Advanced wordlist

Unit Page ENGLISH PoS Definition

number number
1 12 a rapid rise phrase a fast increase

1 12 a steady shift phrase a continuing change

1 158 acquire a language phrase to learn a language

1 158 acquisition noun the process of learning or getting something

1 158 attain a level / phrase to reach a particular standard

degree of
1 12 barely perceptible phrase almost impossible to notice

1 12 be on the way out phrase to start to disappear or no longer exist

1 9 brush up (one’s verb to improve your skills in a language

French / German,
etc)
1 158 capability noun the ability or power to do something
1 158 competence noun the ability to do something well

1 158 dedication noun
1 158 discipline noun
1 158 distraction noun
1 12 entirely unnoticed phrase
being willing to give a lot of time and energy to
something because you believe it is very
important
the ability to control yourself and make
yourself do things
something that makes you stop giving your
attention to something else
not noticed at all

1 10 exposure noun when someone experiences something or is

affected by it because they are in a particular
situation or place
1 158 get accustomed to phrase to experience something often enough for it to
sth seem normal to you
1 158 get to grips with phrase to understand and deal with a problem or
sth situation

1 12 gradually give way phrase to slowly be replaced by something

to sth
1 9 grasp verb to understand something

1 12 grow substantially phrase to increase by a large amount

1 158 have an ear for sth phrase to be good at hearing, repeating, or

understanding a particular type of sound
1 158 hold a phrase to have a conversation
conversation

1 12 hugely significant phrase very important

1 158 immerse oneself phrase to become completely involved in something

in sth

1 158 insight noun the ability to understand what something is

really like, or an example of this
1 158 interaction noun the activity of talking and doing things with
other people, or the way you do this

1 158 interference noun when something affects what you are trying to
achieve
1 158 keep at it phrase to continue working hard at something difficult

1 12 lasting adj continuing to exist for a long time

1 158 limitation noun when something is controlled so that it is less

than a particular amount or number
1 158 literacy noun the ability to read and write
1 158 mentality noun a person's opinions or way of thinking

1 10 motivation noun the need or reason for doing something

1 10 necessity noun something that you need

1 12 on the increase phrase If something is on the increase, it is happening
more often.

1 12 ongoing adj still happening

1 9 pick up (a new verb to learn a new language by practising it and
language, phrases, not by being taught
etc)
1 158 prestige noun when people feel respect and admiration for
you, often because you are successful
1 158 put sth into phrase to start to do something you have learned how
practice to do
1 10 reluctance noun when someone does not want to do something

1 9 rusty adj If a skill you had is rusty, it is not now good

because you have forgotten it.
1 158 struggle (with sth) verb to find something difficult

1 12 subtle adj not obvious or easy to notice

1 12 take hold phrase to start to be frequent

2 22 bombard sb with verb to give someone too much information, ask

sth them too many questions, etc
2 22 bring out sth (in verb to make a particular quality noticeable
sb)
2 22 come across (to verb to seem to be a particular kind of person
sb)
2 159 crawl verb to move on your hands and knees
2 159 creep verb to move very quietly and carefully

2 22 cut oneself off verb to keep yourself away from other people

2 159 drift verb to be moved slowly somewhere by wind or

2 22 fit in verb
2 22 go on about sth verb
2 22 hold oneself back verb
water
to feel that you belong to a particular group
and are accepted by them
to talk in an annoying way about something for
a long time
to prevent yourself from doing something

2 25 hurtle verb to move very quickly in a way which is not

controlled and may be dangerous
2 159 leap verb to jump somewhere
2 159 limp verb to walk with difficulty because one of your legs
or feet is hurt
2 159 march verb When soldiers march, they walk together with
regular steps.
2 25 plunge verb to fall or move down very quickly and with
force
2 22 relate to sb verb to understand and communicate with someone
in a particular way
2 25 roll verb to move somewhere by turning in a circular
direction
2 22 run sb down verb to criticize someone, often unfairly

2 159 rush verb to hurry or move somewhere quickly

2 159 slide verb to move smoothly over a surface
2 22 slip out verb If a remark slips out, you say it without
intending to.
2 25 soar verb to move quickly and smoothly in the sky

2 159 stagger verb to walk as if you might fall

2 159 stroll verb to walk somewhere in a slow and relaxed way
2 25 whirl verb to move or make something move quickly
round and round
2 25 whizz verb to move somewhere very quickly
2 25 whoosh verb to move somewhere very quickly, often making
a noise like wind
2 25 zoom verb to move somewhere very quickly

3 160 a tropical paradise phrase a very beautiful place in a hot area

3 34 affluent adj having a lot of money

3 160 arid desert phrase a large sandy area with almost no rain

3 160 bog noun an area of soft, wet ground

3 160 calm turquoise phrase very still, blue-green sea
waters
3 160 dark pools of phrase small areas of water that is dark in colour and
stagnant water smells unpleasant because it does not flow

3 35 dense adj with a lot of people or things close together

3 34 deprived adj not having enough food, money, and the things
that you need to have a normal life
3 34 destitute adj so poor that you do not have the basic things
you need to live, such as food, clothes, or money

3 34 disposable income phrase the amount of money that you have available to
spend after tax, rent and other basic things that
you must pay for
3 160 empty moorland phrase an open area of countryside with rough grass
and bushes but no trees
3 160 foothills plural noun the lower hills next to a mountain or line of
mountains
3 160 forest canopy phrase the branches and leaves that spread out at the
top of a group of trees forming a type of roof
3 34 hardship noun a problem or situation that makes you suffer a
lot, especially because you are very poor

3 160 huge sand dunes phrase very large hills of sand in a desert on on the
coast
3 34 impoverished adj poor or made poor

3 35 jungle noun an area of land in a hot country where trees

and plants grow close together

3 34 live within one's phrase to not spend more money than you have
means

3 34 make ends meet phrase to have or earn enough money to be able to pay
for the things you need

3 160 marsh noun an area of soft, wet land

3 160 mosquito- phrase an area of very soft, wet land that has a lot of
infested swamp mosquitos in it
3 160 pristine beaches phrase very clean and beautiful beaches

3 34 prosperity noun when a person or a country has a lot of money

3 35 rainforest noun a forest with a lot of tall trees where it rains a lot

3 35 remote adj far away

3 160 rich green phrase a field with a lot of grass
meadow
3 160 rocky ground phrase ground that is covered with large pieces of
stone
3 160 rugged coastline phrase rough and rocky land by the edge of the sea

3 160 sheer cliffs phrase vertical cliffs

3 35 the heart of (the phrase the middle of an area

rainforest, capital,
jungle, etc)

3 160 the mouth of a phrase the open entrance of a cave

cave
3 35 tropical adj from or in the hottest parts of the world

3 35 undergrowth noun short plants and bushes that grow around trees

3 35 untouched adj not changed or damaged in any way

3 35 vegetation noun the plants and trees that grow in a particular
area
3 34 well-off adj having a lot of money

3 35 wilderness noun a place that is in a completely natural state

without houses, industry, roads, etc

3 160 wooded slopes phrase the sides of hills, covered with trees

4 49 a distant memory phrase a memory that is not clear because the thing
you remember happened a long time ago
4 49 a lasting memory phrase something that you never forget

4 49 a painful memory phrase a memory that makes you feel upset

4 49 a photographic phrase the ability to remember things in great detail

memory
4 44 a rational thinker phrase
4 49 a vague memory phrase
someone whose thoughts are based on facts
and not affected by their emotions or
imagination
a memory that is not clear

4 49 a vivid memory phrase a memory that is very clear

4 161 cast your mind phrase to try to remember something that happened in
back (to sth) the past

4 161 come to mind phrase If something comes to mind, you think of it.

4 161 conscientious adj always doing your work with a lot of care
4 161 conscious adj awake and able to think and notice things

4 161 go with one's gut phrase
instinct
4 161 have a hunch phrase
4 44 know sth phrase
subconsciously
to do what your feelings tell you is right
to have an idea that is based on feeling and for
which there is no proof
to know something without actively thinking
about it

4 44 on impulse phrase suddenly and without thinking first

4 161 rational adj based on facts and not affected by someone's

emotions or imagination
4 161 reasonable adj fair and showing good judgment
4 161 refresh one’s hp
memory (of sth)
4 161 self-confident adj
4 161 self-conscious adj
4 161 sensible adj
4 161 sensitive adj
4 161 slip one’s mind phrase
4 161 take spontaneous phrase
decisions
4 44 the pros and cons phrase
4 161 think logically phrase
4 161 think sth over verb
4 161 think twice before phrase
doing sth
4 161 treasure the phrase
memory (of sth)
4 161 trigger a memory phrase
(of sth)
4 161 vaguely phrase
remember sth
4 44 weigh sth up verb
5 59 agricultural noun
sector
5 162 be arrested on phrase
suspicion of sth
5 162 arrest sb on phrase
suspicion of sth
5 162 be banned from phrase
doing sth
5 162 ban sb from doing phrase
sth
5 162 be brought face- phrase
to-face with a committed a crime
victim
5 162 bring sb face-to- phrase
face with a victim
to remind yourself of something you already
know
feeling sure about yourself and your abilities
too aware of what other people are thinking
about you and your appearance
showing the ability to make good decisions and
do things which will not make problems
often upset by the things people say or do
If something slips your mind, you forget it.
to decide things quickly without thinking about
them a lot
the advantages and disadvantages of
something
to think in a way that uses facts and reason
to consider an idea or plan carefully before
making a decision
to think very carefully before you do something
to feel that a memory is very important and that
it gives you pleasure
to cause you to remember something
to remember something, but not at all clearly
to think carefully about the advantages and
disadvantages of a situation before making a
decision
businesses and industries connected with
farming
If someone is arrested on suspicion of a crime,
they are taken to the police station because the
police think they committed it.
If the police arrest someone on suspicion of a
crime, they take them to the police station
because they think they committed it.
to be officially told that you cannot do
something
to tell someone officially that they cannot do
something
to meet a person against whom you have
to bring someone to meet a person against
whom they have committed a crime
5 162 be convicted of sth phrase to be found guilty of a crime

5 162 convict sb of sth phrase to say officially that someone is guilty of a crime

5 162 be fined phrase to be forced to pay money as a punishment

5 162 fine verb to make someone pay money as a punishment
5 162 be found guilty (of phrase If you are found guilty of a crime, a court
sth) decides you have done it.
5 162 find sb guilty (of phrase If a judge or jury finds you guilty, they decide
sth) that you committed a crime.
5 162 be held in custody phrase to be kept in prison, especially when waiting
for a trial
5 162 hold sb in custody phrase to keep someone in prison, especially when
waiting for a trial
5 162 be held in solitary phrase to be kept in a room on your own in a prison
confinement
5 162 hold sb in solitary phrase to keep someone in a room on their own in a
confinement prison

5 162 be sentenced to phrase to be given the punishment of spending the

life imprisonment rest of your life in prison
5 162 sentence sb to life phrase to give someone the punishment of spending
imprisonment the rest of their life in prison
5 58 bribery and phrase the crime of trying to make people do illegal
corruption things by paying them, giving them presents,
etc.
5 162 community noun work that is of benefit to the community, done
service as a form of punishment
5 59 construction noun businesses and industries connected with
sector making buildings, roads, etc
5 59 contract verb to make a legal agreement with someone to do
work or to have work done for you
5 59 contract noun a legal agreement between two people or
organizations
5 58 credit card fraud phrase the crime of using a credit card or th details of a
credit card in an illegal way
5 59 energy sector noun businesses and industries connected with
producing and selling fuel
5 59 export verb to send goods to another country in order to
sell them there

5 59 export noun a product that you sell in another country

5 59 finance noun the money that someone / an organisation has

5 59 finance verb to give the money that is needed to do

something
5 59 financial sector noun businesses and industries connected with
money
5 162 give testimony in phrase to give a statement in court about what you
court know about a crime

5 59 import verb to buy or bring in products from another

country
5 59 import noun a product which is imported from another
country
5 59 increase noun when the number or size of something gets
bigger
5 59 increase verb to get bigger or to make something bigger
5 59 industrial sector noun businesses and industries connected with
producing goods, especially in factories or
special areas
5 162 make an phrase to say that someone has done something wrong
allegation of sth
against sb
5 59 manufacturing noun businesses and industries connected with
sector making goods
5 162 plead guilty (to phrase to admit in court that you committed a crime
sth)
5 58 possession of a phrase the crime of having illegal drugs
controlled
substance
5 59 project verb to emphasise a particular quality, so that this is
what people notice about you
5 59 project noun a planned piece of work
5 59 public sector noun businesses and industries that are owned or
controlled by the government
5 162 receive one-to- phrase to get advice from someone who is trained to
one / group listen to your problems on your own / with a
counselling group of other people
5 162 receive phrase to get help from a doctor who treats mental
psychiatric help illness
5 59 record verb to write down information or store it on a
computer so that it can be used in the future
5 59 record noun information that is written on paper or stored
on a computer so that it can be used in the
future
5 59 retail sector noun businesses and industries connected with
selling things in shops or online
5 162 serve a reduced phrase to be allowed to leave prison early because you
sentence for good have behaved well
behaviour

5 162 serve the full phrase to be in prison for the whole time the court said
sentence you should stay there
5 162 show evidence in phrase to show proof of something during a trial
court
5 58 tax evasion phrase the crime of not paying the tax you owe
5 59 transport noun a vehicle or system of vehicles, such as buses,
trains, aeroplanes, etc for getting from one
place to another
5 59 transport verb to move people or things from one place to
another
5 59 transport sector noun businesses and industries connected with
moving people and goods from place to place
5 162 trial noun a legal process to decide if someone is guilty of
a crime
5 58 violent assault phrase a forceful attack that hurts someone physically

6 71 ashamed adj feeling bad because you have done something

wrong
6 163 bleak adj without comfort, decoration or happiness
6 163 cluttered adj untidy and too full of objects

6 71 devastated adj very shocked and upset

6 71 disillusioned adj feeling disappointed because something is not

as good as you thought it was
6 163 elaborate adj complicated or with a lot of details

6 68 evocative adj making you remember or imagine something

that is pleasant
6 68 exotic adj unusual, interesting, and often foreign

6 163 flawless adj with no mistakes or bad characteristics

6 71 frustrated adj annoyed because things are not happening in

the way that you want, or in the way that they
should
6 71 gleeful adj full of happiness, excitement or pleasure
6 68 gritty adj showing unpleasant details about a situation
in a way that seems very real
6 71 helpless adj not able to do things for yourself or protect
yourself
6 68 humorous adj funny, or making you laugh

6 68 iconic adj very famous or popular, especially being

considered to represent particular opinions or
a particular time
6 71 insecure adj having no confidence in yourself and what you
can do
6 71 jealous adj not happy because you want something that
someone else has
6 68 meaningful adj useful, serious, or important

6 68 no-nonsense adj practical and serious, and only interested in

doing what is necessary or achieving what is
intended, without silly ideas or methods
6 68 nonsensical adj silly or stupid
6 68 observant adj good or quick at noticing things

