Edexcel IAS Chemistry Classified Unit - 2 - Topic 1

Edexcel IAS Chemistry Classified Unit_2_Topic 1
1 1 – Energetics Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

(1) Jan 2014 Q (12, 13, 14)

12 The standard enthalpy change for the formation of ethene, C2H4, is +52.2
kJ mol–1 and that of ethane, C2H6, is –84.7 kJ mol–1.
Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the reaction below, in kJ mol–1.
C2H4(g) + H2(g) 
→ C2H6(g)
13 Which of the following equations represents a reaction for which the

enthalpy change is the standard enthalpy change of formation of water, ∆HΘf,
298?
14 Consider the following bond enthalpy values.
The enthalpy change for the reaction

CO(g) + ½O2(g) 
→ CO2(g)
in units of kJ mol–1 is

(2) Jan 2014 Q (19_c, d)

(c) The results of the experiment are summarised in the table below.
(i) Calculate the heat energy produced in this experiment using the equation
Heat energy produced (J) = mass of water × 4.18 × temperature change
(1)
(ii) Calculate the number of moles of methanol burned in this experiment.

(1)
(iii) Calculate the enthalpy change of combustion of methanol in kJ mol–1.

Give your answer to three significant figures.
(2)
(iv) The experimental result differs from the true value for the enthalpy change
of combustion of methanol.
State one factor in the experimental method, other than heat losses or
incomplete combustion, which causes the result to differ from the true value.
Explain the effect this factor has on the magnitude of the experimental value
compared to the true value.
(2)
Factor .................................................................................................................
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Explanation ........................................................................................................
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(d) The value of the enthalpy change for the combustion of methanol can be
calculated from the mean bond enthalpies of the substances in the reaction.
Give two reasons why this value differs from the value obtained in the
experiment, even after corrections are made for experimental error.
(2)
Reason 1 ............................................................................................................
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Reason 2 ............................................................................................................
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(3) June 2014 Q (15, 16)
15 Which of the following statements is true?
16 Consider the two equations given below.

2H2(g) + O2(g) 
→ 2H2O(l) ∆H = −572 kJ mol−1
2H2(g) + O2(g) 
→ 2H2O(g) ∆H = −484 kJ mol−1
From this information, calculate the enthalpy change for the following process
H2O(g) 
→ H2O(l)

(4) June 2014 Q (23)

23 Alkanes are used as fuels in homes and in industry. It is, therefore,
important that the enthalpy changes involving alkanes are known.
(a) Define the term standard enthalpy change of formation of a compound.
Give the conditions of temperature and pressure that are used when
measuring a standard enthalpy change.
(3)
Definition ............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
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Standard temperature is ...................................................................
Standard pressure is ........................................................................
(b) Write the equation, with state symbols, that accompanies the enthalpy
change of formation of hexane, C6H14(l).
(2)
(c) Enthalpy changes can be calculated using enthalpy changes of

combustion.
Values for some standard enthalpy changes of combustion are shown in the
table below.
Use these data to complete the Hess cycle below for the reaction and then
calculate the standard enthalpy change for the reaction, in kJ mol−1.

[3]
Space for working
standard enthalpy change for the reaction = ...................... kJ mol−1

(d) The equations for the combination of gaseous carbon atoms and gaseous
hydrogen atoms to form methane, CH4, and ethane, C2H6, are shown below.
C(g) + 4H(g) 
→ CH4(g) ∆H = −1652 kJ mol−1
2C(g) + 6H(g) 
→ C2H6(g) ∆H = −2825 kJ mol−1
Use these data to calculate
(i) the mean bond enthalpy of a C—H bond in methane, in kJ mol−1.
(1)
(ii) the bond enthalpy of a C—C bond, in kJ mol−1, clearly showing your
working.
(2)

(5) Jan 2015 Q (5, 6)

5 Consider the following data:
Calculate the value of the enthalpy change, in kJ mol–1, for the following
reaction.
C(s) + ½O2(g) 
→ CO(g)
6 Which of the following enthalpy changes cannot be measured directly by

experiment?
The enthalpy change of
(6) Jan 2015 Q (22)

22 For some reactions, the enthalpy change can be determined by
experiment.
(a) Define the term enthalpy change of reaction.
(2)
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(b) An equation for the reaction between the two solids ammonium
thiocyanate, NH4CNS, and barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2, is shown below.
2NH4CNS(s) + Ba(OH)2(s) → Ba(CNS)2(s) + 2H2O(l) + 2NH3(g)
The following apparatus was set up in order to determine the enthalpy change
for the reaction.

