Science

Quarter 2 – Module 2:
Practical Applications
of EM Waves

Photo: Sunset
Captured by: Elmar M. Dongallo

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

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Science – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 2: Practical Applications of EM Waves
First Edition, 2020

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authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module

Author : Elmar M. Dongallo

Content Editor : Mark Windel R. Doño, Menia M. Rosales
Language Editor : Marria Luisa M. Casiño
Reviewers : Ellen A. Azuelo, PhD, Rejynne Mary L. Ruiz, PhD
Illustrator and Layout Artist :
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Chairperson : Arturo B. Bayocot, PhD, CESO III
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: Randolph B. Tortola, PhD, CESO IV
Schools Division Superintendent
: Shambaeh A. Abantas-Usman, PhD
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
: Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD

Members : Neil A. Improgo, EPS-LRMS

Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., EPS-ADM
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 10
Science
Quarter 2 – Module 2:
Practical Applications
of EM Waves

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and other
education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
recommendations to the Department of Education at bukidnon@
deped.gov.ph.
We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

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 Table of Contents
Cover Page
Copyright Page
Title Page
Table of Contents
Introductory Message
For the Teacher/Facilitator
For the Learner
For the Parents/Guardian
What I Need to Know
What I Know
Module 2: The Practical Applications of EM Waves
Lesson 1: Radio and Microwaves
in Wireless Communications
What I Need to Know 1
What I Know 1
What’s In 2
What’s New 3
What Is it 4
What’s More 6
What I Have Learned 7
What I can Do 7
Assessment 8
Additional Activities 8
Lesson 2: The Application of Invisible Heat, Visible Light,
and Energetic Light
What I Need to Know 9
What I Know 9
What’s In 10
What’s New 11
What Is it 12
What’s More 14
What I Have Learned 15
What I can Do 15
Assessment 16
Additional Activities 16
Lesson 3: The Application of Penetrating Radiation
and Nuclear Energy
What I Need to Know 17
What I Know 17
What’s In 18
What’s New 19
What Is it 20
What’s More 21
What I Have Learned 22
What I can Do 22
Assessment 22
Additional Activities 23

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Summary 23
Unit Test 24
Answers Keys 26
References 27

Introductory Message
Welcome to the Science 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on the Practical
Applications of EM Waves!

To the Teachers:
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators
from public schools to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in helping the learners
meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal,
social, and economic constraints in schooling.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress and allow them to manage
their own learning for optimal development and understanding. Furthermore, you are
expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in this
module.

To the Parents:
This module was designed to provide your children with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at their own pace and time.
As vital partners in education, your support to your children’s learning at home is a
great factor to ensure that they will become successful in what they do. As parents,
you are expected to monitor your children’s progress as they accomplish the tasks
present in this module and ensure that they will practice learning independently.
To the Learners:
This learning resource hopes to engage you into guided and independent learning
activities at your own pace and time. This also aims to help you acquire the needed
21st century skills while taking into consideration your needs and circumstances.
It is our objective that you will have fun while going through this material. Take
charge of your learning pace and in no time, you will successfully meet the targets
and objectives set in this module which are intended for your ultimate development
as a learner and as a person.

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 - From the Science 10 Module Development Team

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
What is It This section provides a brief discussion of
the lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
What’s More This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what youiii learned from the lesson.
What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to
you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the
module.

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At the end of this module you will also find:
References This is a list of all sources used in developing
this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the practical applications of electromagnetic waves. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to
follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

Lesson 1 – Radio and Microwaves in Wireless Communication
Lesson 2 – The Application of Invisible Heat, Visible Light and Energetic Light
Lesson 3 – The Application of Penetrating Radiation and Nuclear Energy

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. explain how radio waves and microwaves used in wireless
communications;
2. describe the uses of infrared, visible spectrum and ultraviolet rays;
3. describe how x-ray, gamma rays, alpha, beta and neutron particles used in
l and nuclear engineering.

