Immaculate Conception Cathedral School

39 Lantana St., Cubao, Quezon City, Philippines

LEARNING MODULE IN BASIC CALCULUS

Second Semester, S.Y. 2020 - 2021
Lesson 2: Derivative of a function
Period Covered: Week 2, (December 14 – 18, 2020) Day 1, 2 and 3
Learning Competency: Applies the definition of the derivative of a function at a given number.
Learning Target: Find the derivative of a function.
Reference: Mercado, Jesus P., et al., Next Century Mathematics: Basic Calculus, Phoenix Publishing House,
2016
Learning Content:

The derivative of a function with respect to x is the function 𝑓 ! (𝑥), read as “f prime of x”, defined by
𝑓 (𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
"→$ ℎ
The domain of 𝑓 ! is the set of all x for which the limit exists.

Examples:

1. Find the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 " − 𝑥

𝒇(𝒙 + 𝒉) − 𝒇(𝒙)
𝒇𝑰 (𝒙) = 𝒍𝒊𝒎 ; 𝒇(𝒙 + 𝒉) = 4(𝑥 + ℎ)" − (𝑥 + ℎ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝒇(𝒙) = 4𝑥 " − 𝑥
𝒉→𝟎 𝒉
4(𝑥 + ℎ)" − (𝑥 + ℎ) − (4𝑥 " − 𝑥)
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
'→( ℎ
4(𝑥 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ ) − (𝑥 + ℎ) − (4𝑥 " − 𝑥)
" "
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
'→( ℎ
4𝑥 + 8𝑥ℎ + 4ℎ − 𝑥 − ℎ − 4𝑥 " + 𝑥
" "
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
'→( ℎ
"
8𝑥ℎ + 4ℎ − ℎ
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
'→( ℎ
ℎ(8𝑥 + 4ℎ − 1)
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
'→( ℎ
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 8𝑥 + 4ℎ − 1
'→(
! (𝑥)
𝑓 = 8𝑥 + 4(0) − 1
𝑰 (𝒙)
𝒇 = 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟏
The derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 " − 𝑥 is 𝒇𝑰 (𝒙) = 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟏.

2. Find the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 " + 4𝑥

𝒇(𝒙 + 𝒉) − 𝒇(𝒙)
𝒇𝑰 (𝒙) = 𝒍𝒊𝒎 ; 𝒇(𝒙 + 𝒉) = (𝑥 + ℎ)" + 4(𝑥 + ℎ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝑥 " + 4𝑥
𝒉→𝟎 𝒉
(𝑥 + ℎ)" + 4(𝑥 + ℎ) − (𝑥 " + 4𝑥)
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
'→( ℎ
(𝑥 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ ) + 4(𝑥 + ℎ) − (𝑥 " + 4𝑥)
" "
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
'→( ℎ
𝑥 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ + 4𝑥 + 4ℎ − 𝑥 " − 4𝑥
" "
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
'→( ℎ
"
2𝑥ℎ + ℎ + 4ℎ
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
'→( ℎ

Basic Calculus JGArquero

 ℎ(2𝑥 + ℎ + 4)
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
'→( ℎ
! (𝑥)
𝑓 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 2𝑥 + ℎ + 4
'→(
! (𝑥)
𝑓 = 2𝑥 + (0) + 4
𝑰 (𝒙)
𝒇 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒
The derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 " + 4𝑥 is 𝒇𝑰 (𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒.

"
3. Find the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = ) 𝑥 − 3

𝒇(𝒙 + 𝒉) − 𝒇(𝒙) 2 2
𝒇𝑰 (𝒙) = 𝒍𝒊𝒎 ; 𝒇(𝒙 + 𝒉) = (𝑥 + ℎ) − 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝑥 − 3
𝒉→𝟎 𝒉 3 3
2 2
(𝑥 + ℎ) − 3 − A 𝑥 − 3B
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 3 3
'→( ℎ
2 2 2
3 𝑥 + 3 ℎ − 3 − 3 𝑥 + 3
! (𝑥)
𝑓 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
'→( ℎ
2
ℎ
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 3
'→( ℎ
2
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
'→( 3
𝟐
𝒇𝑰 (𝒙) =
𝟑
" 𝟐
The derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = ) 𝑥 − 3 is 𝒇𝑰 (𝒙) = 𝟑

