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Ulysses Summary

Joyce's novel is set in Dublin on the day of June 16, 1904 and the protagonist, Leopold Bloom, is
a middle-aged Jew whose job as an advertisement canvasser forces him to travel throughout the
city on a daily basis. While Bloom is Joyce's "Ulysses" character, the younger hero of the novel
is Stephen Dedalus, the autobiographical character from Joyce's first novel, A Portrait of the
Artist as a Young Man. While Joyce develops the character of the young student, most of the
novel is focused on Bloom.

Bloom's wife Molly is a singer and she is having an affair with her co-worker, Blazes Boylan,
and early in the morning of June 16, Bloom learns that Molly intends to bring Boylan into their
bed later that afternoon. The Blooms have a daughter named Milly (age 15) who is away,
studying photography. Ten years ago, Molly gave birth to a son, Rudy, but he died when he was
eleven days old and Bloom often thinks of the parallel between his dead son Rudy and his dead
father Rudolph, who killed himself several years before.

Stephen Dedalus is the central character of the novel's first three chapters, which constitute Part I
of Ulysses. Dedalus is an academic and a schoolteacher and he has left Ireland for Paris but he
was forced to return upon hearing news that his mother was gravely ill. The initial depictions of
Stephen indicate that he is guilty because he has separated from the Catholic Church and refused
to pray at the side of his mother's deathbed despite her pleading. Stephen has literary ambitions
but his desire to write Ireland's first true epic is tempered by his fear that the island is too
stultifying for him to be a success. Stephen lives in Martello Tower with Buck Mulligan and a
British student, Haines, and Stephen's introverted personality prevents him from asserting
himself. Instead, his friends patronize him and take advantage of him.

The opening three chapters, "Telemachus," "Nestor" and "Proteus," track the early morning
hours of Stephen Dedalus who eats breakfast, teaches at a school in Dalkey and wanders
Sandymount Strand. The opening chapters of Part II ("Calypso" and "Lotus-Eaters") begin the
day anew, charting the early morning rituals of Leopold Bloom, who must later attend the
funeral of his friend, Paddy Dignam. In "Calypso" and "Lotus-Eaters," the reader learns that
Bloom is a servile husband who prepares breakfast and runs errands on behalf of his wife Molly,
who remains half-asleep. We also learn that Bloom is preoccupied with food and sex. He relishes
eating a slightly burned kidney and has a penchant for voyeurism.

The "Hades" chapter of Ulysses recounts the burial of Paddy Dignam in Glasnevin Cemetery and
it is at this point that Joyce begins to develop his theme of Bloom as a Jewish outsider in an
overwhelmingly Roman Catholic society. Bloom's insecurities are only heightened by his
foreknowledge of Molly's infidelity. Both Leopold Bloom and Stephen Dedalus are set on a long
winding tour of Dublin that occupies most of the afternoon and they continually cross paths
before eventually meeting later that night. The afternoon chapters begin with "Aeolus" and
conclude with Bloom's altercation with the Citizen in "The Cyclops."

After Dignam's funeral, we get a more detailed view of Bloom's routine day. Bloom immediate
heads for the downtown newspaper office-a building that is shared by three companies.
Considering the frenetic pace of the news building, the employees' treatment of Bloom seems
excessively rude and dismissive and Bloom's attempt to secure an easy advertisement renewal
requires a trip to the National Library. Bloom's library visit in "Scylla and Charybdis" presents
another occasion for him to talk to Stephen as their paths cross again but they continue on their
separate paths, neither cognizant of the other. Bloom's suffers the afternoon, dreading his wife's
adulterous act, scheduled for 4:30 pm. Joyce uses the "Wandering Rocks" chapter to mirror
Bloom's desperation with the squalor of the city's poorest families before contrasting Bloom's
unhappy solitude with the jovial and musical atmosphere of "The Sirens." Bloom simply shrugs
off the prejudice of his acquaintances, accepts his solitude as his fate and even at this point, tries
to ignore the serious problems in his marriage.

