ACCESS & CO

Subcategory

Rural Access (RAC)

Urban Access (UAC)

National and Regional Connectivity (NRC)

Access and Connectivity General (ACG)

Data on India is forthcoming.

 ACCESS & CONNECTIVITY
Primary Data/Indicator ATO CODE Scope

Rural Access Index ACC-RAC-001 Rural

Travel time to cities by Population ACC-UAC-001 Urban

Rapid Transit to Resident Ratio (km per millions) ACC-UAC-002 Urban

National - Street-Network Disconnectedness index (SNDi) ACC-UAC-003 Urban

Healthcare Accessibility ACC-NRC-001 National
DHL Global Connectedness Index ACC-NRC-002 Regional

IATA airport connectivity indicator ACC-NRC-003 Regional

Road Connectivity Index ACC-NRC-004 National

Liner shipping connectivity index ACC-NRC-005 Regional

Liner Shipping Bilateral Connectivity Index ACC-NRC-006 Regional
Remoteness Index ACC-ACG-001 National
ITY
Mode Sector Sheet
ACC-RAC-001(1)
Road Combined ACC-RAC-001(2)

ACC-RAC-001(3)
Road Passenger ACC-UAC-001

Road, Railways Passenger ACC-UAC-002

Road Combined ACC-UAC-003

All Modes Passenger ACC-NRC-001
NA Combined ACC-NRC-002

Aviation Combined ACC-NRC-003

Road Combined ACC-NRC-004

Shipping/Waterways/Navigation Freight ACC-NRC-005

Shipping/Waterways/Navigation Freight ACC-NRC-006
NA NA ACC-ACG-001
1)

2)

3)
4)

5)

6)
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 Indicator Rural Access Index
Indicator ATO Code ACC-RAC-001
Description The RAI is defined as the proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an a
Scope Rural
Mode Road
Sector Combined
Unit Share of population
Indicator Source Code
Source ReCAP (2019)
Website https://rai.azavea.com/

Code ADB members, plus Iran and Russia 2019

AFG Afghanistan 67%

ARM Armenia 91%

AUS Australia 86%

AZE Azerbaijan 65%

BGD Bangladesh 67%

BTN Bhutan 48%

BRN Brunei Darussalam 89%

KHM Cambodia 52%

CHN China 79%

COK Cook Islands

FJI Fiji 64%

GEO Georgia 82%

IND India

IDN Indonesia 73%

JPN Japan 95%

KAZ Kazakhstan 42%

KIR Kiribati

KGZ Kyrgyzstan 56%

LAO Lao People’s Democratic Republic 59%

MYS Malaysia 74%

MDV Maldives 57%

MHL Marshall Islands

FSM Micronesia (Federated States of) 51%

MNG Mongolia 49%

MMR Myanmar 46%

NIU Niue 94%

NRU Nauru 100%

NPL Nepal 70%

NZL New Zealand 83%

PAK Pakistan 64%

PLW Palau 68%

PNG Papua New Guinea 23%

PHL Philippines 85%

KOR Republic of Korea 97%

WSM Samoa 67%

SGP Singapore 100%

SLB Solomon Islands 24%

LKA Sri Lanka 94%

TJK Tajikistan 56%

THA Thailand 79%

TLS Timor-Leste 68%

TON Tonga 89%

TKM Turkmenistan 35%

TUV Tuvalu

UZB Uzbekistan 62%

VUT Vanuatu

VNM Viet Nam 85%

HKG Hong Kong, China

TWN Taipei,China 94%

IRN Iran (Islamic Republic of) 63%

RUS Russian Federation 73%

Rest of Asia
Global
ho live within 2 km of an all-season road.

Subregion
Region
Southern
Asia
Asia

Asia Western Asia

Australia and
Oceania
New Zealand

Asia Western Asia

Southern
Asia
Asia
Southern
Asia
Asia
South-
Asia
Eastern Asia
South-
Asia
Eastern Asia

Asia Eastern Asia

Oceania Polynesia

Oceania Melanesia

Asia Western Asia

Southern
Asia
Asia
South-
Asia
Eastern Asia
Asia Eastern Asia

Asia Central Asia

Oceania Micronesia

Asia Central Asia

South-
Asia
Eastern Asia
South-
Asia
Eastern Asia
Southern
Asia
Asia

Oceania Micronesia

Oceania Micronesia

Asia Eastern Asia

South-
Asia
Eastern Asia

Oceania Micronesia

Oceania Micronesia

Southern
Asia
Asia
Australia and
Oceania
New Zealand
Southern
Asia
Asia
Oceania Micronesia

Oceania Melanesia

South-
Asia
Eastern Asia
Asia Eastern Asia

Oceania Polynesia

South-
Asia
Eastern Asia

Oceania Melanesia

Southern
Asia
Asia
Asia Central Asia
South-
Asia
Eastern Asia
 South-
Asia
Eastern Asia

Oceania Polynesia

Asia Central Asia

Oceania Polynesia

Asia Central Asia

Oceania Melanesia

South-
Asia
Eastern Asia
Asia Eastern Asia
Asia Eastern Asia
Southern
Asia
Asia
Eastern
Europe
Europe
 Least Developed Countries
Income Group (World Bank)

Annex I or Non-Annex I

UNCRD Members
ADB Member
OECD Country

SIDS
G20
Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes

Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income

High income Annex I OECD Yes Yes No

Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income

High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes

Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes Yes No Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes Yes No Yes
income
High income Annex I OECD Yes Yes No Yes
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income

Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes

High income Annex I OECD No Yes No

Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
High income Non-Annex I OECD Yes Yes No Yes
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes
income

High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
High income - Non-OECD No Yes
High income - Non-OECD No Yes
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No No No Yes
income
Upper middle
Annex I Non-OECD Yes No No Yes
income
 LandLocked

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)

Yes
BIMP-EAGA

Yes
Yes
Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT)

Yes
South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC)

Yes
Yes
Yes

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

Yes
Yes
Yes
 Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

 Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes
Yes

Yes Yes
 Central and West Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Department

South Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Department

East Asia Department

Yes
Pacific Department

Yes
Yes
South East Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Department
 Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes
 Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes
Yes
 Indicator Rural Access Index
Indicator ATO Code ACC-RAC-001
Description The RAI is defined as the proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an a
Scope Rural
Mode Road
Sector Combined
Unit Share of population
Indicator Source Code
Source World Bank
Website http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/759461550242864626/pdf/WPS8746.pdf

Code ADB members, plus Iran and Russia

AFG Afghanistan

ARM Armenia

AUS Australia

AZE Azerbaijan

BGD Bangladesh

BTN Bhutan

BRN Brunei Darussalam

KHM Cambodia

CHN China

COK Cook Islands

FJI Fiji

GEO Georgia

IND India

IDN Indonesia

JPN Japan

KAZ Kazakhstan
KIR Kiribati

KGZ Kyrgyzstan

LAO Lao People’s Democratic Republic

MYS Malaysia

MDV Maldives

MHL Marshall Islands

FSM Micronesia (Federated States of)

MNG Mongolia

MMR Myanmar

NIU Niue

NRU Nauru

NPL Nepal

NZL New Zealand

PAK Pakistan

PLW Palau

PNG Papua New Guinea

PHL Philippines

KOR Republic of Korea

WSM Samoa

SGP Singapore

SLB Solomon Islands

LKA Sri Lanka

TJK Tajikistan

THA Thailand
TLS Timor-Leste

TON Tonga

TKM Turkmenistan

TUV Tuvalu

UZB Uzbekistan

VUT Vanuatu

VNM Viet Nam

HKG Hong Kong, China

TWN Taipei,China

IRN Iran (Islamic Republic of)

RUS Russian Federation

Rest of Asia
Global
on of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road.

