Cisco “5G Ready” Transport

Waris Sagheer, Simon Spraggs, Dennis Hagarty 14-Nov-2018

GSX FY19 Welcome & Introduction

5G challenges for transport

Agenda A 5G transport ready infrastructure

Timing and synchronization

Summary

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Business Landscape
Mobile ARPU, Multiple Countries
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15 Source: EU Commission
10
5
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Consumer ARPUs are Declining or Flat B2B or B2B2x Market Has Future Growth

Emergence of
Low Latency Need for
better QOE and to Enable
New Applications
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5G challenges for transport

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 5G Key Use Case Categories

Increased Bandwidth
Enhanced Mobile Broadband (inc. Fixed Access)
and Capacity
• Extra capacity delivered through new 5G frequency bands
• Not too concerned with connection density or latency.

Slicing, Flexible deployment,

IoT/massive Machine Type Communications
NFV/Virtualisation
• Focused on low power wide area NB-IoT with high
connection density and energy efficiency

Push data plane to the edge,

Ultra-Reliable Low Latency
Intelligent in Network
• For mission critical use cases (self driving, Public safety, ...)
• Desired 1ms access time only refers to radio interface and
would be most useful in near field mission critical apps
Source: Recommendation ITU-R M.2083
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 5G Transport - Technology Evolutions

MEC/CUPS Network Slicing CRAN

Distributed workloads to the Ability to run multiple logical
edge of the network driven by networks as virtually
low latency applications, lower independent
transport costs, QOE Simultaneous support of strict
SLA & best effort traffic over
Any-to-any connectivity same infra
between distributed UPFs and
Dynamic and flexible slicing
with centralized UPF&CP
creation/modification
Introduction of RAN splits and
virtualization of RAN workloads
Low latency and high
throughput access networks
Distributed workloads to
different levels of the transport
network

Unified Network Fabric, Network Programmability & Automation, Strict QoS, Convergence
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5G Transport -Pre-Agg
RAN impacts
Aggregation
Transport
Edge
Design
Cell site
vUPF D-RAN
Nx, ~user b/w, msecs delays
BACKHAUL

RU/DU/CU

Nx, ~user b/w, msecs delays vUPF C-RAN

eCPRI v.high b/w, µsec delay
BACKHAUL
FRONTHAUL
RU DU/vCU

F1: ~user b/w, msecs delay Nx: user b/w, msecs delay vUPF C-RAN
BACKHAUL
MIDHAUL
RU/DU
vCU

eCPRI v.high b/w, µsec delay F1, Nx, b/w=user rates, msecs vUPF
C-RAN
delays BACKHAUL
MIDHAUL
RU
DU vCU FRONTHAUL

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5G ready transport architecture

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Cisco’s overall 5G transport proposition
Mobile Network Slice Use Cases
SMB Consumer Enterprise
Manager

Access control / Transport control / Mobile Core Control Big data / Controllers /
orchestration orchestration / orchestration automation Automation /
Telemetry /
Analytics
BGP-VPN L2/L3 + Overlay VPNs

Ω
Segment Routing

DC DC
CPEs
Pre- Telco/IT
Access Aggregation Aggregation Edge Core DC Domain
Dark Fiber / WDM Switched DWDM

Multi-service Up to x10 radios (500k n/w devices)

Flexible radio
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its affiliates. coreCisco
All rights reserved. / service
Public placement x4 – x100 bandwidth than 4G
End2end packet infrastructure Multi-Access Edge Compute
 Physical Network Evolution
Peering

Access Pre-Agg Aggregation Edge Core

Today GW
10-100Gbps
1-10Gbps
200K n/w devices
Optical Cut-through
>100Gbps
Multi-degree ROADM

Peering

Access Pre-Agg Aggregation Core

Future
10-100Gbps >100Gbps >400Gbps >400Gbps

Passive or Multi-degree
dark fibre ROADMs

• MEC demands IP switching capabilities where ever there is DC

• Traffic demands are lambda level and above

• MEC creates discrete optical domains, reduces optical drive distances and simplifies optical infrastructure
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• Open ROADM, pluggable DWDM optics driving new round of IP optical integration
Logical Network Evolution: Todays Service Creation
Limited Cross-domain Automation

Legacy Central Office

Metro Network Domain Core Network Domain Data Center Domain

L2VPN L3VPN VXLAN VNF VNF

Aggregation

Ethernet MPLS IP
Access
Centralized Delivery
of Services
HW Appliances

E2E service provisioning is lengthy and complex:

 Multiple network domains under different management teams
 Manual operations
 Heterogeneous Underlay and Overlay networks

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Logical Network Evolution:5G Infrastructure
SR
NSO PCE WAE XW

