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4.baseband Pulse Transmission II
4.baseband Pulse Transmission II
Technology
Hanoi, 2017
Khoa Điện tử - Viễn thông Digital Communications and Coding
Trường Đại học Công nghệ, ĐHQGHN Truyền thông số và mã hóa
Content
1. Correlative-Level Coding
3. Zero-Forcing Equalization
5. Line codes
Delay
Tb
Filter HI(f)
Delay
V 5 -1 0 2 0 -1
wN-2
Tb
𝑁−1
X 𝑡
= 𝑤𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐 −𝑛
𝑇𝑏
𝑛=0
wN-1
Figure: Generalized correlative coding scheme
𝜋 𝜋2 2
𝐺 𝑡 = exp − 2 𝑡
𝛼 𝛼
+
Output,
peq(t)
Figure: A transversal filter implementation for equalization of ISI
1 1
peq(n)
pc(n)
0.5 0.5
0 0
-0.5 -0.5
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
n n
Binary
0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 𝑇 = 𝑇𝑏 log 2 𝑀
data
Dibit Amplitude
+3
00 -3
+1 01 -1
Amplitude
t 11 +1
-1 10 +3
-3
T = 2Tb
0
Tb
(a)
(a) Unipolar NRZ A
(b) Polar NRZ
0
(c) Bipolar NRZ
(d) Manchester -A
(b)
A
(c)
-A
(d)
A
-A
(e) T….
𝑅 𝑘 = 𝐸 𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛+𝑘
2
𝑁 𝑁 𝑁
1 2 −𝑗𝜔𝑛𝑇𝑏 2
1
𝑆𝑠 𝑓 = lim 𝐺 𝑓 𝐸 𝑎𝑛 𝑒 = 𝐺 𝑓 lim 𝐸 𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑚 𝑒 −𝑗 𝑚−𝑛 𝜔𝑇𝑏
𝑇→∞ 𝑇 𝑇→∞ 𝑇
𝑛=−𝑁 𝑛=−𝑁 𝑛=−𝑁
2 𝑘=𝑁−𝑛 2 𝑘=∞
𝐺 𝑓 2𝑁 + 1 𝐺 𝑓
𝑆𝑠 𝑓 = lim 𝑅 𝑘 𝑒 𝑗𝑘𝜔𝑇𝑏 = 𝑅 𝑘 𝑒 𝑗𝑘𝜔𝑇𝑏
𝑇𝑏 𝑇→∞ 2𝑁 + 1 𝑇𝑏
𝑘=−𝑁−𝑛 𝑘=−∞
For unipolar 4
𝐴2 0 0 0 𝐴2
𝑅 𝑘 = 𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛+𝑘 𝑖 𝑝𝑖 = + + + = for 𝑘 >0
4 4 4 4 4
𝑖=1
2 ∞ ∞
𝐴𝑇𝑏 sinc 𝑓𝑇𝑏 1 1 𝐴2 𝑇𝑏
𝐴2 2 for 𝑘 = 0 𝑆𝑠 𝑓 = + 𝑒 𝑗2𝜋𝑘𝑓𝑇𝑏 = sinc 2 𝑓𝑇𝑏 1+ 𝑒 𝑗2𝜋𝑘𝑓𝑇𝑏
𝑅 𝑘 = 2 𝑇𝑏 4 4 4
𝐴 2 for 𝑘 ≠ 0 𝑘=−∞ 𝑘=−∞
∞ ∞
1 𝑛 𝐴2 𝑇𝑏 𝛿 𝑓
𝑒 𝑗2𝜋𝑘𝑓𝑇𝑏 = 𝛿 𝑓− 𝑆𝑠 𝑓 = sinc 2 𝑓𝑇𝑏 1+
𝑇𝑏 𝑇𝑏 4 𝑇𝑏
𝑘=−∞ 𝑛=−∞
To ensure the Nyquist spectrum, the general level code is to extend the
signal waveforms several times over the Tb cycle
Gaussian filters are another way of performing anti-ISI though it can not
achieve zero ISI. The pulses after the Gaussian filter smooth decreases
depending on the coefficient α