Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SDM - Workshop Book ws1
SDM - Workshop Book ws1
SDM - Workshop Book ws1
POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION
SDM/WS1/21
January 2021
CPPE lead programme developer
Shared decision making – online workshop 1 – Workshop book
2
Contents
Overall aim 6
Learning objectives 6
Activities 7
Appendices 20
References 27
3
Learning with CPPE
Shared decision making – online workshop 1 – Workshop book
The Centre for Pharmacy Postgraduate Education (CPPE) offers a wide range of learning opportunities
in a variety of formats for pharmacy professionals from all sectors of practice. We are funded by Health
Education England to offer continuing professional development for all pharmacists and pharmacy
technicians providing NHS services in England. For further information about our learning portfolio,
visit: www.cppe.ac.uk.
1 2 3
We recognise that people have different levels of knowledge and not every CPPE programme is suitable
for every pharmacist or pharmacy technician. We have created three categories of learning to cater for
these differing needs:
1 Core learning (limited expectation of prior knowledge)
2 Application of knowledge (assumes prior learning)
3 upporting specialties (CPPE may not be the provider and will direct you to other
S
appropriate learning providers).
This is a 2 learning programme and assumes that you already have some knowledge of the
topic area.
Revalidation
You can use this programme to support revalidation and your continuing professional development
(CPD). Consider what your learning needs are in this area. For more information about revalidation and
to record your entries, visit: www.mygphc.org
Keeping up to date
To ensure this learning resource is up to date we will review it every year. A CPPE programme manager
will check through the material to ensure the content is current and relevant, and that the quality of the
learning experience is maintained. You will find the latest version of this resource on the CPPE website.
Feedback
We hope you find this learning resource useful for your practice. Please help us to assess its value and
effectiveness by completing the feedback form at your event, or by emailing us at: feedback@cppe.ac.uk
4
About this CPPE workshop resource
This book will support your learning during the workshop and provide you with a useful reminder of
the notes you have taken and the plans you have made. We have included activities at the workshop
to stimulate your thinking around shared decision making and help you to make this part of every
consultation.
The workshop will last for six and a quarter hours, with a one hour lunch break.
5
Overall aim
Shared decision making – online workshop 1 – Workshop book
The aim of this online workshop is to support you to apply the first two principles of the Three-talk
model - ‘team talk’ and ‘option talk’ - into your practice. This was covered in units 1 to 4 of the e-course
and is key to developing a shared-decision making approach.
Learning objectives
You can use our programmes to support you in building the evidence that you need for the different
competency frameworks that apply across your career. These will include your progression through the
membership stages of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society (RPS) Faculty.
As you work through the programme consider which competencies you are meeting and the level at which
you meet these. What extra steps could you take to extend your learning in these key areas?
After completing all aspects of this online workshop, you should be able to:
n use appropriate narrative, body language and actions which promote trust and build rapport during the
‘team talk’ and ‘option talk’ components of your consultations
n compare tools and techniques that can support you in understanding the patient’s perspective and
issues
n critique different methods used to communicate risks and benefits in the consultation
n describe how a decision aid can be used in practice
n examine consultations using observation and peer discussion
n apply option talk in your consultations to support informed choice.
6
Activities
LANE, Eric (Mr) Born: 10 Feb (52 years old) Gender: Male
Medicines Acute
(one year ago) Co-amoxiclav 625 mg tablets, one three times
a day, 21 tablets
Repeat
(started two years ago) Lisinopril 20 mg, one at night, 28 tablets,
issued last week
As you watch the consultation between Eric and Louis consider the following questions:
1. What went well in the consultation? (Illustrate your answer with the phrases that Louis
uses and behaviours that he displays.)
7
Shared decision making – online workshop 1 – Workshop book
2. What could be improved? (Illustrate your answer with the phrases that Louis uses and
behaviours that he displays.)
3. H
ow does this consultation compare to your style and technique? (Illustrate your answer
with the phrases that Louis uses and behaviours that he displays.)
8
Activity 2 – Reviewing the consultation
1. What verbal and non-verbal cues did Eric give that suggested that he might have had
something else to say?
9
Shared decision making – online workshop 1 – Workshop book
3. What could Louis do differently to ensure that Eric is comfortable to share his concerns?
4. If you were the pharmacist speaking with Eric what specific behaviours, words and
phrases would you use during the consultation to make it more person-centred? You may
want to refer back to your answers to Activity 1 and your Words and phrases bank that
you complied as part of your Learning journal – units 1 to 4.
10
Activity 3 – A second chance at the consultation
11
Activity 4 – Preparing for option talk
Shared decision making – online workshop 1 – Workshop book
At this point we have looked at building rapport, clinical empathy and LICEF and
we will focus on the final block in the first level of our framework – identifying
issues as this will help us to prepare for the focus of this activity – option talk. Identifying
Now that we know what Eric’s real concern is, we can move on to thinking about issues
his issues.
12
Part 2: Helping Eric to overcome his issues
Supporting information:
Taken from the NICE Clinical Knowledge summary Hypertension – not diabetic.1
Hypertension is the single biggest risk factor for cardiovascular disease and related disability. At least
half of all heart attacks and strokes are associated with hypertension.