Upon entering Kiernan's pub, late in the afternoon, Bloom is confronted by the Citizen, a half-
blind patriot whose outspoken anti-Semitism forces Bloom to assert his identity, arguing that he
can be a Jew and an Irish citizen, simultaneously. Citizen is quiet before resuming his offense.
Having burdened the entire pub as a menacing drunk, Citizen focuses the brunt of his attack on
Bloom, accusing him of "robbing widows and orphans," even as Bloom readies to leave, in order
to visit the widow of Paddy Dignam. Bloom coolly replies to Citizen who becomes indignant
when Bloom asserts that Christ, himself, was a Jew. This altercation is the first of the novel's two
dramatic climaxes. When Bloom exits the pub, the raging drunk hurls a biscuit tin at his head,
but Bloom escapes unharmed. Even as the Citizen's depressed faculties hindered him, he was
blinded by the sun, guaranteeing Bloom's victory. The "Wandering Jew" "ascends" into the
heavens and the concluding prose of "The Cyclops" strongly suggests that Joyce modeled Bloom
after Elijah who ascended immediately after completing his course. While Bloom's problems
with Molly remain, his victory in Kiernan's pub anticipates his final transformation into
Stephen's temporary paternal figure. As an Elijah, Bloom passes the "mantle" to Stephen
Dedalus.

The earliest chapter of night is "Nausicaa," which depicts Bloom as an incredibly solemn and
tired man. As he walks the beach of Sandymount Strand we understand that the eclipsing
evening corresponds to his aging and depressing loss of virility. Even though Bloom is only a
middle-aged man with a fifteen-year old daughter, he bears the image of an elderly wanderer. A
young woman named Gerty MacDowell is sitting within their range of mutual sight and as she is
overcome with emotional longing and maternal love, she notices that Bloom is staring at her
while he is conspicuously masturbating himself in his pocket. MacDowell seeks to offer Bloom a
"refuge" and she abets his deed by displaying her undergarments in a coquettish manner. After
masturbating, Bloom is enervated, complaining that Gerty has sapped the youth out of him.

Joyce's deliberate narrative structure produces the interaction between Bloom and Dedalus right
as Bloom contemplates the diminution of his own masculinity and youth. Bloom meets Dedalus
in the National Maternity Hospital, unexpectedly, having arrived to visit Mrs. Mina Purefoy,
who had been in labor for three days. Stephen had accompanied several friends to the Hospital,
including Mulligan who has corrupted his friends into a loud table of young drunks. Bloom
worries for Stephen's safety and he eventually accompanies the young man to "Nighttown," the
red-light district where the "Circe" chapter is set. Undoubtedly, "Circe" is the most memorable
chapter of the book: Bloom suffers "hallucinations" while walking on the street and they
continue inside the brothel of Bella Cohen. Joyce's "Circe" employs Freudian theories of the
subconscious, of repression and sexual desire. Bloom's hallucinations conflate feelings of
religious guilt, acts of sado-masochism and the shame of being cuckolded by the popular ladies'
man, Blazes Boylan.

When Bloom re-emerges from his hallucinations, he finds that Stephen is completely vulnerable,
having degenerated into a limp and intoxicated creature. It is unclear what is causing Stephen to
jump around the room and half-climb the furniture until we see him smash his walking stick into
the chandelier, resisting the ghost of his dead mother who has returned from the grave to use
guilt in order to coerce Stephen into Catholicism. The scene becomes chaotic as Bloom assists
Stephen out of Cohen's brothel. Stephen is alone after his friend Vincent Lynch forsakes him. It
is Bloom who tends to Stephen when he passes out after a pugnacious British soldier delivers a
heavy blow, aware that Stephen is incapable of defending himself. Bloom sees the development
as an opportunity to forge a relationship with Stephen. Bloom succeeds in transporting Dedalus
to the Cabman's Shelter for some coffee and they continue their conversations about love and
music in Bloom's home at 7 Eccles Street. Despite Bloom's insistence, Stephen declines the offer
to spend the night in his home and as the novel concludes, it seems likely that Stephen, like
Bloom, must embark upon his own heroic quest. "Penelope," the final chapter of Ulysses,
presents Molly's assessment of Bloom. Just as we come to understand how Bloom's lack of
empathy largely motivated Molly's infidelity, we also come to understand that Molly truly loves
her husband, independent of the question of their marriage

