Ma. Kristel J.

Orboc PhD-RE February 19, 2021

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Legal and Ethical Issues in Education

(EDUC 304)
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Philippine Constitution of 1987

Article XIV
Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports

The State must provide quality education for all and does everything to reach out the
farthest community to educate each citizen of the country for free as much as possible.
Provision for formal and informal education in all kinds of citizen must be offered to
respond to the needs of each individual and the society. All educational institutions
public, private, sectarian or non-sectarian must include the study of constitutions and
religion to promote nationalism, patriotism and inculcate values. Teaching and non-
teaching personnel have their own role to be educator on their own way. Everybody is
free to choose the course to be taken up in college as long as it is within its ability and
capacity.

Section 2. The State shall:

(1) Establish, maintain, and support a complete, adequate, and integrated system of
education relevant to the needs of the people and society;

- We believe that acquiring quality education and having a degree will uplift our
quality of living thus providing integrated system of education relevant to the
needs is essential.

(2) Establish and maintain a system of free public education in the elementary and
high school levels. Without limiting the natural right of parents to rear their
children, elementary education is compulsory for all children of school age;

- Everything will start from basic education in order to acquire additional and
complex knowledge hence elementary education is compulsory. Further; in order
 to have access to education for all, the government decided to have public schools
for our less fortunate countrymen.

(3) Establish and maintain a system of scholarship grants, student loan programs,
subsidies, and other incentives which shall be available to deserving students in
both public and private schools, especially to the underprivileged;

- Our government and even private sectors merit deserving students by giving them
access to quality higher education to help them build their dreams in spite the lack
of financial resources.

(4) Encourage non-formal, informal, and indigenous learning systems, as well as self-
learning, independent, and out-of-school study programs particularly those that
respond to community needs; and

(5) Provide adult citizens, the disabled, and out-of-school youth with training in
civics, vocational efficiency, and other skills.

Generally, section 2 tackles on quality education for Filipino citizens particularly

those who are less fortunate. While providing that education is the primary responsibility
of the State, international human rights law also recognizes that education may be
provided by non-State actors such as religious institutions, non-government
organizations, foundations and even proprietary entities. Indeed, when education is
delivered in these non-State actors, it cannot be demandable.

With these; TES (Tertiary Education Subsidy), Tulong-Dunong, and DOST

scholarship are being granted to qualified and deserving students to have access on
higher education. All of the aforementioned grants, applicants will accomplish all the
necessary requirements and will be screened by a committee to be fair to all applicants.
Few of the qualifications are;

a. must be a bonafide Filipino citizen

b. combined gross income of both parents must not exceed Php300,000.00
c. a high school graduate
d. for DOST – must pass an examination prepared by CHED
 In Lapu-Lapu City College where I am teaching our school is a free tuition college
in which our students are enjoying the scholarship program which is the TES. Below is
an evidence of the said scholarship program.

As an educator or a college instructor; I can say that it will be beneficial in my part

having scholar students, because they are self-directed and motivated since they don’t
want to lose the scholarship given to them.

On the other hand, the national language of the Philippines is "Filipino and it must
be learned further than other language evolves within the country. English is provided
to facilitate instruction and further communication. Other languages such as Spanish and
Arabic shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis. Researches must lead to
development and preservation of "Filipino and other languages.
Section 6.

The national language of the Philippines is Filipino. As it evolves, it shall be further

developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages.

Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government
shall take steps to initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official
communication and as language of instruction in the educational system.

This is implemented to promote patriotism. Primarily, mother tongue

education focuses on the development of speaking, reading, and writing from Grades 1
to 3 in the mother tongue. As a medium of instruction, the mother tongue is used in all
learning areas from Kinder to Grade 3 except in teaching Filipino and English subjects.
The purpose of a multilingual education program is to develop appropriate cognitive and
reasoning skills, enabling children to operate equally in different languages – starting
with the first language of the child.

Further, as we witnessed in today’s generation, millennials are very well

conversant in other languages compared to Filipino language. Also, in secondary and
tertiary education some teachers, use local dialect or the English language in teaching
Filipino subject. As an educator, it must start from us, we must showcase our excellent
superb ability in using Filipino language during class discussion to encourage students
to do the same. And since our government gives importance to Filipino language, they
implemented the Philippine Bilingual Education Policy (or the BEP) stating that in
teaching Filipino, all in the classroom must use Filipino language, and if its English
subject, they will use English language.

And as a college instructor teaching Filipino subjects; I inculcate this BEP to my

students and encourage them to be well conversant in Filipino language. Also, I informed
them that in other countries like Australia, some Australians enrolled in Filipino class
and pay dollars just to learn our language, how much more we, that are naturally born
Filipinos. Thus, as a Filipino we must genuine in using and promulgating our own
language.
Source:

➢ The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-
republic-of-the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-
philippines-article-xiv/?fbclid=IwAR10lGVowOLnFp-
aWCcrTkSFWy8PNgFpR0dCP3O_hFYY5AYIx6y1vcjIQIU

➢ Language Policies in the Philippines

http://gwhs-stg02.i.gov.ph/~s2govnccaph/subcommissions/subcommission-on-
cultural-disseminationscd/language-and-translation/language-policies-in-the-
philippines/?fbclid=IwAR1aED8UGSu4XQfDtjE8XVAye27nhFA6NTtyMKTlO1u
nMdISrvds6Q-zmmI