BAB 8 RANGKA BATANG

8. 1 METODE TITIK BUHUL

8.1.1 Hitung gaya-gaya batang pada struktur rangka kuda-kuda.
RA = RB = 500 + 1000 + 0,5. 1000 = 2000 kg
8
1000 Titik buhul A :
2 2 2 2
S1 ΣV = 0 → 2000 – 500 + S1sin 300 = 0
S1 sin α
1000 S1sin α S1 0,5 S1 = - 1500
D 500 S1 = - 3000 kg (tekan)
1000 2 3 1000 500 S
α S55
C 7 E 200
2000
1 8 9 4 500
500 S1 cos α
300 5 6 300 ΣH = 0 → S5 – S1 cos 300 = 0
A
F RB S1 S5 = 3000. 0,866 = 2598 kg (Tarik)
RA
α S5

66
Titik buhul C :
8 1000
Y’ ΣY’ = 0 → 1000 cos 30o + S8 cos 30o = 0
1000. 0,866 + 0,866 S8 = 0
1000
S2 0,866 S8 = - 866 → S8 = - 1000 kg (tekan)
α

C 1000 cos α

S1 α
X’

S8
1000 sin α S8 cos α
Y’
S2
α S1 + S2 – 1000 sin 30o – S8 sin 300 = 0
3000 + S2 - 1000. 0,5 – 1000. 0,5 = 0
S1
S8 S2 + 3000 – 500 – 500 = 0 → S2 = - 2000 kg (tekan)
X’ α

S8 sin α 67
 Titik buhul D :
ΣV = 0 → S2 = S3 = 2000 kg
1000
1000 + S7 – S2 sin 30o – S3 sin 30o = 0
S2 sin α D S3 sin α
α S7 + 1000 – 2000. 0,5 – 2000. 0,5 = 0
α
S7 + 1000 – 1000 – 1000 = 0 → S7 = 1000 kg (tarik)
S2
S3
S7
Batang S Gaya (kg)
AC = BE S1 = S4 3000 (-)
CD = ED S2 = S3 2000 (-)
AF = BF S3 = S6 2598 (+)
FC = FE S8 = S9 1000 (-)
FD S7 1000 (+)

68
8.1.2 Hitung gaya-gaya batang pada struktur rangka kuda-kuda.
α = 30o
6
1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 RA = RB = 500 + 1000 + 0,5. 1000 + 0,5. 250 = 2125 kg
1000
D Titik buhul A :
1000 2 3 1000
7
S1 ΣV = 0 → 2125 + S1 sin 30o – 500 = 0
500 1 C 8 9 E 4 500 S1 sin α
A α 5 F 6 α B 0,5 S1 + 1625 = 0 → S1 = - 3250 kg (tekan)
RA 250 RB 500
S1 cos α A α S5

S1 2125

α ΣH = 0 → S5 – S1 cos 30o = 0 → S5 – 3250. 0,866 = 0

A S5
S5 = 2815 kg (tarik)

69
 Titik buhul C :
→ 1000
Y’ ΣY’ = 0 → 1000 cos 30o + S8 cos 30o = 0
S2 1000. 0,866 + 0,866 S8 = 0 → 0,866 S8 = - 866
S8 = - 1000 (tekan)
α
1000 cos α
C Y’ 1000
S1 ΣX’ = 0 → S1 + S2 – 1000 sin 30o – S8
α
X’ 1000 sin α S2 sin 30o = 0
α 3000 + S2 – 1000. 0,5 – 1000. 0,5 = 0
S2 + 3000 – 500 – 500 = 0
S8 C S2 = - 2000 kg (tekan)
S8 cos α S1 α S8
X’

S8 sin α

70
 Titik buhul D :
1000
S2 = S3 = - 2000 kg (tekan)
S2 sin α D S3 sin α
ΣV = 0 → S7 + 1000 – S2 sin 30o – S3 sin 30o = 0
α α
S7 + 1000 – 2000. 0,5 – 2000. 0,5 = 0
S7 + 1000 – 1000 – 1000 = 0
S7 = 1000 kg (tarik)
S2 S3
S7

Batang S Gaya (kg)

