Assignment 1 - Solutions

1. Consider a band-limited music signal with bandwidth 16 KHz. Assuming Nyquist sampling and subsequent
quantization to 16 bits per sample, the data rate of the sampled and quantized stream will be
Nyquist sampling rate = 2 * BW = 2 * 16,000 = 32 ksamples/sec
Data rate = 32 ksamples/sec * 16 bits per sample = 512 kbps
\

2. For an analog signal with bandwidth 10 kHz, the Nyquist sampling rate will be
Nyquist sampling rate = 2 * BW = 2 * 10,000 = 20,000 samples/sec
3. Consider a cellular signal with carrier frequency fc = 1800 MHz . Compute the maximum Doppler frequency fD if
the transmitter is moving at 72 kmph.
Max. Doppler frequency =

4. Multipath delay spread is the difference in time of arrival of the first and last copy of the\ signal generated due to
multipath propagation. If we consider a two component multipath environment and the difference in the path length
traversed by the two paths is 900m, then the time difference between the two multipath components will be
Time difference =

5. A cellular signal is transmitted at a power level of 2 W. The power level in dBW and dBm are:

Power level = 10 log10 (2) = 3 dBW = (3 + 30) dBm = 33 dBm

6. If a WCDMA cellphone has a front-end receiver bandwidth of 10 MHz, and a Noise Figure F = 3 dB , the receiver
Thermal Noise floor in dBm is
( )
Thermal Noise Floor = 10 log10 (kTBF) = − 174 dBm + 10log10 107 + 3 dB
= -101 dBm
7. If a cdma2000 radio has a receiver thermal noise floor -134 dBW, and the receiver sensitivity is -100dBm, then
minimum signal-to-noise ratio to detect a signal is
Minimum SNR (dB) = Receiver Sensitivity – Thermal Noise Floor
= -100 dBm – (-134 dBW)
= -100 dBm – (-104 dBm)
= 4 dB
8. A cellular system is designed for a receiver sensitivity of -102 dBm. If the total path loss permitted is 112 dB, and a
fading margin of 20 dB, for a transmit power of -5dBW, the minimum receiver antenna gain must be
Rx Sensitivity (dB scale) = Transmitted Power – Path Loss – Fading Margin + Antenna Gain
-102 dBm = -5 dBW – 112 dB – 20 dB + Antenna Gain
-102 dBm = 25 dBm – 112 dB – 20 dB + Antenna Gain
-102 dBm = -107 dBm + Antenna Gain
Antenna Gain = 5 dB
9. Consider an IoT system with data rate 25.6 Kbps (using QPSK modulation) and GSM which uses GMSK (binary
modulation) signaling rate 270.833 Kbps. Assuming the same transmitted power, and receivers with same Noise Figure.
Estimate the difference in of the two systems
Assuming the same transmitted power, and receivers with same Noise Figure, the difference in received SNR is due to the
difference in the bandwidth used ⇒ Difference in the Thermal Noise Floor .

