you in various
ways such as a story, a song, a
poem, a problem opener, an
activity
or a situation.
This section provides a brief
What is It discussion of the lesson. This aims
to help you discover and
understand new concepts and
skills.
This comprises activities for
What’s More independent practice to solidify
your understanding and skills of
the topic. You may check the
 answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the
module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in
to process that you learned from
the lesson.
This section provides an activity
What I Can Do which will help you transfer your
new knowledge or skill into real
life
situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to
Assessment evaluate your level of master in
achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity
Additional Activities will be given to you to enrich your
knowledge or skill of the lesson
learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts
This contains answers to all
Answer Key activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

This is a list of all sources used in

References
developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you
are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

BEGIN

Sculpture isthe art of making two- or three-dimensional representative or

abstract forms, especially by carving stone or wood or by casting metal or plaster.
Sculpture is created through three basic processes: carving, modeling, or assembly.
Generally, materials such as a block of wood, stone, and other hard materials are
used.

Like painting, Western sculpture has tended to be humanistic and naturalistic, concentrating upon the hum

Do you want to know the distinct characteristics of sculptures from Western classical art traditions? Read o

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

 characteristics of arts (
YOURIdentifies distinct
identifies sculpturesfrom different art pe
TARGETS

 WHAT I KNOW
GUESS WHAT?

TRY THIS!

Directions: On each of the blanks write whether the artwork from the different
era/period is a Painting or Sculpture.

1. 2. _ 3. _4. 5.

ow did you find the test?

e check your answers at the answer key section and see how you did. Don’t worry if you got a low score, this just means th
you can learn, from this module. So, hop on!
 WHAT’S IN
FILL IT UP!
DO THIS!

Directions: On the box are the names of sculpture. Fill up the table by categorizing
and writing the names of sculpture into different era/period they belong.

NAME OF SCULPTURE
Venus of BrassempouyThe Barberini Diptych
Myron, The DiscobolusQueen Nefertiti
Venus of WillendorfResurrection of the Virgin
Last JudgementThe Portonacio Sarcophagus
The Pharoah Menkaure and his QueenSarcopagus from Cervetiri

ANCIENT ERA/PERIOD CLASSICAL MEDIEVAL ERAPERIOD

ERA/PERIOD

Good job in finishing the activity!Please check your answers at the answer key section.
Please take time to process the information you acquired by accomplishing the next task.
Now, it’s your time to explore!
 WHAT’S NEW
PAIR IT UP!
EXPLORE

Directions: Match Column A with thatin Column B. In Column A are pictures of

the sculpture, while in Column B are the Name of each sculpture. On each of the
blanks write the letter of the correct answer.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

_1.
A. Resurrectionof the Virgin

B. The Barberini Diptych

C. Myron, The Discobolus

_2. D. Queen Nefertiti

E. The Portonacio Sarcophagus

Guide Questions:

_3. 1. Are you familiar with those pictures?

Why do you think you are familiar with
them?
__
__
__
_4. __
_
 2. What was your basis on matching up the
_5. name of the sculpture to the picture?
__
__
__
__
_

.
y section and if you got all the correct answer then you are on the right track!
ity are called sculptures. The lesson will teach you what are the distinct characteristics of sculptures from the Western class
will need the data in the next activities.

WHAT IS IT

KEEP THIS IN MIND

PRE – HISTORIC SCULPTURES

Materials use in sculptures varies according to region and locality. Archaeologists

believed that their sculpture is a result of natural erosion and not of human artistry.

Frequently carving may have mythological or religious significance.

Characteristics of the sculptures:

 The sculpture was portable and small.
 Images of humans, particularly the women, have enlarged sexual organs and
small feet and arms.
  Carving on cave walls use the natural modulation in the wall surface to
enhance the image.

Sample Artwork:
Venus of Willendorf
28, 000 B.C.E. –25, 000 B.C.E.

Paleolithic female figurine found in 1908 at Willendorf, Austria.

ved from limestone with excessively heavy breasts and abdomen as used as charm to ensure fertility.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_of_Willendorf

EGYPTIAN SCULPTURES
Symbolic Elements such as forms, hieroglyphics, relative size, location materials,
color, actions, and gestures were widely used. Their tombs required the most
extensive use of sculpture.