6 71 over-excited adj behaving in a silly way because you are too

excited
6 71 petrified adj extremely frightened

6 68 playful adj funny and not serious

6 68 powerful adj having a very great effect on your emotions

6 71 protective adj wanting to protect someone from criticism,

hurt, danger, etc because you like them
6 68 raw adj Feelings or qualities that are raw are strong
and difficult to control.
6 163 repetitive adj doing or saying the same thing several times,
especially in a way that is boring
6 71 restless adj not able to be still or relax because you are
bored or nervous
6 71 satisfied adj pleased because you have got what you wanted

6 163 sensational adj very exciting or extremely good

6 71 speechless adj unable to speak because you are so angry,
shocked, surprised, etc
6 71 terribly adv very
6 71 totally adv completely
6 68 well-composed adj arranged in an attractive way

7 164 absent-minded adj often forgetting things

7 85 affable adj pleasant and friendly

7 164 back-breaking adj needing a lot of hard, physical effort

7 81 blank-eyed adj with eyes that do not express thoughts or

emotions
7 85 capitalism noun a political and economic system in which
industry is owned privately for profit and not
by the state
7 164 clear-headed adj thinking in a clear and logical way
7 85 closeness noun knowing someone well and liking each other a
lot
7 85 coldness noun the quality of being unfriendly

7 85 collaboration noun when two or more people work together to

create or achieve the same thing, or a product
of this
7 85 distribution noun when something is supplied or given out to
people or places
7 85 exclusion noun when someone or something is not allowed to
take part in an activity or to enter a place

7 85 fairness noun when you treat everyone in the same way, so

that no one has an advantage

7 85 gain perspective phrase to learn to understand which things are most

important in life
7 81 glassy-eyed adj having shiny eyes that make you look as
though you have no emotions
7 85 grasp viewpoints phrase to understand other people's opinions

7 164 hair-raising adj very frightening

7 164 half-hearted adj without much effort or interest

7 164 hard-hearted adj not caring how other people feel

7 164 heart-warming adj seeming to be something positive and good and

therefore causing feelings of pleasure and
happiness
7 81 humanlike adj similar to a person

7 85 innovation noun a new idea or method that is being tried for the
first time, or the use of such ideas or methods

7 85 intimacy noun when you have a very special friendship or

sexual relationship with someone
7 85 isolated adj feeling unhappy because of not seeing or
talking to other people
7 85 isolation noun a feeling of being lonely
7 164 jaw-dropping adj very surprising or shocking

7 164 left-handed adj using your left hand to do most things

7 85 liberation noun an occasion when something or someone is
released or made free.
7 81 lifelike adj If something is lifelike, it looks real.
7 164 light-headed adj dizzy

7 164 light-hearted adj not serious

7 85 loneliness noun the state of being lonely

7 85 materialism noun the belief that having money and possessions is
the most important thing in life
7 164 mind-boggling adj difficult to accept, imagine, or understand

7 164 mouth-watering adj delicious

7 164 narrow-minded adj not willing to accept new ideas or opinions
different from your own
7 85 nervousness noun the state of being nervous
7 164 open-minded adj willing to consider ideas and opinions that are
new or different to your own
7 85 optimism noun when you believe good things will happen

7 85 ostracism noun the practice of avoiding someone intentionally

or preventing them from taking part in the
activities of a group
7 85 prejudice noun when someone does not like a group of people
or treats them badly because they are a
different race, sex, religion, etc
7 85 rudeness noun the quality of being rude
7 85 security noun when something is not likely to fail or be lost
7 85 see other phrase to understand the situations and opinions of
perspectives other people
7 81 self-conscious adj too aware of what other people are thinking
about you and your appearance
7 81 self-determined adj making your own decisions

7 85 selfishness noun the quality of being selfish

7 85 separation noun when people or things are separate or become

separate from other people or things
7 85 separatism noun the belief held by people of a particular race,
religion or other group within a country that
they should be independent or live apart from
other people
7 164 short-sighted adj not able to see far without wearing glasses

7 81 silly-minded adj not intelligent

7 85 social contact phrase time spent with other people, especially friends
7 85 socialism noun a political system in which the government
owns important businesses and industries, and
which allows the people to share the money
and opportunities equally
7 85 tolerance noun the quality of allowing people to do or believe
what they want although you do not agree
with it
7 81 tongue-tied adj unable to say anything because you are nervous

7 164 warm-hearted adj kind

8 165 acne noun a skin problem that causes a lot of red spots on
the face

8 95 a glowing phrase the warm, healthy appearance of the skin on

complexion someone’s face
8 165 arthritis noun an illness which causes pain in the parts of the
body where bones meet
8 165 a varied and phrase a diet that includes healthy amounts of a lot of
balanced diet different foods
8 94 be fast asleep phrase very deeply asleep

8 165 blotches plural noun marks that are not regular in shape, for
example on a person's skin
8 165 cause verb to make something happen, especially
something bad
8 95 circulation noun the movement of blood around the body

8 165 clear skin phrase skin, especially on the face, that has no spots or
marks
8 165 come out in (a verb If you come out in something such as spots, they
rash, blotches, appear on your skin.
etc)
8 94 drift off to sleep phrase to to gradually start to sleep

8 94 drop off to sleep phrase to start to sleep

8 165 dry skin phrase skin that does not have as much oil in it as it
needs
8 95 facial adj of or on the face

8 95 facial noun a beauty treatment involving gentle rubbing of

creams into the face
8 165 fine lines phrase very narrow lines on the skin of your face
8 95 firm adj not soft, but not completely hard
8 165 freckles plural noun small, pale brown spots on the skin

8 95 fresh adj clean and pleasant

8 165 get verb to obtain or buy something

8 165 have verb to own something

8 94 have a nap phrase to have a short sleep

8 165 heart trouble phrase an illness connected with the heart

8 165 injection noun when someone puts a drug into your body
using a needle
8 94 light sleeper phrase someone who is easily woken up by noise, etc
8 165 moisturise verb to put cream on your skin to stop it from
becoming dry
8 94 not sleep a wink phrase to not sleep at all
8 165 oily skin phrase skin that has too much oil in it
8 94 oversleep verb to sleep longer than you wanted to

8 165 plastic surgery noun operations on someone's face or body to make

them more attractive
8 165 poor circulation phrase when the blood does not travel around your
body as strongly as it should
8 165 prevent verb to stop something happening or to stop
someone doing something
8 165 prone to (spots, phrase likely to suffer from an illness or show a
oily skin, etc) negative characteristic
8 95 rash noun a temporary skin condition involving a group
of small spots

8 165 regular phrase regular exercise that strengthens your heart

cardiovascular and lungs
exercise
8 94 restless adj unwilling or unable to stay still or to be quiet
and calm, because you are worried or bored

8 95 sagging adj hanging down lower, less firm than before

8 165 saggy skin phrase skin that is loose and hangs down
8 165 sb's eyesight phrase If your eyesight deteriorates, you begin to see
deteriorates less well.
8 95 scar noun a permanent mark left on the body from a cut or
other injury

8 165 show one's age phrase to look as old as you are, especially when you
are old
8 94 sleep like a log phrase to sleep very well
8 165 smooth skin phrase skin that has no wrinkles, spots or other lumps
8 165 spots plural noun small raised red circles on the skin that are
temporary
8 165 strengthening and phrase physical exercises that make your stonger and
toning exercises make your body more firm

8 94 suffer from phrase to have the condition of not being able to sleep,
insomnia over a period of time
8 165 thinning and phrase becoming thin and grey
greying
8 165 tighten and plump phrase to make your skin tighter and less thin
the skin
8 165 tooth loss phrase when your teeth fall out

8 94 toss and turn phrase to be very restless and unable to sleep

8 165 weight loss phrase when you become thinner and start to weigh
less
8 165 whitening phrase toothpaste that makes your teeth whiter
toothpaste
8 94 wide awake phrase completely awake

8 95 wrinkles plural noun lines on your face that you get when you grow
old

8 165 yellowing teeth phrase teeth that are becoming yellow

8 95 youthful glow phrase the warm, healthy appearance of the skin

typical of young people

9 166 bungalow noun a house that has all its rooms on the ground
floor
9 166 cabin noun a small house made of wood
9 107 dated adj not modern

9 107 graceful adj elegant and attractive

9 166 housing estate noun an area with a large number of houses that
were built at the same time
9 107 imposing adj looking big and important

9 107 innovative adj using new methods or ideas

9 166 mansion noun a very large house

9 107 nondescript adj not interesting

9 107 out of place adj very different from other things in an area and
not seeming suitable for it

9 107 over the top adj too extreme and not suitable

9 166 penthouse noun an expensive apartment at the top of a building

9 166 power station noun a place where electricity is produced

9 105 recreate verb to make something exist or happen again

9 105 redevelop verb to make a place more modern by improving old

buildings or building new ones
9 105 regain verb to get something back again

9 105 regenerate verb to improve a place or system

9 105 reinstate verb to cause a rule, law, etc to exist again

9 105 rejuvenate verb to make a place look new and lively again

9 105 renovate verb to repair and decorate a building that is old

and in bad condition
9 105 restore verb to repair something old

9 166 retail park noun an area with several large shops, usually
outside a city
9 105 revamp verb to change something in order to make it better

9 166 semi-detached adj A semi-detached house has one wall that is

joined to another house.
9 166 skyscraper noun a very tall building

9 166 studio noun a very small apartment with one main room
9 107 stunning adj very beautiful

9 107 tasteless adj ugly or without style

9 166 tower block noun a very tall building divided into apartments or
offices
9 166 warehouse noun a large building for keeping things that are
going to be sold
10 116 address verb to speak to someone

10 167 assert one's right phrase to say strongly that you have the right to do
(to do sth) something

10 167 attack policies phrase to criticize someone's ideas and plans

10 116 audience noun the people who sit and watch a performance at
a theatre, cinema, etc

10 167 back up an phrase to give information that proves that what you
argument are saying is correct
10 119 be tempting fate phrase to take a silly risk and depend too much on
good luck

10 116 concept noun an idea or principle

10 167 conclude verb to end something

10 116 conference noun a large meeting, often lasting a few days, where
people talk about a subject
10 168 convinced adj completely certain about something
10 168 convincing adj able to make you believe that something is true
or right
10 119 customary adj normal or expected for a particular person,
situation, or society
10 116 demonstrate a verb to show a different way of doing something
new approach
10 116 demonstrate phrase to show that you understand something well
one's
understanding
10 168 dubious adj thought not to be completely true, honest, or
legal
10 168 far-fetched adj difficult to believe and not likely to be true

10 116 go into far too phrase to give much too much information about
much detail something
10 116 go into the finer phrase to talk about small details of something
points
10 119 good fortune phrase good luck

10 119 good luck charm phrase an object that is thought to have the ability to
bring good luck
10 168 gullible adj Someone who is gullible is easily tricked
because they trust people too much.
10 119 (I'll keep my) phrase something you say when you hope that
fingers crossed something will happen the way you want it to
10 116 illustrate verb to show the meaning or truth of something
more clearly
10 119 magic spell noun words that are thought to have magical powers

10 119 make a wish phrase to think of something that you hope will be
made real by magic powers
10 116 make comments phrase to say things very quietly so that other people
under one's cannot hear exactly what you are saying
breath
10 116 make throwaway phrase to say things without thinking carefully and in
remarks a way that is not intended to be serious
10 116 move on to a phrase to start to talk about something different
new/different
topic
10 167 pay tribute (to sb phrase to praise someone or something
/ sth)

10 168 persuasive adj able to make people agree to do something

10 168 plausible adj If something that someone says or writes is

plausible, it could be true.

10 116 present verb to give, provide, or make something known

10 167 present key phrase to tell an audience very important facts

information
10 167 sell an idea phrase to persuade people that an idea is good

10 167 summarise the phrase to express the most important facts or ideas in a
key ideas short and clear form
10 119 third time lucky phrase something you say when you hope that
something will be successful on its third
attempt
10 119 to be on the safe phrase being especially careful in order to avoid
side something unpleasant
10 119 touch wood phrase said when you talk about something you hope
is true or hope will happen, to avoid bad luck
10 119 traditionally adv following or belonging to the customs or ways
of behaving that have continued in a group of
people or society for a long time

10 167 voice concerns phrase to express worries

(about sth)

10 119 ward off evil phrase to prevent something bad from harming
you or coming close to you
Pronunciation (UK) Example

ə ˌræpɪd ˈraɪz The use of continuous passive verb forms has

also seen a rapid rise.
ə ˌstedi ˈʃɪft There was a steady shift toward more
frequent use of the verb + -ing and these
forms are still on the
increase.
əˌkwaɪər ə ˈlæŋgwɪdʒ Some learners appear to be able to acquire a
language without much formal study.
ˌækwɪˈzɪʃən In this article, Ellen McArthur reflects on her
acquisition of French.
əˌteɪn ə ˌlevəl /dɪˌgriː əv I’m not sure if I’ll ever attain a native
ˈkɒmpɪtəns speaker level of competence.
ˌbeəli pəˈseptəbl̩ One lasting change to English that was barely
perceptible at the time is known as The Great
Vowel Shift.
biː ˌɒn ðə weɪ ˈaʊt Stiff, formal words like 'shall' and 'ought' are
on the way out.
brʌʃ ˈʌp Ellen MacArthur’s career forced her to brush
up her school-girl French.

ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlɪti He has the capability to do well at school.

ˈkɒmpɪtəns What level of competence would you like to
attain eventually?
ˌdedɪˈkeɪʃən Learning a language requires dedication.

ˈdɪsəplɪn I don't have the discipline to study alone.

dɪˈstrækʃən I couldn't understand him because there were

too many distractions in the room.
ɪnˌtaɪəli ʌnˈnəʊtɪst These changes can have a hugely significant
impact but can go entirely unnoticed while
they are in progress.
ɪkˈspəʊʒə English speakers have little to no exposure to
the sounds of foreign languages.
ˌget əˈkʌstəmd tu: When he went to live in Korea, he quickly got
accustomed to the sound of the language.
ˌget tə ˈɡrɪps wɪð The sounds of Finnish are quite unique, so I
found it dificult to to get to grips with the
pronunciation.
ˌgrædjʊli gɪv ˈweɪ tuː Modal verbs are gradually giving way to
other less formal expressions.
grɑːsp Because I understood some French, I could
grasp some of what they were saying.
ˌgrəʊ səbˈstænʃəli The use of get passives has grown
substantially.
ˌhæv ən ˈɪə fə Penny’s lucky – she has an ear for languages.

ˌhəʊld ə ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃən After about a year, he found he could a hold a

conversation in Italian without too much
effort.
ˌhjuːdʒli sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt These changes can have a hugely significant
impact but can go entirely unnoticed while
they are in progress.
ɪˈmɜːs wʌnˌself ɪn She spent six weeks in Poland and really
immersed herself in the language and
culture.
ˈɪnsaɪt She has little insight into their lives.

ˌɪntəˈrækʃən Robots can never replace human beings in

any context that requires interaction with
people.
ˌɪntəˈfɪərəns They struggle with first language
interference.
kiːp ˈæt ɪt People tend to give up on second language
learning too easily. You need to keep at it if
you want to succeed.