In the experiment, 15.22 g of NH4CNS was reacted with an excess of

Ba(OH)2. The reaction absorbed heat energy from the surroundings. The
temperature of the 100.0 g of water fell from 22.0oC to 16.5 °C.
(i) Calculate the heat energy absorbed, in joules, during the reaction.
Use the equation
Heat energy absorbed (J) = mass of water × 4.2 × temperature change
(1)
(ii) Calculate the number of moles of NH4CNS used in the experiment.

(1)
(iii) Calculate the enthalpy change of the reaction, in kJ mol–1, to two

significant figures. Include a sign in your answer.
2NH4CNS(s) + Ba(OH)2(s) → Ba(CNS)2(s) + 2H2O(l) + 2NH3(g)
(3)

(c) Standard enthalpy changes of reaction can also be calculated using mean
bond enthalpies.
(i) What is meant by the term mean bond enthalpy?
(2)
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(iv) Use the mean bond enthalpy data in the table, and the equation given
below, to calculate a value for the standard enthalpy change of combustion of
propene.
(3)
Answer = ................................ kJ mol–1

*(v) The Data Booklet value for the standard enthalpy change of combustion
of propene is –2058 kJ mol–1.
Explain why the value calculated in (c)(iv) is less exothermic than the Data
Booklet value.
(2)
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(7) June 2015 Q (14, 15)
14 Consider the following data.
What is the relationship between a, b, c and d?
15 In which of the following does X represent the mean bond enthalpy for the
O−H bond in water?

(8) June 2015 Q (23_e)

(e) Standard enthalpy changes of combustion can be used to calculate the
standard enthalpy change of formation of propene.
3C(s) + 3H2(g) 
→ C3H6(g)
Values for some standard enthalpy changes of combustion, ∆HΘc, are shown
in the table below.
(i) Complete the Hess cycle below to enable you to calculate ∆HΘf from
combustion data.
(1)
(ii) Calculate ∆HΘf, in kJ mol−1.

(2)
standard enthalpy change of formation of propene = .................... kJ mol−1

(9) Jan 2016 Q (5, 6)

5 An enthalpy level diagram for a reaction is
Which row in the table shows the correct terms for X and Y and the enthalpy
change for this reaction?
6 The table shows the mean bond enthalpies for some covalent bonds.
What is the approximate enthalpy change, in kJ mol–1, for the reaction shown?

(10) Jan 2016 Q (20_c)

(c) An experiment was carried out to determine the enthalpy change of
combustion of compound X, C5H12.
100.0 g of water was heated by burning 0.144 g of compound X.
The temperature rise of the water was 14.5°C.
(i) Calculate the energy transferred, in kJ, in this experiment.
Use the equation
heat energy produced (J) = mass of water × 4.18 × temperature change
(1)
energy transferred = .................................... kJ

(ii) Calculate the number of moles of compound X used in this experiment.
(1)
moles of X = .......................................
(iii) Calculate the enthalpy change of combustion of compound X. Include a
sign and units in your answer.
(2)
enthalpy change of combustion = .........................................

