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Adjective clauses are also called relative clauses. They come after nouns and
modify them. In other words, they tell the listener or reader more about the
person or thing that the noun refers to. The pronouns that often begin adjective
clauses are called relative pronouns (that, which, who, whom, whose, where)
For example:
A person who sweeps the floor on buildings is known as janitor.
A person who sails is a sailor.
The man who sold the red house is a friend of mine.

1. Reducing Adjective Clauses to Adjective Phrases

If the subject relative pronoun is followed by the verb be in any tense, both the
relative pronoun and the verb be can be omitted. For example:
The realtor who is selling the house is Ann.--> The realtor who is selling the
house is Ann.
The garment that is worn by priests is usually white.-> The garment that is worn
by priests is usually white.

2. Relative pronouns as objects

The object relative pronouns for people are who, whom, that. Whom is more
formal than who. The object relative pronouns for things are which, that. For
example:
The candidate who more votes gets become the president.
The first time that I voted was in 1982.
You may omit the relative pronoun in restricted adjective clauses. For example:
The first time I voted was in 1982.

3. Restricted/Non restricted Relative Clauses

The two main types of adjective clauses--restrictive and nonrestrictive-- have
distinct meanings and uses.
A restrictive adjective clause gives information that helps to uniquely identify
the noun that it describes. For example:
My sister who attends KU is very shy. (I have two sisters, one attends KU, the
other doesn't)

A Non restrictive adjective clause, on the other hand, adds extra information
about the noun it modifies. This information is not necessary to identify the
noun. For example:
Mary, who attends KU, is very shy.

Summary

Noun in main
Relative Clause Rest of main Clause
Clause
The man who called is an old friend of mine.
The woman whom I met lives near my house
The letter that Mary received was very important.
The book which we discussed was a best-seller.
whose book we will visit with us next
The writer
discussed week.

Taked from: netgrammar.altec.org

Adverbial conjunctions join clauses of equal importance. These conjunctions are

also known as “transitional adverbs.” Sometimes these conjunctions follow
semicolons and link two independent clauses. If the conjunction connects a
clause of lesser importance to a primary clause, use a comma in place of the
semicolon. When an adverbial conjunction begins a sentence, use a comma after
the conjunction

Example:

The Cold War finally came to an end. Therefore, the military had an
oversupply of unnecessary equipment such as tanks.

The farmer didn’t want prairie dogs on his land; however, he didn’t
want to kill or hurt them.

Example:

In the 1960s, many young American men wore their hair long as a
symbol of opposition to authority. However, these days long hair is not a
form of protest all.

A social group such as a clan may be represented by different symbols;

for example, a totemic animal may represent the clan.

Here are some of the adverbial conjunctions, in groups, according to the

meaning.
Adverbial Conjunction Meaning
for example

incidentally
Illustration
namely

that is
after all

also

besides

further (more)
Addition
likewise

moreover

second

similarly
alternatively

however

in contrast

instead
Contrast
nevertheless

on the other hand

otherwise

still
certainly Qualification

indeed

in fact
 perhaps

possibly

undoubtedly
accordingly

as a result

consequently
Result
hence

therefore

thus
frankly

happily
Attitude
unfortunately

luckily
in other words

in summary Summary

to conclude
at first

finally

meanwhile
time
now

then

thereafter