ˈlɑːstɪŋ One lasting change to English that was barely

perceptible at the time is known as The Great
Vowel Shift.
ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən There are financial limitations on their
education.
ˈlɪtərəsi Literacy rates have gone up in the area.
menˈtæləti You have to have the right mentality to learn
a language.
ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃən They have no motivation to learn the
language.
nəˈsesɪti There is no necessity to learn the language.
ˌɒn ðiː ˈɪnkriːs There was a steady shift toward more
frequent use of the verb + -ing and these
forms are still on the increase.
ˈɒŋgəʊɪŋ There are far more subtle, ongoing language
changes taking place at any given time.
pɪk ˈʌp She explained how she picked up the
language.

presˈtiːʒ They like the prestige of knowing a second

language.
ˌpʊt ɪntuː ˈpræktɪs Unless I put a new piece of language into
practice immediately, I find I forget it.
rɪˈlʌktəns Do you think that the reluctance to learn
English is just a feature of Britain?
ˈrʌsti When I'm away from France, my French gets
rusty.
ˈstrʌgl̩ wɪð I really struggle with English idioms.

ˈsʌtəl There are far more subtle, ongoing language

changes taking place at any given time.

teɪk ˈhəʊld Words such as 'going to', 'have to', 'need to'
and 'want to' are taking hold.
bɒmˈbɑːd wɪð She bombarded me questions.

brɪŋ ˈaʊt I often felt that my silence brought out the

best in people.
kʌm əˈkrɒs How do I come across to other people?

krɔːl He crawled up the stairs.

kriːp He crept into the house.

kʌt wʌnself ˈɒf People go into some kind of retreat to cut

themselves off from the outside world.
drɪft The boat drifted out to sea.

fɪt ˈɪn Talking to people is a way of fitting in.

gəʊ ˈɒn əbaʊt He always goes on about his dogs when I go

and see him.
həʊld wʌnself ˈbæk I often wanted to criticize them but I had to
hold myself back.
ˈhɜːtl̩ We hurtled down a 1,600-foot volcanic slope.

liːp She leaped over the rocks.

lɪmp He limped off the pitch.

mɑːtʃ The soldiers marched through the square.

plʌndʒ We were plunging through the air, 18,000

feet above the earth.
rɪˈleɪt tə The most interesting thing was the way other
people related to me.
rəʊl This is the sport of rolling downhill at high
speed.
rʌn ˈdaʊn He usually likes to run down some politician
or other.
rʌʃ They rushed to catch the train.
slaɪd We slid down the slope.
slɪp ˈaʊt Someone held a door open for me and a little
‘thank you’ slipped out.
sɔː You’ll go soaring inside a vertical wind
tunnel.
ˈstægə He staggered across the field.
strəʊl They strolled through the park.
wɜːl They prepared themselves to whirl upside
down, again and again.
wɪz You’ll go whizzing over ski slopes.
wʊʃ They went whooshing down white-water
rapids on a flimsy raft.
zuːm Prepare to zoom down a steep, 1,600-foot
volcanic slope.
ə ˌtrɒpɪkəl ˈpærədaɪs The island can only be described as a tropical
paradise.
ˈæfluənt In affluent suburbs like this one, house prices
are extremely high.
ˌærɪd ˈdezət Never before had I been to such an arid
desert.
bɒg Animals sometimes get stuck in the bog.
ˌkɑːm ˌtɜːkwɔɪz ˈwɔːtəz The sight of pristine beaches and calm
turquoise waters made us forget our long
dɑːk ˌpuːlz əv ˌstægnənt We avoided the dark pools of stagnant water
ˈwɔːtə and eventually reached the firmer ground
beyond.
dens Quietly we moved through the dense
vegetation.
dɪˈpraɪvd In the most deprived areas of the city,
unemployment stands at around 50%.
ˈdestɪtjuːt They lost everything they had in the flood
and were left destitute.

dɪˌspəʊzəbl̩ ˈɪŋkʌm He lives with his parents and pays no bills, so

he has a lot of disposable income.

ˌempti ˈmɔːlənd Empty moorland stretches towards the

distant mountains.
ˈfʊthɪlz We visited a remote village in the foothills.

ˌfɒrɪst ˈkænəpi Looking up, I saw the forest canopy far above
my head.
ˈhɑːdʃɪp Many farmers are facing real economic
hardship after the drought killed all their
crops.
ˌhjuːdʒ ˈsænd dʒuːnz On our third day we came to some huge sand
dunes.
ɪmˈpɒvərɪʃt There’s no money to help impoverished
communities build basic facilities like
schools and medical centres.
ˈdʒʌŋgl̩ He travelled right through a chunk of Africa’s
most threatened jungle environment.

ˌlɪv wɪˌðɪn wʌnz ˈmiːnz We can’t go on using our credit cards all the
time. We have to learn to live within our
means.
ˌmeɪk endz ˈmiːt Even though I got a pay rise last year, I still
find it difficult to make ends meet.

mɑːʃ Tall grasses grew in the marsh.

mɒˌskiːtəʊ ɪnˌfestɪd We made slow progress through the
ˈswɒmp mosquito-infested swamp.
ˌprɪstiːn ˈbiːtʃɪz The sight of pristine beaches and calm
turquoise waters made us forget our long
journey in an instant.
prɒsˈperɪti There’s a direct relationship between a good
education system and the economic
prosperity of a country.
ˈreɪnfɒrɪst I wanted to find out what life in the heart of a
tropical rainforest was really like.
rɪˈməʊt We visited a remote village in the foothills.
ˌrɪtʃ ˌgriːn ˈmedəʊ In front of the cottage was a rich green
meadow where cows grazed.
ˌrɒki ˈgraʊnd The rocky ground is unsuitable for farming.

ˌrʌgɪd ˈkəʊstlaɪn The rugged coastline is famous for its beauty.

ˌʃɪə ˈklɪfs From where I stood, sheer cliffs dropped to

the sea.
ðə ˈhɑːt əv We were deep in the heart of the jungle now.

ðə ˌmaʊθ əv ə ˈkeɪv Looking down, I saw the mouth of a cave in

the cliff face.
ˈtrɒpɪkəl I was separated from the outside world by
dense tropical vegetation.
ˈʌndəgrəʊθ They hacked their way through the
undergrowth.
ʌnˈtʌtʃt This area is one of the last untouched
wildernesses of the Upper Guinean forest
belt.
ˌvedʒɪˈteɪʃən I was separated from the outside world by
dense tropical vegetation.
ˌwelˈɒf My grandparents used to be relatively well-
off, but they lost all their money in bad
investments.
ˈwɪldənəs This area is one of the last untouched
wildernesses of the Upper Guinean forest
belt.
ˌwʊdɪd ˈsləʊps In the distance, beyond wooded slopes, the
mountains rose up into the sky.

ə ˌdɪstənt ˈmeməri Once the city was rebuilt, the storm became a
distant memory for most people.
ə ˌlɑːstɪŋ ˈmeməri Their trip to Venice was a lasting memory,
full of magic.
ə ˌpeɪnfəl ˈmeməri I have a painful memory of my cat getting
run over when I was a child.

ə fəʊtəˌgræfɪk ˈmeməri He has a photographic memory and can paint

places he hasn’t seen since childhood.
ə ˌræʃənəl ˈθɪŋkə I’m a very rational thinker.

ə ˌveɪg ˈmeməri I only ever have a vague memory of my

journey to work.
ə ˌvɪvɪd ˈmeməri I have a vivid memory of our team winning
the World Cup when I was a kid.
ˌkɑːst jɔː maɪnd ˈbæk If you cast your mind back to the last
meeting, you'll remember that we agreed to
increase the fee.
ˌkʌm tə ˈmaɪnd If I think of my time in New York, the first
thing that comes to mind is a yellow taxi.
ˌkɒnʃiˈenʃəs He is a very conscientious student.
ˈkɒnʃəs She was badly injured, but still conscious.

ˌgəʊ wɪð wʌnz gʌt If I need to think quickly, I always go with my

ˈɪnstɪŋkt gut instinct.
ˌhæv ə ˈhʌntʃ I had a hunch that I should resign, and I was
right.
ˌnəʊ sʌbˈkɒntʃəsli I think I know subconsciously when people
are lying to me.

ɒn ˈɪmpʌls On impulse, I married someone I’d only just

met and went to live in Japan.
ˈræʃənəl I’m a very rational thinker.

ˈriːzənəbl̩ If you explain your problem, I'm sure your

parents will be reasonable.
rɪˌfreʃ wʌnz ˈmeməri Before going into class, she reads the
register to refresh her memory of her
students’ names.
ˌselfˈkɒnfɪdənt He's not self-confident enough to perform in
public.
ˌselfˈkɒnʃəs She's very self-conscious because of her
height.
ˈsensɪbl̩ It's not sensible to lie in the sun for too long.

ˈsensɪtɪv He's very sensitive and gets upset if people

criticize him.
ˌslɪp wʌnz ˈmaɪnd I told him you were coming today, but it must
have slipped his mind.
ˌteɪk spɒnˌteɪniəs I love taking spontaneous decisions. They’re
dɪˈsɪʒənz more fun!
ðə ˌprəʊz ənd ˈkɒnz You need to weigh up the pros and cons of
changing your job.
ˌθɪŋk ˈlɒdʒɪkli I’m successful in business because I think
logically.
θɪŋk ˈəʊvə I’ll need time to think it over before I decide.

ˌθɪŋk ˈtwaɪs bɪfɔː I’d always think twice before trusting a

stranger.
ˌtreʒə ðə ˈmeməri I’ll always treasure the memory of the warm
welcome they gave us.
ˌtrɪgər ə ˈmeməri The smell of freshly baked bread always
triggers a memory of my grandmother.
ˌveɪɡli rɪˈmembə I vaguely remember seeing that film years
ago,
weɪ ˈʌp I think it’s important to weigh up the
advantages and disadvantages before you
take action.
ˌægrɪˈkʌltʃərəl ˌsektə Wages are often low in the agricultural
sector.
biː əˌrestɪd ɒn səˈspɪʃən A 35-year-old woman was arrested on
əv suspicion of money laundering.

əˌrest ɒn səˈspɪʃən əv The police arrested her on suspicion of

murder.

biː ˈbænd frəm People who drink and drive should be

permanently banned from driving.
ˈbæn frəm The judge banned her from driving.

biː brɔːt ˌfeɪs tə ˈfeɪs wɪð Criminals should be brought face-to-face with
ə ˌvɪktɪm their victims.

brɪŋ ˌfeɪs tə ˈfeɪs wɪð ə I'd like to bring him face-to-face with his
ˌvɪktɪm victim.
biː kənˈvɪktɪd əv He’s been convicted of murder and sent to
prison.
kənˈvɪkt əv There wasn't enough evidence to convict her
of the crime.
biː ˈfaɪnd The company was fined a six figure sum.
faɪn The judge fined her £3,000.
biː ˌfaʊnd ˈgɪlti Despite a strong defence case, he was found
guilty of the crime.
ˌfaɪnd ˈgɪlti I think the jury will find him guilty.

bi: ˌheld ɪn ˈkʌstədi She is being held in custody while waiting for
her trial.
ˌhəʊld ɪn ˈkʌstədi How long do you think they'll hold her in
custody?
biː ˌheld ɪn ˌsɒlɪtəri It is wrong for prisoners to be held in solitary
kənˈfaɪnmənt confinement.
ˌhəʊld ɪn ˌsɒlɪtəri Do you think they will hold her in solitary
kənˈfaɪnmənt confinement?

biː ˌsentəntst tə ˌlaɪf He was sentenced to life imprisonment for

ɪmˈprɪzənmənt murder.
ˌsentənts tə ˌlaɪf The judge sentenced her to life
ɪmˈprɪzənmənt imprisonment.
ˌbraɪbəri ənd kəˈrʌpʃən Bribery and corruption was common in their
industry.

ˌduː kəˌmjuːnəti ˈsɜːvɪs Community service is a more effective

punishment than prison.
kənˈstrʌkʃən ˌsektə He works in the construction sector - he's a
building manager.
kənˈtrækt The firm was contracted to supply the wood.

ˈkɒntrækt He won a major contract for his company.

ˈkredɪt kɑːd ˌfrɔːd Credit card fraud usually happens because

people are careless.
ˈenədʒi ˌsektə There have been large price rises in the
energy sector.
ɪkˈspɔːt They export a lot of the fruit they grow.

ˈekspɔːt Our main export is oil.

ˈfaɪnæns Most of our finance comes from the
government.
fɪˈnæns / ˈfaɪnæns We borrowed money to finance the project.

faɪˈnænʃəl ˌsektə She works in the financial sector as banker.

gɪv ˌtestɪməni ɪn ˈkɔːt She gave testimony in court that she had seen
the accused running from the scene of the
crime.
ɪmˈpɔːt We have to import this stone from Italy.

ˈɪmpɔːt There are high taxes on imports.

ˈɪnkriːs They have offered their workers a pay

increase.
ɪnˈkriːs Sales have increased recently.
ɪnˈdʌstriəl ˌsektə High fuel prices have damaged the industrial
sector.

ˌmeɪk ən æləˈgeɪʃən When the missing money was noticed, they

əgenst made an allegation of fraud against Smith.

ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃərɪŋ ˌsektə Our manufacturing sector has shrunk

considerably.
ˌpliːd ˈgɪlti He was given a lighter prison sentence
because he pleaded guilty to the crime.
pəˌzeʃən əv ə kənˌtrəʊld He was arrested on suspicion of possession of
ˈsʌbstəns a controlled substance.

prəˈdʒekt The president sought to project a much

tougher image.
ˈprɒdʒekt We have now finished our research project.
ˈpʌblɪk ˌsektə Public sector workers are asking the
government for a pay rise.
rɪˌsiːv ˌwʌn tə wʌn / Receiving group counselling will not help the
ˌgruːp ˈkaʊnsəlɪŋ most serious offenders.

rɪˌsiːv saɪkiˈætrɪk ˌhelp Prisoners with mental health issues receive

psychiatric help.
rɪˈkɔːd We recorded all their names.

ˈrekɔːd There is no record of her visit.

ˈriːteɪl ˌsektə There are plenty of jobs in the retail sector.

ˌsɜːv ə rɪˌdjuːst ˈsentəns She served a reduced sentence for good

fə ˌgʊd bɪˈheɪvjə behaviour.

ˌsɜːv ðə ˌfʊl ˈsentəns
ʃəʊ ˌevɪdəns ɪn ˈkɔːt
ˈtæks ɪˌveɪʒən
The judge insisted that she serve the full ten
years.
The defence showed evidence in court which
supported the accused’s alibi.
Tax evasion is not a crime, just creative
accounting.
ˈtrænspɔːt The company provides workers with
transport to its factory.

trænˈspɔːt The coal is transported to the power station.