/curated/en/759461550242864626/pdf/WPS8746.pdf

Using - primary or secondary roads Primary, secondary and tertiary roads

20% 39%

18% 29%

27% 58%

47% 77%

34% 64%

38% 89%

57% 71%

37% 76%

48% 72%

26% 51%
25% 58%

32% 64%

50% 66%

19% 36%

38% 68%

52% 90%

40% 59%

64% 87%

69% 96%

26% 55%

46% 92%
5% 11%

19% 57%

67% 89%

20% 46%
All roads, including tracks

57%

30%

65%

78%

68%

91%

72%

85%

73%

57%
65%

70%

69%

43%

70%

94%

60%

90%

97%

59%

93%
13%

61%

89%

49%
 Income Group (World Bank)

Annex I or Non-Annex I

OECD Country
Subregion
Region

G20
Southern
Asia Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Asia
Upper middle
Asia Western Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Australia and
Oceania High income Annex I OECD Yes
New Zealand
Upper middle
Asia Western Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Asia income
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Asia income
South-
Asia High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Asia Eastern Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes
income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Upper middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Upper middle
Asia Western Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes
Asia income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes
Eastern Asia income
Asia Eastern Asia High income Annex I OECD Yes
Upper middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
 Lower middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Lower middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia income
South- Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia income
Southern Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Asia income
Upper middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Lower middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Lower middle
Asia Eastern Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Upper middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Southern
Asia Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Asia
Australia and
Oceania High income Annex I OECD No
New Zealand
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Asia income
Oceania Micronesia High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Lower middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia income
Asia Eastern Asia High income Non-Annex I OECD Yes
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
South-
Asia High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia
Lower middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Southern Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Asia income
Asia Central Asia Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
South- Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia income
 South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Upper middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Lower middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Lower middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia income
Asia Eastern Asia High income - Non-OECD No
Asia Eastern Asia High income - Non-OECD No
Southern Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Asia income
Eastern Upper middle
Europe Annex I Non-OECD Yes
Europe income
 ADB Member

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Least Developed Countries

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
UNCRD Members

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
SIDS

Yes
Yes
LandLocked

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)

Yes
BIMP-EAGA

Yes
Yes
Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes
Yes Yes

No No Yes

No No Yes Yes
 Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT)

Yes
South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

Yes
Yes
Yes
Central and West Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Department

South Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Department

East Asia Department

Yes
Pacific Department

Yes
Yes
South East Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Department
 Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes
 Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes
Yes

Yes
 Indicator Rural Access Index
Indicator ATO Code ACC-RAC-001
Description The RAI is defined as the proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an a
Scope Rural
Mode Road
Sector Combined
Unit Share of population
Indicator Source Code
Source World Bank/SUM4ALL
Website https://sum4all.org/

Code ADB members, plus Iran and Russia 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

AFG Afghanistan

ARM Armenia

AUS Australia

AZE Azerbaijan

BGD Bangladesh

BTN Bhutan

BRN Brunei Darussalam

KHM Cambodia

CHN China

COK Cook Islands

FJI Fiji

GEO Georgia

IND India

IDN Indonesia

JPN Japan

KAZ Kazakhstan
KIR Kiribati

KGZ Kyrgyzstan

LAO Lao People’s Democratic Republic

MYS Malaysia

MDV Maldives

MHL Marshall Islands

FSM Micronesia (Federated States of)

MNG Mongolia

MMR Myanmar

NIU Niue

NRU Nauru

NPL Nepal

NZL New Zealand

PAK Pakistan

PLW Palau

PNG Papua New Guinea

PHL Philippines

KOR Republic of Korea

WSM Samoa

SGP Singapore

SLB Solomon Islands

LKA Sri Lanka

TJK Tajikistan

THA Thailand
TLS Timor-Leste

TON Tonga

TKM Turkmenistan

TUV Tuvalu

UZB Uzbekistan

VUT Vanuatu

VNM Viet Nam

HKG Hong Kong, China

TWN Taipei,China

IRN Iran (Islamic Republic of)

RUS Russian Federation

Rest of Asia
Global
live within 2 km of an all-season road.

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

22%

80%

67%

47%

81%

81%

97%

76%

82%

94%

99%

77%
 76%

64%

82%

82%

36%

23%

83%

61%

68%

80%

89%

71%

77%

92%

74%

33%
 90%

86%

66%

57%

77%

84%

66%

81%
 Subregion
Region
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Southern
Asia

Western Asia

Australia and
New Zealand

Western Asia

Southern
87%
Asia
Southern
Asia
South-
Eastern Asia
South-
Eastern Asia

Eastern Asia

Polynesia

Melanesia

Western Asia

Southern
Asia
South-
Eastern Asia
Eastern Asia

Central Asia
 Micronesia

Central Asia

South-
Eastern Asia
South-
Eastern Asia
Southern
Asia

Micronesia

Micronesia

Eastern Asia

South-
Eastern Asia

Micronesia

Micronesia

Southern
54%
Asia
Australia and
New Zealand
Southern
Asia
Micronesia

Melanesia

South-
Eastern Asia
Eastern Asia

Polynesia

South-
Eastern Asia

Melanesia

Southern
Asia
Central Asia
South-
Eastern Asia
 South-
Eastern Asia

Polynesia

Central Asia

Polynesia

Central Asia

Melanesia

South-
Eastern Asia
Eastern Asia
Eastern Asia
Southern
Asia
Eastern
Europe
 Least Developed Countries
Income Group (World Bank)

Annex I or Non-Annex I

UNCRD Members
ADB Member
OECD Country

SIDS
G20
Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes

Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income

High income Annex I OECD Yes Yes No

Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income

High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes

Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes Yes No Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes Yes No Yes
income
High income Annex I OECD Yes Yes No Yes
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income

Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes

High income Annex I OECD No Yes No

Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
High income Non-Annex I OECD Yes Yes No Yes
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes
income

High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
High income - Non-OECD No Yes
High income - Non-OECD No Yes
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No No No Yes
income
Upper middle
Annex I Non-OECD Yes No No Yes
income
 LandLocked

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)

Yes
BIMP-EAGA

Yes
Yes
Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT)

Yes
South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC)

Yes
Yes
Yes

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

Yes
Yes
Yes
 Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

 Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes
Yes

Yes Yes
 Central and West Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Department

South Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Department

East Asia Department

Yes
Pacific Department

Yes
Yes
South East Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Department
 Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes
 Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes
Yes
 Indicator Travel time to cities by Population
Indicator ATO Code ACC-UAC-001
Description We define accessibility using travel time as it is readily interpretable. This indicator oper
Scope Urban
Mode Road
Sector Passenger
Unit Cumulative share of population
Indicator Source Code
Source D. J. Weiss et al. - A global map of travel time to cities to assess inequalities in accessibility in 2015
Website https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25181#Sec11

30 Min 60 Min 90 Min

Code ADB members, plus Iran and Russia

AFG Afghanistan 36% 48% 57%

ARM Armenia 49% 66% 78%

AUS Australia 79% 82% 85%

AZE Azerbaijan 46% 66% 79%

BGD Bangladesh 90% 98% 99%

BTN Bhutan 16% 25% 33%

BRN Brunei Darussalam 82% 94% 95%

KHM Cambodia 35% 58% 78%

CHN China 68% 80% 87%

COK Cook Islands

FJI Fiji 34% 38% 40%

GEO Georgia 48% 65% 76%

IND India

IDN Indonesia 75% 83% 87%

JPN Japan 93% 98% 99%

KAZ Kazakhstan 23% 34% 43%

KIR Kiribati

KGZ Kyrgyzstan 52% 61% 70%

LAO Lao People’s Democratic Republic 14% 22% 31%

MYS Malaysia 71% 81% 85%

MDV Maldives 42% 42% 45%

MHL Marshall Islands

FSM Micronesia (Federated States of)