(iv) The Data Book values for the enthalpy changes of combustion of the three
structural isomers with the formula C5H12 are:
–3509.1 kJ mol–1
–3503.4 kJ mol–1
–3492.5 kJ mol–1
The experimental value calculated in (c)(iii) is very different from these values.
Give two reasons, other than heat loss, for this large difference.
(2)
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(v) Explain why it is not possible to deduce which of the isomers is compound
X by comparing this experimental value and the Data Book values.
(1)
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*(d) Complete the Hess cycle and use it to calculate the enthalpy change of
combustion of C5H12 from the following data.
Show all of your working.
[4]

(11) June 2016 Q (5)

5 An experiment was carried out to measure the enthalpy change of the
following reaction.
NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) 
→ NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
50 cm of hydrochloric acid was mixed with 50 cm3 of sodium hydroxide
3
solution.
Each solution contained 0.10 mol solute. The temperature rise was 12 °C.
Energy transferred (J) = mass of solution × 4.2 × change in temperature
Assume the density of all solutions is 1.0 g cm–3.
What is the enthalpy change of the reaction in kJ mol–1?
(12) June 2016 Q (19_c, d)

(c) The standard enthalpy changes of formation for the three compounds are:
(i) The standard enthalpy change of formation of H2O(g) is –241.8 kJ mol–1.

Explain why this is less negative than the standard enthalpy change of
formation of H2O(l).
(1)
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(ii) Use the data in the table to calculate the standard enthalpy change of
combustion of 2-methylpropane in kJ mol–1.
Show your method, which may involve the use of a Hess cycle.
Include a sign and units in your answer.
(3)
(iii) A refill canister for the cordless hair-styler holds 15 g of 2-methylpropane.

Calculate the energy in kJ which can be obtained from one canister.
(2)
(d) The enthalpy change of the reaction can also be calculated using the cycle
below.
(i) Calculate the enthalpy change of the reaction using this cycle.
(1)
(ii) The enthalpy change of vaporization of water was one piece of data used
to calculate the enthalpy changes shown beside the arrows in the cycle. What
other information was needed?
(1)
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(13) Nov 2016 Q (12, 13)

12 An excess of zinc powder was added to 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm−3 copper(II)
sulfate in a polystyrene cup. The temperature of the copper(II) sulfate solution
was measured at 30 s intervals. The zinc was added after 90 s. The results
are shown on the graph.
What temperature change should be used when calculating the energy

transfer?
13 Hess’s law can be used to determine enthalpy changes which cannot be

measured directly, such as the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate.
Using Hess’s law, the expression to determine ΔH1 is

(14) Nov 2016 Q (18_b)

(b) Gaseous but-1-ene is another alkene that readily reacts with liquid
bromine.
Using molecular formulae, the equation for the reaction is
C4H8 + Br2 
→ C4H8Br2
(i) Using the bond enthalpy values in the table, calculate the enthalpy change
for this reaction.
(2)
(ii) Give one reason why the value calculated for the reaction in part (b)(i)
using bond enthalpies is different from the true value.
Do not consider experimental error, mean bond enthalpy values or non-
standard conditions.
(1)
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(15) Jan 2017 Q (13, 15)
13 The following statements give information about the thermodynamic
stability of magnesium chlorides.
• MgCl is stable with respect to chlorine and magnesium.
• MgCl is unstable with respect to MgCl2 and Mg.
• MgCl3 is unstable with respect to chlorine and magnesium.
Which signs of the standard enthalpy changes of formation of MgCl and
MgCl3 are correct?

15 When 10 cm3 of a nitric acid solution reacts with 20 cm3 of a sodium

hydroxide solution, the temperature rise is ∆T.
Repeating the reaction with 15 cm3 of the same nitric acid solution and 30 cm3
of the same sodium hydroxide solution would give a temperature rise of
(16) Jan 2017 Q (23_b)

(b) Bottled propane is used as the fuel for the burners in hot air balloons. A
hot air balloon carries 80 kg of liquefied propane.
(i) Write the equation for the complete combustion of propane in air under
standard conditions. State symbols are not required.
(2)
(ii) Calculate the number of moles of propane in 80 kg.

