RAISE ORGANIC CHICKEN

Select healthy stocks

Types, Breeds and Strains of Chicken

CONTENTS
1. Types, breeds and strains of chicken
2. Characteristics of desirable and undesirable strains for organic chicken
3. Selection of healthy chicks based on industry acceptable in PNS-Organic Agriculture-
Livestock and GAHP Guidelines
4. Culling parameters
5. Housing equipment

There are at least seven strains of Philippine native chickens.

• Darag from Panay
• Banaba from Batangas
• Bolinao from Pangasinan
• Boholano from Bohol
• Camarines from Bicol
• Paraoakan from Palawan
• Zampen from Zamboanga Peninsula
DR. SYNAN S. BAGUIO, OIC Livestock Research Division, PCAARRD.

PAROAKAN
• Native
• Broiler type
• From Palawan and MIMAROPA Region
• Tall and slender body
• Feisty. Often used as game fowls
• Has tender and flavourful meat
• Black with brown and red feathers
• Strong immune system

DARAG
• Native
• Broiler Type
• From Panay Island and Visayas Region
• Meat is tastier than Paraoakan (claimed as the
most delicious chicken meat in the whole
Philippines
• Have red, black, orange feathers
• Average size (1.5-2kg live weight)
• Strong immune system

BANABA
• Native
• Broiler type
• From CALABARZON Region
• Bigger in size compared to Paraoakan and Darag
• Strong immune system

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SASSO
• Foreign (France)
• Broiler and Layer type
• Brown to light brown feathers
• Plump and short bodies
• Rarely flies. Often grounded
• Tasty and tender meat
• Egg Color: Brown

WHITE LEG HORN

• Foreign (Tuscany, Italy)
• Broiler and Layer type
• Popularly known as the “45-day old” chicken
• Egg Color: White

RHODE ISLAND
• Foreign (Rhode Island, USA)
• Layer type
• Short but big bodied
• Produces Large sized eggs
• Egg color: Brown
• Mostly grey, sometimes brown feathers

CHINESE CHICKEN (ULIKBA, SILKIES)

• Foreign (China, India, South east asia
• Broiler type
• Highly expensive
• The chinese believe that it’s meat has medicinal
properties
• Has white feathers but meat and bones are all black
• Short and puffy bodies
• Calm and friendly

• Characteristics of desirable and undesirable strains for organic chicken

 • Selection of healthy chicks based on industry acceptable in PNS-Organic Agriculture-
Livestock and GAHP Guidelines

CONTENTS
• Types, breeds and strains of chicken
• Characteristics of desirable and undesirable strains for organic chicken
• Selection of healthy chicks based on industry acceptable in PNS-Organic
Agriculture-Livestock and GAHP Guidelines
• Culling parameters
• Housing equipment

SELECTING HEALTHY STOCKS

• A successful chicken farm begins with a good breed (Genetic)
– Breed that is adopted to the local environment
– Predictable outcome in weight or eggs
– Sourced at a reliable breeder

Philippine National Standards (Minimum

Requirements for animal production)
Breeds and breeding
• Indigenous/Native breed
should be preserved and promoted
• Breeding to consider the following traits
– Reasonable productivity level
– Adaptability to local conditions
– Longevity, temperament and
good health
– Provides good quality traits and
products

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– Give birth with minimal veterinary attention

Breeds and breeding
• Use of artificial insemination is allowed
• Breeding technique that are NOT ALLOWED
– Embryo transfer
– Genetic engineering
– Treatments with reproductive hormone
– Semen sexing
• Use of genetically engineered species not allowed
Culling Parameters
Culling
- Is the process of eliminating undesirable birds which do not possess the qualities for
giving enough benefit in return for their culture.
- An important aspect because un-culled stocks may give serious set back to the farmer
- Is a continuous operation
- It saves feed, prevent spread of disease and bring uniformity to stock

HOUSING EQUIPMENT
• Feeding Troughs
• Waterers
• Containers for Concoctions

CONTENTS
• Types, breeds and strains of chicken
• Characteristics of desirable and undesirable strains for organic chicken
• Selection of healthy chicks based on industry acceptable in PNS-Organic Agriculture-
Livestock and

GAHP Guidelines
• Culling parameters
• Housing equipment
 INCUBATOR –
INDUSTRIAL
• An incubator is a device simulating avian incubation by
keeping eggs warm at a particular temperature range and in
the correct humidity with a turning mechanism to hatch
them. 