MNG Mongolia 39% 43% 48%

MMR Myanmar 43% 62% 75%

NIU Niue

NRU Nauru

NPL Nepal 46% 66% 75%

NZL New Zealand 65% 74% 81%

PAK Pakistan 73% 86% 91%

PLW Palau

PNG Papua New Guinea 13% 19% 23%

PHL Philippines 72% 85% 92%

KOR Republic of Korea 95% 99% 100%

WSM Samoa 42% 65% 72%

SGP Singapore 100% 100% 100%

SLB Solomon Islands 12% 15% 17%

LKA Sri Lanka 70% 89% 97%

TJK Tajikistan 59% 71% 77%

THA Thailand 45% 64% 78%

TLS Timor-Leste 18% 27% 39%

TON Tonga

TKM Turkmenistan 16% 18% 21%

TUV Tuvalu

UZB Uzbekistan 42% 57% 65%

VUT Vanuatu

VNM Viet Nam 82% 92% 96%

HKG Hong Kong, China

TWN Taipei,China

IRN Iran (Islamic Republic of) 32% 50% 64%

RUS Russian Federation 54% 65% 73%

Rest of Asia
Global
retable. This indicator operationalizes accessibility in terms of travel time required to reach the nearest urban centre, defined as

accessibility in 2015

2015
120 Min 150 Min 180 Min 210 Min 240 Min 270 Min 300 Min Higher

63% 69% 74% 78% 82% 84% 87% 100%

88% 94% 97% 98% 99% 100% 100% 100%

88% 91% 94% 95% 97% 97% 97% 100%

86% 91% 94% 96% 97% 98% 98% 100%

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

42% 51% 59% 66% 73% 77% 80% 100%

97% 98% 98% 98% 99% 99% 99% 100%

88% 93% 95% 96% 98% 99% 99% 100%

90% 93% 94% 95% 96% 97% 98% 100%

42% 46% 49% 59% 76% 79% 80% 100%

83% 89% 94% 96% 97% 98% 98% 100%

89% 91% 92% 93% 94% 95% 95% 100%

99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

51% 58% 64% 69% 73% 77% 79% 100%

75% 81% 85% 87% 89% 91% 92% 100%

39% 46% 54% 62% 69% 76% 82% 100%

89% 91% 93% 94% 95% 96% 96% 100%

46% 46% 46% 47% 48% 48% 50% 100%

52% 54% 56% 57% 61% 62% 64% 100%

83% 88% 91% 93% 94% 95% 96% 100%

80% 84% 87% 89% 91% 92% 93% 100%

88% 94% 96% 97% 99% 100% 100% 100%

94% 95% 96% 97% 98% 98% 98% 100%

27% 30% 33% 36% 38% 40% 41% 100%

94% 96% 97% 98% 98% 99% 99% 100%

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

77% 82% 86% 90% 93% 94% 95% 100%

100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

18% 20% 21% 23% 24% 25% 26% 100%

99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

81% 84% 86% 88% 89% 91% 92% 100%

88% 95% 98% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100%

57% 69% 80% 87% 94% 97% 99% 100%

25% 29% 34% 38% 42% 45% 49% 100%

71% 76% 79% 82% 85% 87% 88% 100%

100%

98% 99% 99% 99% 100% 100% 100% 100%

73% 79% 84% 87% 89% 91% 93% 100%

80% 85% 88% 91% 92% 93% 94% 100%

rest urban centre, defined as a contiguous area with 1,500 or more inhabitants per square kilometer or a majority of built-up lan

Income Group (World Bank)

Annex I or Non-Annex I
Subregion
Region

Southern
Asia Low income Non-Annex I
Asia
Upper middle
Asia Western Asia Non-Annex I
income
Australia and
Oceania High income Annex I
New Zealand
Upper middle
Asia Western Asia Non-Annex I
income
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I
Asia income
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I
Asia income
South-
Asia High income Non-Annex I
Eastern Asia
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Asia Eastern Asia Non-Annex I
income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I
income
Upper middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I
income
Upper middle
Asia Western Asia Non-Annex I
income
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I
Asia income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I
Eastern Asia income
Asia Eastern Asia High income Annex I
Upper middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I
income
 Lower middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I
income
Lower middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I
Eastern Asia income
South- Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I
Eastern Asia income
Southern Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I
Asia income
Upper middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I
income
Lower middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I
income
Lower middle
Asia Eastern Asia Non-Annex I
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I
income
Upper middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I
income
Southern
Asia Low income Non-Annex I
Asia
Australia and
Oceania High income Annex I
New Zealand
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I
Asia income
Oceania Micronesia High income Non-Annex I
Lower middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I
Eastern Asia income
Asia Eastern Asia High income Non-Annex I
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I
income
South-
Asia High income Non-Annex I
Eastern Asia
Lower middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I
income
Southern Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I
Asia income
Asia Central Asia Low income Non-Annex I
South- Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I
Eastern Asia income
 South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I
income
Upper middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I
income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I
income
Lower middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I
income
Lower middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I
Eastern Asia income
Asia Eastern Asia High income -
Asia Eastern Asia High income -
Southern Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I
Asia income
Eastern Upper middle
Europe Annex I
Europe income
 South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
ilometer or a majority of built-up land cover coincident with a population centre of at least 50,000 inhabitants .

Least Developed Countries

Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)

UNCRD Members
ADB Member
OECD Country

LandLocked
SIDS
G20

Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes

OECD Yes Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD Yes Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No

Non-OECD Yes Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD Yes Yes No Yes Yes

OECD Yes Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

OECD Yes Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No No No Yes

Non-OECD Yes No No Yes Yes

 0 inhabitants .
Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)

Yes
BIMP-EAGA

Yes
Yes
Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT)

Yes
South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

Yes
Yes
Yes
Central and West Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Department

South Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Department

East Asia Department

Yes
Pacific Department

Yes
Yes
 Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

 Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes
Yes

Yes
 South East Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Department
Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes
Yes

Yes
 Indicator Rapid Transit to Resident Ratio (km per millions)
Indicator ATO Code ACC-UAC-002
Description The Rapid Transit to Urban Resident ratio (RTR) is the ratio of rapid transit to urban pop
Scope Urban
Mode Road, Railways
Sector Passenger
Unit km of Rapid Transit / Million Urban Residents (in cities with populations above 500,000)
Indicator Source Code
Source ITDP
Website https://www.itdp.org/2016/01/25/infographic-rapid-transit-to-resident-ratio-rtr/2015-itdp-in

Code ADB members, plus Iran and Russia 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

AFG Afghanistan

ARM Armenia 9.2 9.2 9.3 9.3 9.4

AUS Australia 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9

AZE Azerbaijan 15.2 15.1 15.1 15.0 15.0

BGD Bangladesh

BTN Bhutan

BRN Brunei Darussalam

KHM Cambodia

CHN China 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0

COK Cook Islands

FJI Fiji

GEO Georgia 21.6 21.8 22.0 22.3 22.5

IND India

IDN Indonesia 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

JPN Japan 18.0 18.1 17.9 18.0 18.4

KAZ Kazakhstan 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

KIR Kiribati

KGZ Kyrgyzstan

LAO Lao People’s Democratic Republic

MYS Malaysia 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

MDV Maldives

MHL Marshall Islands

FSM Micronesia (Federated States of)