AC = BE S1 = S4 - 3000
CD = ED S2 = S3 - 2000
AF = BF S5 = S6 2598
FC = FE S8 = S9 - 1000
FD S7 1000

71
 8.1.2 Hitung gaya-gaya batang pada struktur rangka kuda-kuda.
6
1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 RA = RB = 500 + 1000 + 0,5. 1000 + 0,5. 250
= 500 + 1000 + 500 + 125 = 2125 kg
1000
α = 30o
D Titik buhul A :
1000 2 3 1000
7 S1 sin α S1
500 1 C 8 9 E 4 500 ΣV = 0 → 2125 – 500 + S1 sin 30o = 0
A 5 6 B 0,5 S1 + 1625 = 0
F 500
RA 250 RB S1 = - 3250 kg (tekan)
α
A S5
2125
S1 cos α
ΣH = 0 → S5 – S1 cos 30o = 0
S1 S5 = 3250. 0,866 = 2815 kg (tarik)
α
A S5

72
 Titik buhul C :
1000
Y’ ΣY’ = 0 → 1000 cos 30o + S8 cos 30o = 0
1000. 0,866 + 0,866 S8 = 0
S2 0,866 S8 = - 866 → S8 = - 1000 kg (tekan)
α

C 1000 cos α

S1 α
X’

S8
1000 sin α S8 cos α
Y’
S2
α S1 + S2 – 1000 sin 30o – S8 sin 300 = 0
3000 + S2 - 1000. 0,5 – 1000. 0,5 = 0
S1
S2 + 3000 – 500 – 500 = 0 → S2 = - 2000 kg (tekan)
X’ α S8

73
S8 sin α
 Titik buhul D :
1000
S2 = S3 = - 2000 kg (tekan)
S2 sin α D S3 sin α
ΣV = 0 → S7 + 1000 – S2 sin 30o – S3 sin 30o = 0
α α
S7 + 1000 – 2000. 0,5 – 2000. 0,5 = 0
S7 + 1000 – 1000 – 1000 = 0
S7 = 1000 kg (tarik)
S2 S3
S7

Batang S Gaya (kg)

AC = BE S1 = S4 - 3250
CD = ED S2 = S3 - 2000
AF = BF S5 = S6 2815
FC = FE S8 = S9 - 1000
FD S7 1000

74
 8.1.3 Hitung gaya-gaya batang pada struktur rangka kuda-kuda.
6 α = 30o
1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5
RA = RB = 400 + 800 + 0,5. 800 = 1600 kg
800
G S1
2 3 800 S1 sin α Titik buhul A :
800
F 11 H ΣV = 0 → 1600 – 400 + S1 sin 30o = 0
12 400
400 1
9
10
13
4 400 0,5 S1 + 1200 = 0
α α α
A 5 6 7 8 B A S5 S1 = - 2400 kg (tekan)
C D E 1600
RA RB

S1 cos 30o
ΣH = 0 → S5 –S1 cos 30o = 0
S1 S5 – 2400. 0,866 = 0
S5 = 2078 kg (tarik)
A α
S5

75
Titik buhul C :
S9
ΣH = 0 → S5 – S6 = 0
S5 = S6 = 2078 kg (tarik)

S5 S6 ΣV = 0 → S9 = 0
C

Titik buhul F :
ΣY’ = 0 → S10 cos 30o + 800 cos 30o = 0
800 S10 . 0,866 + 800. 0,866 = 0
Y’
0,866 S10 = - 693
S2
α S10 = - 800 kg (tekan)
800 cos α
S1 F
X’ α

S10
S10 cos α
76
 Y’ 800

800 sin α ΣX’ = 0 → S1 + S2 - 800 sin 30o – S10 sin 30o = 0

S2
α 2400 + S2 – 800. 0,5 – 800. 0,5 = 0
S2 + 2400 – 400 – 400 = 0 → S2 + 1600 = 0
F S2 = - 1600 kg (tekan)
S1
α S10
X’

S10 sin α

77
 Titik buhul G :
800 ΣV = 0 → S2 = S3 = 1600 kg
S3 sin 30o S11 + 800 – S2 sin 30o – S3 sin 30o = 0
S2 sin 30o G S11 + 800 – 1600. 0,5 – 1600. 0,5 = 0 → S11 + 800 – 800 – 800 = 0
α α
S11 = 800 kg (tarik)