Ringkasan Penggunaan
Novel Joyce berlatar di Dublin pada tanggal 16 Juni 1904 dan protagonisnya, Leopold Bloom,
adalah seorang Yahudi paruh baya yang pekerjaannya sebagai kanvas iklan memaksanya untuk
melakukan perjalanan ke seluruh kota setiap hari. Sementara Bloom adalah karakter "Ulysses"
Joyce, pahlawan yang lebih muda dari novel ini adalah Stephen Dedalus, karakter otobiografi
dari novel pertama Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man . Sementara Joyce
mengembangkan karakter siswa muda, sebagian besar novel difokuskan pada Bloom.

Istri Bloom, Molly, adalah seorang penyanyi dan dia berselingkuh dengan rekan kerjanya, Blazes
Boylan, dan pada pagi hari tanggal 16 Juni, Bloom mengetahui bahwa Molly bermaksud
membawa Boylan ke tempat tidur mereka sore itu. The Blooms memiliki seorang putri bernama
Milly (usia 15) yang sedang pergi, belajar fotografi. Sepuluh tahun yang lalu, Molly melahirkan
seorang putra, Rudy, tetapi dia meninggal ketika dia berusia sebelas hari dan Bloom sering
memikirkan paralel antara putranya yang sudah meninggal Rudy dan ayahnya yang sudah
meninggal Rudolph, yang bunuh diri beberapa tahun sebelumnya.

Stephen Dedalus adalah karakter sentral dari tiga bab pertama novel, yang merupakan Bagian I
dari Ulysses. Dedalus adalah seorang akademisi dan guru sekolah dan dia telah meninggalkan
Irlandia ke Paris tetapi dia terpaksa kembali setelah mendengar berita bahwa ibunya sakit parah.
Penggambaran awal Stefanus menunjukkan bahwa dia bersalah karena dia telah berpisah dari
Gereja Katolik dan menolak untuk berdoa di samping ranjang kematian ibunya meskipun dia
memohon. Stephen memiliki ambisi sastra tetapi keinginannya untuk menulis epik pertama
Irlandia yang sebenarnya diimbangi oleh ketakutannya bahwa pulau itu terlalu melemahkan
baginya untuk menjadi sukses. Stephen tinggal di Martello Tower bersama Buck Mulligan dan
seorang pelajar Inggris, Haines , dan kepribadian Stephen yang tertutup mencegahnya untuk
menegaskan dirinya sendiri. Sebaliknya, teman-temannya menggurui dan memanfaatkannya.

Tiga bab pembuka, "Telemachus," "Nestor" dan "Proteus," melacak jam-jam pagi Stephen
Dedalus yang makan sarapan, mengajar di sebuah sekolah di Dalkey dan mengembara di
Sandymount Strand. Bab pembukaan Bagian II ("Calypso" dan "Pemakan Teratai") memulai hari
baru, memetakan ritual pagi hari Leopold Bloom, yang kemudian harus menghadiri pemakaman
temannya, Paddy Dignam. Dalam "Calypso" dan "Lotus-Eaters," pembaca mengetahui bahwa
Bloom adalah suami budak yang menyiapkan sarapan dan menjalankan tugas atas nama istrinya
Molly, yang masih setengah tertidur. Kami juga belajar bahwa Bloom disibukkan dengan
makanan dan seks. Dia menikmati makan ginjal yang sedikit terbakar dan memiliki
kecenderungan untuk voyeurisme.