ˈtrænspɔːt ˌsektə Fuel prices are extremely important to the

transport sector.
traɪəl She is being held in custody while waiting for
her trial.
ˌvaɪələnt əˈsɒlt He was convicted of violent assault on a
stranger.
əˈʃeɪmd My behaviour at the party was unforgivable.
I feel so ashamed.
bliːk It's a bleak image of a remote cottage.
ˈklʌtəd I like this photo of a room with very little
furniture in it - it's not too cluttered.
ˈdevəsteɪtɪd It was the biggest game of the year and we
had played appallingly. I was absolutely
devastated.
ˌdɪsɪˈluːʒənd She became disillusioned with politics.

ɪˈlæbərət He's wearing an elaborate costume with fur

and feathers and gold buttons.
ɪˈvɒkətɪv These old photos are very evocative.

ɪgˈzɒtɪk Street photography doesn't rely on having

exotic lenses.
ˈflɔːləs You need perfect light to create a flawless
image.

frʌsˈtreɪtɪd I needed to get in touch but I couldn’t track

her down. I felt very frustrated.

ˈɡliːfəl She gave a gleeful laugh.

ˈgrɪti His war photographs were very gritty.

ˈhelpləs I felt helpless because there was nothing I

could do.
ˈhjuːmərəs Erwitt's photographs tended to be playful,
humorous and amusing.
aɪˈkɒnɪk You may perhaps have seen some of the
artist's iconic work.

ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊə I was the only person at the party who was

over 40. I felt a bit insecure.
ˈdʒeləs My brother had money, friends, and now a
charming wife. I felt extremely jealous.
ˈmiːnɪŋfəl Photos that evoke emotions are far more
powerful and meaningful than just photos
with good composition.
ˌnəʊˈnɒn.səns He gave us some no-nonsense advice.

ˌnɒnˈsensɪkl̩ His theories are completely nonsensical.

əbˈzɜːvənt Good street photography comes down to
having an observant eye.
ˌəʊvərɪkˈsaɪtɪd The children were a bit over-excited.

ˈpetrəfaɪd There was a snake crawling across my foot. I

felt absolutely petrified.
ˈpleɪfəl Erwitt's photographs tended to be playful,
humorous and amusing.
ˈpaʊəfəl Photos that evoke emotions are far more
powerful and meaningful than just photos
with good composition.
prəˈtektɪv His parents were very protective.

rɔː You can sense the raw emotion in her

paintings.
rɪˈpetətɪv The photos are very similar - they get a bit
repetitive.
ˈrestləs I couldn’t concentrate on my book or TV or
work. I was terribly restless.
ˈsætɪsfaɪd We were very satisfied with our holiday.

senˈseɪʃənəl The new art gallery looks sensational.

ˈspiːtʃləs It was the most beautiful thing I’d ever seen. I
was speechless.
ˈterəbli I was terribly restless.
ˈtəʊtəli I was totally speechless.
ˌwel kəmˈpəʊzd His street scenes are well-composed but
rather boring.

ˌæbsəntˈmaɪndɪd He may forget to phone you. He’s rather

absent-minded.
ˈæfəbl̩ This research might explain the affable
tolerance of Canadians.
ˈbækˌbreɪkɪŋ Carrying boxes upstairs was backbreaking
work.
ˌblæŋkˈaɪd Zeno is staring at me, at once uncannily
humanlike but also eerily blank-eyed.
ˈkæpɪtəlɪzəm They were protesting against capitalism.

ˌklɪəˈhedɪd She made her decision in a clear-headed way.

ˈkləʊsnəs There was a closeness between them.

ˈkəʊldnəs I was upset by her coldness towards us.

kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃən They worked in close collaboration with an

architect.

ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃən They helped with the distribution of supplies.

ɪkˈskluːʒən Studies have found that merely being

reminded of an experience of exclusion
prompts people to judge a room’s
temperature as colder.
ˈfeənəs Well my idea for changing the world can be
justified on the grounds of justice and
fairness.
ˌgeɪn pəˈspektɪv We gain perspective at the cost of intimacy.

ˌglɑːsi ˈaɪd The robot spoke to me, whirring and glassy-

eyed.
ˌgrɑːsp ˈvjuːpɔɪnts According to new research, people exposed to
warmer temperatures find it harder to grasp
viewpoints other than their own.
ˈheəˌreɪzɪŋ The brakes on the bus weren’t working
properly so it was a hair-raising journey.
ˌhɑːfˈhɑːtɪd He offered to help, but it was very half-
hearted.
ˌhɑːdˈhɑːtɪd Don’t expect any sympathy – he’s very hard-
hearted.
ˈhɑːtˌwɔːmɪŋ The sight of elderly people in love is heart-
warming.

ˈhjuːmənlaɪk Zeno is staring at me, at once uncannily

humanlike but also eerily blank-eyed.
ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən He knows about all the lastest innovations in
computer technology.

ˈɪntɪməsi We gain perspective at the cost of intimacy.

ˈaɪsəleɪtɪd People worry that social media are making

us lonely and isolated.
ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən She was suffering feelings of isolation.
ˈdʒɔːˌdrɒpɪŋ The amount they paid for the house was jaw-
dropping.
ˌleftˈhændɪd My sister is left-handed.
ˌlɪbəˈreɪʃən I felt a great sense of liberation when I left
my job.
ˈlaɪflaɪk The robot's skin looks and feels startlingly
lifelike.
ˌlaɪtˈhedɪd After eating nothing for ten hours, I began to
feel a bit light-headed.
ˌlaɪtˈhɑːtɪd I’m fed up with serious films. I’d like to see
something more light-hearted.
ˈləʊnlinəs Loneliness makes people feel cold.
məˈtɪəriəlɪzəm I hate the materialism of our society.

ˈmaɪndˌbɒgl̩ɪŋ Did you know there are 100 billion stars just
in our own galaxy? It’s mind-boggling.
ˈmaʊθˌwɔːtərɪŋ We had some mouth-watering Thai food.
ˌnærəʊˈmaɪndɪd Everyone in the village disapproves of my
lifestyle. They’re all so narrow-minded.
ˈnɜːvəsnəs I could sense her nervousness.
ˌəʊpənˈmaɪndɪd He considers other points of view – he's open-
minded.
ˈɒptɪmɪzəm There is little cause for optimism.

ˈɒstrəsɪzəm In a recent experiment, ostracism led to a

drop in skin temperature.

ˈpredʒʊdɪs There is a history of prejudice in the US south.

ˈruːdnəs We were shocked by his rudeness.

sɪˈkjʊərɪti These people have no job security.
ˌsiː ʌðə pəˈspektɪvz We’re better at seeing other perspectives
when we’re chilly.
ˌselfˈkɒnʃəs She's very self-conscious because of her
height.
ˌselfdɪˈtɜːmɪnd The robot may start to evolve spontaneously
and unpredictably, producing surprising
results, totally self-determined.

ˈselfɪʃnəs He complained about the selfishness of his

brothers.
ˌsepərˈeɪʃən Many couples had to endure long periods of
separation.
ˈsepərətɪzm He's a member of the seperatism movement.

ˌʃɔːtˈsaɪtɪd Can you tell me what that sign says? I’m

afraid I’m short-sighted.
ˌsɪliˈmaɪndɪd Robots sometimes seem silly-minded.
ˌsəʊʃəl ˈkɒntækt Temperature may be a crucial way our
bodies keep track of whether we’re getting
the social contact we need.
ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm She is strongly opposed to socialism.

ˈtɒlərəns This research might explain the affable

tolerance of Canadians.

ˈtʌŋtaɪd People feel tongue-tied around

conversational robots.
ˌwɔːmˈhɑːtɪd She will always help her friends – she's
warm hearted.
ˈækni This cream helps reduce scars, acne and skin
rashes, as well as smoothing out wrinkles.

ə ˌgləʊɪŋ kəmˈplekʃən The facial leaves you with a glowing

complexion.
ɑːˈθraɪtɪs Her eyesight is deteriorating and she's got
arthritis in her knees.
ə ˌveərɪd ənd ˌbælənst Weight loss can be aided by eating a varied
ˈdaɪət and balanced diet.
biː ˌfɑːst əˈsliːp My husband is usually fast asleep and he
doesn't notice if I go out.
ˈblɒtʃɪz He came out in blotches all over his arms.

kɔːz Sunbathing can cause wrinkles.

ˌsɜːkjʊˈleɪʃən This alternative massage is designed to

stimulate the blood circulation, creating a
youthful glow.
ˌklɪə ˈskɪn Drinking lots of water can help you to have
clear skin.
kʌm ˈaʊt ɪn If you have an allergic reaction, your skin
might come out in spots.

ˌdrɪft ɒf tə ˈsliːp I go back to bed and I drift off to sleep for a

couple of hours.
ˌdrɒp ɒf tə ˈsliːp I get tired around 03:00 and I drop off to
sleep until 07:00 or so.
ˌdraɪ ˈskɪn This cream can help to prevent dry skin.

ˈfeɪʃəl This treatment is designed to keep the facial

muscles firm.

ˈfeɪʃəl The facial leaves you with a glowing

complexion.
ˌfaɪn ˈlaɪnz I use make-up to hide any fine lines.
fɜːm This treatment is designed to keep the facial
muscles firm.
ˈfrekəlz She gets lots of freckles in summer.

freʃ The facial leaves your skin feeling fresh and

renewed.
get Most people hate it when they start getting
wrinkles.
hæv If you want to be a model, it helps to have a
glowing complexion.
ˌhæv ə ˈnæp I may have a nap later in the day, after lunch.

ˈhɑːt ˌtrʌbl̩ Tooth loss and heart trouble are not

inevitable parts of ageing,
ɪnˈdʒekʃən There’s no need to resort to painful injections
or plastic surgery.
ə ˌlaɪt ˈsliːpə I’ve always been a light sleeper.
ˈmɔɪstʃəraɪz Moisturising daily combined with weekly
facials helps to tighten and plump the skin.
nɒt ˌsliːp ə ˈwɪŋk I couldn’t sleep a wink.
ˌɔɪli ˈskɪn Don't put cream on an oily skin.
ˌəʊvəˈsliːp I never oversleep because I have to get to
work.
ˌplæstɪk ˈsɜːdʒəri There’s no need to resort to painful injections
or plastic surgery.
ˌpɔː sɜːkjʊˈleɪʃən Poor circulation can be improved by regular
cardiovascular exercise.
prɪˈvent Anti-ageing creams are designed to prevent
wrinkles.
ˈprəʊn tuː Young people are often prone to acne.

ræʃ This cream helps reduce scars, acne and skin

rashes, as well as smoothing out wrinkles.

ˌregjʊlə Poor circulation can be improved by regular

kɑːdiəʊˌvæskjʊlər cardiovascular exercise.
ˈeksəsaɪz
ˈrestləs I naturally wake around 01:00 or 02:00 in the
morning and I feel wide awake and quite
restless.
ˈsæɡɪŋ Massage can help to prevent sagging skin.
ˌsæɡi ˈskɪn He has saggy skin on the backs of his arms.
ˌaɪsaɪt dɪˈtɪəriəreɪts Her eyesight is deteriorating and she's got
arthritis in her knees.
skɑː This cream helps reduce scars, acne and skin
rashes, as well as smoothing out wrinkles.

ˌʃəʊ wʌnz ˈeɪdʒ When she's tired, she really shows her age.

ˌsliːp laɪk ə ˈlɒg My husband sleeps like a log.

ˌsmuːð ˈskɪn This facial gives you really smooth skin.
spɒts Lots of teenagers get spots.

ˌstreŋkθənɪŋ cnd ˈtəʊnɪŋ Strengthening and toning exercises help to

ˌeksəsaɪzɪz give you energy.

ˌsʌfə frəm ɪnˈsɒmniə One idea if you’re suffering from insomnia is

to get out there and take some photos.
ˌθɪnɪŋ ænd ˈgreɪɪŋ The thinning and greying of his hair made
him look much older.
ˌtaɪtən ənd ˌplʌmp ðə Moisturising daily combined with weekly
ˈskɪn facials helps to tighten and plump the skin.
ˈtuːθ ˌlɒs Tooth loss and heart trouble are not
inevitable parts of ageing,
ˌtɒs ænd ˈtɜːn My wife used to force me to get out of bed as I
used to lie there tossing and turning all night.

ˈweɪt ˌlɒs Weight loss can be aided by eating a varied

and balanced diet.
ˈwaɪtənɪŋ ˌtuːθpeɪst Try our new whitening toothpaste. You’ll be
amazed.
ˌwaɪd əˈweɪk I naturally wake around 01:00 or 02:00 in the
morning and I feel wide awake and quite
restless.
ˈrɪŋkəlz This cream helps reduce scars, acne and skin
rashes, as well as smoothing out wrinkles.

ˌjeləʊɪŋ ˈtiːθ Try this whitening toothpaste to get rid of

yellowing teeth.
ˌjuːθfəl ˈɡləʊ This alternative massage is designed to
stimulate the blood circulation, creating a
youthful glow.
ˈbʌŋgələʊ My grandparents live in a bungalow.

ˈkæbɪn The walk took us to a log cabin in the woods.

ˈdeɪtɪd Those houses are totally nondescript and
pretty dated.
ˈgreɪsfəl The graceful, elegant lines of the building
are very pleasing to the eye. It’s stunning.
ˈhaʊzɪŋ ɪˌsteɪt I grew up on a housing estate near Hamburg.

ɪmˈpəʊzɪŋ As the town is fairly small, the large castle on

the hill is really too imposing and seems out
of place.
ˈɪnəvətɪv The council wanted a striking and innovative
town hall to bring a modern edge to their city.

ˈmænʃən I know a millionaire who owns a mansion in

the Carribbean.
ˈnɒndɪskrɪpt Those houses are totally nondescript and
pretty dated.
ˌaʊt əv ˈpleɪs As the town is fairly small, the large castle on
the hill is really too imposing and seems out
of place.
ˌəʊvə ðə ˈtɒp I really like the gold leaf in the ceiling
decorations, but for some people it’s tasteless
and over the top.
ˈpenthaʊs She lives in a smart London penthouse.

ˈpaʊə ˌsteɪʃən I work at a power station on the coast.

ˌriːkriˈeɪt There’s a place in China where they’ve
recreated a traditional English town.
ˌriːdɪˈveləp The entire half-mile long stretch of road and
pavement has been redeveloped.
rɪˈgeɪn The town needs new industries so it regains
its appeal as a place to live and work.
rɪˈdʒenəreɪt The council’s policy is to regenerate the port
area of the city.
ˌriːɪnˈsteɪt Removing the speed limit led to so many
accidents that they reinstated it.
rɪˈdʒuːvəneɪt It’s good that students are moving into this
area. It will help to rejuvenate it.

ˈrenəveɪt It’s a beautiful old building. They just need to

renovate it.
rɪˈstɔː The fountain in the main square was dry and
falling to pieces. Now they’ve restored it.

ˈriːteɪl ˌpɑːk We drove to a retail park to do some

shopping.
ˌriːˈvæmp This is the newly revamped Exhibition Road
in the heart of London’s museum quarter.

ˌsemidɪˈtætʃt Our house is semi-detached.

ˈskaɪˌskreɪpə Every city needs an iconic skyscraper or two.

ˈstjuːdiəʊ I can't even afford a studio in this city.

