Edexcel IAS Chemistry Classified Unit_2_Topic 2

50 2 – Intermolecular Forces Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

Edexcel IAS Chemistry Classified Unit_2_Topic 2

(1) Jan 2014 Q (19)

19 Some ionic solids, such as sodium chloride, are soluble in water because

(2) June 2014 Q (12, 13, 14, 15)

12 The table below gives the boiling temperatures of some alcohols.

From the data in the table, the boiling temperature of hexan-1-ol is most likely
to be

13 An experiment to determine the effect of an electrostatic force on a jet of

liquid is carried out using the apparatus as shown.

51 2 – Intermolecular Forces Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

Edexcel IAS Chemistry Classified Unit_2_Topic 2

Which of the following liquids would not be significantly deflected by the

electrostatic force applied?

14 Although they have similar relative molecular masses, the boiling

temperatures of pentane (36 °C) and butan-1-ol (117 °C) are significantly
different. The reason for this is that, in comparison with pentane,

15 Compounds such as sodium chloride dissolve in water because the ions

interact with the water molecules. The interactions are

(3) Jan 2015 Q (1, 2)

1 Which of the following are properties of the liquid, 1-bromobutane?

52 2 – Intermolecular Forces Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

Edexcel IAS Chemistry Classified Unit_2_Topic 2

2 (a) The strongest intermolecular forces in liquid ammonia are

(b) The graph below shows the boiling temperatures for the Group 5 hydrides.
Select the most likely boiling temperature for ammonia.

53 2 – Intermolecular Forces Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

Edexcel IAS Chemistry Classified Unit_2_Topic 2

(4) Jan 2016 Q (6)

6 Which of the following compounds has hydrogen bonding in the liquid
state?

(5) Jan 2016 Q (24_d)

(d) (i) When chlorine is passed over iodine crystals, iodine monochloride, ICl,
is formed.
Iodine monochloride, ICl, is a liquid at room temperature whereas chlorine,
Cl2, is a gas.
Explain, in terms of intermolecular forces, why this is so.
(4)
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(6) June 2016 Q (12)
12 As Group 7 is descended, the boiling temperatures of the hydrogen
halides, from HF to HI,

54 2 – Intermolecular Forces Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

Edexcel IAS Chemistry Classified Unit_2_Topic 2

(7) Nov 2016 Q (4)

4 Which isomer, with the formula C7H16, will have the lowest boiling
temperature?

(8) Nov 2016 Q (22_d)

(d) The boiling temperatures of the hydrogen halides are shown.

*(i) London forces are present in all of these compounds.

Describe how these forces arise.
(2)
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(ii) State why the London forces are greater in hydrogen iodide than in
hydrogen bromide.
(1)
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55 2 – Intermolecular Forces Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

Edexcel IAS Chemistry Classified Unit_2_Topic 2

(iii) Explain why the boiling temperature of hydrogen fluoride is higher than
that of hydrogen chloride.
(2)
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(9) Jan 2017 Q (5, 6)
5 At room temperature, iodine is a solid and bromine is a liquid.
The best explanation for this is that

6 Which molecule will have the highest boiling temperature?

56 2 – Intermolecular Forces Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

Edexcel IAS Chemistry Classified Unit_2_Topic 2

(10) Nov 2017 Q (5)

5 Which substance has more than one type of intermolecular force between
its molecules in the liquid state?

(11) Nov 2017 Q (24_b, c)

24 A hydrogen peroxide molecule can be represented by the structure shown.

(b) Hydrogen peroxide dissolves in water.

(i) State the strongest type of interaction that occurs between molecules of
hydrogen peroxide and water.
(1)
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(ii) Draw a diagram to show the interaction named in (b)(i) between one
molecule of hydrogen peroxide and one molecule of water.
Show any relevant lone pairs and dipoles in your diagram.
(3)

*(c) Explain, in terms of electronegativity, why the boiling temperature of H2S2

is lower than that of H2O2.
(2)
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57 2 – Intermolecular Forces Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

Edexcel IAS Chemistry Classified Unit_2_Topic 2

(12) Jan 2018 Q (3, 11)

3 This question is about the hydrides of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine.
(a) The hydride with the highest boiling temperature is

(b) The hydride which has the strongest hydrogen bond in the pure liquid is

11 When potassium chloride dissolves in water, the main interaction between

the ions and water molecules is

(13) Jan 2018 Q (23_a)

23 Glucose occurs naturally in many fruits. It is a white powder at room
temperature and is extremely soluble in water. Glucose may be represented
by the structure below.