Bab "Hades" dari Ulysses menceritakan penguburan Paddy Dignam di Pemakaman Glasnevin
dan pada titik inilah Joyce mulai mengembangkan temanya tentang Bloom sebagai orang luar
Yahudi dalam masyarakat yang sangat Katolik Roma. Ketidakamanan Bloom hanya diperkuat
oleh pengetahuannya sebelumnya tentang perselingkuhan Molly. Baik Leopold Bloom dan
Stephen Dedalus diatur dalam tur berliku panjang di Dublin yang menghabiskan sebagian besar
sore hari dan mereka terus berpapasan sebelum akhirnya bertemu nanti malam itu. Bab sore
dimulai dengan "Aeolus" dan diakhiri dengan pertengkaran Bloom dengan Warga di "The
Cyclops."

Setelah pemakaman Dignam, kami mendapatkan gambaran yang lebih rinci tentang hari rutin
Bloom. Bloom segera menuju kantor surat kabar di pusat kota - gedung yang digunakan bersama
oleh tiga perusahaan. Mempertimbangkan laju hiruk pikuk gedung berita, perlakuan karyawan
terhadap Bloom tampaknya terlalu kasar dan meremehkan dan upaya Bloom untuk mendapatkan
pembaruan iklan yang mudah membutuhkan perjalanan ke Perpustakaan Nasional. Kunjungan
perpustakaan Bloom di "Scylla dan Charybdis" menghadirkan kesempatan lain baginya untuk
berbicara dengan Stephen saat jalan mereka bersilangan lagi, tetapi mereka melanjutkan jalan
mereka yang terpisah, tidak ada yang menyadari satu sama lain. Bloom menderita pada sore hari,
takut akan tindakan selingkuh istrinya, yang dijadwalkan pada pukul 16.30. Joyce menggunakan
bab "Wandering Rocks" untuk mencerminkan keputusasaan Bloom dengan kemelaratan keluarga
termiskin di kota sebelum membandingkan kesendirian Bloom yang tidak bahagia dengan
suasana riang dan musik dari "The Sirens." Bloom hanya mengabaikan prasangka kenalannya,
menerima kesendiriannya sebagai takdirnya dan bahkan pada titik ini, mencoba mengabaikan
masalah serius dalam pernikahannya.

Saat memasuki pub Kiernan, sore hari, Bloom dihadapkan oleh Citizen, seorang patriot setengah
buta yang anti-Semitisme blak-blakan memaksa Bloom untuk menegaskan identitasnya, dengan
alasan bahwa ia bisa menjadi seorang Yahudi dan warga negara Irlandia, secara bersamaan.
Warga diam sebelum melanjutkan pelanggarannya. Setelah membebani seluruh pub sebagai
pemabuk yang mengancam, Citizen memfokuskan beban serangannya pada Bloom, menuduhnya
"merampok janda dan yatim piatu," bahkan saat Bloom bersiap untuk pergi, untuk mengunjungi
janda Paddy Dignam. Bloom dengan tenang menjawab Citizen yang menjadi marah ketika
Bloom menyatakan bahwa Kristus, dirinya sendiri, adalah seorang Yahudi. Pertengkaran ini
adalah yang pertama dari dua klimaks dramatis novel. Ketika Bloom keluar dari pub, pemabuk
yang mengamuk itu melemparkan kaleng biskuit ke kepalanya, tetapi Bloom lolos tanpa cedera.
Bahkan ketika kemampuan warga yang tertekan menghalanginya, dia dibutakan oleh matahari,
menjamin kemenangan Bloom. The "Wandering Jew" "naik" ke surga dan prosa penutup dari
"The Cyclops" sangat menyarankan bahwa Joyce mencontoh Bloom setelah Elia yang naik
segera setelah menyelesaikan perjalanannya. Sementara masalah Bloom dengan Molly tetap ada,
kemenangannya di pub Kiernan mengantisipasi transformasi terakhirnya menjadi sosok ayah
sementara Stephen. Sebagai Elia, Bloom memberikan "mantel" kepada Stephen Dedalus.