S2 S3 Batang S Gaya (kg)

S11
AF = BH S1 = S4 - 2400
FG = HG S2 = S3 - 1600
AC = BE S5 = S8 2078
CD = ED S6 = S7 2078
CF = EH S9 = S12 0
DF = DH S10 = S12 - 1000
DG S11 800

78
 8.1.4 Hitung gaya-gaya batang pada struktur rangka kuda-kuda.
6
1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 RA = RB = 400 + 800 + 0,5. 800 + 100 + 0,5. 100 = 1750 kg
Α = 30o
800
D Titik buhul A : S1 ΣV = 0 → 1750 + S1 sin 30o – 400 = 0
800 2 3 800 S1 sin α
0,5 S1 + 1750 – 400 = 0
C 11 E 0,5 S1 = - 1350
1 10 12 4 400 400
400 9 S1 = - 2700 kg (tekan)
α 5 F 6 G 7 H 8 α α
A B A S5

RA 100 100 100 RB 1750

S1 cos 30o
ΣH = 0 → S5 – S1 cos 30o = 0 → S5 = 2700. 0,866
S1 S5 = 2338 kg (tarik)

α
A S5

79
 S9
Titik buhul F :
ΣV = 0 → S9 – 100 = 0 → S9 = 100 kg (tarik)

S5 F S6 ΣH = 0 → S6 – S5 = 0 → S6 – 2338 = 0 → S6 = 2338 kg (tarik)

100

Y’ 800
Titik buhul C :
S2 ΣY’ = 0 → 800 cos 30o + S9 cos 30o + S10 cos 30o = 0
α 800. 0,866 + 100. 0,866 + S10 0,866 = 0
0,866 S10 + 693 + 87 = 0 → 0,866 S10 = - 780
C 800 cos α S10 = - 901 kg (tekan)
S1
α
X’
S9 cos α
S10
S10 cos α
80
S9
 800
ΣX’ = 0 → S1 + S2 – 800 sin 30o – S9 sin 30o – S10 sin 30o = 0
800 sin α S2 2700 + S2 – 800. 0,5 – 100. 0,5 – 901. 0,5 = 0
α
S2 + 2700 – 400 – 50 – 450 = 0
C S2 = - 1800 kg (tekan)
S9 sin α
α
X’ S
1
S10

S10 sin α

S9
800 Titik buhul D :
S2 sin 30o S3 sin 30o ΣV = 0 → S11 + 800 – S2 sin 30o – S3 sin 30o = 0
D
α α S11 + 800 – 1800. 0,5 – 1800. 0,5 = 0
S11 + 800 – 900 – 900 = 0
S11 = 1000 kg (tarik)
S2 S3
S11
81
Batang S Gaya
(kg)

AC = BE S 1 = S4 - 2700
CD = ED S2 = S3 - 1800
AF = BH S5 = S8 2338
FG = HG S6 = S7 2338
FC = HE S9 = S13 100
CG = EG S10 = S12 - 901
DG S11 1000

82
8.1.5 Hitung gaya-gaya batang pada struktur rangka kuda-kuda.
12
3 3 3 3 α = 45o
RA = RB = 1000 + 0,5. 1000 = 1500 kg
D

2 3 S1 sin α S1 Titik buhul A :

ΣV = 0 → S1 sin 45o + 1500 = 0
C 11 E
S1. 0,707 = - 1500
1 10 12 4 S1 = - 2122 kg (tekan)
9 13 α
α 5 G A S5
A F 6 7 H 8 α B

1000 1000 1000 1500

RA RB
S1 cos α
ΣH = 0 → S5 – S1cos 45o = 0
S1 S5 – 2122. 0,707 = 0 → S5 -1500 = 0
S5 = 1500 kg (tarik)
α
A S5
83
 Titik buhul F :
S9 ΣH = 0 → S6 – S5 = 0 → S6 – 1500 = 0 → S6 = 1500 kg (tarik)

ΣV = 0 → S9 – 1000 = 0 → S9 = 1000 kg (tarik)

