Chapter 2 – Analyzing Polynomial and Rational Functions ​Answer

Key
2.1 ​Methods for Solving Quadratic Functions

Answers
1. ​a) standard form
b) vertex form
c) factored form.

2. ​x = {7, -2}
3. ​x = 2
4. ​x = {-1/2, -3/2}

5. ​ ,
6. ​x = {4, -4}

7. ​ ,
8. ​An equation with a power of 4 can often be FOILed and you can then solve each
binomial
and get your answers for the equation. So it is possible to use quadratic methods on an
equation with a power of 4.

9. ​x = {2, 4}
10 ​x = {4, 8}
11. ​x = {2, -4}
12. ​
13. ​

14. ​

15. ​
16. ​The discriminant is positive
17. ​The discriminant is zero
18. ​The discriminant is negative.

2.2 ​Graphs of Quadratic Functions

Answers
1. The graph of a quadratic is a parabola
2. A parabola opens up if is positive
2. A parabola opens up if is positive
3. If the coefficient of is positive in , the parabola opens right
4. The vertex is the extreme point of a parabola
5. The line of symmetry divides a parabola in two symmetrical parts
6. The graph is a parabola with the vertex at (0, 3)
7. The parabola opens down, with the vertex at (2, 0)
8. The parabola opens up, is narrower than the reference, and has a vertex at (-2, -8)
9. a) The parabola opens down b) The vertex is at (-1, 2) c) It is not stretched
10. is the narrowest
11.

12.

13.

14.
15.

16. Maximum height is 11.25yds

17. At max height, the ball is 15yds down the field
18.

19. By approximating the vertex (15, 11)

2.3 ​Graphs of Polynomials Using Transformations

Answers
1. a)
b) 4th degree polynomial
c) 7
2. Shift up 3
3. Shift up 4
4. Shift up 6
5. Vertical compression (horizontal stretch) by factor of 10
6. Function should resemble
 1. Graph of function should resemble: , ,

2. Graph of function should resemble:

Step 1: , Step 2: , Step 3: , Step 4:

9. Reflected over -axis

10. Reflected over -axis
11. Vertical and horizontal compression
12. Horizontal and vertical translation

2.4 ​Graphs of Polynomials Using Zeroes

Answers
1. -intercept
2. the original polynomial
3. The zeroes (-intercepts) are 0, 2, and 3
4. There are 4 intercepts
5. The leading term is
6. -intercepts: (-1, 0) and (3, 0) : -intercept: (0, 6)
7. -intercepts: (-3, 0), (-2, 0), and (2, 0) : -intercept (0, -12)

8. -intercepts 3 in number: (0, 0), : -intercept (0, 0)

9. -intercepts (2 in number): apx (-2.1, 0) and apx (0.36, 0) : -intercept (0, 3)

10. and -intercepts both at (0, 0)

11. -intercepts (2 of them):

12. -intercepts (3 of them): (-1, 0), (1, 0) and (0, 0) : -intercept (0, 0)

13. a) b) 6th degree c) 2187

14.
15.

2.5 ​Horizontal and Vertical Asymptotes

Answers
1. ​A line or curve to which a function's graph draws closer without touching

2. V
​ ertical asymptote

3. ​Discontinuities: −3, 2

Vertical Asym.: = −3, = 2

Holes: None

Horz. Asym.: = 0

-intercepts: None
 -intercepts: None

4. ​Discontinuities: 4

Vertical Asym.: = 4

Holes: None

Horz. Asym.: = 1

-intercepts: 2

5. ​Discontinuities: 2, −3

Vertical Asym.: = 2, = −3

Holes: None

Horz. Asym.: None

-intercepts: 0, −2, 3

6. ​Discontinuities: −1, −3
Vertical Asym.: = −1
Holes: = −3
Horz. Asym.: = −1/4
-intercepts: 2

7. ​Discontinuities: 0, 3
Vertical Asym.: = 0, = 3
Holes: None
Horz. Asym.: = 0

8. ​Discontinuities: −4
8. ​Discontinuities: −4
Vertical Asym.: = −4
Holes: None
Horz. Asym.:

9. ​Discontinuities: −4
Vertical Asym.: = −4
Holes: None
Horz. Asym.:

10. ​Discontinuities: −1, 3

Vertical Asym.: = −1
Holes:x = 3
Horz. Asym.: None

11. ​Discontinuities: −1, 3

Vertical Asym.:= −1, = 3
Holes: None
Horz. Asym.:= 3
12. ​Discontinuities: 3, −2
Vertical Asym.: = 3, = −2
Holes: None
Horz. Asym.: None

13. ​Discontinuities: 2
Vertical Asym.: = 2
Holes: None
Horz. Asym.: None

14. ​Discontinuities: −3
Vertical Asym.:
Holes: None
Horz. Asym.:
15. ​Discontinuities: −1, −2
Vertical Asym.:
Holes:
Horz. Asym.:

16. ​Discontinuities: 2
Vertical Asym.:
Holes: None
Horz. Asym.:

17. ​0+
18. ​0-
19. ​+infinity
20. ​-infinity​
2.6 ​Oblique Asymptotes
Answers
1. ​ he numerator is a higher degree than the denominator.
T
2. ​
3. ​
4. ​
5. ​
6. ​
6. ​
7. ​
8. ​
9. ​
10.

11.

12.

13.
14.

​The and -intercepts are both at (0, 0)

​There is a vertical asymptote at
​The slant asymptote is

15.

​ and intercept at (0, 0)

​Vertical asymptote at
​Slant asymptote at

2.7 ​Graphs of Rational Functions

Answers
1. ​ point of discontinuity
A

2. ​Polynomial graphs are continuous as a rule, rational graphs the opposite

3. ​Holes and/or asymptotes

4. ​Simplifying the fraction hides the discontinuities

5. ​Correct order:
a. ​Factor numerator and denominator completely and put in lowest terms. Identify
any holes.
b. ​Find all intercepts.
c. ​Find all asymptotes.
c. ​Determine the behavior around the vertical asymptotes using a table of signs.
e. ​Find the places where the function crosses the horizontal asymptote/oblique
asymptote.
f. ​Sketch a smooth graph based on the above information.

6. ​ =

7. ​-intercepts of are (-4, 0) and (2, 0) – there are no -intercepts, since the -axis is the
vertical asymptote. There is a slant asymptote at . End behavior: as and as .

8. ​The domain is all real numbers except for 0. The graph looks like:

9. ​The function simplifies as:

There is a discontinuity at x = 3, an asymptote at and another at
The function looks similar to #8, except the curves stay entirely in QII and QIV

10. ​The function simplifies as:

There is a discontinuity at
The graph looks like the line

11. ​Discontinuity at , the graph is quadratic

12. ​Discontinuity at , the graph is linear

13. ​Discontinuities at and , the graph is linear

14. ​

15 ​The function simplifies to:

​Vertical asymptotes are at
​Slant asymptote at
​Graph looks like:
 ​Graph looks like:

2.8 ​Analysis of Rational Functions

Answers

1. ​ : x≠2

2. ​y = :x≠4

3. ​f(x) = :x≠4

4. ​f(x) = : x ≠ -4/5

5. ​y = : x ≠ -7

6. ​Asymptotes: and (not required to show)

​Holes: none
​ – intercept(s): apx (-4.7, 0)
​ – intercept: (0, -7)

Sketch:
7. ​Asymptotes: and
​Holes:
​ – intercept(s): None
​ – intercept: None

Sketch:

8. ​Asymptotes:
​Holes: None
​ – intercept(s): apx (.8, 0)
​ – intercept: (0, 4)

Sketch:

9. ​Asymptotes: and and (not required to show)

​Holes: None
​– intercept(s) - apx: ={-.68, .12, 2.36}
​– intercept: (0, -.25)

Sketch:

10. ​Asymptotes: and (not required to show)

10. ​Asymptotes: and (not required to show)
​Holes: none
​– intercept(s) apx: {-7, 2.23}
​– intercept: (0, -7)

Sketch:

11. ​Asymptotes:
​Holes:
​– intercept(s): (-.14, 0)
​– intercept: (0, 7/4)

Sketch:

12. ​Asymptotes: and

​Holes: None
​– intercept(s) apx: {-.87, .-47, 1.05}
​– intercept: None

Sketch:

​
13. ​Asymptotes: and (not required)
13. ​Asymptotes: and (not required)
​Holes:
​– intercept(s): (1.725, 0)
​– intercept: None