(2)
(iii) The standard enthalpy change of combustion of propane, ∆HΘc,298 =

−2220 kJ mol–1.
Calculate the heat energy, in joules, given out when 80 kg of propane burns
completely.
(1)

(iv) The burners have a maximum power rating of 4800 W. (1 W = 1 J s–1)

Calculate the maximum time, in hours, that the balloon’s fuel would last if the
burners are used continuously on full power with 80 kg of fuel.
(1)
(v) A student suggests that butane would be a better fuel for hot air balloons
than propane because it has a more negative enthalpy change of combustion,
∆HΘc, 298 = −2880 kJ mol–1.
Suggest two reasons why butane is not a better fuel than propane for hot air
balloons.
(2)
Reason one ........................................................................................................
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Reason two ........................................................................................................
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(c) The standard enthalpy changes of atomisation of propane and butane can
be calculated. The calculation requires their standard enthalpy changes of
formation and the standard enthalpy changes of atomisation of carbon and
hydrogen.
(i) Complete the Hess cycle for the calculation of the standard enthalpy
change of atomisation of propane.
(1)

(3)
(iii) The standard enthalpy change of atomisation of butane can be calculated

using the same method as for propane. This value, together with the carbon-
hydrogen bond energy, can be used to calculate the carbon-carbon bond
energy
∆Hat,298[C4H10(g)] = +5173.3 kJ mol–1.
E(C–H) = +412.3 kJ mol–1
Calculate the carbon-carbon bond energy.
(2)
(iv) Suggest why your answer differs from the mean bond energy for the
carbon-carbon bond given in data books.
(1)
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(17) June 2017 Q (12)

12 Consider the reaction
H2(g) + I2(g) 
→ 2HI(g) ∆H = –9.0 kJ mol–1
The bond energy of H–H = 436 kJ mol–1
The bond energy of H–I = 298 kJ mol–1
It can be deduced that the bond energy of I–I, in kJ mol–1, is
(18) June 2017 Q (22_a, b)

22 Sodium hydrogencarbonate decomposes on heating to form sodium
carbonate, carbon dioxide and water.
Reaction 1 2NaHCO3(s) 
→ Na2CO3(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
(a) Suggest why it is difficult to measure the enthalpy change of this reaction
directly.
(1)
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(b) The enthalpy change can be measured indirectly using the enthalpy
changes for the following two reactions and applying Hess’s Law.
Reaction 2 NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq) 
→ NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Reaction 3 Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) 
→ 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g).
An experiment was carried out to measure the enthalpy change of Reaction 2.
100 cm3 of 1.25 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid was placed in a polystyrene
beaker with capacity 200 cm3. The initial temperature of the acid was 21.5 °C.
8.00 g of solid sodium hydrogencarbonate was added, a lid was placed on the
beaker and the mixture was stirred. The lowest temperature of the mixture
was 14.2 °C.
(i) Explain why the beaker used in this experiment is large.
(1)
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(ii) Show by calculation that the hydrochloric acid is present in excess.

(2)
(iii) Calculate the energy transferred and hence the enthalpy change of the
reaction in kJ mol–1.
Include a sign and units in your answer.
Use the equation: Energy transferred (J) = 100 × 4.18 × temperature change.
(3)
(iv) The enthalpy change for Reaction 3 was found to be –36.3 kJ mol–1.
Complete the Hess cycle by adding the appropriate arrows and formulae to
the outline.
Use your completed cycle to calculate the enthalpy change for Reaction 1.
(4)
∆H for Reaction 1 = ............................. kJ mol–1

(19) Nov 2017 Q (14, 16, 17, 18, 19)
14 To calculate the heat energy change, Q, for a reaction in aqueous solution,
the equation used is
Q = mc Δ T
It is usual to take the value of c, the specific heat capacity of the solution, as
the specific heat capacity of water, 4.18 J g−1 °C−1, and the value of m, the
mass of solution, as the volume of solution.
Which statement about these values is true?

16 Ammonia gas is oxidised in the presence of a platinum catalyst.

4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 
→ 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
From the data in the table, what is the standard enthalpy change of the
reaction, in kJ mol−1?
17 In which reaction would the standard enthalpy change of reaction be

closest to the value calculated only using mean bond energy data?
18 When 0.10 mol of ammonium nitrate is dissolved in 100 cm3 of water, the
temperature falls by 5.0 K.
What would be the temperature fall when 0.02 mol of ammonium nitrate is
dissolved in 10 cm3 of water, under the same conditions?