ˈstʌnɪŋ The graceful, elegant lines of the building
are very pleasing to the eye. It’s stunning.
ˈteɪstləs I really like the gold leaf in the ceiling
decorations, but for some people it’s tasteless
an over the top.
ˈtaʊə ˌblɒk Our new office is in a tower block
overlooking the river.
ˈweəhaʊs The books are stored in a warehouse.
əˈdres He kept making comments under his breath
when he was supposed to be addressing the
audience.
əˌsɜːt wʌnz ˈraɪt During the speech, he asserted his right to
express his opinion even if it wasn’t a popular
one.
əˌtæk ˈpɒləsiz The leader of the opposition attacked
government policies in a speech that focused
on the rise in unemployment.
ˈɔːdiəns He kept making comments under his breath
when he was supposed to be addressing the
audience.
ˌbæk ʌp ən ˈɑːgjʊmənt He backed up the arguments he made by
providing examples from recent research.
biː ˌtemptɪŋ ˈfeɪt You should wear a motorbike helmet. You’ve
been lucky so far, but you're tempting fate.

ˈkɒnsept She illustrated the concept with examples.

kənˈkluːd She concluded by encouraging more people
to try one of their free community education
courses.
ˈkɒnfərəns He addressed the conference on Friday.

kənˈvɪnst My grandmother was absolutely convinced

kənˈvɪnsɪŋ The idea that horseshoes bring you luck
doesn’t seem very convincing to me.
ˈkʌstəməri It is customary to hang horseshoes above the
front door.
ˌdemənstreɪt ə ˌnjuː He demonstrated their new approach but it
əˈprəʊtʃ was all a bit boring.
ˌdemənstreɪt wʌnz She demonstrated her understanding of
ʌndəˈstændɪŋ complex social issues by explaining them in
everyday language.
ˈdjuːbiəs I think most things that fortune tellers say
are dubious, to say the least.
ˌfɑːˈfetʃt People’s stories about seeing ghosts usually
sound rather far-fetched to me.
ˌgəʊ ɪntə ˌfɑː tuː mʌtʃ She went into far too much detail and
ˈdiːteɪl presented the information badly.
ˌgəʊ ɪntə ðə ˌfaɪnə ˈpɔɪnts I won't go into the finer points of the law.

ˌgʊd ˈfɔːtʃuːn The charm invites good fortune and brings

wealth to the owner.
ˌgʊd ˈlʌk ˌtʃɑːm These bracelets are worn as a good luck
charm.
ˈgʌləbl̩ People who believe in good luck charms
must be very gullible.
ˌfɪŋɡəz ˈkrɒst ‘I do hope Lisa passes her English exam.’ ‘Yes,
I’ll keep my fingers crossed.'
ˈɪləstreɪt He used lots of anecdotes to illustrate his
points.
ˌmædʒɪk ˈspel This mirror protects the house against magic
spells.
ˌmeɪk ə ˈwɪʃ You make a wish with every knot you tie in
the ribbon.
meɪk ˌkɒments ʌndə He kept making comments under his breath
wʌnz ˈbreθ when he was supposed to be addressing the
audience.
meɪk ˌθrəʊəweɪ rɪˈmɑːks She made some throwaway remarks about
her childhood.
muːv ˌɒn tuː ə ˌnjuː / She lost her place whenever she moved on to
ˌdɪfərənt ˈtɒpɪk a new topic!

ˌpeɪ ˈtrɪbjuːt She began by paying tribute to all the

teachers who had inspired her throughout
her school years.
pəˈsweɪsɪv When she talks about magic, I’m sure what
she says is true. She’s very persuasive.
ˈplɔːzəbl̩ My friend says a fortune teller’s advice led
him to success, but I don’t find this very
plausible.
prɪˈzənt She went into far too much detail and
presented the information badly.
prɪˌzənt ˌkiː ɪnfəˈmeɪʃən She presented key information in easy-to-
read tables.
ˌsel ən aɪˈdɪə In her presentation, she sold the idea of more
flexible working hours to her managers.

ˌsʌməraɪz ðə ˌkiː aɪˈdɪəz She summarised the key ideas in her

presentation with a list of bullet points.
ˌθɜːd taɪm ˈlʌki I’ve failed the driving test twice now. Ah well,
third time lucky.

tə ˌbiː ɒn ðə ˈseɪf ˌsaɪd I know it’s not raining, but take an umbrella
just to be on the safe side.
ˌtʌtʃ ˈwʊd They’ve agreed to sell the house, so this time
next week it’ll be ours – touch wood.
trəˈdɪʃənəli Horseshoes were traditionally nailed above
doorways.

ˌvɔɪs kənˈsɜːnz He saw his speech as an opportunity to voice

concerns about the rise in crime in his
neighbourhood.
ˌwɔːd ɒf ˈiːvəl The mirrors face outwards so they can
ward off evil.
Advanced wordlist
ENGLISH PoS Definition Pronunciation (UK)

(I'll keep my) phrase something you say when you hope that ˌfɪŋɡəz ˈkrɒst
fingers crossed something will happen the way you want it to
a distant memory phrase a memory that is not clear because the thing ə ˌdɪstənt ˈmeməri
you remember happened a long time ago

a glowing phrase the warm, healthy appearance of the skin on ə ˌgləʊɪŋ kəmˈplekʃən
complexion someone’s face

a lasting memory phrase something that you never forget ə ˌlɑːstɪŋ ˈmeməri

a painful memory phrase a memory that makes you feel upset ə ˌpeɪnfəl ˈmeməri

a photographic phrase the ability to remember things in great detail ə fəʊtəˌgræfɪk ˈmeməri
memory
a rapid rise phrase a fast increase ə ˌræpɪd ˈraɪz

a rational thinker phrase someone whose thoughts are based on facts ə ˌræʃənəl ˈθɪŋkə
and not affected by their emotions or
imagination
a steady shift phrase a continuing change ə ˌstedi ˈʃɪft

a tropical paradise phrase a very beautiful place in a hot area ə ˌtrɒpɪkəl ˈpærədaɪs

a vague memory phrase a memory that is not clear ə ˌveɪg ˈmeməri

a varied and phrase a diet that includes healthy amounts of a lot of ə ˌveərɪd ənd ˌbælənst
balanced diet different foods ˈdaɪət
a vivid memory phrase a memory that is very clear ə ˌvɪvɪd ˈmeməri

absent-minded adj often forgetting things ˌæbsəntˈmaɪndɪd

acne noun a skin problem that causes a lot of red spots on ˈækni
the face
acquire a language phrase to learn a language əˌkwaɪər ə ˈlæŋgwɪdʒ

acquisition noun the process of learning or getting something ˌækwɪˈzɪʃən

address verb to speak to someone əˈdres

affable adj pleasant and friendly ˈæfəbl̩

affluent adj having a lot of money ˈæfluənt

agricultural sector noun businesses and industries connected with ˌægrɪˈkʌltʃərəl ˌsektə
farming
arid desert phrase a large sandy area with almost no rain ˌærɪd ˈdezət

arrest sb on phrase If the police arrest someone on suspicion of a əˌrest ɒn səˈspɪʃən əv

suspicion of sth crime, they take them to the police station
because they think they committed it.
arthritis noun an illness which causes pain in the parts of the ɑːˈθraɪtɪs
body where bones meet

ashamed adj feeling bad because you have done something əˈʃeɪmd
wrong
assert one's right phrase to say strongly that you have the right to do əˌsɜːt wʌnz ˈraɪt
(to do sth) something

attack policies phrase to criticize someone's ideas and plans əˌtæk ˈpɒləsiz

attain a level / phrase to reach a particular standard əˌteɪn ə ˌlevəl /dɪˌgriː əv

degree of ˈkɒmpɪtəns
competence

audience noun the people who sit and watch a performance at ˈɔːdiəns
a theatre, cinema, etc

back up an phrase to give information that proves that what you ˌbæk ʌp ən ˈɑːgjʊmənt
argument are saying is correct
back-breaking adj needing a lot of hard, physical effort ˈbækˌbreɪkɪŋ

ban sb from doing phrase to tell someone officially that they cannot do ˈbæn frəm
sth something
barely perceptible phrase almost impossible to notice ˌbeəli pəˈseptəbl̩

be arrested on phrase If someone is arrested on suspicion of a crime, biː əˌrestɪd ɒn səˈspɪʃən

suspicion of sth they are taken to the police station because the əv
be banned from phrase to be officially told that you cannot do biː ˈbænd frəm
doing sth something

be brought face-to- phrase to meet a person against whom you have biː brɔːt ˌfeɪs tə ˈfeɪs wɪð
face with a victim committed a crime ə ˌvɪktɪm
be convicted of sth phrase to be found guilty of a crime biː kənˈvɪktɪd əv

be fast asleep phrase very deeply asleep biː ˌfɑːst əˈsliːp

be fined phrase to be forced to pay money as a punishment biː ˈfaɪnd

be found guilty (of phrase If you are found guilty of a crime, a court biː ˌfaʊnd ˈgɪlti
sth) decides you have done it.

be held in custody phrase
be held in solitary phrase
confinement
be on the way out phrase
to be kept in prison, especially when waiting bi: ˌheld ɪn ˈkʌstədi
for a trial
to be kept in a room on your own in a prison biː ˌheld ɪn ˌsɒlɪtəri
kənˈfaɪnmənt
to start to disappear or no longer exist biː ˌɒn ðə weɪ ˈaʊt

be sentenced to phrase to be given the punishment of spending the biː ˌsentəntst tə ˌlaɪf
life imprisonment rest of your life in prison ɪmˈprɪzənmənt
be tempting fate phrase to take a silly risk and depend too much on biː ˌtemptɪŋ ˈfeɪt
good luck
blank-eyed adj with eyes that do not express thoughts or ˌblæŋkˈaɪd
emotions
bleak adj without comfort, decoration or happiness bliːk

blotches plural noun marks that are not regular in shape, for ˈblɒtʃɪz
example on a person's skin

bog noun an area of soft, wet ground bɒg

bombard sb with verb to give someone too much information, ask bɒmˈbɑːd wɪð
sth them too many questions, etc

bribery and phrase the crime of trying to make people do illegal ˌbraɪbəri ənd kəˈrʌpʃən
corruption things by paying them, giving them presents,
bring out sth (in verb to make a particular quality noticeable brɪŋ ˈaʊt
sb)
bring sb face-to- phrase to bring someone to meet a person against brɪŋ ˌfeɪs tə ˈfeɪs wɪð ə
face with a victim whom they have committed a crime ˌvɪktɪm
brush up (one’s verb to improve your skills in a language brʌʃ ˈʌp
French / German,
bungalow noun a house that has all its rooms on the ground ˈbʌŋgələʊ
floor
cabin noun a small house made of wood ˈkæbɪn
calm turquoise phrase very still, blue-green sea ˌkɑːm ˌtɜːkwɔɪz ˈwɔːtəz
waters
capability noun the ability or power to do something ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlɪti
capitalism noun a political and economic system in which ˈkæpɪtəlɪzəm
industry is owned privately for profit and not
cast your mind phrase to try to remember something that happened in ˌkɑːst jɔː maɪnd ˈbæk
back (to sth) the past
cause verb to make something happen, especially kɔːz
something bad
circulation noun the movement of blood around the body ˌsɜːkjʊˈleɪʃən

clear skin phrase skin, especially on the face, that has no spots or ˌklɪə ˈskɪn
clear-headed adj thinking in a clear and logical way ˌklɪəˈhedɪd

closeness noun knowing someone well and liking each other a ˈkləʊsnəs
lot
cluttered adj untidy and too full of objects ˈklʌtəd

coldness noun the quality of being unfriendly ˈkəʊldnəs

collaboration noun when two or more people work together to kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃən
create or achieve the same thing, or a product
come across (to verb to seem to be a particular kind of person kʌm əˈkrɒs
sb)
come out in (a verb If you come out in something such as spots, they kʌm ˈaʊt ɪn
come to mind phrase If something comes to mind, you think of it. ˌkʌm tə ˈmaɪnd

community service noun work that is of benefit to the community, done ˌduː kəˌmjuːnəti ˈsɜːvɪs
as a form of punishment
competence noun the ability to do something well ˈkɒmpɪtəns

concept noun an idea or principle ˈkɒnsept

conclude verb to end something kənˈkluːd

conference noun a large meeting, often lasting a few days, where ˈkɒnfərəns
people talk about a subject
conscientious adj always doing your work with a lot of care ˌkɒnʃiˈenʃəs

conscious adj awake and able to think and notice things ˈkɒnʃəs

construction noun businesses and industries connected with kənˈstrʌkʃən ˌsektə

sector making buildings, roads, etc
contract verb to make a legal agreement with someone to do kənˈtrækt
work or to have work done for you
contract noun a legal agreement between two people or ˈkɒntrækt
organizations

convict sb of sth phrase to say officially that someone is guilty of a crime kənˈvɪkt əv

convinced adj completely certain about something kənˈvɪnst

convincing adj able to make you believe that something is true kənˈvɪnsɪŋ
or right
crawl verb to move on your hands and knees krɔːl

credit card fraud phrase the crime of using a credit card or th details of a ˈkredɪt kɑːd ˌfrɔːd
credit card in an illegal way

creep verb to move very quietly and carefully kriːp

customary adj normal or expected for a particular person, ˈkʌstəməri

situation, or society

cut oneself off verb to keep yourself away from other people kʌt wʌnself ˈɒf

dark pools of phrase small areas of water that is dark in colour and dɑːk ˌpuːlz əv ˌstægnənt
stagnant water smells unpleasant because it does not flow ˈwɔːtə

dated adj not modern ˈdeɪtɪd

dedication noun being willing to give a lot of time and energy to ˌdedɪˈkeɪʃən
demonstrate a verb to show a different way of doing something ˌdemənstreɪt ə ˌnjuː
new approach əˈprəʊtʃ
demonstrate one's phrase to show that you understand something well ˌdemənstreɪt wʌnz
understanding ʌndəˈstændɪŋ

dense adj with a lot of people or things close together dens

deprived adj not having enough food, money, and the things dɪˈpraɪvd
that you need to have a normal life

destitute adj so poor that you do not have the basic things ˈdestɪtjuːt
you need to live, such as food, clothes, or money
devastated adj very shocked and upset ˈdevəsteɪtɪd

discipline noun the ability to control yourself and make ˈdɪsəplɪn

yourself do things
disillusioned adj feeling disappointed because something is not ˌdɪsɪˈluːʒənd
as good as you thought it was
disposable income phrase the amount of money that you have available to dɪˌspəʊzəbl̩ ˈɪŋkʌm
spend after tax, rent and other basic things that
distraction noun something that makes you stop giving your dɪˈstrækʃən
attention to something else

distribution noun when something is supplied or given out to ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃən

people or places
drift verb to be moved slowly somewhere by wind or drɪft
water
drift off to sleep phrase to to gradually start to sleep ˌdrɪft ɒf tə ˈsliːp
drop off to sleep phrase to start to sleep ˌdrɒp ɒf tə ˈsliːp

dry skin phrase skin that does not have as much oil in it as it ˌdraɪ ˈskɪn
needs
dubious adj thought not to be completely true, honest, or ˈdjuːbiəs
legal