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Module
Practical Applications of EM
2 Waves
What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the practical applications of electromagnetic waves. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to

follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

Lesson 1 – Radio and Microwaves in Wireless Communication
Lesson 2 – The Application of Invisible Heat, Visible Light and Ultraviolet Light
Lesson 3 – The Application of Penetrating Radiation and Nuclear Energy

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. explain how radio waves and microwaves used in wireless
communications;
2. describe the uses of infrared, visible spectrum and ultraviolet rays;
3. describe some practical applications of X-rays and Gamma rays

So, have fun in learning!

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 What I Need to Know

In the previous lesson, you were able to describe the different regions of
electromagnetic wave: its frequency and wavelength. The different regions of
electromagnetic waves are Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible light, UV-
rays, X-rays and Gamma rays. In this lesson, you will cite examples of practical
applications of the different regions of electromagnetic waves.

In the succeeding activities and discussions, you will venture into how this
wave is used in sending information and messages and how wireless communication
has affected people’s daily affairs.

What I Know

Lesson Radio and Microwaves in

1 Wireless Communication
Check your understanding!
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write you answer on the
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following forms of electromagnetic waves is used mostly in

communication?
A. Gamma rays C. Radio wave
B. Infrared D. X-ray

2. Which of the following energy transformations occur at the receiving station?

A. Sound energy to electrical energy
B. Electromagnetic energy to sound energy
C. Electrical energy to electromagnetic energy
D. Electromagnetic energy to electrical energy

3. What type of radio waves are used to broadcast FM station?

A. Ultra High Frequency C. Very High Frequency
B. Extremely High Frequency D. Low Frequency Satellite

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 4. Communication is an application of what type of wave?
A. Infrared C. Radio wave
B. Microwave D. X-ray

5. What electromagnetic wave is produced by making electrons vibrate in an

antenna?
A. Infrared C. Radio wave
B. Microwave D. X-ray

What Is In

Did you send text messages to somebody today? Or have you watched your
favorite TV shows?
You have learned that electromagnetic wave is applied in wireless
communications among others. In the succeeding discussions, you will venture into
how this wave is used in sending information and messages and how wireless
communication has affected people’s daily affairs.
What do you mean by wireless communication? How this wireless
communication become possible?

Try the activity below to learn about the practical applications of radio waves
and microwaves in wireless communications.

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 What’s New
Activity 1: I am a Product of…

Directions: Look at the picture below and state whether each application uses
radio wave or microwave. Write your answer on the separate sheet of paper.

1. ______________
RADAR

4. ______________

2. ______________

OVEN

5. ______________

FM Studio

3. ______________

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 What Is It

Applications of Radio Waves and Microwaves

in Wireless Communication

Radio Communication

Today, conversations, data and even music can be transmitted through air
over millions of kilometers because of radio waves. Wireless communication has
become possible through transmission and reception of these radio waves.
Remember, radio waves can be transmitted through empty space!
Radio waves have the longest wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum.
They are produced by making electrons vibrate in an antenna.
Medium and high frequency waves are used for broadcasting by local
radio stations. In a radio station, sound is converted by a microphone into patterns of
electric current variations called audio-frequency (AF) signals. High frequency radio
waves called radio-frequency (RF) carriers can be modulated to match the electronic
signal. In amplitude modulation (AM), the amplitude of the radio waves (RF carrier)
changes to match that of the audio-frequency (AF) signal. This is used in standard
broadcasting because it can be sent over long distances. Very high frequency waves
provide a higher quality broadcasting including stereo sound. In this process, instead
of the amplitude of the RF carrier, it is the frequency of the waves that changes to
match that of the signal. This is called frequency modulation (FM). When the radio
wave is received by the antenna of a radio or television, the pattern is converted
back to its original form. The sound portions of most television broadcasts are
carried as AM waves while the picture portions are carried as FM waves. They are
used to transmit sound and picture information over long distances.
Radio waves have a very wide range of wavelengths. The whole region of the
radio waves is divided into smaller regions of wavebands. Each waveband is
allocated by law to a specific radio service.
Low frequency waves are suitable for communication over great distance. But
the curvature of the earths limits the range to about 80 km. To extend the range, a
repeater is used. The repeater receives the signal and re-transmits it to the receiving
station. High frequency waves can be reflected by the ionosphere. This enables the
waves to be transmitted over great distances.