19 Which of the following enthalpy changes cannot be determined directly by

experiment?
The enthalpy change of
(20) Jan 2018 Q (12, 13, 14)

12 Hess’s law can be used to determine enthalpy changes, such as the
formation of carbon monoxide from carbon and oxygen, which cannot be
obtained directly.
From Hess's law
13 Consider the bond enthalpy values given in the table.
For the reaction

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 
→ 2NH3(g)
the enthalpy change, in kJ mol−1, is

14 The enthalpy change of combustion of ethanol was determined by using a

spirit burner containing ethanol to heat 250 cm3 of water in a copper
calorimeter.
The experimental value obtained was less exothermic than the Data Booklet
value.
Which is the least likely reason for this difference in the enthalpy values?
(21) Jan 2018 Q (19_d)

(d) The reaction between calcium oxide and water to produce calcium
hydroxide is exothermic, and is used to warm canned drinks. A typical
arrangement is shown in the diagram.
The enthalpy change of reaction is −65.1 kJ mol−1

Assume that the energy transferred to the drink is given by the following
equation:
energy (J) = volume of drink (cm3) × 4.18 (J cm−3 °C−1) × temperature change (°C)

(i) Calculate the mass of calcium oxide that would be required to raise the
temperature of 200 cm3 of drink by 40 °C.
(3)
(ii) Give two reasons why this drink can is insulated.

(2)
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(iii) Complete the enthalpy level diagram for the reaction between calcium
oxide and water. Include state symbols, the value for the enthalpy change and
a label for the y axis.
(2)

(22) June 2018 Q (5, 6, 7, 8)

5 Hot packs and cold packs are used to heat and cool parts of the body.
What are the signs of the standard enthalpy changes of reaction used in hot
packs and cold packs?
6 For reactions with the ionic equation

H+(aq) + OH−(aq) 
→ H2O(l)
the type of enthalpy change is
7 An excess of zinc powder is added to a solution of copper(II) sulfate and the

maximum change in temperature of the solution is measured.
The energy transferred is calculated using
Energy transferred in joules = mass × specific heat capacity × temperature change
In this calculation, it is usual to assume that the

8 When 10 cm3 of 1 mol dm–3 nitric acid is mixed with 20 cm3 of 1 mol dm–3
sodium hydroxide solution, there is a temperature rise of ΔT.
If the reaction is repeated with 20 cm3 of nitric acid of 1 mol dm–3 and 20 cm3
of 1 mol dm–3 sodium hydroxide solution, the temperature rise is
(23) June 2018 Q (21_e)

(e) (i) Complete the equation, including state symbols, for the atomisation of
gaseous cyclohexane.
(1)
C6H12(g) 
→
(ii) Calculate the enthalpy change of atomisation of gaseous cyclohexane,
using the bond energies in the table. Include a sign and units in your answer.
(2)
(iii) Suggest how the enthalpy change of atomisation for liquid cyclohexane
would differ from the value for gaseous cyclohexane calculated in (e)(ii).
Justify your answer.
(1)
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(24) Nov 2018 Q (14)

14 When 100 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm−3 sodium hydroxide solution is added to 100
cm3 of 2.0 mol dm–3 sulfuric acid (an excess) to form sodium sulfate, the
temperature rise is 12.5 °C.
Energy transferred (J) = mass × 4.2 × temperature change
What is the enthalpy change of the reaction in kJ mol–1?
(25) Nov 2018 Q (21)

21 The compound hydrazine, N2H4, is a liquid which is used as a rocket fuel.
It reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen and water.