MNG Mongolia

MMR Myanmar

NIU Niue

NRU Nauru

NPL Nepal

NZL New Zealand 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

PAK Pakistan 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

PLW Palau

PNG Papua New Guinea

PHL Philippines 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2

KOR Republic of Korea 14.6 14.4 14.4 14.5 15.3

WSM Samoa

SGP Singapore 20.9 20.3 19.7 19.1 18.6

SLB Solomon Islands

LKA Sri Lanka

TJK Tajikistan

THA Thailand 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

TLS Timor-Leste

TON Tonga

TKM Turkmenistan

TUV Tuvalu

UZB Uzbekistan 10.8 12.3 12.3 12.2 12.2

VUT Vanuatu

VNM Viet Nam 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

HKG Hong Kong, China 73.7 73.7 73.7 75.7 75.7

TWN Taipei,China 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

IRN Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

RUS Russian Federation 13.7 13.9 14.0 14.0 14.1

Rest of Asia
Global 8.2 8.1 8.1 8.0 8.0
apid transit to urban population in metropolitan agglomerations with populations greater than five hundred thousand.

ident-ratio-rtr/2015-itdp-infographic-spread-1206/

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

9.5 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.9 11.0 11.0 11.1 11.1 11.2 11.2 11.3 11.3 11.4 11.4

1.9 1.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.0 4.3 4.2 6.6 6.9 6.8 6.7 9.0 8.9 9.1

14.9 14.8 14.8 14.7 14.6 14.6 14.5 15.1 15.0 14.9 14.8 14.5 14.2 15.0 15.4

1.0 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.9 2.1 2.7 3.2 3.2 3.6 4.2 4.8

22.8 23.0 23.2 23.5 23.7 25.1 25.1 25.1 25.1 25.1 25.1 25.0 24.8 24.7 24.6

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.4 1.6 4.1 4.1 4.0

18.5 19.0 19.1 19.1 19.2 19.8 19.7 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.5 19.7 19.6

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 12.8 12.0 16.7 18.6 17.6 17.1 16.5 16.1 15.6 15.2 14.7 14.2 13.8 13.4

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 4.9

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.5 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7

15.1 18.8 19.0 19.3 20.8 22.8 22.9 23.1 23.2 25.8 27.2 27.5 29.4 29.6 30.6

18.1 21.8 21.2 20.8 20.3 19.8 19.5 20.1 24.2 23.6 23.0 22.4 21.8 21.3 22.7

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.9
12.1 12.0 12.0 11.9 11.9 11.8 14.3 14.2 14.1 14.0 14.0 13.9 13.8 13.7 13.6

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

76.7 76.7 76.7 143.0 143.0 143.0 143.0 154.9 190.3 201.7 205.0 205.0 205.0 205.0 205.0
0.0 1.7 5.6 6.4 8.9 10.2 10.1 10.0 10.0 10.2 10.2 11.3 11.2 17.6 19.8

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 3.3 3.8

14.9 14.8 14.9 14.9 14.9 14.9 14.8 14.8 15.0 14.9 14.9 14.9 14.8 14.8 14.8

8.0 8.1 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.4 8.6 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9
undred thousand.

Region
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Asia

11.4 11.5 11.5 11.6 11.6 11.7 11.7 11.8 11.8 11.9 Asia

9.0 8.9 8.8 8.6 8.9 8.8 8.7 8.6 8.5 9.1 Oceania

15.1 15.3 14.9 14.5 14.1 13.7 14.3 14.0 13.7 13.4 Asia

Asia

Asia

Asia

Asia

6.0 6.4 7.2 8.1 8.6 9.1 10.1 11.1 12.1 13.9 Asia

Oceania

Oceania

24.5 24.4 24.3 24.2 24.1 24.1 24.1 24.1 24.2 24.2 Asia

Asia

5.5 5.8 5.7 6.3 6.2 6.1 5.9 6.1 6.6 7.0 Asia

19.5 19.4 19.2 19.1 19.0 18.9 18.8 18.8 18.7 18.7 Asia

0.0 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 Asia
 Oceania

Asia

Asia

13.0 12.6 12.3 11.9 11.6 11.8 13.7 16.5 16.1 15.7 Asia

Asia

Oceania

Oceania

Asia

Asia

Oceania

Oceania

Asia

4.9 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.4 Oceania

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.3 Asia

Oceania

Oceania

2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 Asia

31.3 32.4 34.0 34.1 34.0 34.0 34.5 34.3 34.5 34.3 Asia

Oceania

24.1 26.5 26.4 26.7 26.2 25.7 25.3 28.5 28.1 27.7 Asia

Oceania

Asia

Asia

5.9 6.1 5.9 6.1 5.9 5.7 7.4 7.2 6.9 7.9 Asia
 Asia

Oceania

Asia

Oceania

13.5 13.4 13.3 13.2 13.1 13.1 12.9 12.7 12.6 12.4 Asia

Oceania

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 Asia

246.1 246.1 246.1 246.1 248.6 251.6 261.6 261.6 272.6 272.6 Asia
21.3 21.3 23.2 24.4 24.3 24.1 23.9 32.4 32.1 31.8 Asia

3.8 4.4 5.4 5.3 6.0 6.9 7.0 9.2 9.1 9.4 Asia

14.8 14.9 14.9 14.8 14.7 14.7 16.0 16.0 16.1 16.3 Europe

9.1 9.2 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.9 10.2 10.3 10.7
 Least Developed Countries
Income Group (World Bank)

Annex I or Non-Annex I

ADB Member
OECD Country
Subregion

G20
Southern
Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes
Asia
Upper middle
Western Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income
Australia and
High income Annex I OECD Yes Yes No
New Zealand
Upper middle
Western Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income
Southern Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes
Asia income
Southern Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes
Asia income
South-
High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
Eastern Asia
South- Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Eastern Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes Yes No
income
Upper middle
Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income
Upper middle
Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income
Upper middle
Western Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income
Southern Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes Yes No
Asia income
South- Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes Yes No
Eastern Asia income
Eastern Asia High income Annex I OECD Yes Yes No
Upper middle
Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income
 Lower middle
Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes
income
Lower middle
Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income
South- Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes
Eastern Asia income
South- Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
Eastern Asia income
Southern Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
Asia income
Upper middle
Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income
Lower middle
Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income
Lower middle
Eastern Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income
South- Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
income
Upper middle
Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income
Southern
Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes
Asia
Australia and
High income Annex I OECD No Yes No
New Zealand
Southern Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
Asia income
Micronesia High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
Lower middle
Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income
South- Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
Eastern Asia income
Eastern Asia High income Non-Annex I OECD Yes Yes No
Upper middle
Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income
South-
High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
Eastern Asia
Lower middle
Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income
Southern Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
Asia income
Central Asia Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
South- Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
Eastern Asia income
 South- Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income
Upper middle
Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income
Upper middle
Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes
income
Lower middle
Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income
Lower middle
Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes
income
South- Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
Eastern Asia income
Eastern Asia High income - Non-OECD No Yes
Eastern Asia High income - Non-OECD No Yes
Southern Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No No No
Asia income
Eastern Upper middle
Annex I Non-OECD Yes No No
Europe income
 UNCRD Members

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
SIDS

Yes
Yes
LandLocked

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)

Yes
BIMP-EAGA

Yes
Yes
Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT)

Yes
 Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes
Yes

Yes

Yes Yes
 South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

Yes
Yes
Yes
Central and West Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Department

South Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Department

East Asia Department

Yes
Pacific Department

Yes
Yes
South East Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Department
 Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes
 Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes
Yes

Yes
 Indicator National - Street-Network Disconnectedness index (SNDi)
Indicator ATO Code ACC-UAC-003
Description The Street-Network Disconnectedness Index (SNDi) describes similar qualitative attribut
Scope Urban
Mode Road
Sector Combined
Unit Index
Indicator Source Code
Source Millard-Ball et al.
Website Millard-Ball et al.