Bab paling awal tentang malam adalah "Nausicaa", yang menggambarkan Bloom sebagai pria
yang sangat khusyuk dan lelah. Saat dia berjalan di pantai Sandymount Strand, kami memahami
bahwa gerhana malam berhubungan dengan penuaan dan kehilangan kejantanannya yang
menyedihkan. Meskipun Bloom hanya seorang pria paruh baya dengan anak perempuan berusia
lima belas tahun, ia memiliki citra pengembara yang sudah tua. Seorang wanita muda bernama
Gerty MacDowell sedang duduk dalam jangkauan pandangan bersama mereka dan saat dia
diliputi oleh kerinduan emosional dan cinta keibuan, dia memperhatikan bahwa Bloom
menatapnya sementara dia secara mencolok sedang melakukan masturbasi di sakunya.
MacDowell berusaha menawarkan Bloom sebuah "perlindungan" dan dia mendukung
perbuatannya dengan menampilkan pakaian dalamnya dengan cara yang centil. Setelah
masturbasi, Bloom merasa lesu, mengeluh bahwa Gerty telah melemahkan masa mudanya.

Struktur naratif Joyce yang disengaja menghasilkan interaksi antara Bloom dan Dedalus tepat
saat Bloom merenungkan penurunan maskulinitas dan kemudaannya sendiri. Bloom bertemu
Dedalus di Rumah Sakit Bersalin Nasional, tiba-tiba datang untuk menjenguk Ny. Mina Purefoy
yang telah melahirkan selama tiga hari. Stephen telah menemani beberapa temannya ke Rumah
Sakit, termasuk Mulligan yang telah mengubah teman-temannya menjadi meja pemabuk muda
yang berisik. Bloom mengkhawatirkan keselamatan Stephen dan dia akhirnya menemani pemuda
itu ke "Nighttown," distrik lampu merah tempat berlatarkan bab "Circe". Tidak diragukan lagi,
"Circe" adalah bab yang paling berkesan dari buku itu: Bloom menderita "halusinasi" saat
berjalan di jalan dan mereka terus berada di dalam rumah bordil Bella Cohen. "Circe" Joyce
menggunakan teori Freud tentang alam bawah sadar, tentang represi dan hasrat seksual.
Halusinasi Bloom mencampurkan perasaan bersalah beragama, tindakan sado-masokisme, dan
rasa malu karena dicurangi oleh wanita populer, Blazes Boylan.

Ketika Bloom muncul kembali dari halusinasinya, dia menemukan bahwa Stephen benar-benar
rentan, telah merosot menjadi makhluk yang pincang dan mabuk. Tidak jelas apa yang
menyebabkan Stephen melompat-lompat di sekitar ruangan dan setengah memanjat perabotan
sampai kita melihatnya menghancurkan tongkatnya ke kandil, melawan hantu ibunya yang sudah
meninggal yang telah kembali dari kubur untuk menggunakan rasa bersalah untuk memaksa.
Stefanus menjadi Katolik. Adegan menjadi kacau saat Bloom membantu Stephen keluar dari
rumah bordil Cohen. Stephen sendirian setelah temannya Vincent Lynch meninggalkannya. Itu
adalah Bloom yang cenderung kepada Stephen ketika dia pingsan setelah seorang tentara Inggris
yang garang memberikan pukulan berat, menyadari bahwa Stephen tidak mampu membela
dirinya sendiri. Bloom melihat perkembangan itu sebagai peluang untuk menjalin hubungan
dengan Stephen. Bloom berhasil membawa Dedalus ke Cabman's Shelter untuk minum kopi dan
mereka melanjutkan percakapan tentang cinta dan musik di rumah Bloom di 7 Eccles Street.
Terlepas dari desakan Bloom, Stephen menolak tawaran untuk bermalam di rumahnya dan
sebagai penutup novel, tampaknya Stephen, seperti Bloom, harus memulai pencarian heroiknya
sendiri. "Penelope," bab terakhir Ulysses, menyajikan penilaian Molly tentang Bloom. Sama
seperti kita memahami bagaimana kurangnya empati Bloom sangat memotivasi perselingkuhan
Molly, kita juga memahami bahwa Molly benar-benar mencintai suaminya, terlepas dari
pertanyaan tentang pernikahan mereka.

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