The most materials used for sculptures are wood, ivory, and stones.
Characteristics of the sculptures:
 Symbolisms were heavily used to represent the gods. They were represented
as composite creature with animal heads on human bodies.
 Relief compositions were arranged in horizontal lines to record an event or to
represent an action.
 Most of the time the gods were shown larger their followers, the dead larger
than the living.
 Empty spaces were filled with figures or hieroglyphics.
 All individual components were all brought to the plane of representation and
laid out like writing.

Sample Artwork:

Queen Nefertiti
18th Dynasty, 1375 – 1357 BC
istic with heavy lided eyes, slender neck, determined chin, and pure profile under her heavy crown.
bust is a painted stucco-coated limestone.
en Nefertiti, refers to the Great Royal Wife of
ptian Pharaoh Akhenate.
 GREEK SCULPTURES

Early Greek sculptures were tensed and stiff;their bodies were hidden within
enfolding robes. After three centuries of experiments, Greek sculptures had finally
evolved and showed all the points of human anatomy and proportion.

One of the most popular styles of the Greek sculptures was the Hellenistic style.

Characteristics of the sculptures:

 Hellenistic denotes a preference in sculpture for more elaborated patterns,
mannered, arrangement of figures and groups, and an emphasis on the
representation of movement for dramatic effects.
 Human being as the depiction of physical beauty and spiritual equilibrium.
 Sculpture was composed almost entirely of marble or bronze.
 Human beauty was the “canon”, and naked human body is the main subject.
Greeks build life-size statuesprimarily male, nude, well-muscled, anonymous, and blank-faced.

Sample Artwork:

Myron, TheDiscobolus
450 BC

hows an attitude of maximum tension, full of compressed energy, and about to explode an action.
Originally sculpted in bronzefiguring a youthful ancient Greek athlete throwing a discus.

ROMAN SCULPTURES

In addition to mythological works, the Romans produced a great volume of civic

sculpture celebrating statesmen and their achievements.

The Roman bust sculpture or portraiture is the most dominant genre.

 Characteristics of the sculptures:
 Sculpture is an evolution from naturalism to realism (showing the wrinkles, the
bulges, and ageing) which aim at glorifying authorities.
 The monumental altars, commemorative columns and triumphal arches were
excellent surfaces for decorative reliefs of the typical narrative style.
 Romans worked stone, precious metals, glass and terracotta but favored
bronze and marble above all else for their finest work.

Sample Artwork:
The PortonacioSarchophagus
Between 180 – 190 BCE

It is a box-like funeral receptacle for a dead body.

It depicts the battle scenes between Romans and Germans.
Carved in marble.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portonaccio_sarcophagus

BYZANTINE SCULPTURES

The Byzantine sculpture in the early days is more an extensions of the Hellenistic art,
were portraits of great impacting aesthetics drama were produced. Sculpture relief
was used to adorn magnificent palaces and Churches. It is the richest expression of
Christian dogma.

Characteristics of the sculptures:

 Sculpture was often done in ivory or precious metals.
 Used the triptych frequently, a three-paneled sculpture or painting.
 Known for its mosaics, a decoration using pieces of stone, marble or colored
glass that are cemented to wall or floor into a picture.
 The dominant features are religious, everyday life scenes, and motifs from
nature.
 Animal were used as symbols (dove, deer, peafowl) while some had
ACROSTIC signs that contained a great theological significance.
 Sample Artwork:

The Barberini Diptych

450 BC

arly example of Ivory work.

only near-complete leaf of an imperial diptych, representing the emperor as triumphant victor.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barberini_ivory

ROMANESQUE SCULPTURES

Some of famous sculptural pieces are reliquaries, altar frontals, crucifixes, and the
devotional images.

Small individual works of art were generally made of costly materials for royal and
aristocratic patrons. These lightweight devotional images were usually carried during
processions both inside and outside the churches.

Characteristics of the sculptures:

 They were not realistic; unrealistic human figures.
 Human figures may be elongated or squat and dumpy.
 They were painted in bright colors to attract the attention of the people.
 The sculptures were adapted to fit into space available in capitals and cloisters.
 Subject matter overwhelmingly religious.
Sample Artwork:
The Last Judgement
1130 CE

It is above the main portal to the Cathedral of Saint-Lazare in Autun, France.