Code ADB members, plus Iran and Russia 1990-99 2000-13

AFG Afghanistan 5.3 3.6

ARM Armenia 3.9 4.7

AUS Australia 5.3 4.1

AZE Azerbaijan 4.4 4.3

BGD Bangladesh 5.1 5.1

BTN Bhutan

BRN Brunei Darussalam 6.9 6.5

KHM Cambodia 3.2 3.9

CHN China 2.7 2.8

COK Cook Islands

FJI Fiji

GEO Georgia 5.1 4.7

IND India

IDN Indonesia 5.3 5.8

JPN Japan 2.2 1.8

KAZ Kazakhstan 3.2 3.5

KIR Kiribati

KGZ Kyrgyzstan 3 3.1

LAO Lao People’s Democratic Republic 4.5 4.5

MYS Malaysia 5.2 5.7

MDV Maldives

MHL Marshall Islands

FSM Micronesia (Federated States of)

MNG Mongolia 4.6 3.9

MMR Myanmar 2 3.7

NIU Niue

NRU Nauru

NPL Nepal 2.9 4.1

NZL New Zealand 5.6 5.2

PAK Pakistan 3.6 3.5

PLW Palau

PNG Papua New Guinea 7.1 6.6

PHL Philippines 5.6 6.1

KOR Republic of Korea 2 2.4

WSM Samoa

SGP Singapore 1.3 1.1

SLB Solomon Islands

LKA Sri Lanka 5.4 5.9

TJK Tajikistan 3.5 3.8

THA Thailand 4.8 6.3

TLS Timor-Leste

TON Tonga

TKM Turkmenistan 2.1 2.4

TUV Tuvalu

UZB Uzbekistan 3.9 3.9

VUT Vanuatu

VNM Viet Nam 4.4 4.6

HKG Hong Kong, China

TWN Taipei,China 2 1.8

IRN Iran (Islamic Republic of)

RUS Russian Federation 4.4 4.7

Rest of Asia
Global
ribes similar qualitative attributes of urban form in countries with diverse income levels, cultures and urban planning traditions

Subregion
Region
2019
Southern
4.8 Asia
Asia

3.8 Asia Western Asia

Australia and
3.5 Oceania
New Zealand

4.6 Asia Western Asia

Southern
5.3 Asia
Asia
Southern
Asia
Asia
South-
6.7 Asia
Eastern Asia
South-
3.3 Asia
Eastern Asia

3.1 Asia Eastern Asia

Oceania Polynesia

Oceania Melanesia

4.1 Asia Western Asia

Southern
Asia
Asia
South-
5.1 Asia
Eastern Asia
1.3 Asia Eastern Asia

3 Asia Central Asia

 Oceania Micronesia

3.2 Asia Central Asia

South-
4 Asia
Eastern Asia
South-
4.9 Asia
Eastern Asia
Southern
0.7 Asia
Asia

Oceania Micronesia

Oceania Micronesia

3.7 Asia Eastern Asia

South-
3 Asia
Eastern Asia

Oceania Micronesia

Oceania Micronesia

Southern
4 Asia
Asia
Australia and
4 Oceania
New Zealand
Southern
2.8 Asia
Asia
Oceania Micronesia

6.5 Oceania Melanesia

South-
5.4 Asia
Eastern Asia
1.4 Asia Eastern Asia

Oceania Polynesia

South-
1.9 Asia
Eastern Asia

Oceania Melanesia

Southern
5.5 Asia
Asia
4 Asia Central Asia
South-
4.9 Asia
Eastern Asia
 South-
Asia
Eastern Asia

Oceania Polynesia

2.4 Asia Central Asia

Oceania Polynesia

3.5 Asia Central Asia

Oceania Melanesia

South-
4.4 Asia
Eastern Asia
Asia Eastern Asia
1.3 Asia Eastern Asia
Southern
Asia
Asia
Eastern
3.7 Europe
Europe
urban planning traditions. It is estimated using OSMs. This indicator looks at the connectivity of local street networks across the

Least Developed Countries

Income Group (World Bank)

Annex I or Non-Annex I

UNCRD Members
ADB Member
OECD Country

SIDS
G20
Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes

Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income

High income Annex I OECD Yes Yes No

Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income

High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes

Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes Yes No Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes Yes No Yes
income
High income Annex I OECD Yes Yes No Yes
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income

Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes

High income Annex I OECD No Yes No

Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
High income Non-Annex I OECD Yes Yes No Yes
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes
income

High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes
income
Lower middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes
income
High income - Non-OECD No Yes
High income - Non-OECD No Yes
Upper middle
Non-Annex I Non-OECD No No No Yes
income
Upper middle
Annex I Non-OECD Yes No No Yes
income
 LandLocked

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)

Yes
Yes
Yes
street networks across the world.

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)

Yes
BIMP-EAGA

Yes
Yes
Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT)

Yes
South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC)

Yes
Yes
Yes

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

Yes
Yes
Yes
 Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

 Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes
Yes

Yes Yes
 Central and West Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Department

South Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Department

East Asia Department

Yes
Pacific Department

Yes
Yes
South East Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Department
 Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes
 Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes
Yes
 Indicator Healthcare Accessibility
Indicator ATO Code ACC-NRC-001
Description Percent of population beyond 10 minutes , 30 minutes & 60 Minutes from a healthcare f
Scope National
Mode All Modes
Sector Passenger
Unit Share of population
Indicator Source Code
Source D. J. Weiss et al.
Website https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-1059-1?s=03#Sec10

Driving (beyond)
Code ADB members, plus Iran and Russia > 10 minutes

AFG Afghanistan 79%

ARM Armenia 53%

AUS Australia 8%

AZE Azerbaijan 64%

BGD Bangladesh 48%

BTN Bhutan 91%

BRN Brunei Darussalam 16%

KHM Cambodia 70%

CHN China 45%

COK Cook Islands 49%

FJI Fiji 47%

GEO Georgia 40%

IND India

IDN Indonesia 22%

JPN Japan 16%

KAZ Kazakhstan 84%

KIR Kiribati 81%

KGZ Kyrgyzstan 47%

LAO Lao People’s Democratic Republic 87%

MYS Malaysia 22%

MDV Maldives

MHL Marshall Islands 83%

FSM Micronesia (Federated States of) 70%

MNG Mongolia 51%

MMR Myanmar 75%

NIU Niue

NRU Nauru

NPL Nepal 60%

NZL New Zealand 17%

PAK Pakistan 50%

PLW Palau 89%

PNG Papua New Guinea 88%

PHL Philippines 32%

KOR Republic of Korea 32%

WSM Samoa 88%

SGP Singapore 0%

SLB Solomon Islands

LKA Sri Lanka 20%

TJK Tajikistan 59%

THA Thailand 9%
TLS Timor-Leste 64%

TON Tonga 39%

TKM Turkmenistan 86%

TUV Tuvalu 42%

UZB Uzbekistan 75%

VUT Vanuatu 92%

VNM Viet Nam 32%

HKG Hong Kong, China 1%

TWN Taipei,China 4%

IRN Iran (Islamic Republic of) 80%

RUS Russian Federation 45%

Rest of Asia
Global
s & 60 Minutes from a healthcare facility. This indicator maps travel time with and without access to motorized transport, thus c