10. Consider an IoT system with data rate 25.6 Kbps (using QPSK modulation) and GSM which uses GMSK (binary
modulation) signaling rate 270.833 Kbps. Assuming the receivers with same Noise Figure, which of the following
statements is TRUE
No information is given regarding the transmitted power in the two cases (unlike Q9),
. So the comparison is not possible.
11. For the same battery capacity, rank the following devices in terms of longest battery life to the shortest battery life
(indicate the reasons):
A) 2-way Long Range IoT device (Rx and Tx, low rate) B) cordless telephone C) cellular phone D) one-way
communications device (Rx only)
(Hint: Transmit power depends on data rate and range)
b. D, A, B, C
One-way communication device (Rx only) does not involve any transmission, hence it has very low power consumption,
and hence it has the highest battery life. IoT devices have very low rate, which means they transmit and receive only
when necessary and be idle most of the time. Hence they have longer battery life than cordless and cellular phones. But
their power consumption is higher than one-way communication devices, so they have lower battery life than one-way
communication devices. Cordless phones have lower range compared to cellular phones, so they have lower power
consumption and hence longer battery life than cellular phones. So, the battery life ranking is: one-way communications
device (Rx only) > 2-way Long Range IoT device (Rx and Tx, low rate) > cordless telephone > cellular phone.
12. A cellular phone has a 3000 milli-Amp-hour (mAH) battery. Assume that the cellular phone draws 9 mA in idle mode
and 900 mA during a call. Approximately how long would the battery last if no call is made?
Current drawn if no calls made = 9 mA; battery life = 3000 mAH/ 9 mA = 333 hours
13. A cellular phone has a 3000 milli-Amp-hour (mAH) battery. Assume that the cellular phone draws 9 mA in idle mode
and 900 mA during a call. What is the approximate maximum possible talk time?
Current drawn during talk time = 900 mA; battery life = 3000 mAH / 900 mA = 3.33 hours
14. A cellular phone has a 3000 milli-Amp-hour (mAH) battery. Assume that the cellular phone draws 9 mA in idle mode
and 900 mA during a call. What is the approximate battery life (in hours) if the user makes a 5-min call every 3 hours ?
(Hint: Compute the average current drawn from battery)
Average current drawn if the user makes a 5-min call every 3 hours (180 mins) =

Battery life = 3000 mAH / 33.75 mA = 88.89 hours

15. A cellular phone has a 3000 milli-Amp-hour (mAH) battery. Assume that the cellular phone draws 9 mA in idle mode
and 900 mA during a call. What is the approximate battery life (in hours) if the user makes a 5-min call every hour ?
(Hint: Compute the average current drawn from battery)
Average current drawn if the user makes a 5-min call every hour (60 mins) =

Battery life = 3000 mAH / 83.25 mA = 36 hours

16. Consider three cellular systems, wherein the signal bandwidth for each system is indicated within brackets - GSM
(200 KHz), CDMA2000 (1.25 MHz) and WCDMA (5 MHz). Assuming that the base-stations transmit at same power
over the same distance, and that thermal noise is the only impairment. Which of the following statements is TRUE
about the carrier-to-noise ratio ( ) (signal power / noise power).
c. GSM better than WCDMA by 14 dB
Since thermal noise is the only impairment, C/N is inversely proportional to kTBF.S o,
a. WCDMA has the highest bandwidth B , so it has the worst C/N .
b.

So, the answer is c.

17. The GSM slot and frame structure are given in Slide 38 of handout. A user gets assigned\ one time slot per frame. It
was shown in the lecture that if a User is assigned one timeslot, the achieved data rate is 22.8 kbps. What would be the
user data rate if the 6 tail bits were converted to data symbols (in addition to the regular (114 bits) data fields)?
In case of regular 114 bits data fields, achieved rate is 22.8 kbps.
Converting 6 tail bits to data bits, there will be 114+6 = 120 bits data fields.
So, the achieved rate in this case is = 22.8*120/114 = 24 kbps.
In the lectures, the uplink and downlink frequency bands of different systems were discussed. For a GSM
system, the channel bandwidth is 200 KHz. The downlink frequency is at 940 MHz, then the uplink frequency
should be at 
895 MHz

An isotropic antenna is radiating at a frequency of 9MHz. What is the free space path loss at a distance of 4
kms from the transmitter antenna?
63.6 dB

Assuming Free space propagation model, If the transmit power is 100 mW and the received power is 10−9
mW, what is the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. The carrier frequency is 900 MHz.
8.39 km

Assuming Free Space propagation model, the transmit power is 100 mW and the received power is 10−8
mW. What is the carrier frequency if thedistance between the transmitter and the receiver antennas is 3 km?
795.8 MHz

The received power at the receiver is -90 dBm. The distance between the receiver and transmitter is 4 kms and
the wavelength of propagation is 0.5 meters. Assuming the free space propagation model, what is the
transmitted signal power?
10 dBm

Consider a transmitter antenna. The output power of the transmitter amplifier is 20 W and the transmit antenna
gain is 14 dB. The feeder attenuation is 5 dB. What is the EIRP (Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power)?
22 dBW