Did you know…

Frequency is an important characteristics of radio wave. AM
broadcast frequency is about 1,000,000 cycles per second (Hertz).
For example, when you tune in to your favorite AM radio station at
630 on the dial, the radio is tuning to the radio wave with the
frequency of 630,000 cycles per second! On the other hand, FM
radio operates on 100,000,000 cycles per second. So, when you
turn to 101.1 FM, your radio is tuning to 101,100,000 cycles per
second frequency.

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Applications of Microwaves

Satellite Communication

We know for a fact that radio waves travel in straight line. Why then are we
able to receive messages or information from other parts of the world?

First, let’s take a short review of some facts we learned in earth science. One
layer of the atmosphere is composed of ionized gases. This layer is called
ionosphere. The high frequency waves penetrate into the ionosphere and to the
space. Therefore, communication satellites are used to reflect these waves back to
earth which are then captured by the receiving antennas. Communication satellites
travel around the earth at an altitude of 35, 000 km above the equator. They move at
a speed of 11,300 km/h and revolve around the earth every 24 hours, the same rate
as the rotation of the earth. This makes them appear stationary when seen on Earth.
Antennae are mounted to point in fixed directions towards these satellites.
Microwaves can penetrate the atmosphere of the earth. This is the reason
why they are used for satellite communications. Microwaves signals re transmitted
by an antenna to a satellite which amplifies and re-transmits the signal to an antenna
in other parts of the world. This is how we communicate with the rest of the world.
Most communication satellites are used to send and receive radio signals for
telephone services while the rest are for television broadcasting, scientific research
and weather forecast.

RADAR

Microwaves have short wavelengths and are reflected by small objects. This
property is used in radars. RADAR is an acronym of Radio Detection and Ranging.
A radar system consists of an antenna, transmitter, and a receiver. The antenna
whirls around continuously to scan the surrounding area. The transmitter sends out a
narrow beam of microwaves in short pulses. A distant object reflects some of the
signal back to the receiver. The direction to which the signal was received gives the
direction of the object. The distance of the object can be calculated from the time lag
between the transmitted pulse and the reflected pulse.

Terrestrial Communication

Do you notice that a lot of people now resort to Cable TV for news,
entertainment and educational programs? CATV or cable TV is now used because of
its wide range of channels and clearer sound and picture. Moreover, some cable
companies provide internet access to users. How does this amazing CATV work?
Microwaves are used to transmit television news coverage from mobile
broadcast vehicles back to the station. The news crew can also set up a small
antenna to send signals to a communication satellite. This is how news are
broadcasted and watched live around the world.
A cell phone is a radio transmitter and receiver that uses microwaves. Cellular
phone is a very sophisticated radio, but still a radio nonetheless. It is today’s answer
to the emerging demand for mobile communication. Cellular phones depend on

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overlapping network of cells or areas of land several kilometers in diameter. Each
cell has its tower that receives and sends microwaves signals.

Other Application of Microwaves

Microwave Oven

In a microwave oven, foods absorb certain microwave frequencies very

strongly. The microwaves penetrate the food being heated. it will agitate the water
molecules within the food, thus creating molecular friction which then produces heat
that will cook it.

What’s More

Activity 2: My Uses!

Directions: Below are the applications of radio waves and microwaves. You have to
fill in the table below by stating the types of EM waves and explain how these waves
are used in wireless communication. Write your answer on the separate sheet of
paper.

Type of EM Applications Uses (wireless communication)

Waves

FM Radio

RADAR

Cellular phone

Cable TV

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Check your understanding!