The risk associated with increasing blood pressure is continuous, with each 2 mmHg rise in systolic
blood pressure associated with a 7 percent increased risk of mortality from ischaemic heart disease and
a 10 percent increased risk of mortality from stroke.
Correction of high blood pressure (by drug treatment or modification of lifestyle factors) reduces
these health risks. A systematic review and meta-analysis found that, in the populations studied, every
10 mmHg reduction in blood pressure resulted in
Advantages: treatment with lisinopril is already established, Eric’s blood pressure has been well
controlled, his dizziness has now stopped and impotence is uncommon with lisinopril.
Disadvantages: the risk of undesirable effects from lisinopril does not change.
Supporting information from Lisinopril 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg tablets - Information for the
user: Likelihood of impotence with lisinopril: uncommon – between 1 and 10 in every 1000.2
Option 3 Overleaf
2
13
Shared decision making – online workshop 1 – Workshop book
Disadvantages: risk of undesirable effects from alternative medicine, will need to become familiar
with new medicine. Blood tests are usually needed with ARBs and diuretics.3
Supporting information:
Medicine class
ARB CCB Diuretic
Now that you have looked at the options available to Eric, consider the following questions:
14
Shared decision making – online workshop 1 – Workshop book
2. What else you need to do to ensure that you are supporting Eric’s decision making? You
may want to think about the tools and techniques that you looked at in the e-course?
- Make sure he is well-informed
- Decision aid
- safety-netting, red flags, follow-up to come back
3. What specific behaviours, words and phrases would you use? You may want to refer to
your Words and phrases bank that you complied as part of your Learning journal –
units 1 to 4.
15
Activity 5 – Option talk
Shared decision making – online workshop 1 – Workshop book
We will now be returning to the consultation at the point where Eric has revealed his main concern. Now
we will be moving on to option talk and working through the choices that are available to Eric.
16
Activity 6 – Role-play instructions
You have:
n 5 minutes to prepare for the consultation
n 10 minutes to undertake the consultation
n 15 minutes to go through feedback
You should decide who is playing the pharmacist as quickly as possible to allow
plenty of time to prepare for the scenario.
Read your brief which can be found on one of the following pages. You can access them by clicking the
links below or turning to the relevant page:
Page 22: Scenario 1 Eleanor Rice – pharmacist’s brief – option to refer to a decision aid
Page 23: Scenario 2 Elliot Byers – pharmacist’s brief
Page 24: Scenario 3 Romy Groves – pharmacist’s brief
Page 25: Scenario 4 Gordon Christie – pharmacist’s brief – option to refer to a decision aid
Page 26: Scenario 5 John Rogers – pharmacist’s brief
When you are directing the feedback you should use Pendleton’s rules:7
1. Ask the pharmacist what they did well. Ensure that they identify the strengths of the performance and
do not stray into weaknesses.
2. Ask the actor when they are in role as the patient what they thought went well.
3. D
iscuss what went well, adding your own observations. Again, keep to the strengths. Ask the actor to
share their thoughts out of role.
4. Ask the pharmacist to say what went less well and what they would do differently next time.
5. Ask the actor, when they are in role as the patient, to say what went less well and could be done
differently next time.
2
6. D
iscuss what went less well, adding your own observations and recommendations. Ask the actor to
share their thoughts out of role.
17
Activity 7 – Role-play debrief
Shared decision making – online workshop 1 – Workshop book
We will now hear from the actors who played the patients in the role-play session. If they speak about
specific behaviours, words and phrases you may want to make a note of these below.
18
Activity 8 – Next steps/Action planning
1.
2.
3.
19
Appendices
Shared decision making – online workshop 1 – Workshop book
LOUIS: This may feel a little strange doing this online. Do let me know if you have any trouble seeing
and hearing me at any point. Can you confirm you full name and date of birth please?
LOUIS: Great, so Eric, we’ve invited you in today to complete an annual review of your blood
pressure medicines. Does that sound okay?
LOUIS: Okay Eric, I can see from your record that you take lisinopril. Is there anything else that you
take?
ERIC: Nope.
LOUIS: I can see from your notes that you have been measuring your own blood pressure at home.
Do you have a reading from today?
LOUIS: 140 over 88. Just about in range, Eric. It’s gone up a bit from your last review though. Can
you think why that could be?
ERIC: Erm…
LOUIS: Right, yes, that could have contributed. And how about exercise? Are you finding time for
that?
ERIC: Yes, I’ve been getting out to play golf as much as I can on the weekends. Been trying to walk
more day to day as well.
ERIC: Yes, all good, I’ve been avoiding salt. Eating as much veg as I can.
LOUIS: Great. So with your blood pressure we aim for under 140/90 to give you the best results, and
you are just within that range.
LOUIS: Good. Has someone been through the effects of high blood pressure with you?
LOUIS: That’s right. I think that the plan going forward should be to see you again in about six
months just to check that your blood pressure hasn’t crept up any further. How does that
sound to you?
ERIC: Okay.