(a) Complete the Hess cycle and, using data in the table, calculate the
enthalpy change for the oxidation of hydrazine, ΔHΘ reaction.
(2)

(b) Some bond enthalpies are given in the table.
(i) Calculate the enthalpy change for the oxidation of hydrazine, using the
bond
enthalpy values in the table.
N2H4(l) + O2(g) 
→ N2(g) + 2H2O(l)
(3)
(ii) Give two reasons why the enthalpy change calculated using bond
enthalpies differs from ΔHΘreaction calculated from the Hess cycle.
(2)
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(26) Jan 2019 Q (10, 11, 13) Old

10 In an experiment to determine the enthalpy change for the reaction
between zinc and copper(II) sulfate, a cooling curve was used to estimate the
temperature change.
The zinc was added to the copper(II) sulfate solution at 3½ minutes and the
results
were plotted on a graph.
What is the temperature change?

11 The enthalpy changes of two reactions are
For the reaction

Fe2O3(s) + 3C(s) 
→ 2Fe(s) + 3CO(g)
the enthalpy change is
13 The combustion of magnesium may be represented by two equations.
The units of ∆H for equation (1) are kJ mol−1. The units of ∆H for equation (2)
are
(27) Jan 2019 Q (22) Old

22 Enthalpy changes of combustion are very important in thermochemistry
because they can be used to determine enthalpy changes that cannot be
measured directly.
(a) Define standard enthalpy change of combustion.
(2)
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(b) A class of students used the apparatus below to determine the enthalpy
change of combustion for some alcohols.
One student obtained the following results for ethanol.
(i) Calculate the energy transferred in the student’s experiment.

(1)
Use the expression
Energy transferred (J) = mass of water × 4.18 × temperature change
(ii) Calculate the enthalpy change of combustion of ethanol.

Give a sign and units with your answer.
(3)

(c) Most of the students obtained similar results for the enthalpy change of
combustion of ethanol. The class mean was −840 kJ mol−1 compared with the
Data Book value of −1367 kJ mol−1.
(i) Calculate the percentage error in the mean value obtained by the class
compared to the Data Book value.
(1)
*( ii) One student suggested that the difference between the students’ values
and the Data Book value was due to the uncertainties in measuring the
masses and temperatures. Explain why this suggestion is incorrect.
No calculation is required.
(2)
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*( iii) Suggest one factor that could have caused the difference between the
students’ values and the Data Book value. Justify your answer.
(2)
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(d) The standard enthalpy change of formation of propan-1-ol cannot be

measured directly.
(i) Complete the Hess cycle below, which may be used to calculate the
standard enthalpy change of formation of propan-1-ol. Add missing enthalpy
changes, arrows and species. Include state symbols.
(3)
(ii) Use your completed cycle in (d)(i) and the data in the table, to calculate the
standard enthalpy change of formation of propan-1-ol.
(2)

(28) Sample Assessment Materials 2019 Q (15)

15 Zinc metal reacts with copper(II) sulfate solution. The equation for the
reaction is:
Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) 
→ ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s) ∆rH = − 210 kJ mol−1
(a) What is the temperature rise, in °C, when excess zinc powder is added to
50 cm3 of copper(II) sulfate solution containing 0.0025 mol of copper(II) ions?
[Assume the specific heat capacity of the solution is 4.2 J g–1 °C–1].
(b) The reaction of zinc with copper(II) sulfate is best classified as:
(29) Sample Assessment Materials 2019 Q (21)

21 Sodium hydrogencarbonate can be decomposed to sodium carbonate by
heating to about 300 °C.
The equation for the reaction is:
2NaHCO3(s) 
→ Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
(a) Give a reason why it is not possible to measure the enthalpy change for
this reaction directly.
(1)
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(b) (i) State what is meant by the standard enthalpy change of formation.
(2)
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(ii) Complete the Hess cycle that you would use to determine the enthalpy
change for this reaction from the standard enthalpy changes of formation.
(2)
(iii) Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the thermal decomposition of
sodium hydrogencarbonate, using the information in the table and your
completed cycle. Include a sign and units in your answer.
(4)

(iv) Use your answer to (b)(iii) to draw an enthalpy level diagram for this
reaction, labelling the axes provided.
(2)
(30) June 2019 Q (10) Old unit 1 former

10 When 10 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid is added to 5.0 cm3 of
0.50 mol dm−3 sodium hydroxide in a polystyrene cup, the temperature rises
by 2.3 °C.
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) 
The temperature rise when 10 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid is added
to 20 cm3 of 0.50 mol dm−3 sodium hydroxide is

(31) June 2019 Q (24_f) Old unit 1 former

(f) (i) Use the data to calculate the enthalpy change of formation,∆Hf , of but-2-
ene.
(3)
4C(s) + 4H2(g) 
→ C4H8(g)
(ii) Suggest why your answer to (f )(i) is unlikely to be exactly in agreement

with the value in a data book.
(1)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................