1. How are AM and FM radio waves used in wireless communication?

2. How are satellite communication and terrestrial communication used in
wireless communication?

What I Can Do

1. What is your favorite FM station?

2. What frequency does your radio tune to when you dial this station?

What I Have Learned

Assessment

Directions: Choose the correct answer and write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following forms of electromagnetic waves is used mostly in

communication?
A. Gamma rays C. Radio wave
B. Infrared D. X-ray
2. What type of electromagnetic wave is produced by making electrons vibrate in
an antenna?
A. Infrared C. Radio wave

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 B. Microwave D. X-ray
3. Which of the following energy transformations occur at the receiving station?
A. Sound energy to electrical energy
B. Electromagnetic energy to sound energy
C. Electrical energy to electromagnetic energy
D. Electromagnetic energy to electrical energy
4. Satellite Communication is an application of what type of wave?
A. Infrared B. Microwave C. Radio wave D. X-ray
5. Which type of radio waves are used to broadcast FM station?
A. Infrared B. Microwave C. Radio wave D. X-ray

Additional Activities

Directions: What is the function of a tower in cell phone operation? Use

the separate sheet of paper for your answer.

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 The Application of Invisible
Lesson
Heat, Visible Light and
2
Ultraviolet Light
What I Need To
Know

In this particular lesson, you will be able to learn that most of the EM waves
are detectable and can be seen in our naked eyes.
In the succeeding activities and discussions, you will cite some practical
applications of infrared, visible light and ultraviolet light and how these waves had
affected people’s daily living.

What I Know

Check your understanding!

Directions: Choose the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What form of radiation that lies beyond the red end and the visible light?
A. Infrared C. Visible light
B. Ultraviolet D. X-rays
2. What type of wave is used to produce Infrared Scanners?
A. Gamma rays C. Visible light
B. Infrared D. X-ray
3. What light is produced by heat?
A. Fluorescent light C. Neon light
B. Incandescent light D. Illuminated light
4. Sterilization of water from a drinking fountain is an application of what type of
EM waves?
A. Infrared C. Visible light.
B. UV light. D. X-ray
5. What electromagnetic wave is sometimes called the invisible heat rays?
A. Gamma rays C. Radio waves

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 B. Infrared D. Visible light

What’s In

In the previous lesson, you have learned about radio waves and microwaves,
both are used in wireless communication. Wireless communication has become
possible through transmission and reception of these radio waves. People around
the world are now able to communicate with one another through innovations in
technology. Cell phones are very familiar to youngsters like you. You can talk to your
friend in another country using this small gadget and you feel like he/ she is just
around the corner. Cell phones along with other telecommunication devices have
made distance immaterial. Wireless communication has made the world smaller!
In your own idea, what does wireless communication mean?

Notes to the Teacher

You may instruct the student to write down their answers in

their activity notebook.

The next activity will give you an idea about infrared wave.

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 What’s New

Activity 3: Guess What!

Directions: Look at the picture below. Guess what type of EM waves (infrared,
visible light and UV light) do they belong. Write your answer on the separate sheet
of paper.

1. ___________________________ 3. ___________________________

2. ___________________________
4. ___________________________

5. ___________________________

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 What is It

Applications of Infrared, Visible Light and UV lights

The Invisible Heat

Infrared waves are in the lower-middle range of frequencies in the EM

spectrum. Infrared radiation lies beyond the red end of the visible light. The size of
infrared waves ranges from a few millimeters down to microscopic lengths. The
longer-wavelength infrared waves produce heat and include radiation emitted by
fire, the sun and other heat-producing objects; shorter-wavelength infrared rays do
not produce much heat and are used in remote controls and imaging technologies.
The amount and wavelength of radiation depend on temperature. Below 500 0C, an
object emits only infrared radiation. Above 500 0C, an object glows and emits both
infrared and visible light. The difference in color determine the differences in
temperature. For examples shades of blue and green indicate regions of colder
temperature; and red and yellow indicate warmer temperature.
The human eye is not sensitive to the infrared light used by television remote
controls. To send a signal to a television, remote controls often use a diode that
emits light. Some digital cameras have filters to block near-infrared light, but most
can detect it. It shows up on the screen as if it were visible light. When you press a
button on the remote control, the camera may show a pulsing light emitted by the
remote.