20
LOUIS: Great, I’ll get that booked in for you now and you will be sent the confirmation. Would you
21
Appendix 2 – Pharmacists’ briefs
Shared decision making – online workshop 1 – Workshop book
You know that she booked into your clinic this morning but do not know what she has come to talk to
you about.
n Norgeston (levonorgestrel 30 micrograms) ONE daily, 210 (35x6) issued five months ago.
This is her only medicine, she has no health issues and her blood pressure has always been in range
during past appointments.
Eleanor has access to, but is not familiar with, The Contraception Choices website’s What’s right for
me? decision aid. You may or may not want to refer to this during the consultation. If you would like
Eleanor to look at this decision aid whilst you are talking to her please say “I’ve just sent you a link to
something called a decision aid, please open it up.” (You don’t need to send this link in real life as the
actor will have access to it.)
After around ten minutes one of your colleagues, who will be acting as an observer, will stop the
consultation to allow time to feed back.
When you are ready, start the consultation as you would do in your day-to-day practice.
22
Scenario 2 Elliot Byers – pharmacist’s brief
Elliot is meeting you for a review as he has just been discharged from hospital after an infective
exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
He had his inhaler technique checked in hospital and he can use his current inhalers well.
The hospital consultant suggested switching from the Seretide to a triple therapy inhaler in Elliot’s
discharge letter. This is in line with NICE guidance.8 Your practice prescribes Trelegy Ellipta (dry
powder – fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol).
After around ten minutes one of your colleagues, who will be acting as an observer, will stop the
consultation to allow time to feed back.
When you are ready, start the consultation as you would do in your day-to-day practice.
23
Scenario 3 Romy Groves – pharmacist’s brief
Shared decision making – online workshop 1 – Workshop book
You are undertaking a video call with Romy Groves (played by the actor), a residential home resident, to
talk about one of her medicines. The residential home staff have set up the video for Romy.
Romy has been discharged from hospital after a urinary tract infection (UTI). Her date of birth is 20
May, she is 83 years old. (For the purposes of this consultation please take the day and birth month as
identification.)
Her main health issue is heart failure and she has full capacity to make decisions. She was discharged a
week ago and has no residual confusion from the UTI.
The only change to her medicines on discharge is that she is now prescribed furosemide 20 mg tablets
for congestive symptoms. In an earlier call to set up this consultation, her carer explained that she is
deciding whether or not she wants to take this new pill.
Before you speak to Romy you check the rest of her prescription, acknowledge that her current
medicines are appropriate (based on her notes and test results) and decide that you don’t have anything
else that you feel needs to be discussed.
After around ten minutes one of your colleagues, who will be acting as an observer, will stop the
consultation to allow time to feed back.
When you are ready, start the consultation as you would do in your day-to-day practice.
24
Scenario 4 Gordon Christie – pharmacist’s brief
You know that he has been booked into your clinic as he has high blood pressure.
His records show that he attended a nurses’ appointment two weeks ago. They arranged for ambulatory
blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and saw Gordon for a follow up appointment, where they talked
through the peaks in blood pressure and compared it to Gordon’s diary. When they analysed the results
they found that Gordon’s daytime average blood pressure was above 150/95 mmHg and made the
referral to you.
Gordon has been signposted to the following decision aid. You may or may not want to refer to it
during the consultation: How do I control my blood pressure? Lifestyle options and choice of
medicines Patient decision aid.
n Ramipril 10 mg at night
n Amlodipine 10 mg at night
These are his only medicines, he has no other health issues. He has normal renal function and his
biochemistry results have always been in range.
After around ten minutes one of your colleagues, who will be acting as an observer, will stop the
consultation to allow time to feed back.
When you are ready, start the consultation as you would do in your day-to-day practice.
25
Scenario 5 John Rogers – pharmacist’s brief
Shared decision making – online workshop 1 – Workshop book
You have just welcomed John Rogers (played by the actor) into your consultation room. His date of
birth is 13 April, he is 54 years old. (For the purposes of this consultation please take the day and birth
month as identification.)
You know that he booked into your clinic this morning but do not know what he has come to talk to
you about.
His records show that he has no medicines prescribed and no significant medical history.
After around ten minutes one of your colleagues, who will be acting as an observer, will stop the
consultation to allow time to feed back.
When you are ready, start the consultation as you would do in your day-to-day practice.
26
References
3. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Patient decision aid: how do I control my blood pressure?
August 2019. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng136/resources/how-do-i-control-my-blood-
pressure-lifestyle-options-and-choice-of-medicines-patient-decision-aid-pdf-6899918221
8. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Guideline 115. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
in over 16s: diagnosis and management. July 2019. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng115/
27
Contacting CPPE
For information on your orders or bookings, or any general
enquiries, please contact us by email, telephone or post. A
member of our customer services team will be happy to help
you with your enquiry.
Email
info@cppe.ac.uk
Telephone
0161 778 4000
By post
Centre for Pharmacy Postgraduate Education (CPPE)
Division of Pharmacy and Optometry
1st Floor, Stopford Building
The University of Manchester
Oxford Road
Manchester M13 9PT