elaborate adj complicated or with a lot of details ɪˈlæbərət

empty moorland phrase an open area of countryside with rough grass ˌempti ˈmɔːlənd
and bushes but no trees

energy sector noun businesses and industries connected with ˈenədʒi ˌsektə
producing and selling fuel

entirely unnoticed phrase not noticed at all ɪnˌtaɪəli ʌnˈnəʊtɪst

evocative adj making you remember or imagine something ɪˈvɒkətɪv

that is pleasant

exclusion noun when someone or something is not allowed to ɪkˈskluːʒən

take part in an activity or to enter a place

exotic adj unusual, interesting, and often foreign ɪgˈzɒtɪk

export verb to send goods to another country in order to ɪkˈspɔːt

sell them there
export noun a product that you sell in another country ˈekspɔːt

exposure noun when someone experiences something or is ɪkˈspəʊʒə

affected by it because they are in a particular
situation or place
facial adj of or on the face ˈfeɪʃəl

facial noun a beauty treatment involving gentle rubbing of ˈfeɪʃəl

fairness noun when you treat everyone in the same way, so ˈfeənəs
that no one has an advantage
far-fetched adj difficult to believe and not likely to be true ˌfɑːˈfetʃt

finance noun the money that someone / an organisation has ˈfaɪnæns

finance verb to give the money that is needed to do fɪˈnæns / ˈfaɪnæns

something

financial sector noun businesses and industries connected with faɪˈnænʃəl ˌsektə
money
find sb guilty (of phrase If a judge or jury finds you guilty, they decide ˌfaɪnd ˈgɪlti
sth) that you committed a crime.
fine verb to make someone pay money as a punishment faɪn
fine lines phrase very narrow lines on the skin of your face ˌfaɪn ˈlaɪnz

firm adj not soft, but not completely hard fɜːm

fit in verb to feel that you belong to a particular group fɪt ˈɪn
and are accepted by them
flawless adj with no mistakes or bad characteristics ˈflɔːləs

foothills plural noun the lower hills next to a mountain or line of ˈfʊthɪlz
mountains
forest canopy phrase the branches and leaves that spread out at the ˌfɒrɪst ˈkænəpi
top of a group of trees forming a type of roof
freckles plural noun small, pale brown spots on the skin ˈfrekəlz

fresh adj clean and pleasant freʃ

frustrated adj annoyed because things are not happening in frʌsˈtreɪtɪd

the way that you want, or in the way that they
gain perspective phrase to learn to understand which things are most ˌgeɪn pəˈspektɪv
important in life
get verb to obtain or buy something get

get accustomed to phrase to experience something often enough for it to ˌget əˈkʌstəmd tu:
sth seem normal to you
get to grips with phrase to understand and deal with a problem or ˌget tə ˈɡrɪps wɪð
sth situation

give testimony in phrase to give a statement in court about what you gɪv ˌtestɪməni ɪn ˈkɔːt
court know about a crime
glassy-eyed adj having shiny eyes that make you look as ˌglɑːsi ˈaɪd
though you have no emotions

gleeful adj full of happiness, excitement or pleasure ˈɡliːfəl

go into far too phrase to give much too much information about ˌgəʊ ɪntə ˌfɑː tuː mʌtʃ
much detail something ˈdiːteɪl

go into the finer phrase to talk about small details of something ˌgəʊ ɪntə ðə ˌfaɪnə ˈpɔɪnts
points

go on about sth verb to talk in an annoying way about something for gəʊ ˈɒn əbaʊt
a long time
go with one's gut phrase to do what your feelings tell you is right ˌgəʊ wɪð wʌnz gʌt
instinct ˈɪnstɪŋkt
good fortune phrase good luck ˌgʊd ˈfɔːtʃuːn

good luck charm phrase an object that is thought to have the ability to ˌgʊd ˈlʌk ˌtʃɑːm
bring good luck

graceful adj elegant and attractive ˈgreɪsfəl

gradually give way phrase to slowly be replaced by something ˌgrædjʊli gɪv ˈweɪ tuː
to sth

grasp verb to understand something grɑːsp

grasp viewpoints phrase to understand other people's opinions ˌgrɑːsp ˈvjuːpɔɪnts

gritty adj showing unpleasant details about a situation ˈgrɪti

in a way that seems very real
grow substantially phrase to increase by a large amount ˌgrəʊ səbˈstænʃəli

gullible adj Someone who is gullible is easily tricked ˈgʌləbl̩

because they trust people too much.
hair-raising adj very frightening ˈheəˌreɪzɪŋ

half-hearted adj without much effort or interest ˌhɑːfˈhɑːtɪd

hard-hearted adj not caring how other people feel ˌhɑːdˈhɑːtɪd

hardship noun a problem or situation that makes you suffer a ˈhɑːdʃɪp

lot, especially because you are very poor

have verb to own something hæv

have a hunch phrase to have an idea that is based on feeling and for ˌhæv ə ˈhʌntʃ
which there is no proof

have a nap phrase to have a short sleep ˌhæv ə ˈnæp

have an ear for sth phrase to be good at hearing, repeating, or ˌhæv ən ˈɪə fə
understanding a particular type of sound
heart trouble phrase an illness connected with the heart ˈhɑːt ˌtrʌbl̩

heart-warming adj seeming to be something positive and good and ˈhɑːtˌwɔːmɪŋ

therefore causing feelings of pleasure and
helpless adj not able to do things for yourself or protect ˈhelpləs
yourself
hold a phrase to have a conversation ˌhəʊld ə ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃən
conversation
hold oneself back verb to prevent yourself from doing something həʊld wʌnself ˈbæk

hold sb in custody phrase to keep someone in prison, especially when ˌhəʊld ɪn ˈkʌstədi
hold sb in solitary phrase to keep someone in a room on their own in a ˌhəʊld ɪn ˌsɒlɪtəri
confinement prison kənˈfaɪnmənt
housing estate noun an area with a large number of houses that ˈhaʊzɪŋ ɪˌsteɪt
were built at the same time
huge sand dunes phrase very large hills of sand in a desert on on the ˌhjuːdʒ ˈsænd dʒuːnz
coast
hugely significant phrase very important ˌhjuːdʒli sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt

humanlike adj similar to a person ˈhjuːmənlaɪk

humorous adj funny, or making you laugh ˈhjuːmərəs

hurtle verb to move very quickly in a way which is not ˈhɜːtl̩

controlled and may be dangerous
iconic adj very famous or popular, especially being aɪˈkɒnɪk
illustrate verb to show the meaning or truth of something ˈɪləstreɪt
more clearly

immerse oneself in phrase to become completely involved in something ɪˈmɜːs wʌnˌself ɪn

sth

import verb to buy or bring in products from another ɪmˈpɔːt

country
import noun a product which is imported from another ˈɪmpɔːt
country
imposing adj looking big and important ɪmˈpəʊzɪŋ

impoverished adj poor or made poor ɪmˈpɒvərɪʃt

increase noun when the number or size of something gets ˈɪnkriːs

bigger

increase verb to get bigger or to make something bigger ɪnˈkriːs

industrial sector noun businesses and industries connected with ɪnˈdʌstriəl ˌsektə
producing goods, especially in factories or
special areas
injection noun when someone puts a drug into your body ɪnˈdʒekʃən
using a needle
innovation noun a new idea or method that is being tried for the ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən
first time, or the use of such ideas or methods

innovative adj using new methods or ideas ˈɪnəvətɪv

insecure adj having no confidence in yourself and what ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊə

you can do
insight noun the ability to understand what something is ˈɪnsaɪt
really like, or an example of this
interaction noun the activity of talking and doing things with ˌɪntəˈrækʃən
other people, or the way you do this
interference noun when something affects what you are trying to ˌɪntəˈfɪərəns
achieve
intimacy noun when you have a very special friendship or ˈɪntɪməsi
sexual relationship with someone
isolated adj feeling unhappy because of not seeing or ˈaɪsəleɪtɪd
talking to other people

isolation noun a feeling of being lonely ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən

jaw-dropping adj very surprising or shocking ˈdʒɔːˌdrɒpɪŋ

jealous adj not happy because you want something that ˈdʒeləs
someone else has
jungle noun an area of land in a hot country where trees ˈdʒʌŋgl̩
and plants grow close together
keep at it phrase to continue working hard at something difficult kiːp ˈæt ɪt

know sth phrase to know something without actively thinking ˌnəʊ sʌbˈkɒntʃəsli
subconsciously about it
lasting adj continuing to exist for a long time ˈlɑːstɪŋ

leap verb to jump somewhere liːp

left-handed adj using your left hand to do most things ˌleftˈhændɪd

liberation noun an occasion when something or someone is ˌlɪbəˈreɪʃən

released or made free.
lifelike adj If something is lifelike, it looks real. ˈlaɪflaɪk

light sleeper phrase someone who is easily woken up by noise, etc ə ˌlaɪt ˈsliːpə

light-headed adj dizzy ˌlaɪtˈhedɪd

light-hearted adj not serious ˌlaɪtˈhɑːtɪd

limitation noun when something is controlled so that it is less ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən

than a particular amount or number
limp verb to walk with difficulty because one of your legs lɪmp
or feet is hurt
literacy noun the ability to read and write ˈlɪtərəsi
live within one's phrase to not spend more money than you have ˌlɪv wɪˌðɪn wʌnz ˈmiːnz
means
loneliness noun the state of being lonely ˈləʊnlinəs

magic spell noun words that are thought to have magical powers ˌmædʒɪk ˈspel
make a wish phrase to think of something that you hope will be ˌmeɪk ə ˈwɪʃ
made real by magic powers
make an allegation phrase to say that someone has done something wrong ˌmeɪk ən æləˈgeɪʃən
of sth against sb əgenst
make comments phrase to say things very quietly so that other people meɪk ˌkɒments ʌndə
under one's breath cannot hear exactly what you are saying wʌnz ˈbreθ

make ends meet phrase to have or earn enough money to be able to pay ˌmeɪk endz ˈmiːt
for the things you need
make throwaway phrase to say things without thinking carefully and in meɪk ˌθrəʊəweɪ rɪˈmɑːks
remarks a way that is not intended to be serious
mansion noun a very large house ˈmænʃən

manufacturing noun businesses and industries connected with ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃərɪŋ ˌsektə

sector making goods
march verb When soldiers march, they walk together with mɑːtʃ
regular steps.
marsh noun an area of soft, wet land mɑːʃ

materialism noun the belief that having money and possessions is məˈtɪəriəlɪzəm
the most important thing in life
meaningful adj useful, serious, or important ˈmiːnɪŋfəl

mentality noun a person's opinions or way of thinking menˈtæləti

mind-boggling adj difficult to accept, imagine, or understand ˈmaɪndˌbɒgl̩ɪŋ

moisturise verb to put cream on your skin to stop it from ˈmɔɪstʃəraɪz

becoming dry
mosquito-infested phrase an area of very soft, wet land that has a lot of mɒˌskiːtəʊ ɪnˌfestɪd
motivation noun the need or reason for doing something ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃən

mouth-watering adj delicious ˈmaʊθˌwɔːtərɪŋ

move on to a phrase to start to talk about something different muːv ˌɒn tuː ə ˌnjuː /
new/different ˌdɪfərənt ˈtɒpɪk
topic

narrow-minded adj not willing to accept new ideas or opinions ˌnærəʊˈmaɪndɪd

different from your own
necessity noun something that you need nəˈsesɪti
nervousness noun the state of being nervous ˈnɜːvəsnəs

nondescript adj not interesting ˈnɒndɪskrɪpt

no-nonsense adj practical and serious, and only interested in ˌnəʊˈnɒn.səns

doing what is necessary or achieving what is
intended, without silly ideas or methods
nonsensical adj silly or stupid ˌnɒnˈsensɪkl̩

not sleep a wink phrase to not sleep at all nɒt ˌsliːp ə ˈwɪŋk
observant adj good or quick at noticing things əbˈzɜːvənt

oily skin phrase skin that has too much oil in it ˌɔɪli ˈskɪn

on impulse phrase suddenly and without thinking first ɒn ˈɪmpʌls

on the increase phrase If something is on the increase, it is happening ˌɒn ðiː ˈɪnkriːs
more often.
ongoing adj still happening ˈɒŋgəʊɪŋ

open-minded adj willing to consider ideas and opinions that are ˌəʊpənˈmaɪndɪd
new or different to your own

optimism noun when you believe good things will happen ˈɒptɪmɪzəm
ostracism noun the practice of avoiding someone intentionally ˈɒstrəsɪzəm
or preventing them from taking part in the
out of place adj very different from other things in an area and ˌaʊt əv ˈpleɪs
not seeming suitable for it

over the top adj too extreme and not suitable ˌəʊvə ðə ˈtɒp

over-excited adj behaving in a silly way because you are too ˌəʊvərɪkˈsaɪtɪd
excited
oversleep verb to sleep longer than you wanted to ˌəʊvəˈsliːp

pay tribute (to sb / phrase to praise someone or something ˌpeɪ ˈtrɪbjuːt

sth)

penthouse noun an expensive apartment at the top of a building ˈpenthaʊs

persuasive adj able to make people agree to do something pəˈsweɪsɪv

petrified adj extremely frightened ˈpetrəfaɪd

pick up (a new verb to learn a new language by practising it and pɪk ˈʌp
language, phrases, not by being taught
plastic surgery noun operations on someone's face or body to make ˌplæstɪk ˈsɜːdʒəri
plausible adj If something that someone says or writes is ˈplɔːzəbl̩
plausible, it could be true.
playful adj funny and not serious ˈpleɪfəl
plead guilty (to phrase to admit in court that you committed a crime ˌpliːd ˈgɪlti
sth)
plunge verb to fall or move down very quickly and with plʌndʒ
force
poor circulation phrase when the blood does not travel around your ˌpɔː sɜːkjʊˈleɪʃən
body as strongly as it should
possession of a phrase the crime of having illegal drugs pəˌzeʃən əv ə kənˌtrəʊld
controlled ˈsʌbstəns
power station noun a place where electricity is produced ˈpaʊə ˌsteɪʃən
powerful adj having a very great effect on your emotions ˈpaʊəfəl

prejudice noun when someone does not like a group of people ˈpredʒʊdɪs
or treats them badly because they are a
different race, sex, religion, etc
present verb to give, provide, or make something known prɪˈzənt

present key phrase to tell an audience very important facts prɪˌzənt ˌkiː ɪnfəˈmeɪʃən
information

prestige noun when people feel respect and admiration for presˈtiːʒ
prevent verb to stop something happening or to stop prɪˈvent
someone doing something
pristine beaches phrase very clean and beautiful beaches ˌprɪstiːn ˈbiːtʃɪz

project verb to emphasise a particular quality, so that this is prəˈdʒekt

what people notice about you

project noun a planned piece of work ˈprɒdʒekt

prone to (spots, phrase likely to suffer from an illness or show a ˈprəʊn tuː
prosperity noun when a person or a country has a lot of money prɒsˈperɪti