The following are some useful applications of Infrared radiation:

1. Infrared photographs taken from a satellite with special films provide
useful details of the vegetation on the Earth’s surface.
2. Infrared scanners are used to show the temperature variation of the
body. This can be used for medical diagnosis.
3. Infrared remote controls are used in TV’s, video, cassette recorders,
and other electronic appliances
4. Infrared camera has transmitter that sends out infrared pulses.
5. A night-vision google.

Applications of Visible Light

When white light passes through a prism, it is separated into its constituent
colors: the red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. These colors do not
distinctly separate but they continuously change from red to violet. Red color has the
longest wavelength from among these colors and violet has the shortest.

12
Our eyes are sensitive to electromagnetic waves of wavelengths that ranges from
4x10-7 m to 7x10-7 m. This is the range of wavelengths of white light. Thus, the
spectrum of white light is therefore called the visible spectrum.
Visible light is essential for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by
which green plant makes food. Forms of energy taken from the sun used by plants
and microorganisms million years ago are locked up in coal and oil used as energy
resources today.

Production of light

There are several ways in which a luminous object can be made to give off energy in
the form of light. A luminous object can produce incandescent light, fluorescent light
and neon light.
a. Incandescent Light is a form of light produced by heat. Ordinary light bulbs in
your home are incandescent. They produce light when electricity is applied to
them. Inside the glass bulb of a light bulb is a thin wire filament made of metal
tungsten. Tungsten can be heated to over 2000 0C without melting.
b. Fluorescent Light is cooler and uses much less energy than incandescent
light. Instead of being used up to build up heat, electrons in fluorescent lights
are used to bombard molecules of gas kept at low pressure in a tube. The
color that a fluorescent bulb produces depends on the phosphors used.
c. Neon Light can be seen in thin glass tubes of brightly colored lights. It is a
cool light similar to fluorescent light. When electrons pass through the glass
tubes filled with certain gases, light is produced. The most common type of
gas used is neon gas which produced bright red. If other gases are added,
however, different colors are produced.

Application of Ultraviolet Radiation

The Heat Energy

Ultraviolet radiation lies just beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum.
Ultraviolet waves have shorter wavelengths than the visible light and carry more
energy.
The sun is our main source of ultraviolet radiation but there are also artificial
sources of UV light. Ultraviolet radiation in UV lamps are used by banks to check the
signature on a passbook. The signature is marked on the passbook with fluorescent
ink. It becomes visible when viewed under an UV lamp. These lamps are also used
to identify fake banknotes.
UV radiation is also used in sterilizing water from drinking fountains. Some
washing powder also contains fluorescent chemicals which glow in sunlight. This
makes your shirt look whiter than white light in daylight.
UV radiation in sunlight produces vitamin D in the skin and gives us tanning
effect.

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 What’s More

Activity 4: My Functions!

Directions: Below are the applications of infrared, visible light and UV light. You
have to fill in the table below by stating the types of EM waves and describe the uses
of this electromagnetic wave. Write your answer on the separate sheet of paper.

Type of EM Applications Uses (Practical Applications)

Waves
Photosynthesis

Remote control

Fluorescent Bulb

Banknotes

Infrared Scanner

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 What I Have Learned

Check your understanding!

1. Describe the uses of infrared, visible spectrum and ultraviolet rays.

2. How can infrared radiation be detected if cannot be seen?
3. What is meant by visible spectrum?

What I Can Do

Apply what you have learned!

1. Suppose you are building an incubator and you need a source of heat.
Would you use an incandescent or fluorescent light bulb? Explain your
answer.

Assessment

Directions: Choose the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What electromagnetic wave is sometimes called the invisible heat rays?
A. Gamma rays C. Radio waves
B. Infrared D. Visible light
2. What form of radiation that lies beyond the red end and the visible light?
A. Infrared C. Visible light
B. Ultraviolet D. X-rays
3. Sterilization of water from a drinking fountain is an application of what type of

15
 EM waves?
A. Infrared C. X-ray
B. UV light D. Visible light
4. What type of wave is used to produced Infrared Scanners?
A. Gamma rays C. Visible light
B. Infrared D. X-rays
5. What light is produced from heat?
A. Fluorescent light C. Neon light
B. Incandescent light D. Illuminated light

Additional Activities

Let’s extend what you have learned!