The carving in stone was created in the mid-12th centuryby the French sculptor Gislebertus.
Christ is the center and largest figure by far further illustrating the artists wish to show His pow

https://www.christiancentury.org/article/art/last-judgment-gislebertus-ca-1130
 GOTHIC SCULPTURES

Gothic sculptures have a greater freedom of style. They no longer lay closely against
the wall, but begun to project outward. Figures were given their own particular
attitudes instead of being set into particular patterns and are more lively and realistic.

Characteristics of the sculptures:

 Sepulchres areone of the new locationsfor sculpture wherein a death person
depicted on the bed, laying or praying.
 Approximation to physical beauty from spiritual dimension of their iconography.
 Characters’ gestures and attitudes are human, and it represents emotions
and natural features.
 It is inspired in the nature with sensitive forms that can be easily understood.
 Gothic church has one compartment, pointed arches, and large windows.

Sample Artwork:

Resurrection of the Virgin

End of the 12th century
n of the Virgin, supporting her on her emergence from the tomb, that her soul was received by Christ upon her death.
irly complete as a whole.

https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Development_and_Character_of_Gothic_Architecture/Chapter_7

cteristics are, and how it represented in each era/period? Do you think you can use the data to identify the distinct charac
 WHAT’S MORE
FILL IT UP!
ENRICHMENT

Directions: Complete the needed information below using the following indicators.

PICTURE OF THE INDICATORS

ARTWORK
1.
Name of Sculpture: _
Era/Period: _ _ _
Materials Used:_ _
Distinctive Characteristic: _
_

2.
Name of Sculpture: _
Era/Period: _ _ _
Materials Used:_ _
Distinctive Characteristic: _
_

3.
Name of Sculpture: _
Era/Period: _ _ _
Materials Used:_ _
Distinctive Characteristic: _
_

4.
Name of Sculpture: _
Era/Period: _ _ _
Materials Used:_ _
Distinctive Characteristic: _
_
 5.
Name of Sculpture: _
Era/Period: _ _ _
Materials Used:_ _
Distinctive Characteristic: _
_

d the first part of this module. Please check your answers by referring to the answer key.
please go over the earlier part of this module and take on activities once again. If you scored 10 or above, please proceed w
ed with the succeeding activity, please share to the class your insights by answering the questions.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

REFLECT

Directions:Write your insights by answering the question.

1. What are the characteristics of sculptures that you choose to

consider from various periods?
a. Ancient Period: _
_
b. Classical Period:
_
c. Medieval Period:
_
 Pre-historic sculptures have very rich
y in understanding how the people in early age lived their lives.

res of the early age to some ancient Philippine sculptures and reflect how they have in common or how they can be associa

WHAT I CAN DO
APPLY WHAT YOU
HAVE LEARNED COMPARE IT!

Directions: Complete the needed information below.

A.
Egyptian Sculpture Ancient Philippine Sculpture

Manunggul Jar
Tutankhamen’s Inner Coffin 890–710 B.C.
18th Dynasty, c. 1323 B.C.E.
 A secondary burial jar excavated from
 It is inside a box-like stone container a Neolithic burial site in the
to hold the body of the king. Manunggul cave of the Tabon Caves
 Gold with inlay of enamel and at Lipuun Point in Palawan.
semiprecious stones.
Distinct Characteristics:
 B.
Pre-Historic Sculpture Ancient Philippine Sculpture

Venus of Willendorf Bul-ol

28, 000 B.C.E. –25, 000 B.C.E 15th Century

 Limestone height 4 ¾ “(11cm).  A carved wooden figure used to guard

the rice crop by the Ifugao peoples of
northern Luzon.
Distinct Characteristics:

Guide Questions:

1. If you are a sculptor, what subject would you want to create? Why?
_
_

2. What distinct characteristics of that sculptural design that will be visible in your
own creation?
_

Congratulations on finishing the

supplementary learning module! You have just had an amazing learning journey and for sure, you will have same in the
To evaluate what you have learned in this module, do the assessment. Good Luck!
 ASSESSMEN
T
CHOOSE ME!
EVALUATION

Directions:Identify what is asked or described in each item then write the letter of
the correct answer.

1. It is a fragmentary ivory figurine from upper Paleolithic era that realistically

represents the human face and hairstyle.

A. Venus of Willendorf
B. Queen Nefertiti
C. Venus of
Brassempouy
D.Myron;TheDiscobulus

2. This sculpture was carved in marble that depicts battle scenes between Romans
and Germans.

A. The Barberini Diptych

B. Resurrection of the Virgin
C. Sarcophagus from Cervetiri
D. The Portonacio Sarcophagus

3. Sepulchres are one of the new locations for Gothic sculpture wherein a death
person depicted on the bed, laying or praying. Which of the options is an example
of Gothic sculpture?

