NAMA : DINDA SITA DEVI

NIM : 10219020
PRODI: S1-KEPERAWATAN

Line 1 Objective: To determine whether low vitamin D concentrations are

associated with an increased risk of incident all-cause dementia and
Alzheimer disease.
Methods: One thousand six hundred fifty-eight elderly ambulatory adults free
from dementia, cardiovascular disease, and stroke who participated in the US
population
Line 6 based Cardiovascular Health Study between 1992–1993 and 1999 were
included. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were
determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry from blood
samples collected in 1992–1993. Incident all-cause dementia and Alzheimer
disease status were assessed during follow-up using National Institute of
Line 11 Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke/Alzheimer’s Disease
and Related Disorders Association criteria.
Results: During a mean follow-up of 5.6 years, 171 participants developed
all-cause dementia, including 102 cases of Alzheimer disease. Using Cox
proportional hazards models, the multivariate adjusted hazard ratios (95%
confidence interval [CI]) for
Line 16 incident all-cause dementia in participants who were severely 25(OH)D
deficient (,25 nmol/L) and deficient ($25 to ,50 nmol/L) were 2.25 (95% CI:
1.23–4.13) and 1.53 (95% CI: 1.06–2.21) compared to participants with
sufficient concentrations ($50 nmol/L). The multivariate adjusted hazard
ratios for incident Alzheimer disease in participants who were severely
Line 21 25(OH)D deficient and deficient compared to participants with sufficient
concentrations were 2.22 (95%CI: 1.02–4.83) and 1.69 (95%CI: 1.06–2.69).
In multivariate adjusted penalized smoothing spline plots, the risk of all-
cause dementia and Alzheimer disease markedly increased below a threshold
of 50 nmol/L.
Line 26 Conclusion: Our results confirm that vitamin D deficiency is associated with
a substantially increased risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer disease.
This adds to the ongoing debate about the role of vitamin D in nonskeletal
conditions.

Question :
The word determine (line 1) has closest meaning with ....
a. Assign
b. Asking
c. Look for
d. Knowing
The word hazard (line 15) has closest meaning with ....
a. Soft
b. Hard
c. Happy
d. Danger
The word “our” (line 26) refers to...
a. Reader
b. Patient
 c. Sample
d. Researcher
What can be infer from the passage above?
a. Vitamin D has association with dementia
b. Vitamin D has no correlation with dementia
c. The excess of Vit D were able to prevent dementia
d. Vit D deficiency were not increase the risk factor of dementia
nd
2 Reading

Robert Moog was an American inventor who developed the Moog Synthesizer. It was
one of the first synthesizers to gain widespread use as a musical instrument. Moog’s
synthesizers were an important pa Line of musical innovation in rock and jazz music
in the 1960s and 1970s. Robert Arthur Moog was born in Queens, a borough of New
York City 75 years ago. He became fascinated with electronics as a teenager,
particularly an early electronic music instrument called the theremin. Moog studied
physic and electrical engineering at Queens College and Columbia University, both
in New York City and later received a Ph.D. in engineering physic Cornel University
in Ithaca, New York. In 1954, while still an undergraduate student, Moog formed his
own company to sell theremins and theremin kits.
Soon after, Moog began working on a keyboard instrument that could replicate the
sound of any musical instrument electronically. Working with American composer
Herbert Deutsch, Moog introduced the prototype Moog Synthesizer at a convention
in 1964. The device represented a significant advance over previous electronic
synthesizer because of its use of new semiconductor technology, which
made it smaller and considerably cheaper than earlier machines. The Moog, as it
was known, was soon in demand by musician all over the world.
In 1964, Moog began a collaboration with American composer and organist Walter
Carlos (now Wendy Carlos), who released the bestselling electronic music album
Switched-On Bach in 1968. Rock groups such as the Beatles and Yes and jazz
musicians such as Herbie Hancock and Chick Corea began incorporating Moog
Synthesizer into their recordings, a trend that increased when the company
introduced the compact and portable Minimoog in 1970. A Moog Synthesizer was
also prominently featured on the soundtrack to the movie A Clockwork Orange in
1971. Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2008
1. The word “prominently” in paragraph 3 can easily be replaced by …
a. significantly
b. perfectly
c. accurately
d. excellently
2. The passage describes theremin as a/an …
a. prototype of Moog Synthesizer
b. initial electronic music instrument
c. musical instrument to replicate the sound
d. instrument of electronic tool
3. The pronoun “it” paragraph 2 refers to…
a. electronic synthesizer
b. a keyboard instrument
c. prototype of Moog Synthesizer
d. new semiconductor technology
4. According to the passage, all of the following are true about The Moog, Except…
a. it was invented by Robert Moog
b. it was first introduced in 1964
c. it initiated new technology which was smaller and cheaper than previous
 d. it was the first synthesizer in the world
5. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses…
a. collaboration between The Moog and other musicians
b. the description of compact and portable Mini Moog
c. the improvement of Moog Synthesizer
d. trend in the music industry about synthesizer