IEEE 802.11a (WLAN standard) uses 64 QAM modulation to achieve a data rate of 54 Mbps. Suppose an
Eb/N0 = 33 dB is required to achieve the target BER of 10−6. For this data rate, what is the sensitivity of the
receiver, if the noise figure = 8 dB.
-85.7 dBW

IEEE 802.11a (WLAN standard) uses 64 QAM modulation to achieve a data rate of 54 Mbps. Suppose an
Eb/N0 = 33 dB is required to achieve the target BER of 10−6. For this data rate, what is the sensitivity of
receiver, if receiver has implementation loss of 4 dB and noise figure of 8 dB?
-51.7 dBm

An ultra-wideband (UWB) radio system transmits at a power level of 1 mW using a BW of 1 GHz. Assume that
the transmitted power is uniformly spread over the utilized BW and that the UWB transmitter is at a distance of
40 m from a cellular phone. Evaluate if the interference spectral density (Watts/Hz)  caused by the UWB
transmitter to a cellular phone with NF = 8 dB is higher/lower than the Thermal Noise floor (N0). Assume that
UWB spectrum overlaps cellular band & isotropic antennas are used & free space propagation model can be
applied. Carrier frequency = 1.5 GHz
Interference spectral density is stronger than noise spectral density by 8 dB

Assuming Break-point propagation model, calculate the range over which signal can be transmitted securely
when the total path loss available is 150 dB. Carrier frequency is 900 MHz and breakpoint dbreak = 100 meters.
Path loss exponent is n = 3.5.
17.5 km
In the lectures, gain of a parabolic antenna was defined. Find the gain of a parabolic antenna with radius 2
meters and efficiency factor ƞ = 0.7. The carrier frequency is 900 MHz.

29.98 dBi

Consider a cascaded system consisting of three amplifiers blocks at the receiver. The gain and noise figures of
the three blocks are described below.G1 = 10 dB G2 = 20 dB  G3 = 50 dB F1 = 2 dB  F2 =
10 dB  F3 = 10 dB Find the overall Noise figure Foverall of the cascaded system 

3.97 dB

Let's say two towers A and B are "d" meter apart with tower A transmitting thrice as much power as B. There is
a user connected to tower A moving towards tower B. Find the distance from Tower B when the user observes
0 dB Signal to Interference ratio. Consider free space propagation i.e the path loss exponent = 2.

0.37d

In a city, cell planning is done with clusters of size 7. There are 100 channels available per cell. Each cluster
covers 4 sq.km area. If the city spans over 100 sq.km then calculate the capacity of the designed cellular
system.
17500

For questions 15 to 20 use the information described below. Consider a cellular network built with 7-cell
clusters, as described in the lectures. There is no interference across cells within a cluster, as two cells in a
cluster do not share the same channel. However, there is interference from neighbouring clusters that use the
same set of carrier frequencies but in a fashion that minimizes the maximum interference between two cells that
use the same frequency (Co-channel cells). Assume that the Base Station transmits at 1W power and a Free-
Space-Path-loss model: (4πdλ)2, R = 1km and Carrier frequency = 2.4 MHz (for the channel of interest) Do not
approximate unless stated otherwise, for Q15-20.
What is the co-channel reuse ratio for the cellular network? 
4.58

For the ‘worst case’ SIR due to only Tier-1 interferers, calculate the distance between user and the strongest
interfering base station
3.61 km

Calculate the ‘worst-case’ SIR due to only Tier-1 interferers, without any approximations.Hint: Use a slightly
different (u,v) coordinate system from the one described in class.
5.12 dB

What will be the ‘worst-case’ Tier-1 SIR if the path loss exponent increases to 4? Again, choose the closest
answer.
17.68 dB
Assume that a thermal noise (AWGN) of -54 dBm is added to the signal at the receiver (UE). What will be the
SINR of the user, considering only Tier-1 interferers with path loss exponent = 2.

5.12 dB
How will the SINR change for the above scenario, if the path loss exponent changes to 4?
SNR decreases to 3.72 dB