protective adj wanting to protect someone from criticism, prəˈtektɪv

hurt, danger, etc because you like them
public sector noun businesses and industries that are owned or ˈpʌblɪk ˌsektə
controlled by the government
put sth into phrase to start to do something you have learned how ˌpʊt ɪntuː ˈpræktɪs
practice to do

rainforest noun a forest with a lot of tall trees where it rains a lot ˈreɪnfɒrɪst

rash noun a temporary skin condition involving a group ræʃ

of small spots

rational adj based on facts and not affected by someone's ˈræʃənəl

emotions or imagination

raw adj Feelings or qualities that are raw are strong rɔː
and difficult to control.
reasonable adj fair and showing good judgment ˈriːzənəbl̩
receive one-to-one phrase to get advice from someone who is trained to rɪˌsiːv ˌwʌn tə wʌn /
/ group listen to your problems on your own / with a ˌgruːp ˈkaʊnsəlɪŋ
counselling group of other people
receive psychiatric phrase to get help from a doctor who treats mental rɪˌsiːv saɪkiˈætrɪk ˌhelp
help illness

record verb to write down information or store it on a rɪˈkɔːd

computer so that it can be used in the future
record noun information that is written on paper or stored ˈrekɔːd
on a computer so that it can be used in the
recreate verb to make something exist or happen again ˌriːkriˈeɪt

redevelop verb to make a place more modern by improving old ˌriːdɪˈveləp

buildings or building new ones
refresh one’s hp to remind yourself of something you already rɪˌfreʃ wʌnz ˈmeməri
memory (of sth) know
regain verb to get something back again rɪˈgeɪn

regenerate verb to improve a place or system rɪˈdʒenəreɪt

regular phrase regular exercise that strengthens your heart ˌregjʊlə

cardiovascular and lungs kɑːdiəʊˌvæskjʊlər
reinstate verb to cause a rule, law, etc to exist again ˌriːɪnˈsteɪt

rejuvenate verb to make a place look new and lively again rɪˈdʒuːvəneɪt

relate to sb verb to understand and communicate with someone rɪˈleɪt tə

in a particular way

reluctance noun when someone does not want to do something rɪˈlʌktəns

remote adj far away rɪˈməʊt

renovate verb to repair and decorate a building that is old ˈrenəveɪt

and in bad condition
repetitive adj doing or saying the same thing several times, rɪˈpetətɪv
especially in a way that is boring

restless adj not able to be still or relax because you are ˈrestləs
bored or nervous
restless adj unwilling or unable to stay still or to be quiet ˈrestləs
and calm, because you are worried or bored

restore verb to repair something old rɪˈstɔː

retail park noun an area with several large shops, usually ˈriːteɪl ˌpɑːk
retail sector noun businesses and industries connected with ˈriːteɪl ˌsektə
selling things in shops or online
revamp verb to change something in order to make it better ˌriːˈvæmp

rich green meadow phrase a field with a lot of grass ˌrɪtʃ ˌgriːn ˈmedəʊ
rocky ground phrase ground that is covered with large pieces of ˌrɒki ˈgraʊnd
stone
roll verb to move somewhere by turning in a circular rəʊl
direction
rudeness noun the quality of being rude ˈruːdnəs

rugged coastline phrase rough and rocky land by the edge of the sea ˌrʌgɪd ˈkəʊstlaɪn

run sb down verb to criticize someone, often unfairly rʌn ˈdaʊn

rush verb to hurry or move somewhere quickly rʌʃ

rusty adj If a skill you had is rusty, it is not now good ˈrʌsti
because you have forgotten it.

sagging adj hanging down lower, less firm than before ˈsæɡɪŋ
saggy skin phrase skin that is loose and hangs down ˌsæɡi ˈskɪn
satisfied adj pleased because you have got what you wanted ˈsætɪsfaɪd

sb's eyesight phrase If your eyesight deteriorates, you begin to see ˌaɪsaɪt dɪˈtɪəriəreɪts
deteriorates less well.
scar noun a permanent mark left on the body from a cut or skɑː
other injury
security noun when something is not likely to fail or be lost sɪˈkjʊərɪti
see other phrase to understand the situations and opinions of ˌsiː ʌðə pəˈspektɪvz
perspectives other people

self-confident adj feeling sure about yourself and your abilities ˌselfˈkɒnfɪdənt

self-conscious adj too aware of what other people are thinking ˌselfˈkɒnʃəs
about you and your appearance

self-conscious adj too aware of what other people are thinking ˌselfˈkɒnʃəs
about you and your appearance

self-determined adj making your own decisions ˌselfdɪˈtɜːmɪnd

selfishness noun the quality of being selfish ˈselfɪʃnəs

sell an idea phrase to persuade people that an idea is good ˌsel ən aɪˈdɪə

semi-detached adj A semi-detached house has one wall that is ˌsemidɪˈtætʃt

joined to another house.

sensational adj very exciting or extremely good senˈseɪʃənəl

sensible adj showing the ability to make good decisions and ˈsensɪbl̩
do things which will not make problems
sensitive adj often upset by the things people say or do ˈsensɪtɪv
sentence sb to life phrase to give someone the punishment of spending ˌsentənts tə ˌlaɪf
imprisonment the rest of their life in prison ɪmˈprɪzənmənt
separation noun when people or things are separate or become ˌsepərˈeɪʃən
separate from other people or things
separatism noun the belief held by people of a particular race, ˈsepərətɪzm
religion or other group within a country that
they should be independent or live apart from
serve a reduced phrase to be allowed to leave prison early because you ˌsɜːv ə rɪˌdjuːst ˈsentəns
sentence for good have behaved well fə ˌgʊd bɪˈheɪvjə
serve the full phrase to be in prison for the whole time the court said ˌsɜːv ðə ˌfʊl ˈsentəns
sentence you should stay there

sheer cliffs phrase vertical cliffs ˌʃɪə ˈklɪfs

short-sighted adj not able to see far without wearing glasses ˌʃɔːtˈsaɪtɪd

show evidence in phrase to show proof of something during a trial ʃəʊ ˌevɪdəns ɪn ˈkɔːt
court
show one's age phrase to look as old as you are, especially when you ˌʃəʊ wʌnz ˈeɪdʒ
are old
silly-minded adj not intelligent ˌsɪliˈmaɪndɪd

skyscraper noun a very tall building ˈskaɪˌskreɪpə

sleep like a log phrase to sleep very well ˌsliːp laɪk ə ˈlɒg
slide verb to move smoothly over a surface slaɪd

slip one’s mind phrase If something slips your mind, you forget it. ˌslɪp wʌnz ˈmaɪnd

slip out verb If a remark slips out, you say it without slɪp ˈaʊt
intending to.
smooth skin phrase skin that has no wrinkles, spots or other lumps ˌsmuːð ˈskɪn
soar verb to move quickly and smoothly in the sky sɔː

social contact phrase time spent with other people, especially friends ˌsəʊʃəl ˈkɒntækt

socialism noun a political system in which the government ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm

owns important businesses and industries, and
which allows the people to share the money
speechless adj unable to speak because you are so angry, ˈspiːtʃləs
shocked, surprised, etc

spots plural noun small raised red circles on the skin that are spɒts
temporary
stagger verb to walk as if you might fall ˈstægə

strengthening and phrase physical exercises that make your stonger and ˌstreŋkθənɪŋ cnd ˈtəʊnɪŋ
toning exercises make your body more firm ˌeksəsaɪzɪz
stroll verb to walk somewhere in a slow and relaxed way strəʊl

struggle (with sth) verb to find something difficult ˈstrʌgl̩ wɪð

studio noun a very small apartment with one main room ˈstjuːdiəʊ
stunning adj very beautiful ˈstʌnɪŋ

subtle adj not obvious or easy to notice ˈsʌtəl

suffer from phrase to have the condition of not being able to sleep, ˌsʌfə frəm ɪnˈsɒmniə
insomnia over a period of time
summarise the key phrase to express the most important facts or ideas in a ˌsʌməraɪz ðə ˌkiː aɪˈdɪəz
ideas short and clear form
take hold phrase to start to be frequent teɪk ˈhəʊld

take spontaneous phrase to decide things quickly without thinking about ˌteɪk spɒnˌteɪniəs
decisions them a lot dɪˈsɪʒənz

tasteless adj ugly or without style ˈteɪstləs

tax evasion phrase the crime of not paying the tax you owe ˈtæks ɪˌveɪʒən

terribly adv very ˈterəbli

the heart of (the phrase the middle of an area ðə ˈhɑːt əv

rainforest, capital,
jungle, etc)
the mouth of a cave phrase the open entrance of a cave ðə ˌmaʊθ əv ə ˈkeɪv

the pros and cons phrase the advantages and disadvantages of ðə ˌprəʊz ənd ˈkɒnz
something
think logically phrase to think in a way that uses facts and reason ˌθɪŋk ˈlɒdʒɪkli

think sth over verb to consider an idea or plan carefully before θɪŋk ˈəʊvə
making a decision

think twice before phrase to think very carefully before you do something ˌθɪŋk ˈtwaɪs bɪfɔː
doing sth

thinning and phrase becoming thin and grey ˌθɪnɪŋ ænd ˈgreɪɪŋ
greying
third time lucky phrase something you say when you hope that ˌθɜːd taɪm ˈlʌki
something will be successful on its third
tighten and plump phrase to make your skin tighter and less thin ˌtaɪtən ənd ˌplʌmp ðə
the skin ˈskɪn
to be on the safe phrase being especially careful in order to avoid tə ˌbiː ɒn ðə ˈseɪf ˌsaɪd
side something unpleasant

tolerance noun the quality of allowing people to do or believe ˈtɒlərəns

what they want although you do not agree
with it
tongue-tied adj unable to say anything because you are nervous ˈtʌŋtaɪd

tooth loss phrase when your teeth fall out ˈtuːθ ˌlɒs

toss and turn phrase to be very restless and unable to sleep ˌtɒs ænd ˈtɜːn

totally adv completely ˈtəʊtəli

touch wood phrase said when you talk about something you hope ˌtʌtʃ ˈwʊd
is true or hope will happen, to avoid bad luck
tower block noun a very tall building divided into apartments or ˈtaʊə ˌblɒk
offices

traditionally adv following or belonging to the customs or ways trəˈdɪʃənəli

of behaving that have continued in a group of
people or society for a long time
transport noun a vehicle or system of vehicles, such as buses, ˈtrænspɔːt
trains, aeroplanes, etc for getting from one
place to another
transport verb to move people or things from one place to trænˈspɔːt
another

transport sector noun businesses and industries connected with ˈtrænspɔːt ˌsektə
moving people and goods from place to place
treasure the phrase to feel that a memory is very important and that ˌtreʒə ðə ˈmeməri
memory (of sth) it gives you pleasure

trial noun a legal process to decide if someone is guilty of traɪəl

a crime
trigger a memory phrase to cause you to remember something ˌtrɪgər ə ˈmeməri
(of sth)
tropical adj from or in the hottest parts of the world ˈtrɒpɪkəl

undergrowth noun short plants and bushes that grow around trees ˈʌndəgrəʊθ

untouched adj not changed or damaged in any way ʌnˈtʌtʃt

vaguely remember phrase to remember something, but not at all clearly ˌveɪɡli rɪˈmembə
sth
vegetation noun the plants and trees that grow in a particular ˌvedʒɪˈteɪʃən
area
violent assault phrase a forceful attack that hurts someone physically ˌvaɪələnt əˈsɒlt

voice concerns phrase to express worries ˌvɔɪs kənˈsɜːnz

(about sth)
ward off evil phrase to prevent something bad from harming you or ˌwɔːd ɒf ˈiːvəl
coming close to you
warehouse noun a large building for keeping things that are ˈweəhaʊs
going to be sold
warm-hearted adj kind ˌwɔːmˈhɑːtɪd

weigh sth up verb to think carefully about the advantages and weɪ ˈʌp
disadvantages of a situation before making a
decision
weight loss phrase when you become thinner and start to weigh ˈweɪt ˌlɒs
less

well-composed adj arranged in an attractive way ˌwel kəmˈpəʊzd

well-off adj having a lot of money ˌwelˈɒf

whirl verb to move or make something move quickly wɜːl

round and round

whitening phrase toothpaste that makes your teeth whiter ˈwaɪtənɪŋ ˌtuːθpeɪst
toothpaste
whizz verb to move somewhere very quickly wɪz

whoosh verb to move somewhere very quickly, often making wʊʃ

a noise like wind

wide awake phrase completely awake ˌwaɪd əˈweɪk

wilderness noun a place that is in a completely natural state ˈwɪldənəs

without houses, industry, roads, etc

wooded slopes phrase the sides of hills, covered with trees ˌwʊdɪd ˈsləʊps

wrinkles plural noun lines on your face that you get when you grow ˈrɪŋkəlz
old

yellowing teeth phrase teeth that are becoming yellow ˌjeləʊɪŋ ˈtiːθ

youthful glow phrase the warm, healthy appearance of the skin ˌjuːθfəl ˈɡləʊ
typical of young people

zoom verb to move somewhere very quickly zuːm

Example Unit Page
number number
‘I do hope Lisa passes her English exam.’ ‘Yes, 10 119
I’ll keep my fingers crossed.'
Once the city was rebuilt, the storm became a 4 49
distant memory for most people.

The facial leaves you with a glowing 8 95

complexion.

Their trip to Venice was a lasting memory, 4 49

full of magic.
I have a painful memory of my cat getting 4 49
run over when I was a child.

He has a photographic memory and can paint 4 49

places he hasn’t seen since childhood.
The use of continuous passive verb forms has 1 12
also seen a rapid rise.
I’m a very rational thinker. 4 44

There was a steady shift toward more 1 12

frequent use of the verb + -ing and these
The island can only be described as a tropical 3 160
paradise.
I only ever have a vague memory of my 4 49
journey to work.

Weight loss can be aided by eating a varied 8 165

and balanced diet.
I have a vivid memory of our team winning 4 49
the World Cup when I was a kid.
He may forget to phone you. He’s rather 7 164
absent-minded.

This cream helps reduce scars, acne and skin 8 165

rashes, as well as smoothing out wrinkles.
Some learners appear to be able to acquire a 1 158
language without much formal study.
In this article, Ellen McArthur reflects on her 1 158
acquisition of French.

He kept making comments under his breath 10 116

when he was supposed to be addressing the
This research might explain the affable 7 85
tolerance of Canadians.

In affluent suburbs like this one, house prices 3 34

are extremely high.
Wages are often low in the agricultural 5 59
sector.
Never before had I been to such an arid 3 160
desert.

The police arrested her on suspicion of 5 162

murder.

Her eyesight is deteriorating and she's got 8 165

arthritis in her knees.

My behaviour at the party was unforgivable. 6 71

I feel so ashamed.
During the speech, he asserted his right to 10 167
express his opinion even if it wasn’t a popular
one.
The leader of the opposition attacked 10 167
government policies in a speech that focused
I’m not sure if I’ll ever attain a native 1 158
speaker level of competence.