(32) June 2019 Q (9, 10, 11, 12) New

9 Use the data shown.
What is the standard enthalpy change of formation of methane (CH4) in kJ

mol–1?
10 Chlorine reacts with ethane to form chloroethane and hydrogen chloride.

Cl2 + C2H6 
→ C2H5Cl + HCl
What is the enthalpy change for the reaction, in kJ mol–1?
11 Which equation represents the standard enthalpy change of atomisation of

bromine?

12 In an experiment, 50.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm−3 HCl(aq) reacts with 50.0 cm3 of
1.0 mol dm−3 NaOH(aq).
The energy released = 2500 J.
The specific heat capacity of the mixture is 4.18 J g−1 °C−1
What temperature change occurs in the reaction?
(33) Nov 2019 Q (3)

3 Under certain conditions, graphite burns to form carbon monoxide.
2C(s) + O2(g) 
→ 2CO(g) ∆H = −221 kJ mol−1
Which of these is correct?

(34) Nov 2019 Q (17_b)

(b) (i) Complete the equation for the combustion of butan-1-ol.
State symbols are not required.
(1)
(ii) Calculate a value for the enthalpy change of combustion of butan-1-ol

using the equation in (b)(i) and the mean bond enthalpies in the table.
(3)
(iii) A data book value of the molar enthalpy change of combustion of butan-1-ol
is −2670 kJ mol−1
Give two reasons for the difference between this value and the value
calculated in (b)(ii).
(2)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................

(35) Nov 2019 Q (19_d, ii)

(ii) Sulfur trioxide reacts with water to produce sulfuric acid.
SO3(g) + H2O(l) 
→ H2SO4(aq) ∆rH = −200 kJ mol−1
Draw an enthalpy level diagram to show the enthalpy change for this reaction.
(2)
(36) Jan 2020 Q (1, 2, 3)

1 Which equation represents the standard enthalpy change of formation,
∆fHΘ, of hydrogen iodide?

2 When 50 cm3 of hydrochloric acid of concentration 2.0 mol dm−3 is added to

50 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution of concentration 2.0 mol dm−3, the
temperature increase is 13.0 °C.
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) 
The experiment is repeated using 25 cm3 of the same hydrochloric acid and
50 cm3 of the same sodium hydroxide solution.
What is the temperature increase?
3 Nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to form ammonia.

 2NH3(g)
N2(g) + 3H2(g)  ∆rH = −92 kJ mol−1
What is the mean bond energy, in kJ mol−1, for the N–H bond?

(37) Jan 2020 Q (15)

15 This question is about hydrated salts.
(a) The enthalpy change for the conversion of anhydrous copper(II) sulfate,
CuSO4 , to the hydrated form, CuSO4.5H2O, can be found using Hess’s Law.
A student carried out experiments to determine the value of the enthalpy

change, ∆rH.
Known masses of anhydrous and hydrated copper(II) sulfate were dissolved
separately in water in insulated containers, and the temperature changes
measured.
The results are shown in the table.
(i) State why different volumes of water are used in the two experiments.
Justify your answer.
(2)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(ii) Calculate the enthalpy change of solution, ∆solnH, in kJ mol−1, for the
anhydrous salt, CuSO4 .
(3)

(iii) Complete the Hess cycle by adding two arrowheads.

(1)
(iv) Calculate the value for the enthalpy change ∆rH, in kJ mol−1, for the
conversion of the anhydrous salt to the hydrated salt.
Use the value from the table for ∆solnH (CuSO4.5H2O), the value for ∆solnH
(CuSO4) calculated in (a)(ii) and the completed Hess cycle in (a)(iii).
(2)
b) The hydration of anhydrous copper(II) sulfate is reversible.