The fermentation of glucose is fundamental to brewing and baking. Glucose

breaks down to form carbon dioxide and ethanol.
Drinks with a high alcohol content are obtained by distillation from a
fermentation mixture.
For many years, the alcohol content of such drinks was measured as degrees
proof. Originally this was defined by the gunpowder test. A pellet of
gunpowder was soaked in the drink.

58 2 – Intermolecular Forces Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

Edexcel IAS Chemistry Classified Unit_2_Topic 2

If the gunpowder would still ignite, the alcohol drink was at least 100° proof.
The reason for introducing this measure was that, from the sixteenth century,
the tax on alcoholic drinks was related to their alcohol content.
Nowadays, most countries have adopted alcohol percentage by volume
(ABV), which is the volume of ethanol, in cm3, present in 100 cm3 of the drink.
Today, most ethanol for chemical use is produced by an addition reaction of
ethene.
*(a) (i) Name all the intermolecular forces between glucose molecules. For
each type of force, indicate the atoms in the molecule involved.
A detailed explanation of how these forces arise is not required.
(6)
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(ii) Explain why glucose is very soluble in water.
(2)
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59 2 – Intermolecular Forces Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

Edexcel IAS Chemistry Classified Unit_2_Topic 2

(14) Nov 2018 Q (10, 11, 12)

10 Which isomer of C6H14 has the lowest boiling temperature?

11 What is the trend in boiling temperatures for the hydrogen halides from HF
to HI?

12 Which compound is the most soluble in hexane?

60 2 – Intermolecular Forces Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

Edexcel IAS Chemistry Classified Unit_2_Topic 2

(15) Nov 2018 Q (24_c, iii)

(iii) Explain, in terms of intermolecular forces, why nitrogen trichloride has a
similar boiling temperature to ethanol.

(4)
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61 2 – Intermolecular Forces Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

Edexcel IAS Chemistry Classified Unit_2_Topic 2

(16) Sample Assessment Materials 2019 Q (1, 2, 3)

1 Which alkane has the highest boiling temperature?

2 Which is the order of increasing boiling temperature?

3 Which statement is not explained by hydrogen bonding?

62 2 – Intermolecular Forces Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

Edexcel IAS Chemistry Classified Unit_2_Topic 2

(17) Jan 2019 Q (5, 6)

5 In alkanes, increasing the length and branching of the carbon chain both
affect the boiling temperature.
Which of the following combination of effects is correct?

6 What is the correct order of boiling temperatures for the hydrogen halides,
from the lowest to highest?

(18) June 2019 Q (16) New

16 This question is about hydrogen bonding.
(a) Which property is not due to hydrogen bonding?

(b) Which diagram best represents a hydrogen bond between two water
molecules?

63 2 – Intermolecular Forces Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

Edexcel IAS Chemistry Classified Unit_2_Topic 2

(19) Nov 2019 Q (4)

4 What are the strongest interactions between molecules in solid hydrogen
iodide, HI?

(20) Jan 2020 Q (5)

5 Which compounds are arranged in order of decreasing boiling
temperature?

64 2 – Intermolecular Forces Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)

Edexcel IAS Chemistry Classified Unit_2_Topic 2

(21) Jan 2020 Q (16_a)

16 This question is about trends in the Periodic Table.
*(a) The boiling temperatures of some isoelectronic hydrides are shown.

Explain the differences in these boiling temperatures by considering all the

intermolecular forces involved.
Detailed descriptions of the intermolecular forces involved are not required.
(6)
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65 2 – Intermolecular Forces Mostafa Barakat (0100 165 44 62)