CANDLER --- Candling

A method used in the incubation process to determine whether
the embryo inside the egg is developing or not. This helps breeder farms to measure the
fertility rate of their stocks

Candling Schedule
• Candling Schedule of Chicken eggs
– 7th day

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– 12th day
– 18th day

SET UP CAGE EQUIPMENT

CONTENTS
• Characteristics of a suitable site
• Housing designs and housing materials/equipment specifications
• In door/Out door space requirements
• Brooding facility
• PNS, Animal Welfare Act, Good Animal Husbandry Practices (GAHP), DENR, government
zoning ordinances
• Local materials for chicken house and ranging area

Site Selection
 Location should be well drained and placed the
higher portions of the land, provide fencing
 Near the caretakers bunkhouse
 Cool shady area; cooler the better
 Near electricity and water source as much as
possible
 Away from neighbours
 East west conformation
 Safe from predators like rats, cats, dogs, ants, birds,
snakes
BROODING FACILITY

CONTENTS
• Characteristics of a suitable site
• Housing designs and housing materials/equipment specifications
• In door/Out door space requirements
• Brooding facility
• PNS, Animal Welfare Act, Good Animal Husbandry Practices (GAHP), DENR, government
zoning ordinances
• Local materials for chicken house and ranging area

BROODING FACILITY
• Brooding cage
• Heat source
• Flooring

BROODING
• Proper brooding is very important for a productive chicken
• Very Critical in unlocking the good desirable genetics
• First 30 days is important that the digestive system, framing, organs, immune system
etc. are properly set into place
Source: Dr. Erwin Cruz 1

SPACE REQUIREMENT
Day 1-7 = 1.5 to 2 square meter per 100
chicks
Day 7-14 = Increase the area by 1 square
meter
Day 14-21 = Increase the area by 1.5
square meter

SHAPE OF BROODING AREA

• Circular shape is recommended, as there
will be no corners where chicks will not pile
up during stampede that may result to
injury or death

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• If you will be using rectangular cage, put a G.I sheet

curves at the corners to prevent chicks from being
pinned down.

HEAT SOURCE
Per 100 chicks
• Incandescent light bulb = 2 x 50 watts
(1 watt per chick)
• 2 x 18 Inch Heater steel pipe = 2 pc
• Long neck bottle = 4 pc
• Charcoal (1 gallon paint can) = 1 pc
• Charcoal (1 small palayok) = 1 pc
You must place/operate the heaters 1 hour before the arrival of chicks

BEDDINGS
• Bedding should be about
4-5 inch thick
• Place a newspaper 5-6
pages before the arrival
of chicks, to protect the
feet from sharp edges of
the bedding. Remove the
newspaper after 4-5
days.

Caring and Feeding

From 1 to 21 Days
• Waterers and feeders must be cleaned daily.
• Feeding is unlimited (Ad libitum)
• Change water daily
• Feeding trays and drinking canisters MUST NEVER BE EMPTY for the 1st 21 days!

FEED CHICKEN

CONTENTS
• Principles of feeding
• Feed materials comply with PNS
• Kinds and characteristics of acceptable feed materials (sources for protein, carbohydate,
mineral resources)
• Preparation of feeds
• Advantages and disadvantages of different feeding management practices
 • PNS recommendations for feed materials
• Feed recording and inventory management
• Principles of 5S
• Principles of 3Rs

Feeds and Feeding

• Proper nutrition is essential in keeping birds healthy and productive.
• Chicken feeds account for more than 80 percent of the cost of poultry production.
• Making your own feeds cuts down the costs while increasing your profit margin.