1. How can you tell the difference between real and fake money?

16
 What I Need To Know

In this particular lesson, you will be able to learn that in the EM spectrum, the
longer the wavelength in the EM waves, the lower its frequency, thus, the lesser the
amount of energy it has.
In the succeeding activities and discussions, you will cite and describe some
practical applications of X-rays and Gamma rays.

So have fun in learning.

What I Know

Lesson Application of Penetrating

3 Radiation and Nuclear
Energy
Check your understanding!
Directions: State whether the following applications are examples of X-ray or
gamma ray. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Diagnosis of bone fracture

2. CT Scanner
3. Radiotherapy
4. Cancer treatment
5. Nuclear Energy

17
 What’s In

In the previous lesson, you understand the applications of the three types of
EM waves, the infrared, visible lights and ultraviolet rays. The amount of infrared
given off by the object depends on the temperature of the object. The used of
infrared scanner in medical diagnosis show the temperature variation of the body.
Visible light is the only EM wave that our eyes can see and life on Earth could not
exist without visible light. Lastly, ultraviolet rays in UV lamps are used by banks to
check the signature on a passbook and also used to identify fake banknotes.

Notes to the Teacher

You may instruct the student to write down their answers

in their activity notebook.

To understand further about the X-rays and gamma rays, you will be doing the
next activity.

18
 What’s New

Activity 5: Guess What!

Directions: State whether the following picture below are examples of X-ray or
Gamma ray. Write the answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Chest Bone Chest Bone

2. ___________________
1. ___________________

Chest Bone

3. ___________________

19

20
 What is It

Radiation is the transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles

through space or through a material medium. It may take such forms as light, or tiny
particles much too small to see. Visible light, the ultraviolet light we receive from the
sun, and transmission signals for TV and radio communications are all forms of
radiation that are common in our daily lives. These are all generally referred to as
'non-ionizing' radiation, though at least some ultraviolet radiation is considered to be
ionizing.
Radiation particularly associated with nuclear medicine and the use of nuclear
energy, along with X-rays, is 'ionizing' radiation, which means that the radiation has
sufficient energy to interact with matter, especially the human body, and produce
ions.

Applications of X-Ray (Penetrating Radiation)

X-rays come just after the ultraviolet rays. They are of shorter wavelength but
carries higher energy than the UV.
X-rays are produced using an X-ray tube. They are emitted when fast moving
electrons hit a metal target. X-rays were discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in
1895.
Long wavelength X-rays can penetrate the flesh but not the bones. They are
used in X-ray photography to help doctors look inside the body. They are useful in
diagnosing bone fractures and tumors.
Short wavelength X-rays can penetrate even through metals. They are used
in industry to inspect welded joints for faults.

Applications of Gamma Rays (Nuclear Energy)

Gamma rays lie at the other end of the electromagnetic spectrum. They are
shortest in wavelength and highest in frequency. Gamma rays are emitted by only
the most energetic cosmic objects such pulsars, neutron stars, supernova and
black holes. Terrestrial sources include lightning, nuclear explosions and
radioactive decay.
Gamma wave wavelengths are measured on the subatomic level and can
actually pass through the empty space within an atom. Gamma rays can destroy
living cells; fortunately, the Earth's atmosphere absorbs any gamma rays that reach
the planet.

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 Gamma rays carry the highest amount of energy thus, they are more
dangerous. They can also be blocked with lead and thick concrete. Gamma rays are
very strong that they can kill living cells. Gamma rays are used to treat cancer
through the process called radiotherapy. They are also used for sterilization of
drinking water.

What’s More

Activity 6: Application and Its Uses!

Directions: Describe the applications of X-rays and Gamma rays using the
concept map below. Write the answer on a separate sheet of paper.

EM Waves

X-rays Gamma Rays

(definition) (definition)

Applications/Uses Applications/Uses

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Check your understanding!