S5 F S6

1000

S2
Titik buhul C :
Y’ ΣY’ = 0 → S9 cos 45o + S10 = 0
1000. 0,707 + S10 = 0 → S10 = - 707 kg (tekan)
C
S1 α
S9 cos α

S10

S9
84
 S2
ΣX’ = 0 → S1 + S2 – S9 cos 45o = 0
2122 + S2 – 1000. 0,707 = 0 → S2 + 2122 – 707 = 0
S2 = - 1415 kg (tekan)
C
S9 cos 45o α

S1 S10
X’

S9

S2 sin 45o D S3 sin 45o Titik buhul D :

α α ΣV = 0 → S11 – S2 sin 45o – S3 sin 45o = 0
S11 – 1415. 0,707 – 1415. 0,707 = 0
S2 S3 S11 = 2000 kg (tarik)

S11
85
Batang S Gaya (kg)
AC = BE S1 = S4 - 2122
CD = ED S2 = S3 - 1415
AF = BH S5 = S8 1500
FG = HG S6 = S7 1500
CF = HE S9 = S13 1000
CG = EG S10 = S12 - 707
DG S11 2000

86
 8.1.6 Hitung gaya-gaya batang pada struktur kuda-kuda.

9
1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5
1,5
1000 α = 30o
E RA = RB = 500 + 2. 1000 + 0,5. 1000
1000 3 4 1000 = 3000 kg
D F
1000 2 17 5 1000
C 16 18 19 G
15
500 1 14 20 6 500
13 21
α 7 8 9 10 11 12 α B
A
H I J K L
RA RB

Titik buhul A : S1 sin α S1

ΣV = 0 → 3000 – 500 + S1 sin 30o = 0
S1. 0,5 + 2500 = 0
500
S1 = - 5000 kg (tekan)
A α S7
3000 87
S1 cos α
ΣH = 0 → S7 – S1 cos 30o = 0 → S7 – 5000. 0,866 = 0
S7 = 4330 kg (tarik)
S1

A α
S7

S13
Titik buhul H :
ΣH = 0 → S7 – S8 = 0
4330 – S8 = 0 → S8 = 4330 kg (tarik)
S7 S8
H ΣV = 0 → S13 = 0

88
 Y’ 1000 Titik buhul C :
ΣY’ = 0 → 1000 cos 30o + S13 cos 30o + S14 cos 30o = 0
S2 1000. 0,866 + S14. 0,866 = 0
α 866 + 0,866 S14 = 0 →S14 = - 1000 kg (tekan)

C 1000 cos α
S1
α Y’ 1000
X’
S13 cos α 1000 sin 30o S2
S14 α
S14 cos α
C
S13 S1 α
X’

ΣX’ = 0 → S1 + S2 – 1000. 0,5 – S14 sin 30o = 0 S14

5000 + S2 – 500 – 1000. 0,5 = 0
S2 + 4500 – 500 = 0 → S2 = - 4000 kg (tekan) S14 sin 30o
S13 89
 S15
Titik buhul I :
S14 ΣV = 0 → S15 – S14 sin 30o = 0
S15 – 1000. 0,5 = 0 → S15 = 500 kg (tarik)

α
S8 S9
S14 sin α I

S15
S14 ΣH = 0 → S8 – S9 – S14 cos 30o = 0
S14 cos α 4330 – S9 – 1000. 0,866 = 0
α 4330 – S9 – 866 = 0
S9 = 3464 kg (tarik)

S8 S9
I

90
 Y’ 1000
Titik buhul D : α = 30o ; β = 15o
α ΣY’ = 0 → 1000 cos 30o + S15 cos 30o + S16 cos 15o = 0
S3 1000. 0,866 + 500. 0,866 + S16 . 0,962 = 0
1000 cos α 0,962 S16 + 866 + 433 = 0 → 0,962 S16 + 1299 = 0
D
S16 = - 1350 kg (tekan)
S2
α β
X’
Y’ 1000
S16 cos β S16
S15 cos α 1000 sin α