4. Find the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 " − 2

𝒇(𝒙 + 𝒉) − 𝒇(𝒙)
𝒇𝑰 (𝒙) = 𝒍𝒊𝒎 ; 𝒇(𝒙 + 𝒉) = 3(𝑥 + ℎ)" − 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝒇(𝒙) = 3𝑥 " − 2
𝒉→𝟎 𝒉
3(𝑥 + ℎ)" − 2 − (3𝑥 " − 2)
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
'→( ℎ
3(𝑥 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ" ) − 2 − (3𝑥 " − 2)
"
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
'→( ℎ
3𝑥 + 6𝑥ℎ + 3ℎ − 2 − 3𝑥 " + 2
" "
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
'→( ℎ
"
6𝑥ℎ + 3ℎ
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
'→( ℎ
ℎ(6𝑥 + 3ℎ)
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
'→( ℎ
! (𝑥)
𝑓 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 6𝑥 + 3ℎ
'→(
! (𝑥)
𝑓 = 6𝑥 + 3(0)
𝑰 (𝒙)
𝒇 = 𝟔𝒙
The derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 " − 2 is 𝒇𝑰 (𝒙) = 𝟔𝒙

5. Find the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 2

𝒇(𝒙 + 𝒉) − 𝒇(𝒙)
𝒇𝑰 (𝒙) = 𝒍𝒊𝒎 ; 𝒇(𝒙 + 𝒉) = √𝑥 + ℎ + 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝒇(𝒙) = √𝑥 + 2
𝒉→𝟎 𝒉
√𝑥 + ℎ + 2 − √𝑥 + 2
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
'→( ℎ
√𝑥 + ℎ + 2 − √𝑥 + 2 √𝑥 + ℎ + 2 + √𝑥 + 2
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 •
'→( ℎ √𝑥 + ℎ + 2 + √𝑥 + 2
Basic Calculus JGArquero
 G√𝑥 + ℎ + 2 − √𝑥 + 2HG√𝑥 + ℎ + 2 + √𝑥 + 2H
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
'→( ℎG√𝑥 + ℎ + 2 + √𝑥 + 2H
" "
G√𝑥 + ℎ + 2H − G√𝑥 + 2H
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
'→( ℎG√𝑥 + ℎ + 2 + √𝑥 + 2H
𝑥 + ℎ + 2 − (𝑥 + 2)
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
'→( ℎG√𝑥 + ℎ + 2 + √𝑥 + 2H
𝑥+ℎ+2−𝑥−2
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
'→( ℎG√𝑥 + ℎ + 2 + √𝑥 + 2H
ℎ
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
'→( ℎG√𝑥 + ℎ + 2 + √𝑥 + 2H
1
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑖𝑚
'→( √𝑥 + ℎ + 2 + √𝑥 + 2
1
𝑓 ! (𝑥) =
√𝑥 + 0 + 2 + √𝑥 + 2
1
𝑓 ! (𝑥) =
√ 𝑥 + 2 + √𝑥 + 2
1
𝑓 ! (𝑥) =
2√𝑥 + 2
1 2√𝑥 + 2 2√𝑥 + 2 2√𝑥 + 2 2√𝑥 + 2 √𝒙 + 𝟐 √𝒙 + 𝟐
𝑓 ! (𝑥) = • = = " = = =
2√𝑥 + 2 2√𝑥 + 2 +2√𝑥 + 2,+2√𝑥 + 2, 4+√𝑥 + 2, 4(𝑥 + 2) 𝟐(𝒙 + 𝟐) 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒

√𝒙+𝟐
The derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 2 is 𝒇𝑰 (𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙+𝟒

Assessment:
Find the derivatives.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 7𝑥 − 1

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 " − 4

)
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = " 𝑥 − 2

-
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = . !

5. 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 3

Basic Calculus JGArquero