1. Describe the application X-rays and gamma rays.

What I Can Do

What I Have Learned

Let’s apply what you have learned!

1. What is the purpose of applying sunscreen lotion in your skin?

Assessment

Directions: State whether the following applications belong X-ray or gamma ray.
Write the answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Nuclear Energy
2. Diagnosis of bone fracture
3. Cancer treatment
4. CT Scanner
5. Radiotherapy

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 Additional Activities

Please extend what you have learned.

1. Research more about the difference between radiotherapy and

chemotherapy.

Summary:

 Waves in the EM spectrum include the following from the longest wavelength
to the shortest wavelength
1. Radio waves
2. Microwaves
3. Infrared
4. Visible light
5. Ultraviolet
6. X-ray
7. Gamma ray
The order shows the increasing frequency and energy of the EM waves.
 The regions in the electromagnetic spectrum have various uses and
applications as follows:

EM waves Applications/Uses

Radio waves Radio and television communication

Microwaves Satellite communication, terrestrial

communications, RADAR, microwave oven
Infrared Remote control, infrared scanner, night-
vision google, autofocus camera,
thermogram
Visible light Photosynthesis, artificial lighting,
optical fibers in medical uses, screen
of electronic devices
Ultraviolet Rays Sterilization of water from drinking
fountain, check signatures on a
passbook, used to identify fake banknotes
X-rays Medical use, engineering applications
Gamma rays Medical treatment, radiotherapy, nuclear

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 reactions

Unit Test
DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following forms of electromagnetic waves is used mostly in

communication?
A. Gamma rays C. Radio wave
B. Infrared D. X-ray

2. What substance glows when exposed to ultraviolet light?

A. Neon C. photoelectric
B. Phosphors D. Photons

3. What animals can see the ultraviolet light?

A. Dog C. Insect
B. Human D. Monkey

4. What type of electromagnetic wave is produced when electrons vibrate in an

antenna?
A. Infrared C. Radio wave
B. Microwave D. X-ray

5. Which of the following energy transformations occur at the receiving station?

A. Sound energy to electrical energy
B. Electromagnetic energy to sound energy
C. Electrical energy to electromagnetic energy
D. Electromagnetic energy to electrical energy

6. Which type of radio waves are used to broadcast FM station?

A. Low Frequency C. Ultra High Frequency
B. Extremely High Frequency D. Very High Frequency

7. What is the main source of UV light?

A. Fluorescent light C. Sun
B. Incandescent light D. UV lamp

8. Satellite Communication is an application of what type of wave?

A. Infrared C Radio wave.
B. Microwave D. X-ray

9. Which of the following forms of electromagnetic waves is used in sterilization

of medical equipment?
A. Gamma ray C. Ultraviolet
B. Microwave D. X-ray

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10. What light is produced from heat?
A. Fluorescent light C. Neon lights
B. Illuminated light D. Incandescent light

11. The photosynthesis is a process by which green plants make food. This
process used what type of EM waves?
A. Gamma ray C. Ultraviolet
B. Microwaves D. Visible light

12. What form of EM wave is useful in diagnosing bone fracture and Tumors?
A. Gamma ray C. Visible light
B. UV light D. X-ray

13. Which EM wave is emitted by stars and some radioactive substances?

A. Gamma ray C. Visible light
B. UV light D. X-ray

14. Which type of EM wave is also called the penetrating radiation?

A. Microwave C. UV light
B. Radio wave D. X-ray

15. What form of EM wave that is useful in nuclear engineering?

A. Gamma ray C. UV light
B. Microwave D. X-ray

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Answer Keys

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 References

Books:
Science 10 Learner’s Material pages 150-164
Prentice Hall Exploring Physical Science, Texas Edition, Maton et.al
Pages 648-658

Offline Websites;
file:///C:/Users/user/Desktop/SCIENCE/PHYSICS/Module%2017%20Wireless
%20Communication.pdf

Online Websites:
https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/safety-and-security/radiation-and-
health/nuclear-radiation-and-health-effects.aspx
https://www.livescience.com/32344-what-are-x-rays.html
https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=9413

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