?s=03#Sec10

2019
Driving (beyond) Pedestrian (beyond)
>30 minutes >60 minutes > 10 minutes >30 minutes >60 minutes

69% 55% 95% 85% 82%

26% 7% 89% 73% 60%

2% 1% 81% 40% 20%

42% 22% 90% 77% 67%

8% 1% 89% 72% 49%

76% 61% 99% 96% 90%

5% 3% 97% 69% 37%

40% 12% 91% 82% 73%

20% 10% 86% 64% 44%

28% 12% 93% 64% 39%

34% 20% 95% 65% 52%

17% 8% 78% 59% 52%

12% 7% 75% 43% 25%

3% 1% 71% 40% 24%

73% 58% 96% 90% 86%

65% 32% 97% 89% 80%

31% 21% 88% 68% 55%

76% 56% 98% 91% 84%

14% 9% 80% 37% 25%

50% 38% 96% 84% 84%

57% 42% 98% 81% 69%

42% 35% 83% 61% 54%

53% 29% 95% 84% 77%

26% 12% 88% 75% 60%

6% 1% 83% 43% 26%

21% 11% 86% 72% 61%

71% 44% 98% 90% 88%

81% 72% 99% 94% 91%

12% 5% 80% 55% 39%

12% 5% 80% 55% 39%

66% 39% 100% 96% 87%

0% 0% 41% 1% 0%

6% 2% 91% 60% 32%

40% 25% 91% 78% 69%

2% 1% 80% 47% 18%

34% 15% 98% 77% 55%

13% 6% 96% 76% 36%

84% 81% 96% 89% 87%

40% 26% 100% 100% 59%

49% 34% 99% 94% 86%

80% 67% 99% 96% 86%

8% 3% 84% 62% 40%

0% 0% 34% 6% 2%
1% 0% 70% 35% 14%

58% 37% 97% 90% 83%

24% 12% 86% 67% 53%

o motorized transport, thus characterizing travel time to healthcare for populations distributed across the wealth spectrum.

Income Group (World Bank)

Annex I or Non-Annex I

OECD Country
Subregion
Region

Southern
Asia Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Asia
Upper middle
Asia Western Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Australia and
Oceania High income Annex I OECD
New Zealand
Upper middle
Asia Western Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Asia income
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Asia income
South-
Asia High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Eastern Asia
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Asia Eastern Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Upper middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Upper middle
Asia Western Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Asia income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Eastern Asia income
Asia Eastern Asia High income Annex I OECD
Upper middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
 Lower middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Lower middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Eastern Asia income
South- Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Eastern Asia income
Southern Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Asia income
Upper middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Lower middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Lower middle
Asia Eastern Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Upper middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Southern
Asia Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Asia
Australia and
Oceania High income Annex I OECD
New Zealand
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Asia income
Oceania Micronesia High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Lower middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Eastern Asia income
Asia Eastern Asia High income Non-Annex I OECD
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
South-
Asia High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Eastern Asia
Lower middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Southern Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Asia income
Asia Central Asia Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD
South- Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Eastern Asia income
 South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Upper middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Lower middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Lower middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Eastern Asia income
Asia Eastern Asia High income - Non-OECD
Asia Eastern Asia High income - Non-OECD
Southern Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Asia income
Eastern Upper middle
Europe Annex I Non-OECD
Europe income
 G20

No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
ss the wealth spectrum.
ADB Member

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Least Developed Countries

No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
UNCRD Members

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
SIDS

Yes
Yes
LandLocked

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)

Yes
No Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes
No Yes Yes

No No No Yes

Yes No No Yes Yes

 BIMP-EAGA

Yes
Yes
Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT)

Yes
South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

Yes
Yes
Yes
Central and West Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Department

South Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Department

East Asia Department

Yes
Pacific Department

Yes
Yes
South East Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Department
 Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes
 Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes
Yes

Yes
 Indicator Global Connectedness Score
Indicator ATO Code ACC-NRC-002
Description DHL Global Connectedness Index (GCI) is a measure of globalisation, which highlights ke
Scope Regional
Mode NA
Sector Combined
Unit Score (0-100)
Indicator Source Code
Source DHL
Website https://www.dhl.com/global-en/home/insights-and-innovation/thought-leadership/case-studi

G
Code ADB members, plus Iran and Russia 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

AFG Afghanistan

ARM Armenia 34 37 36 37 38

AUS Australia 63 62 63 61 59

AZE Azerbaijan 33 36 42 44 43

BGD Bangladesh 30 29 30 31 30

BTN Bhutan 25 23 25 28 29

BRN Brunei Darussalam 47 48 44 47 44

KHM Cambodia 45 46 48 48 46

CHN China 41 42 44 48 50

COK Cook Islands

FJI Fiji 39 39 40 40 41

GEO Georgia 30 31 32 37 36

IND India

IDN Indonesia 38 37 37 39 39

JPN Japan 53 52 53 54 55

KAZ Kazakhstan 39 54 55 52 52
KIR Kiribati 17 18 16 17 18

KGZ Kyrgyzstan 31 34 31 34 37

LAO Lao People’s Democratic Republic 24 21 17 21 22

MYS Malaysia 59 61 62 65 66

MDV Maldives 41 40 40 43 44

MHL Marshall Islands

FSM Micronesia (Federated States of)

MNG Mongolia 35 36 38 42 41

MMR Myanmar 33 31 22 18 16

NIU Niue

NRU Nauru

NPL Nepal 26 23 23 22 19

NZL New Zealand 66 63 61 63 60

PAK Pakistan 33 33 34 36 37

PLW Palau

PNG Papua New Guinea 32 30 30 28

PHL Philippines 47 46 47 51 51

KOR Republic of Korea

WSM Samoa

SGP Singapore 81 81 83 83 84

SLB Solomon Islands 12 17 19 23

LKA Sri Lanka 44 43 44 45 44

TJK Tajikistan 30 31 29 31 28

THA Thailand 58 56 56 58 61
TLS Timor-Leste

TON Tonga 29 33 31 32 31

TKM Turkmenistan

TUV Tuvalu

UZB Uzbekistan 25 28 33 32 28

VUT Vanuatu 21 24 24 25 25

VNM Viet Nam 49 52 55 54 52

HKG Hong Kong, China 74 71 71 72 73

TWN Taipei,China 62 62 63 66 65

IRN Iran (Islamic Republic of) 29 34 35 34 34

RUS Russian Federation 44 45 47 53 53

Rest of Asia
Global
on, which highlights key developments in international flows of capital, trade, information, and people. The index considers - in

ht-leadership/case-studies/global-connectedness-index.html

Global Connectedness Score (0-100)

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2001 2002

22 21 21 21 21 18 19

39 40 42 43 42 41 41 39 40 40 39 39 109 97

61 62 66 66 66 66 66 66 65 65 67 67 26 27

38 37 40 39 39 40 45 42 46 49 50 50 113 105

32 33 33 32 32 34 34 34 36 35 34 34 126 133

29 32 30 30 33 34 32 31 33 32 30 30 145 152

41 41 42 45 44 44 48 49 49 49 50 49 58 60

48 48 48 47 50 55 55 56 58 58 59 60 66 64

51 51 52 50 53 54 54 54 55 55 54 54 78 76

41 40 41 40 42 43 46 49 55 49 49 49 84 88

41 45 47 46 51 50 54 54 55 56 56 56 132 124

38 37 37 37 37 37 39 41 43 44 42 41 92 96

57 58 57 56 58 59 60 61 62 64 62 63 45 48

53 58 56 55 56 53 54 55 55 53 54 53 86 42
17 17 18 18 15 16 17 18 20 25 22 21 155 157

