XII CHEMISTRY CONDENSED COURSE

1. Introduction to Fundamental Concepts of Chemistry

1.6 Modern Periodic Law-Periodic Table Based on Moseley's contribution
* Modification of periodic law over the time
1.7 Classification and Long form of Periodic Table on the basis of Electronic configuration
* Period 1 to 7
1.8 Types of elements based on Electronic configuration
* Noble Gases, s, p,d anf f block elements

2. Hydrogen
2.2 Position of hydrogen in the Periodic table
* Position of hydrogen in Group I, IV and VII
2.4 Atomic Hydrogen
* Preparation, Properties and Uses
2.5 Binary Compounds of Hydrogen
* Ionic,Covalent…Borderline Hydrides

3. S-Block Elements
3.1 Introduction
* Electronic configurations of S block elements
3.2 Group trends in alkali and alkaline earth metals
* Electronegetivity, ionization potential…Desitites
3.3 Chemical properties of S-blocks elements
* Reactions with halogens, oxygen and water
3.4 Occurrence and Extraction of Metals
* Alkali metals(Down’s process), Alkaline earth metals

4. P-Block Elements
4.1 Introduction
* Group trends
4.3 Metallurgy of Metals
* Extraction, purification, properties of Aluminium
* Preparation, properties and occurrence of alum
4.6 Nitric Acid (HNO3)
* Ostwald’s method
* Physical and Chemical properties of Nitric Acid
4.10 Chlorine
* Manufacturing ( Nelson’s cell, Castner-Kellner’s cell)
* Physical and chemical properties
 5. d- Block Elements (Transition Elements)
5.1 Introduction
* Three series of 10 elements
5.3 General Characteristics
* Electronic configuration, size…Transition metal complex
5.6 Copper Sulphate (CuSO45H2O)
* Preparation and properties of copper sulphate
5.7 Potassium Chromate (K2CrO4)
* preparation and properties
5.10 Corrosion and its prevention
* Concept of Corrosion and 4 methods of prevention

6. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

6.1 Natural sources of organic compounds
* Coal, Coal Tar and Natural gas
6.4 Polymerization
* Addition and condensation polymerization
6.5 Classification of organic compounds or Types of organic compounds
* Types of Organic compounds
6.6 Homologous series
* General formula and Physical, chemical properties
6.7 Isomerism
* Isomerism and its 4 types
6.8 Nomenclature
* Naming of Alkanes, Alkanes , Alkynes , Amines and functional groups

7. Chemistry of Hydrocarbons
7.1 Open chain and closed chain hydrocarbons
* Types of Organic compounds
7.3 Chemistry of Ethane
* Structure, Preparation, Physical and chemical properties
7.4 Chemistry of Ethene
* Structure, Preparation, Physical and chemical properties
7.5 Chemistry of Ethyne
* Structure, Preparation, Physical and chemical properties
7.6 Benzene
* Isolation, Structure, Chemical and Physical Properties
7.7 The Molecular orbital treatment of Benzene
* Modern Representation and reactions of Benzene

8. Alkyl Halides
8.1 Classification of alkyl Halides
* Primary, Secondary and Tertiary
8.2 Nomenclature
* Examples of Haloalkanes
* Peparations
8.4 Mechanism of Nucleophilic substitution Reactions
* SN1 and Sn2 Reactions
* Formation and reactions of grignard’s reagent

9. Carbon Compounds with Oxygen Containing Functional Group

9.1 Alcohols
* Classification according to number of hydrooxyl group
* Nomenclature of monohydric alcohol ( Methanol,Ethanol)
9.4 Aldehydes and Ketones
* Nomenclature of Aldehydes
* Preparation, physical and chemical properties of Formaldehyde
* Nomenclature of Ketones
* Preparation, physical and chemical properties of Acetone

10. Chemistry of Life

10.1 Definition and Introduction
* Definition of Bio Chemistry

10.3 Carbohydrates
* Classification of carbohydrates on taste
* Classification of carbohydrates on molecular structure
* Biological importance of carbodydrates
10.4 Amino acids
* Definition and list of amino acids
* Essential amino acids
* Classification(Acidic, basic and Neutral)
* Dipolar Nature and Peptide bond formation
* Role of amino acids in human body
10.7 Enzymes
* Introduction
* Nomenclature of Enzymnes
* Classes of Enzymes
* Properties of Enzymes
* Factors that influence the rate of enzyme action
 11. Chemical Industries in Pakistan
11.1 Fertilizers
* Types of ferilizers (Nitrogenous,Pottasic and Phosphatic)
* Position in Pakistan

11.3 Glass
* Production of Glass
* Position in Pakistan
* Types of Glass

11.5 Plastics
* Different kinds of platic (PVC,PVA, Bakelite etc)
* Plastic Industry in Pakistan
* Types of Plastic( Thermoplastic, Thermosetting)