He kept making comments under his breath 10 116

when he was supposed to be addressing the
audience.
He backed up the arguments he made by 10 167
providing examples from recent research.
Carrying boxes upstairs was backbreaking 7 164
work.
The judge banned her from driving. 5 162

One lasting change to English that was barely 1 12

perceptible at the time is known as The Great
A 35-year-old woman was arrested on 5 162
suspicion of money laundering.
People who drink and drive should be 5 162
permanently banned from driving.

Criminals should be brought face-to-face with 5 162

their victims.
He’s been convicted of murder and sent to 5 162
prison.

My husband is usually fast asleep and he 8 94

doesn't notice if I go out.
The company was fined a six figure sum. 5 162

Despite a strong defence case, he was found 5 162

guilty of the crime.

She is being held in custody while waiting for 5 162

her trial.
It is wrong for prisoners to be held in solitary 5 162
confinement.
Stiff, formal words like 'shall' and 'ought' are 1 12
on the way out.

He was sentenced to life imprisonment for 5 162

murder.
You should wear a motorbike helmet. You’ve 10 119
been lucky so far, but you're tempting fate.
Zeno is staring at me, at once uncannily 7 81
humanlike but also eerily blank-eyed.
It's a bleak image of a remote cottage. 6 163

He came out in blotches all over his arms. 8 165

Animals sometimes get stuck in the bog. 3 160

She bombarded me questions. 2 22

Bribery and corruption was common in their 5 58

industry.
I often felt that my silence brought out the 2 22
best in people.
I'd like to bring him face-to-face with his 5 162
victim.
Ellen MacArthur’s career forced her to brush 1 9
up her school-girl French.
My grandparents live in a bungalow. 9 166

The walk took us to a log cabin in the woods. 9 166

The sight of pristine beaches and calm 3 160
turquoise waters made us forget our long
He has the capability to do well at school. 1 158
They were protesting against capitalism. 7 85
If you cast your mind back to the last 4 161
meeting, you'll remember that we agreed to
Sunbathing can cause wrinkles. 8 165

This alternative massage is designed to 8 95

stimulate the blood circulation, creating a
Drinking lots of water can help you to have 8 165
She made her decision in a clear-headed way. 7 164

There was a closeness between them. 7 85

I like this photo of a room with very little 6 163

furniture in it - it's not too cluttered.
I was upset by her coldness towards us. 7 85
They worked in close collaboration with an 7 85
architect.
How do I come across to other people? 2 22

If you have an allergic reaction, your skin 8 165

If I think of my time in New York, the first 4 161
thing that comes to mind is a yellow taxi.
Community service is a more effective 5 162
punishment than prison.
What level of competence would you like to 1 158
attain eventually?
She illustrated the concept with examples. 10 116
She concluded by encouraging more people 10 167
to try one of their free community education
He addressed the conference on Friday. 10 116

He is a very conscientious student. 4 161

She was badly injured, but still conscious. 4 161

He works in the construction sector - he's a 5 59

building manager.
The firm was contracted to supply the wood. 5 59

He won a major contract for his company. 5 59

There wasn't enough evidence to convict her 5 162

of the crime.

My grandmother was absolutely convinced 10 168

that black cats were unlucky.
The idea that horseshoes bring you luck 10 168
doesn’t seem very convincing to me.
He crawled up the stairs. 2 159

Credit card fraud usually happens because 5 58

people are careless.

He crept into the house. 2 159

It is customary to hang horseshoes above the 10 119

front door.

People go into some kind of retreat to cut 2 22

themselves off from the outside world.
We avoided the dark pools of stagnant water 3 160
and eventually reached the firmer ground
beyond.
Those houses are totally nondescript and 9 107
pretty dated.

Learning a language requires dedication. 1 158

He demonstrated their new approach but it 10 116
was all a bit boring.
She demonstrated her understanding of 10 116
complex social issues by explaining them in
everyday language.
Quietly we moved through the dense 3 35
vegetation.

In the most deprived areas of the city, 3 34

unemployment stands at around 50%.

They lost everything they had in the flood 3 34

and were left destitute.
It was the biggest game of the year and we 6 71
had played appallingly. I was absolutely
I don't have the discipline to study alone. 1 158

She became disillusioned with politics. 6 71

He lives with his parents and pays no bills, so 3 34

he has a lot of disposable income.
I couldn't understand him because there were 1 158
too many distractions in the room.

They helped with the distribution of supplies. 7 85

The boat drifted out to sea. 2 159

I go back to bed and I drift off to sleep for a 8 94

couple of hours.
I get tired around 03:00 and I drop off to 8 94
sleep until 07:00 or so.

This cream can help to prevent dry skin. 8 165

I think most things that fortune tellers say 10 168

are dubious, to say the least.

He's wearing an elaborate costume with fur 6 163

and feathers and gold buttons.

Empty moorland stretches towards the 3 160

distant mountains.

There have been large price rises in the 5 59

energy sector.

These changes can have a hugely significant 1 12

impact but can go entirely unnoticed while
These old photos are very evocative. 6 68

Studies have found that merely being 7 85

reminded of an experience of exclusion
prompts people to judge a room’s
Street photography doesn't rely on having 6 68
exotic lenses.

They export a lot of the fruit they grow. 5 59

Our main export is oil. 5 59

English speakers have little to no exposure to 1 10

the sounds of foreign languages.

This treatment is designed to keep the facial 8 95

muscles firm.

The facial leaves you with a glowing 8 95

Well my idea for changing the world can be 7 85
justified on the grounds of justice and
People’s stories about seeing ghosts usually 10 168
sound rather far-fetched to me.
Most of our finance comes from the 5 59
government.
We borrowed money to finance the project. 5 59

She works in the financial sector as banker. 5 59

I think the jury will find him guilty. 5 162

The judge fined her £3,000. 5 162
I use make-up to hide any fine lines. 8 165

This treatment is designed to keep the facial 8 95

muscles firm.
Talking to people is a way of fitting in. 2 22

You need perfect light to create a flawless 6 163

image.
We visited a remote village in the foothills. 3 160

Looking up, I saw the forest canopy far above 3 160

my head.
She gets lots of freckles in summer. 8 165

The facial leaves your skin feeling fresh and 8 95

renewed.

I needed to get in touch but I couldn’t track 6 71

her down. I felt very frustrated.
We gain perspective at the cost of intimacy. 7 85

Most people hate it when they start getting 8 165

wrinkles.

When he went to live in Korea, he quickly got 1 158

accustomed to the sound of the language.
The sounds of Finnish are quite unique, so I 1 158
found it dificult to to get to grips with the
pronunciation.
She gave testimony in court that she had seen 5 162
the accused running from the scene of the
The robot spoke to me, whirring and glassy- 7 81
eyed.

She gave a gleeful laugh. 6 71

She went into far too much detail and 10 116

presented the information badly.

I won't go into the finer points of the law. 10 116

He always goes on about his dogs when I go 2 22

and see him.
If I need to think quickly, I always go with my 4 161
gut instinct.
The charm invites good fortune and brings 10 119
wealth to the owner.

These bracelets are worn as a good luck 10 119

charm.

The graceful, elegant lines of the building 9 107

are very pleasing to the eye. It’s stunning.
Modal verbs are gradually giving way to 1 12
other less formal expressions.

Because I understood some French, I could 1 9

grasp some of what they were saying.
According to new research, people exposed to 7 85
warmer temperatures find it harder to grasp
His war photographs were very gritty. 6 68

The use of get passives has grown 1 12

substantially.
People who believe in good luck charms 10 168
must be very gullible.
The brakes on the bus weren’t working 7 164
properly so it was a hair-raising journey.
He offered to help, but it was very half- 7 164
hearted.

Don’t expect any sympathy – he’s very hard- 7 164

hearted.

Many farmers are facing real economic 3 34

hardship after the drought killed all their
crops.
If you want to be a model, it helps to have a 8 165
glowing complexion.

I had a hunch that I should resign, and I was 4 161

right.

I may have a nap later in the day, after lunch. 8 94

Penny’s lucky – she has an ear for languages. 1 158

Tooth loss and heart trouble are not 8 165

inevitable parts of ageing,
The sight of elderly people in love is heart- 7 164
warming.
I felt helpless because there was nothing I 6 71
could do.
After about a year, he found he could a hold a 1 158
conversation in Italian without too much
I often wanted to criticize them but I had to 2 22
hold myself back.
How long do you think they'll hold her in 5 162
Do you think they will hold her in solitary 5 162
confinement?
I grew up on a housing estate near Hamburg. 9 166

On our third day we came to some huge sand 3 160

dunes.
These changes can have a hugely significant 1 12
impact but can go entirely unnoticed while
Zeno is staring at me, at once uncannily 7 81
humanlike but also eerily blank-eyed.
Erwitt's photographs tended to be playful, 6 68
humorous and amusing.
We hurtled down a 1,600-foot volcanic slope. 2 25

You may perhaps have seen some of the 6 68

He used lots of anecdotes to illustrate his 10 116
points.

She spent six weeks in Poland and really 1 158

immersed herself in the language and
culture.
We have to import this stone from Italy. 5 59

There are high taxes on imports. 5 59

As the town is fairly small, the large castle on 9 107

the hill is really too imposing and seems out
of place.
There’s no money to help impoverished 3 34
communities build basic facilities like
They have offered their workers a pay 5 59
increase.

Sales have increased recently. 5 59

High fuel prices have damaged the industrial 5 59

sector.

There’s no need to resort to painful injections 8 165

or plastic surgery.
He knows about all the lastest innovations in 7 85
computer technology.

The council wanted a striking and innovative 9 107

town hall to bring a modern edge to their city.

I was the only person at the party who 6 71

was over 40. I felt a bit insecure.
She has little insight into their lives. 1 158
Robots can never replace human beings in 1 158
any context that requires interaction with
They struggle with first language 1 158
interference.
We gain perspective at the cost of intimacy. 7 85

People worry that social media are making 7 85

us lonely and isolated.

She was suffering feelings of isolation. 7 85

The amount they paid for the house was jaw- 7 164
dropping.

My brother had money, friends, and now a 6 71

charming wife. I felt extremely jealous.
He travelled right through a chunk of Africa’s 3 35
most threatened jungle environment.
People tend to give up on second language 1 158
learning too easily. You need to keep at it if
I think I know subconsciously when people 4 44
are lying to me.
One lasting change to English that was barely 1 12
perceptible at the time is known as The Great
Vowel Shift.
She leaped over the rocks. 2 159

My sister is left-handed. 7 164

I felt a great sense of liberation when I left 7 85

my job.
The robot's skin looks and feels startlingly 7 81
lifelike.
I’ve always been a light sleeper. 8 94

After eating nothing for ten hours, I began to 7 164

feel a bit light-headed.
I’m fed up with serious films. I’d like to see 7 164
something more light-hearted.

There are financial limitations on their 1 158

education.
He limped off the pitch. 2 159

Literacy rates have gone up in the area. 1 158

We can’t go on using our credit cards all the 3 34
time. We have to learn to live within our
Loneliness makes people feel cold. 7 85

This mirror protects the house against magic 10 119

spells.
You make a wish with every knot you tie in 10 119
the ribbon.
When the missing money was noticed, they 5 162
made an allegation of fraud against Smith.
He kept making comments under his breath 10 116
when he was supposed to be addressing the
audience.
Even though I got a pay rise last year, I still 3 34
find it difficult to make ends meet.
She made some throwaway remarks about 10 116
her childhood.
I know a millionaire who owns a mansion in 9 166
the Carribbean.
Our manufacturing sector has shrunk 5 59
considerably.
The soldiers marched through the square. 2 159

Tall grasses grew in the marsh. 3 160

I hate the materialism of our society. 7 85

Photos that evoke emotions are far more 6 68

powerful and meaningful than just photos
You have to have the right mentality to learn 1 158
a language.
Did you know there are 100 billion stars just 7 164
in our own galaxy? It’s mind-boggling.
Moisturising daily combined with weekly 8 165
facials helps to tighten and plump the skin.
We made slow progress through the 3 160
They have no motivation to learn the 1 10
language.
We had some mouth-watering Thai food. 7 164
She lost her place whenever she moved on to 10 116
a new topic!

Everyone in the village disapproves of my 7 164

lifestyle. They’re all so narrow-minded.
There is no necessity to learn the language. 1 10
I could sense her nervousness. 7 85

Those houses are totally nondescript and 9 107

pretty dated.
He gave us some no-nonsense advice. 6 68

His theories are completely nonsensical. 6 68

I couldn’t sleep a wink. 8 94

Good street photography comes down to 6 68
having an observant eye.
Don't put cream on an oily skin. 8 165

On impulse, I married someone I’d only just 4 44

met and went to live in Japan.

There was a steady shift toward more 1 12

frequent use of the verb + -ing and these
There are far more subtle, ongoing language 1 12
changes taking place at any given time.

He considers other points of view – he's open- 7 164

minded.

There is little cause for optimism. 7 85

In a recent experiment, ostracism led to a 7 85
drop in skin temperature.
As the town is fairly small, the large castle on 9 107
the hill is really too imposing and seems out
of place.

I really like the gold leaf in the ceiling 9 107

decorations, but for some people it’s tasteless
and over the top.
The children were a bit over-excited. 6 71

I never oversleep because I have to get to 8 94

work.
She began by paying tribute to all the 10 167
teachers who had inspired her throughout
her school years.
She lives in a smart London penthouse. 9 166

When she talks about magic, I’m sure what 10 168

she says is true. She’s very persuasive.
There was a snake crawling across my foot. I 6 71
felt absolutely petrified.
She explained how she picked up the 1 9
language.
There’s no need to resort to painful injections 8 165
My friend says a fortune teller’s advice led 10 168
him to success, but I don’t find this very
Erwitt's photographs tended to be playful, 6 68
He was given a lighter prison sentence 5 162
because he pleaded guilty to the crime.
We were plunging through the air, 18,000 2 25
feet above the earth.
Poor circulation can be improved by regular 8 165
cardiovascular exercise.
He was arrested on suspicion of possession of 5 58
a controlled substance.
I work at a power station on the coast. 9 166
Photos that evoke emotions are far more 6 68
powerful and meaningful than just photos
with good composition.
There is a history of prejudice in the US south. 7 85

She went into far too much detail and 10 116

presented the information badly.
She presented key information in easy-to- 10 167
read tables.

They like the prestige of knowing a second 1 158

Anti-ageing creams are designed to prevent 8 165
wrinkles.
The sight of pristine beaches and calm 3 160
turquoise waters made us forget our long
The president sought to project a much 5 59
tougher image.

We have now finished our research project. 5 59

Young people are often prone to acne. 8 165

There’s a direct relationship between a good 3 34
education system and the economic
His parents were very protective. 6 71

Public sector workers are asking the 5 59

government for a pay rise.
Unless I put a new piece of language into 1 158
practice immediately, I find I forget it.

I wanted to find out what life in the heart of a 3 35

tropical rainforest was really like.
This cream helps reduce scars, acne and skin 8 95
rashes, as well as smoothing out wrinkles.

I’m a very rational thinker. 4 161

You can sense the raw emotion in her 6 68

paintings.
If you explain your problem, I'm sure your 4 161
Receiving group counselling will not help the 5 162
most serious offenders.