38 36 40 38 36 36 36 38 35 34 35 34 120 115

21 22 22 22 26 27 27 24 26 29 29 30 149 154

70 71 71 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 76 30 29

44 45 45 42 41 48 49 48 50 51 52 50 80 82

35 37 38 40 41 47 47 47 45 42 45

38 37 39 39 47 49 48 47 47 47 45 46 104 102

16 17 14 14 18 20 20 21 23 27 29 35 111 125

20 21 21 24 20 22 20 22 24 26 29 30 144 151

59 60 60 60 60 63 62 64 65 67 65 65 20 24

38 39 40 38 39 37 36 36 36 38 38 37 115 116

28 30 32 31 33 32 30 29 26 26 25 27 118 131

50 49 48 46 48 51 53 53 56 56 57 59 57 65

84 85 84 82 83 83 85 85 86 86 87 87 3 3

29 34 32 32 36 37 35 37 35 36 36 37 161

45 45 44 43 44 47 47 47 49 50 51 51 69 74

33 32 31 28 30 30 29 26 25 25 26 26 129 126

61 63 62 63 65 69 70 69 70 70 69 70 34 37
30 32 35 35 34 37 37 40 41 44 46 42 133 117

26 28 29 25 25 27 24 23 21 20 20 24 147 137

28 25 27 29 26 25 28 27 32 31 35 29 152 148

54 57 58 61 63 64 63 63 64 65 64 64 53 49

72 72 73 73 73 73 74 73 74 72 72 72 10 12
67 67 69 67 71 71 71 71 71 70 70 70 28 26

34 33 33 31 30 30 29 24 24 26 30 35 134 110

54 51 51 52 52 51 51 55 55 56 58 58 68 69
e. The index considers - international flows of capital, trade, information, and people.

Global Connectedness Rank (out of 169 countries)

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

164 164 164 166 165 168 167

106 106 104 102 103 96 90 95 104 106 114 117 119 119 121

26 32 37 35 34 27 25 25 28 29 29 31 35 32 33

82 76 84 108 115 106 107 111 108 95 100 94 84 73 75

128 128 132 131 131 135 136 142 138 140 139 134 134 140 140

145 144 137 137 135 145 145 134 140 145 147 145 143 148 150

73 70 75 93 95 98 80 86 89 81 74 78 81 77 79

61 63 69 70 72 73 70 64 53 53 53 52 53 50 49

71 67 58 57 58 57 59 54 56 57 59 57 60 62 61

89 91 89 94 101 102 102 97 96 89 75 56 78 78 78

117 103 114 92 79 77 79 60 68 56 57 60 58 56 59

103 96 98 110 111 118 117 116 119 114 108 104 102 105 111

46 44 42 43 42 47 44 44 45 42 39 38 40 40 42

42 49 51 53 43 50 50 51 59 58 56 58 63 61 67
156 160 159 161 164 165 165 166 167 167 167 167 161 164 166

124 117 108 109 119 109 108 118 125 126 125 135 139 135 139

155 153 152 158 159 161 160 160 157 158 160 154 153 152 149

27 25 23 21 20 20 17 17 17 17 17 16 13 12 12

91 79 79 80 80 84 92 103 72 74 83 74 74 70 76

124 119 110 107 106 86 85 92 99 109 94

99 82 90 106 114 112 106 72 70 78 91 90 89 94 85

151 157 161 162 165 166 166 165 166 166 165 163 156 153 133

149 152 154 159 161 162 159 164 165 165 163 160 159 155 151

29 29 34 39 37 38 36 41 34 35 31 32 30 37 38

110 111 106 105 104 108 109 108 116 129 132 131 125 125 127

138 141 145 144 141 138 133 146 150 152 155 157 162 157

64 53 53 62 68 71 75 71 65 62 60 55 56 55 52

4 4 4 5 4 3 2 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2

154 156 150 139 129 140 135 122 122 133 130 140 131 131 129

74 74 74 78 82 85 91 85 77 84 87 79 77 71 72

133 132 139 128 136 143 149 148 154 152 156 159 162 159 159

39 39 32 34 32 36 29 27 23 23 22 23 25 25 25
121 123 130 134 138 126 119 129 123 122 113 112 101 89 107

114 122 138 150 152 150 157 161 156 161 162 165 166 165 164

147 148 147 144 155 152 148 158 160 156 154 146 150 136 154

40 42 50 50 46 46 35 30 32 33 34 34 36 38 39

12 13 12 18 18 15 14 12 16 14 15 14 15 15 18
25 23 25 25 26 22 24 19 20 20 20 20 22 21 24

107 120 119 121 133 137 141 145 153 153 159 161 158 149 134

62 46 49 46 59 60 56 59 66 69 55 61 57 54 54
 Income Group (World Bank)

Annex I or Non-Annex I

OECD Country
Subregion
Region

G20
2018
Southern
Asia Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Asia
Upper middle
Asia Western Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Australia and
Oceania High income Annex I OECD Yes
New Zealand
Upper middle
Asia Western Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Asia income
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Asia income
South-
Asia High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Asia Eastern Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes
income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Upper middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Upper middle
Asia Western Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes
Asia income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes
Eastern Asia income
Asia Eastern Asia High income Annex I OECD Yes
Upper middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
 Lower middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Lower middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia income
South- Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia income
Southern Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Asia income
Upper middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Lower middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Lower middle
Asia Eastern Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Upper middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Southern
Asia Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Asia
Australia and
Oceania High income Annex I OECD No
New Zealand
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Asia income
Oceania Micronesia High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Lower middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia income
Asia Eastern Asia High income Non-Annex I OECD Yes
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
South-
Asia High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia
Lower middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Southern Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Asia income
Asia Central Asia Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
South- Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia income
 South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Upper middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Lower middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Lower middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia income
Asia Eastern Asia High income - Non-OECD No
Asia Eastern Asia High income - Non-OECD No
Southern Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Asia income
Eastern Upper middle
Europe Annex I Non-OECD Yes
Europe income
 ADB Member

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Least Developed Countries

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
UNCRD Members

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
SIDS

Yes
Yes
LandLocked

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)

Yes
BIMP-EAGA

Yes
Yes
Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes
Yes Yes

No No Yes

No No Yes Yes
 Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT)

Yes
South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

Yes
Yes
Yes
Central and West Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Department

South Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Department

East Asia Department

Yes
Pacific Department

Yes
Yes
South East Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Department
 Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes
 Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes
Yes

Yes
 Indicator IATA airport connectivity indicator
Indicator ATO Code ACC-NRC-003
Description The IATA airport connectivity indicator measures the degree of integration of a country
Scope Regional
Mode Aviation
Sector Combined
Unit Value, rank and score
Indicator Source Code
Source International Air Transport Association (IATA)
Website http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2018/04Backmatter/3.%20Appendix%20C.pdf