α S3
S15
D
S15 sin α
β S16
ΣX’ = 0 → S2 + S3 – 1000 sin 30o – S15 sin 30o – S16 sin 15o = 0 S2
S3 + 4000 – 1000. 0,5 – 500. 0,5 – 1345. 0,259 = 0 X’ α
S3 + 4000 – 500 – 250 – 348 = 0
S3 = - 2902 kg (tekan)
S16 sin β
91
S15
 Batang S Gaya (kg)
AL = BF S1 = S6 - 5000
Titik buhul E : 1000 LC = FE S2 = S5 - 4000
S3 sin α E S4 sin α CD = ED S3 = S4 - 2902
α α AG = BK S7 = S12 4330
GH = KJ S8 = S11 4330
S3 S4 HI = JI S9 = S10 3464
GL = KF S13 = S21 0
S17 HC = JE S15 = S19 500

ΣV = 0 → 1000 + S17 - S3 sin 30o – S4 sin 30o = 0 ID S17 1902

1000 + S17 – 2902. 0,5 – 2902. 0,5 = 0 HB = JF S14 = S20 - 1000
S17 + 1000 – 1451 – 1451 = 0 IC = IE S16 = S18 - 1345
S17 = 1902 kg (tarik)

92
8.1.7 Hitung gaya-gaya batang dari gambar dibawah ini.

8 α= 45o
2 2 2 2
RA = RB = 0,5. 2000 = 1000 kg
C D
2
Titik buhul A:
2 1 6 7 3
ΣV = 0 → RA + S1 sin 45o = 0
α α E α 5 α B S1. 0,707 + 1000 = 0
A 4
S1 = - 1414 kg (tekan)
RA 2000 RB

S1 cos α
S1 S1
ΣH = 0 → S4 – S1 cos 45o = 0
S1 sin α
S4 – 1414. 0,707 = 0
S4 = 1000 kg (tarik)

A α S4 A S4
RA
93
 S1 sin α C S2 Titik buhul C :
α α ΣV = 0 → S1 sin 45o – S6 cos 45o = 0
α 1414. 0,707 – S6. 0,707 = 0 → 0,707 S6 = 1000
S6 = 1414 kg (tarik)
S1
S6
S6 cos α
ΣH = 0 → S2 + S6 cos 45o + S1 cos 45o = 0
S2 + 1414. 0,707 + 1414. 0,707 = 0
S2 + 1000 + 1000 = 0
C S6 cos α S2
α S2 = - 2000 kg (tekan)

Batang S Gaya (kg)

α AC = BD S1 = S3 - 1414
S1 S6
S1 cos α
CD S2 - 2000
AE = BE S4 = S5 1000
CE = DE S6 = S7 1414
94
8.1.8 Hitung gaya-gaya batang dari gambar dibawah ini
8 α = 45o
2 2 2 2
1000 1000
RA = RB = 1000 + 0,5. 2000 = 2000 kg
C D
2 Titik buhul A :
1 6 7 3 ΣV = 0 → RA + S1 sin 45o = 0
2
2000 + S1. 0,707 = 0 → 0,707 S1 = 2000
A α 4 α E α 5 α B S1 = - 2829 kg (tekan)

RA 2000 RB

S1 ΣH = 0 → S4 – S1 cos 45o = 0
S1 S1 cos α
S1 sin α S4 – 2829. 0,707 = 0
S4 = 2000 kg (tarik)

α α
A S4 A S4
RA

95
 1000
Titik buhul C :
S1 sin α C S2 ΣV = 0 → S6 cos 45o + 1000 – S1 sin 45o = 0
α 0,707 S6 + 1000 – 2829. 0,707 = 0 → 0,707 S6 + 1000 – 2000 = 0
0,707 S6 = 1000 → S6 = 1414 kg (tarik)

α S6
S1
S6 cos α
ΣH = 0 → S2 + S6 cos 45o + S1 cos 45o = 0
S2 + 1414. 0,707 + 2829. 0,707 = 0
1000 S2 + 1002 + 2000 = 0 → S2 = - 3002 kg (tekan)
S6 cos α
C S2
α
Batang S Gaya (kg)
AC = BD S1 = S3 -2829
α S6 CD S2 -3002
S1 cos α AE = BE S4 = S5 2000
S1
CE = DE S6 = S7 1414

96
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