A. Last judgement
B. Resurrection of the Virgin
C. The Barberini Diptych
D. The Pharoah Menkaure and his Queen

4. What best describe the Byzantine sculpture, “The Barberini Diptych”?

A. It is a box-like funeral receptacle for a dead body.

B. Originally sculpted in bronze figuring a youthful ancient Greek athlete
throwing a discus.
C. An example of portraits presented in rigid postures .
D. An early example of Ivory works, and it represents the emperor as
triumphant victor.
 5. One of the famous artwork from the Romanesque Era is the “Last
Judgement".What characteristics best describe the artwork?

A. Christ is the center and largest figure by far further illustrating the artists
wish to show His power and glory.
B. It is sculpted entirely in bronze figuring a youthful ancient Greek athlete
throwing a discus.
C. Realistic with heavy lided eyes, sender neck, determined chin and
pure profile under her heavy crown.
D. It is a fragmentary ivory figurine from upper Paleolithic era that
realistically represents the human face and hairstyle.

Hi! How did you find the test?

Please check your answers at the answer key section.

To strengthen what you have learned in this module,perform the following additional tasks.

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES

REINFORCEMENT

Directions:Identify the artwork that has the characteristic described in the given
statements. On each of the blanks write the letter of the correct answer. Choose
youranswer from the rectangular box.

A. “Myron;TheDiscobulus“
B. “Queen Nefertiti”
C. “The Pharoah Menkaure and his Queen”
D. “Sarcophagus from Cervetiri”
E. “Venus of Willendorf”

_ 1.It is made of terracotta wherein a husband and wife are shown reclining
comfortably as if they were on a couch.
_ 2.It is carved from limestone with excessively heavy breasts and abdomen as
used as charm to ensure fertility.
 _ 3.It is originally sculpted in bronze figuring a youthful ancient Greek athlete
throwing a discus.
_ 4.It is an example of a stone portrait presented in rigid postures, and was
simple and powerful with very little show of the private emotion.
_ 5.This painted limestone bust refers to the Great Royal wife of the Egyptian
Pharaoh with heavy lided eyes, and profile under her heavy crown

REFERENCES
RESOURCES

A. Books
 A Journey Through Western Music and Arts 9 Learner’s Material by
Department of Education, pp. 153 - 158
B. Websites

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sculpture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_of_Willendorf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefertiti
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discobolus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portonaccio_sarcophagus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barberini_ivory
https://www.christiancentury.org/article/art/last-judgment-gislebertus-ca-1130
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Development_and_Character_of_Gothic_Archite
cture/Chapter_7 https://www.google.com/search?
q=characteristics+of+prehistoric+sculpture&s
ource=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiCq_LIj5PqAhUbMd4KHcyhD8UQ_
AUoAXoECBUQAw&biw=1024&bih=489
https://www.google.com/search?q=characteristics+of+greek+sculpture&sourc
e=lmns&bih=489&biw=1024&hl=en&ved=2ahUKEwjpsLCWjpPqAhU8y4sBHVyZ
AdEQ_AUoAHoECAEQAA
https://www.google.com/search?q=characteristics+of+roman+sculpture&sourc
e=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjP9KLZjpPqAhVWfXAKHTeaCXMQ_AU
oAXoECBUQAw&biw=1024&bih=489
https://www.google.com/search?q=characteristics+of+byzantine+sculpture&hl
=en&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjIpfaFkJPqAhVWVN4KHRgQ
CE4Q_AUoAXoECBEQAw&cshid=1592749996273033&biw=1024&bih=489
https://www.google.com/search?q=characteristics+of+romanesque+sculpture
&hl=en&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj7mZ-
3kJPqAhVZeXAKHcagAs8Q_AUoAXoECBMQAw&biw=1024&bih=489
https://www.google.com/search?q=characteristics+of+gothic+sculpture&hl=en
&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjT-
JnPkJPqAhWnUN4KHZ0TA3gQ_AUoAXoECBMQAw&biw=1024&bih=489
https://egypt-museum.com/post/187674486836/innermost-coffin-of-
tutankhamun#gsc.tab=0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manunggul_Jar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulul
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulul