 INTRODUCTION

- Hand tools is very indispensable for inspection. Maintenance, repair of aircraft

structures, and its system complexities, therefore as aircraft mechanics and
personnel working on aircraft, we must be familiar with tooling used in the
aviation industry and its correct usage and care. When we are working with
any tool used in aircraft we should always observe safety as our primary
consideration.

 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1. What are the different types of tools used in aviation?
2. What are the uses of different aircraft hand tools?

 OBJECTIVES
1. To be mindful regarding the different types of aircraft hand tools.
2. To emphasize the uses of aircraft hand tools.

 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

- This study covers only the different types of tools in aviation and its uses. The
research does not include the calibration of tools as well as the ground
equipment use in aviation.
 FUNCTIONS AND USES
 TYPES OF HAND TOOLS
 HAMMER
 PLIERS
 PUNCHES
 SAW
 SHEAR/SNIPS
 DRILL BIT
 SCREWDRIVER
 WRENCH

1. BALL PEEN HAMMER

- Ball-peen or ball-peen also known in Europe and North America as ball peen
hammer is a type of peening hammer used in metal working. It is
distinguished from a point-peen hammer or chisel-peen hammer by having a
hemispherical head.
2. CROSS AND STRAIGHT PEEN HAMMER
- Again, mainly used for shaping metal, the peen can be at right angles to
handle or parallel with it. The most useful domestically is the cross peen,
where the peen can be used for starting panel pins and tacks.

3. BODY HAMMER
- Body or planishing hammers are large smooth faces and are light weight. The
hammers are specifically used to remove small dents and too smooth and
stretch sheet metal.
4. RUBBER MALLET
- There are two types of mallets, soft-faced and hard plastic tipped. The
forming and shaping of a soft aluminum alloy is accomplished with soft-faced
mallets which, in early aviation, considered of a raw hide roll held in a clamp.

5. SLIP-JOINT PLIERS
- Slip-Joint Pliers are pliers whose pivot point or fulcrum can be moved to
increase the size range of their jaws.
-

6. INTERLOCKING JOINT PLIERS

- Interlocking joint pliers are commonly called water pump pliers because they
are often used to tighten the packing gland nut around a water pump shaft.
7. VISE-GRIP PLIERS
- Locking pliers, mole grips or vise-grips are pliers that can be locked into
position, using an over center action. One side of the handle includes a bolt
that is used to adjust the spacing of the jaws, the other side of the handle

8. DUCKBILL PLIERS
- A special type of pliers used in aviation is the duckbill pliers. These long
handled, flat-nose pliers are typically used to twist and help remove safety
wire.
9. NEEDLE NOSE PLIERS
- (also known as long-nose pliers, pinch-nose pliers, or snipe-nose pliers) are
both cutting and gripping pliers used by electricians and other tradesmen to
bend, re-position and cut wire.

10. SAFETY WIRE PLIERS

- Safety wire or lockwire is common in the aircraft and racing industries as an
extra precaution to keep vital fasteners from unintentionally loosening and
parts from falling off due to vibration or other forces.

11. LINEMAN’S PLIERS

- Cutting large conductors
- Forming loops on large conductors
- Pulling and holding large conductors
12. DIAGONAL PLIERS
- Cutting small conductors
- Cutting conductors in limited spaces

13. TINNER SNIPS

- Most basic type of snips. They are defined by their long handles and short
blades. They usually have extra wide jaws and are made of drop carbon
steel.
14. STRAIGHT CUT AVIATION SNIPS
- Compound action shears are known throughout the industry as aviation or
Dutchman snips. These shears have separated cutting edges and a leverage
multiplication that allows relatively thick sheet metal to be cut without
requiring excessive handle force.
- These snips are designed to make cuts which are straight or slightly curved,
towards either the left or the right.
- Straight cut aviation snips usually have a yellow color code.

15. LEFT CUT AVIATION SNIPS

- Left cut snips are most suited to cutting straight, and for curves towards the
user’s left. They should be able to cut tighter left curves than the straight cut
snips, because of the angle of the blades. These snips are designed for the
waste material to be on the left side as it cuts, this means that it should curl
the left piece of material up so can be moved out of the way.
- These snips will usually have a red color code.
16. RIGHT CUT AVIATION SNIPS
- Right snips are designed to cut straight and for tight arches towards the right.
So, for these snips the waste material will be coming off the right side, and
curling out of the way.
- Right cut snips are usually color coded green.

17. LONG CUT AVIATION SNIPS

- Long cut snips have longer blades than the standard straight snips. They are
effective at making long straight cuts and large diameter curves, either left or
right. Similar to straight cut snips, they are particularly good for notch cutting
on the edge of materials.
18. BULLDOG CUT AVIATION SNIPS
- These snips have much shorter blades which make them ideal for cutting out
notches, or working on trim. They’re called bulldog cut aviation snips because
they have a short ‘nose’, just like a bulldog.
- The shorter blade has slightly more leverage so the tool can cut through
seams and other thicker materials. They will cut straight or in short, shallow
curves.

19. UPRIGHT OR RIGHT ANGLE AVIATION SNIPS

- The blades of right angle aviation snips are set at a right angle to the handles,
so that they can be used for making cuts overhead, or in other awkward
places, which would be difficult to reach with other snips.
- The angling of the blades means that they do not have as much leverage as
other aviation snips, so they may only be suitable for lighter gauge metal,
unless they are longer.
- These will be available in right and left cut styles, and will usually have the
standard red and green color coded.
20. METAL SAW
- Metal Saw a fine tooth saw with a blade under tension in a frame used for
cutting materials such as metal or bone.