Metro Network Domain Core Network Domain Metro Network Domain

EVPN L2 & L3 VPN

Segment Routing

EPN 4.0 EPN 5.0 Metro Fabric

L2/L3VPN Services LDP BGP LDP BGP BGP

Inter-Domain CP BGP-LU BGP-LU

FRR or TE RSVP
IGP with SR
LDP IGP with SR
Intra-Domain CP
IGP

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5G Transport: Why Segment Routing
Network Resiliency
TI-LFA and automated 50ms protection

Network Simplification End to End path control

Eliminate LDP, RSVP and other protocols Shortest Path
Stateless core devices Flex-algo
Multi—domain TE
SR-PCE + Distributed CP

Simplified Service Creation Service Aware underlay

Concurrent support for network and Traffic Steering
overlay VPNs Automated Traffic Steering

Scalability
OAM and performance management Multidomain architecture
Underlay and service monitoring On-Demand Nexthop (ODN)
Real time adjustments based on PM Stateless within core
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Standards Based
No vendor lock-in
 1 2
SR: Engineering the Underlay 0 4 3
9
5 6
1 2 8 7
• Flex-Algorithm 4 3 Alg0
0
Builds domain level forwarding tables 1 2
5 6 9 4 3
0
IGP distributes multiple metrics / affinities 8 7 Alg128 9
Multi-algorithms operational in network 0
5 6 9
SPF, Low Latency, constrained nodes / links (customer chooses) 8 7
TiLFA per algorithm Alg129

• SR Policies (or SR-TE) 2 4 6

Builds paths between nodes 1, green, 7
Path computation based multiple constraints (b/w, latency, affinity) 7
1
Calculated by head-ends or an SR-PCE
Multi-domain / disjoint paths require SR-PCE
3 5
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Example Green: Low latency, Red: IGP path

 Segment Routing – Service Aware Traffic Steering
• Traffic Steering Destination based RR
10.10.10.0/24 NH=7 color=GREEN
Mechanism on source router to steer traffic 20.20.20.0/24 NH=7

By default traffic uses IGP path 2 4 6

Can steer traffic into a SR policy or specific Flex-algos 1, green, 7
Delay optimized 10.10.10.0/24 (low delay)
Traffic for 10.10.10.0/24
Destination TS : destination only 10.10.10.1 – NH 7 7
and
1
Flow based TS : destination + QoS criteria 20.20.20.1 - NH 7 20.20.20.0/24 (standard)
20.20.20.0/24
IGP

3 5

• Automated Traffic Steering

Hints on SR policy conveyed in overlay route updates
Flow based
Significantly reduces configuration
2 4 6
Uses BGP color extended community (RFC 5512) 1, green, 7
Delay optimized
10.10.10.0/24 FC1 10.10.10.0/24
Traffic for
10.10.10.1 1 7 EF= Low delay
Everything else IGP
20.20.20.0/24 FC0
Ingress classification
DSCP = EF  FC = 1 Green IGP
DSCP = AFxx  FC= 0  IGP
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3 5
SR Path Computation Element (SR-PCE)
SRTE Head-End APP APP APP
Distributed Mode – SR-TE Head-End
Visibility is limited to its own IGP domain

Single / Native SR
Multi-Domain
REST API algorithms
Topology
Solution
Multi-Domain SRTE Visibility Topo
Compute
Centralized SR-PCE for Multi-Domain Topology view DB
SR-PCE runs on
virtual or physical
Integration with Applications IOS-XR node
North-bound APIs for topology/deployment Collect Deploy
Delivers across the unified SR Fabric the SLA requested by PCEP
IGP
the service BGP-LS
BGP
Benefits
Simplicity and Automation Access Metro Core Metro Data Center
End-to-End network topology awareness
SLA-aware path computation across network domains 1 2 3 4
Disjoint paths Aggregation

Multi-domain
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and/or its affiliates. All rights computation and ODN
reserved. Cisco Public
 Is Diffserv QoS “Good Enough” for 5G
• Yes, as a transport QoS strategy!
Slice b/w / class protection through ingress conditioning and marking
Class separation and protection with core scheduling
Bandwidth reuse
QoS aware capacity planning

• FOR LOW LATENCY SERVICES THE OVERALL DESIGN NEEDS CONSIDERATION

Network delay = propagation delay + switching delay + scheduling delay + serialization delay
• Proximity of gateway functions to users
Reduce propagation delay and OEO delays
• Proximity of applications to users
Reduce propagation delay and OEO delays
• Serialization delay is a consideration for fronthaul applications (TSN)
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 Service Infrastructure
Service
config