→ CuSO4.5H2O(s)
CuSO4(s) + 5H2O(l) ←

The forward reaction is exothermic. The temperature changes for both the
forward and reverse reactions are difficult to measure.
Suggest a reason in each case.
(2)
Forward ..............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
Reverse ..............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................

(c) Describe the processes that occur when solid copper(II) sulfate dissolves
in water.
(2)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(d) Hydrates of sodium carbonate may be represented by the formula
Na2CO3.xH2O.
The value of x can be found by making up a solution of sodium carbonate and
titrating this with a solution of hydrochloric acid of known concentration.
A known mass of Na2CO3.xH2O was dissolved in water, made up to the mark
in a 250.0 cm3 volumetric flask and mixed thoroughly.
25.0 cm3 portions of the solution were titrated with 0.0900 mol dm−3
hydrochloric acid using methyl orange indicator. The mean titre was 25.60
cm3.
The equation for the neutralisation reaction is
Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) 
→ 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
(i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of sodium carbonate in the 250.0 cm3 of
solution.
(2)

(ii) The 250.0 cm3 of solution was prepared by dissolving 3.29 g of

Na2CO3.xH2O.
Use this mass and your answer to (d)(i) to determine the value of x.
Give your answer to the appropriate number of significant figures.
You must show your working.
(4)

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Edexcel IAS Chemistry Classified Unit_2_Topic 1

1 1 – Energetics Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

(1) Jan 2014 Q (12, 13, 14)

13 Which of the following equations represents a reaction for which the

14 Consider the following bond enthalpy values.

The enthalpy change for the reaction

2 1 – Energetics Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

(2) Jan 2014 Q (19_c, d)

(ii) Calculate the number of moles of methanol burned in this experiment.

(iii) Calculate the enthalpy change of combustion of methanol in kJ mol–1.

3 1 – Energetics Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

16 Consider the two equations given below.

4 1 – Energetics Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

(4) June 2014 Q (23)

(c) Enthalpy changes can be calculated using enthalpy changes of

5 1 – Energetics Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

Space for working

standard enthalpy change for the reaction = ...................... kJ mol−1

6 1 – Energetics Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

(5) Jan 2015 Q (5, 6)

6 Which of the following enthalpy changes cannot be measured directly by

(6) Jan 2015 Q (22)

7 1 – Energetics Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

In the experiment, 15.22 g of NH4CNS was reacted with an excess of

(ii) Calculate the number of moles of NH4CNS used in the experiment.

(iii) Calculate the enthalpy change of the reaction, in kJ mol–1, to two

8 1 – Energetics Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

Answer = ................................ kJ mol–1

9 1 – Energetics Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

What is the relationship between a, b, c and d?

10 1 – Energetics Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

(8) June 2015 Q (23_e)

(ii) Calculate ∆HΘf, in kJ mol−1.

standard enthalpy change of formation of propene = .................... kJ mol−1

11 1 – Energetics Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

(9) Jan 2016 Q (5, 6)

12 1 – Energetics Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

(10) Jan 2016 Q (20_c)

energy transferred = .................................... kJ

enthalpy change of combustion = .........................................

13 1 – Energetics Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

14 1 – Energetics Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

(11) June 2016 Q (5)

(12) June 2016 Q (19_c, d)

(i) The standard enthalpy change of formation of H2O(g) is –241.8 kJ mol–1.

15 1 – Energetics Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

(iii) A refill canister for the cordless hair-styler holds 15 g of 2-methylpropane.

16 1 – Energetics Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

(13) Nov 2016 Q (12, 13)

What temperature change should be used when calculating the energy

13 Hess’s law can be used to determine enthalpy changes which cannot be

Using Hess’s law, the expression to determine ΔH1 is

17 1 – Energetics Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

(14) Nov 2016 Q (18_b)

18 1 – Energetics Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

15 When 10 cm3 of a nitric acid solution reacts with 20 cm3 of a sodium

(16) Jan 2017 Q (23_b)