21. WOOD SAWS

- There are many types of wood saw. They will have larger teeth than
hacksaws, and there is typically a large ‘kerf’ to the teeth.

22. REVERSIBLE BLADE SCREWDRIVER

- The reversible blade screwdriver has a regular slotted blade on one end, and
a blade that fits a recessed-head screw on the other end.
23. INTERCHANGEABLE BLADE SCREWDRIVERS
- The interchangeable head screwdriver has a hollow magnetized shaft that
holds ¼ inches hex bits. These bits come in many types of sizes and typically
fit inside the hollow handle for the screwdriver for storage.

24. SLOT SCREWDRIVERS

- When inserting or removing slotted screw the screwdriver blade should fill at
least 75% of the screw slot width.

25. CROSS POINT SCREWDRIVERS

- The types of cross-point screwdrivers used in aviation maintenance are the
Philips and the Prince. These types look similar and care must be taken to
ensure use of the correct screw driver. The cross in Philips, screw head cut
with a double tape and the sides are not exactly parallel. Furthermore, the
Philips screwdriver has a relatively blunt pant that pits into a flat-bottomed
hole.
26. TRI-WING SCREWDRIVERS
- Is a type of screw and screw head It is sometimes called a triangular slotted
screw. It is used as a tamper-resistant screw on various products, typically
electronics.

27. POSIDRIV SCREWDRIVERS

- The posidriv (or supadriv) is a type of screw head and screwdriver, jointly
planted by the Philips Screw Company and American Screw Company. The
name is thought to be an abbreviation of positive drive.

28. TORX SCREWDRIVERS

- The torxscrewdrivers is used to remove and install torx-type screw which
have a six pointed slot.
29. STUBBY SCREWDRIVERS
- stubby screwdrivers are good I tight places. For example, a stubby
screwdriver is needed for loosening screws inside a glove box.

30. STARTING SCREWDRIVERS

- Starting screwdrivers hold the screws securely until started in its hold. They
prevent the screw from being dropped or lost.
 31. PRECISION SCREWDRIVERS
- Screwdriver in which the top of the handle can rotate, so as to support the palm
of the hand while two fingers control the rotation of the screw.
- Used primarily for work on small, intricate devices, a precision screwdriver is a
hand tool with a similar intended use as a standard screwdriver but possessing
a smaller form factor and a sleeker handle design.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF SCREWHEADS

*NOTE: THE RED LINES REPRESENT AS THE MOST COMMON SCREWHEADS IN AVIATION
32. OPEN END WRENCHES
- Also known as open-ended spanner. A one-piece wrench with a U-shaped
opening that grips two opposite faces of the bolt or nut.

33. BOX-END WRENCH

- Box-end wrenches or ring spanner: a one-piece wrench with an enclosed
opening that grips the faces of the bolt and nut.

34. COMBINATION WRENCH

- Combination wrench or combination spanner: a double-ended tool with one
end being like an open-end wrench or open-ended spanner, and the other
end being like box-end wrench or ring spanner. Both ends generally fit the
same size and bolt.
35. FLARE NUT WRENCH
- Flare nut wrenches, tube wrenches or line wrench: used for gripping the nuts
on the ends of tubes. It is similar to a box-end wrench but, instead of
encircling the nut completely, it has a narrow opening just wide enough to
allow the wrench to fit over the tube.

36. RATCHETING BOX END WRENCHES

- Ratcheting box-end Wrench: Is a type of ring spanner, or box wrench, whose
end section ratchets. Ratcheting can be reversed by flipping over the wrench,
or by activating a reversing lever on the wrench.
37. TORQUE WRENCHES
- Torque wrench is a tool used to precisely apply a specific torque to a fastener
such as a nut or bolt. It is usually in the form of a socket wrench with special
internal mechanism.

38. ALLEN WRENCHES

- are hexagonal (six sided) shaft type wrench. It is used to turn set screws on
pulleys, gears, and knobs. To prevent damage, make sure the Allen wrench
is fully inserted in the fastener before turning.
39. STANDARD SOCKETS
- Standard sockets are available in all of the popular drive sizes and with four-,
six-, eight-, or twelve- opening. These sockets are also deep enough to fit
over a bolt head or a nut if too much shank does not protrude.

40. DEEP SOCKET

- Deep sockets are better for specific jobs instead of general use. If you have
bolted joints, they make a much better option for your socket wrench than
shallow sockets.
41. FLEX SOCKETS
- When additional clearance is needed between socket drive and the socket, a
flex socket is used. Flex Sockets have a pivot point between the drive handle
end of the socket and the nut end.

42. CROWFOOT SOCKETS

- Nuts are sometimes placed in location on aircraft where neither a box-end,
nor open-end wrench, or standard socket wrench can be used. The Crowfoot
socket is designed to reach these nuts and is available with open-box, and
flare nut end.
43. RATCHET HANDLES
- Time is an expensive commodity in aviation maintenance and therefore, any
tool that decreases the time required for an inspection or repair is typically
used. One tool that can be save great deal of time is the ratchet handle.

44. RATCHERS ADAPTERS

- If a socket drive does not have any ratcheting ability, several adapters are
available to convert the ratchet into a reversible ratcheting wrench. Adapters
are available allow different size sockets and drive to fit together.
45. STRAIGHT BAR TYPE EXTENSION
- It is used nut sockets further away from the wrench handle. These extensions
are made of forged steel alloys and are available in lengths from less than
two inches up to 2 or 3 feet long.