Classification of Feeds
• Concentrates –Feeds low in fiber (<20%) and high in Total Digestible Nutrient (TDN,
>60%)
• Roughages - Feeds high in fiber (>20% CF) and low in Total Digestible Nutrient (TDN,
<60%)

CONCENTRATE
Energy sources (“Go”)
(Carbohydrates) Protein sources (“Grow”)
• Cereal grains • Plant origin
- Corn, rice, wheat, barley - Copra meal, soybean meal, ipil-ipil leaf
• By-products meal, etc.
- Rice bran, rice middling • Animal origin
• Liquid energy source - Fish meal, meat meal, blood meal, etc.
- Molasses, oil
Examples of concentrates
Mineral supplements
• Bone meal
• Egg shell 1% of the total ration
• Salt

Feed formulation

Sample Formulated feeds (Costales Nature

farm formulation)

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FEEDING
PRACTICES

Herbal Treatment for Colds

Preparation:
1. Boil the ingredients together (5 mins)
2. Cool down and extract the liquid
3. 6AM-10AM: Withdraw the supply of normal drinking water of the chickens
4. 10AM: Mix 1 tbsp of herbal mix for every liter of water and give it to all the chickens.
Resume giving normal drinking water afterwards.
5. 2PM-4PM: Withdraw the supply of normal drinking water again
6. 4PM: Mix 1 tbsp of herbal for every liter of water and give it to all the chickens. Resume
giving normal drinking water afterwards.
7. Repeat the process for 5 days
SIPON
• Malungkot ang mga alaga = ayaw kumain
• Naka-kipkip ang ulo sa pakpak
• May sipon na lumalabas sa ilong o pag pinisil
• May amoy ang bibig

HERBAL PROGRAMS
• Against Common colds and Lungkot of chickens
• Chickens must be observed always
• Check the ones that stays in the dark corners even if feeds are provided
• Must be administered immediately
• Preparation must be fresh
• First medication given over antibiotics

What is Herbal supplementation?

• The concept of utilizing herbal plant products in preventing common diseases in Free-
range poultry production
• It is basically geared towards increasing the natural overall immune system of the
animal

Pag Gamot ng Sipon o pag malunkot

ang alaga
• Uhawin ang mga alaga mula 6 am
to 10 am
• Mag prepara ng herbal solution
• Ipainom ang solution unahin ang WALANG SAKIT
• asikasuhin ang walang sakit muna
• Ibukod ang mga mahihina at bigyan sa bibig ng tig 1- 5 ml depende sa edad o laki ng
manok
• Bigyan ng tubig ang mga may sakit 5ml gamitan ng lumang plastic syringe
• Bigyan ang may sakit 2 X a day for 5 days
• Uhawin ulit ang alaga ng 1-3 pm at bigyan ng herbal
• Sa pagitan pag naubos ang herbal, bigyan ng palin water or malunggay water solution

Herbal Solution
• Mag prepara ng tig kalahating tasang: sile labuyo, dahon ng oregano, sibuyas, bawang,
paminta, Lagundi
• Dikdikin at haluan ng 1 kutsarang brown sugar at 2 tasang tubig
• Kung malapot ang sipon o Halak, mag halo ng 2 kutsarang carbocistein “solmux”
• Ito ang base solution = hindi ito pinaiinom ng puro
• Kumuha ng 4 na kutsara ng base solution sa isang litrong tubig
• Ipainom itong herbal solution sa manok
• Posibleng gumamit ng antibiotic kung malala na ang sakit= Tri sulfa, gentamycin or
nrofloxacin 7 days

GROW AND HARVEST CHICKEN

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CONTENTS
• PNS for Organic Agriculture– Livestock
• Animal Welfare Act
• GAHP
• Health care program
• Dealing with organic waste
• Market specifications