• Network based VPNs BGP RR

SR-PCE
• 5G based VPNs

CE CE

SD-WAN
controller

• Overlay / SDN-WAN based VPNs

SR-PCE
SR-PCE

• Enterprise services
• Inter-DC communications
CE CE

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Transport level 5G slicing

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 Central DC
Example: 5G backhaul dataplane slice 3GPP control
servers

e/gNB 3GPP control Plane

L3 VPN
e/gNB MPLS/SR UNDERLAY AF
Backhaul (N3)
e/gNB
E-LAN or L3 VPN
Internet VPN

Peering
Enterprise
VPNs
UPF PE
Far Edge DC Edge DC Regional DC

Access Pre-Agg Aggregation Core

Edge
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Slicing in the Underlay Based on SLA Requirements
Slice 2

Slice 1

• Small number of slice planes defined in underlay (across domains)

5G mobility slices (eMBB, URLLC, mIOT, signalling, etc.)
Major Service Type (Wholesale, MVNO, Enterprise, Content, etc.)
• Diffserv QoS enabled network
• Each Slice plane characterized by
Optimization + constraint objective : latency, bandwidth, reliability,
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• Based on a flex-algorithm (SPF included) or pt-2-pt SR policies

 Mapping Customers to Underlay Slice Planes
Slice 2

Slice 1

• L2/L3 VPNs used for customer and service separation

• Potentially large numbers
• Traffic classified and controlled on ingress
• Automated Steering place VPN traffic into correct underlay slice plane
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Timing and Synchronization

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Timing and Synch – New Phase Requirements
• 5G (like modern LTE-A networks) requires phase synchronization
• New 5G TDD radios definitely require it:
 3GPP: 3µs between base stations (for TDD, LTE-A radio co-ordination)
 Radio backhaul network: ±1.5µs from reference time

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 Timing and Synch – Fronthaul
• 5G is also re-engineering the Fronthaul network towards Cloud RAN:
• CPRI to packet-based Fronthaul/Midhaul impacts timing
• Much tighter requirements for phase alignment budget
Mobile Mobile Mobile
Core Core Core

WAN/
Backhaul WAN/ WAN/
Backhaul Backhaul
Distributed Centralized Cloud
Centralized
RAN RAN vBBU
RAN CU Unit

Midhaul
CPRI
Distributed
DU DU
Backhaul Fronthaul Unit

Fronthaul

eNB eNB eNB eNB RU RU RU RU RU RU RU RU

eNB eNB RU RU RU RU
RU: Remote RU: Remote RU: Remote
Unit Unit Unit
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 Timing and Synch – Solutions

Include GNSS receivers inside

GNSS (GPS, Galileo) Receivers
routers where appropriate
• Effective solution where site conditions allow (Sky view, $$)
• Susceptible to jamming (and increasingly spoofing)
• Time source for cell sites, PTP GM’s and monitoring equipment
Routers as high performance
PTP/1588 and SyncE in Transport Network T-BC boundary clocks with Class
B/C G.8273.2 performance
• Great solution: G.8275.1 with “on path support” for PTP
• Needs good network design in combination with SyncE
• End-to-end timing “budget” with accurate boundary clocks
Flexibility in the design of the
All of the Above equipment allows them to be
used in any situation
• PTP/SyncE as a backup to GNSS receiver outages
• GNSS where it’s cost effective, PTP everywhere else

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Galileo photo © GSA
Timing and Synch – PTP Profiles for Phase
• There are various profiles available for use
• Most operators looking at G.8275.1 – the best timing solution
• Supported across ASR900, ASR920, NCS500, NCS5500, ASR9K range

PTP aware
backhaul network
Ethernet Multicast T- T-
TSC T-BC T-BC T-BC T-BC GM
PTP with full on-path timing support, G.8275.1 Telecom Profile

PTP unaware PTP unaware

IPv4 Unicast T- T-
TSC-P GM
IPv6 optional “G.8265.1 like” T- “G.8265.1 like”
BC-P

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PTP with partial timing support, G.8275.2 Telecom Profile
Summary

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Summary
• 5G brings new requirements and challenges to transport network
• Cost and simplicity is critical
• Outlined Cisco approach to 5G transport networking
• Streamlining network structure and packet optical integration
• Segment Routing for engineering and simplifying the underlay
• Concurrent support for BGP based VPNs and SD-WAN solutions
• Timing and synchronization is a vital component of the radio network
• Operators are investing in 5G-ready networks now!!
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 The End
Need more information??
Cisco’s SP Mobility Page: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/service-provider/mobile-internet/index.html
5G xHaul White Paper:
https://www.cisco.com/c/m/en_us/network-intelligence/service-
provider/digital-transformation/converged-5g-xhaul-transport.html
Compass "Metro Fabric Design” https://xrdocs.io/design/
EPN5.0 & EPN4.0: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/enterprise/design-zone-service-provider/programmable-network.html
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