Sketch:

14. ​Asymptotes:
​Holes: None
​– intercept(s):
​– intercept:

Sketch:

​
15. ​Asymptotes:
​Holes: None
​– intercept(s): (1, 0)
​– intercept: (0, ½)

Sketch:
2.9 ​Quadratic Inequalities

Answers
1. ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3 ​ ​ 4

2. ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ -4 ​ ​ 3

3. ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ -2 6

4. ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ -4 ​ ​ 7

5. ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ -8 ​ ​ 3

6. ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ -7 ​ ​ -2
​Critical points

7. ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ -5 ​ ​ 10
​Critical points

8. ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ -8 ​ ​ 6
 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ -8 ​ ​ 6
​Critical Points

9. ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ -2 0 ​ ​ 10
​Critical points

10. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ -7 ​ -3 ​
0 ​
Critical points

11. ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ -6 ​ ​ 3
​Critical points

12. ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ -1 ​ ​ 8
​ ritical points
C

13. ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ -9 ​ ​ 10
​ ritical points
C

14. ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ -1/3 ​ ​ 8
​Critical points

15. ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ -3 ​ ​ 2
​Critical points

2.10 ​Polynomial and Rational Inequalities

Answers

1. ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ -3 ​ ​ ​ 1

1.
 1.

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1/3 ​ ​ 2

2.

​ ​ ​ ​ -5/2 ​ 1/3

3.

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1/5 ​ ​ ​ 2

4.

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 0 ​ ​ ​ 1/2

6. ​
7. ​
8. ​
9. ​
10. ​
11. ​
12. ​
13. ​
14. ​
15. ​

16.

1. a) 60 Ohms

b) The total resistance will always be less than 20 because is the horizontal asymptote of

18. ​Width must be greater than 4 meters, .

2.11 ​Synthetic Division of Polynomials

2.11 ​Synthetic Division of Polynomials
Answers
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
6.

7.
Factored polynomial:

8.

9.

10.
 11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.
2.12 ​Real Zeros of Polynomials
Answers
4.
3.
2.
1.
5. a) 21
b) 31
c) 10
d) 66
e) TO BE REVISED (Could not find any roots for the polynomial f(x)

6. k = -10
7. a)
8. b)
 9.

10. a)
14.
13.
12.
11.
15. b)

16.
2.13 ​Intermediate Value Theorem
Answers
Answers
1. ​a) L.C. = 3 ​Degree = 5 ​b) 1 Real Zero ​ ​c) 4 Imaginary
Zeroes
2. ​a) L.C. = -1 ​Degree = 3 ​b) 1 Real Zero ​ ​c) 2 Imaginary
Zeroes
3. ​a) L.C. = 1/2 ​Degree = 4 ​b) 2 Real Zeroes ​c) 2 Imaginary Zeroes
4. ​a) L.C. = -3/2 ​Degree = 6 ​b) 0 Real Zeroes ​c) 6 Imaginary Zeroes
5. ​a) L.C. = 1 ​Degree = 5 ​b) 3 Real Zeroes ​c) 2 Imaginary Zeroes
6. ​a) L.C. = 1 ​Degree = 4 ​b) 3 Real Zeroes ​c) 1 Imaginary Zero
7. ​There is a zero in [-2, -1]
8. ​There is a zero in [-1, 0] and [2, 3]
9. ​There is a zero in [-2, -1], [-1, 0], [0, 1], and [3, 4]
10. ​There is a zero in [-2, -1] and [1, 2]
11. ​There is a zero in [-2, -1], [-1, 0], [0, 1] and [1, 2]

12. ​ has a vertical asymptote at , so it is not continuous in the

interval . Therefore we cannot use the Bounds on Zeros theorem to claim there
is a zero in that interval.
13. ​The zero is in [0.3125, 0.34825]
14. ​The zero is in [1.5000, 1.5625]
15. ​Zero is in the interval: [0.8125, 0.875]

2.14 ​Fundamental Theorem of Algebra

Answers
1. ​
2. ​
3. ​
4. ​
5. ​
6. ​
7. ​
8. ​Yes;
9. ​Yes;
10. ​No
11. ​

12. ​
13. ​

14. ​

15. ​

CK-12 Math Analysis Concepts ​ ​1