VALUE RANK SCORE VALUE

Code ADB members, plus Iran and Russia 2017 2017 2017 2018

AFG Afghanistan

ARM Armenia 9911 97 32 11239

AUS Australia 689246 10 100 628786

AZE Azerbaijan 25673 78 43 23796

BGD Bangladesh 59074 59 54 48504

BTN Bhutan

BRN Brunei Darussalam 12657 89 35 11872

KHM Cambodia 55061 61 53 57535

CHN China ### 2 100 4925931

COK Cook Islands

FJI Fiji

GEO Georgia 17750 85 38 21457

IND India

IDN Indonesia ### 5 100 972337

JPN Japan ### 3 100 1610558

KAZ Kazakhstan 34780 74 47 33809

KIR Kiribati

KGZ Kyrgyzstan 8586 104 30 8251

LAO Lao People’s Democratic Republic 13839 88 36 14364

MYS Malaysia 461163 18 91 420240

MDV Maldives

MHL Marshall Islands

FSM Micronesia (Federated States of)

MNG Mongolia 10859 96 33 9490

MMR Myanmar

NIU Niue

NRU Nauru

NPL Nepal 29876 75 45 27599

NZL New Zealand 110350 41 64 96704

PAK Pakistan 107367 42 64 98082

PLW Palau

PNG Papua New Guinea

PHL Philippines 320476 26 83 306153

KOR Republic of Korea 510265 16 93 481088

WSM Samoa

SGP Singapore 387550 23 87 352688

SLB Solomon Islands

LKA Sri Lanka 58865 60 54 57216

TJK Tajikistan 4812 118 25 4196

THA Thailand 712965 9 100 670387

TLS Timor-Leste

TON Tonga

TKM Turkmenistan

TUV Tuvalu

UZB Uzbekistan

VUT Vanuatu

VNM Viet Nam 386299 24 87 364184

HKG Hong Kong, China 458986 19 91 408365

TWN Taipei,China 353277 25 85 315888

IRN Iran (Islamic Republic of) 79647 49 59 80533

RUS Russian Federation 400814 22 88 426397

Rest of Asia
Global
ntegration of a country within the global air transport network. It is based on the number of available seats offered in flights ori

Income Group (World Bank)

dix%20C.pdf

Subregion
Region
RANK SCORE VALUE RANK SCORE
2018 2018 2019 2019 2019
Southern
Asia Low income
Asia
Upper middle
93 33 11239 93 33 Asia Western Asia
income
Australia and
10 97 628786 10 97 Oceania High income
New Zealand
Upper middle
79 42 23796 79 42 Asia Western Asia
income
Southern Lower middle
63 51 48504 63 51 Asia
Asia income
Southern Lower middle
Asia
Asia income
South-
91 34 11872 91 34 Asia High income
Eastern Asia
South- Lower middle
58 54 57535 58 54 Asia
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
2 100 4925931 2 100 Asia Eastern Asia
income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia
income
Upper middle
Oceania Melanesia
income
Upper middle
81 41 21457 81 41 Asia Western Asia
income
Southern Lower middle
Asia
Asia income
South- Lower middle
5 100 972337 5 100 Asia
Eastern Asia income
3 100 1610558 3 100 Asia Eastern Asia High income
Upper middle
72 46 33809 72 46 Asia Central Asia
income
 Lower middle
Oceania Micronesia
income
Lower middle
104 30 8251 104 30 Asia Central Asia
income
South- Lower middle
88 36 14364 88 36 Asia
Eastern Asia income
South- Upper middle
20 89 420240 20 89 Asia
Eastern Asia income
Southern Upper middle
Asia
Asia income
Upper middle
Oceania Micronesia
income
Lower middle
Oceania Micronesia
income
Lower middle
97 31 9490 97 31 Asia Eastern Asia
income
South- Lower middle
Asia
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Oceania Micronesia
income
Upper middle
Oceania Micronesia
income
Southern
75 44 27599 75 44 Asia Low income
Asia
Australia and
43 62 96704 43 62 Oceania High income
New Zealand
Southern Lower middle
41 62 98082 41 62 Asia
Asia income
Oceania Micronesia High income
Lower middle
Oceania Melanesia
income
South- Lower middle
26 83 306153 26 83 Asia
Eastern Asia income
16 92 481088 16 92 Asia Eastern Asia High income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia
income
South-
23 85 352688 23 85 Asia High income
Eastern Asia
Lower middle
Oceania Melanesia
income
Southern Upper middle
59 54 57216 59 54 Asia
Asia income
120 24 4196 121 24 Asia Central Asia Low income
South- Upper middle
9 99 670387 9 99 Asia
Eastern Asia income
 South- Lower middle
Asia
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia
income
Upper middle
Asia Central Asia
income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia
income
Lower middle
Asia Central Asia
income
Lower middle
Oceania Melanesia
income
South- Lower middle
22 86 364184 22 86 Asia
Eastern Asia income
21 88 408365 21 88 Asia Eastern Asia High income
25 83 315888 25 83 Asia Eastern Asia High income
Southern Upper middle
49 59 80533 49 59 Asia
Asia income
Eastern Upper middle
18 89 426397 18 89 Europe
Europe income
seats offered in flights originating from a country.For each airport, the number of available seats to each destination is weighte

Least Developed Countries

Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)

Annex I or Non-Annex I

UNCRD Members
OECD Country

ADB Member

LandLocked
SIDS
G20

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes

Annex I OECD Yes Yes No Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes Yes No Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No

Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes Yes No Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes Yes No Yes

Annex I OECD Yes Yes No Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Annex I OECD No Yes No Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes

Non-Annex I OECD Yes Yes No Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes No Yes

- Non-OECD No Yes
- Non-OECD No Yes

Non-Annex I Non-OECD No No No Yes

Annex I Non-OECD Yes No No Yes

 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)

Yes
BIMP-EAGA

Yes
Yes
Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT)

Yes
South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

Yes
Yes
Yes
Central and West Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Department

South Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes

Department
ach destination is weighted by the size of the destination airport (in terms of number of passengers handled). The weighted tot
 Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

 Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes
Yes

Yes Yes
handled). The weighted totals are then summed for all destinations, then for all airports in the country to produce a score. This
East Asia Department

Pacific Department

South East Asia

Department

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes
 Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes
 Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes
Yes
y to produce a score. This score is then divided by the highest score (United States) and multiplied by 100. The scale of this indic
100. The scale of this indicator ranges from 0 to 100 [best].
 Indicator Road Connectivity Index
Indicator ATO Code ACC-NRC-004
Description This Index, developed by the World Economic Forum, comprises two elements: (1) a mea
Scope National
Mode Road
Sector Combined
Unit Value, rank and score
Indicator Source Code
Source World Economic Forum
Website http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2018/04Backmatter/3.%20Appendix%20C.pdf

VALUE RANK SCORE

Code ADB members, plus Iran and Russia 2019 2019 2019

AFG Afghanistan

ARM Armenia 59 114 59

AUS Australia 94 13 94

AZE Azerbaijan 69 88 69

BGD Bangladesh 57 117 57

BTN Bhutan

BRN Brunei Darussalam 66 93 66

KHM Cambodia 62 107 62

CHN China 96 10 96

COK Cook Islands

FJI Fiji

GEO Georgia 77 65 77

IND India

IDN Indonesia 60 109 60

JPN Japan 78 60 78

KAZ Kazakhstan 79 56 79
KIR Kiribati

KGZ Kyrgyzstan 60 110 60

LAO Lao People’s Democratic Republic 52 126 52

MYS Malaysia 40 133 40

MDV Maldives

MHL Marshall Islands

FSM Micronesia (Federated States of)

MNG Mongolia 59 112 59

MMR Myanmar

NIU Niue

NRU Nauru

NPL Nepal 64 101 64

NZL New Zealand 81 51 81

PAK Pakistan 80 52 80

PLW Palau

PNG Papua New Guinea

PHL Philippines 52 125 52

KOR Republic of Korea 90 26 90

WSM Samoa

SGP Singapore N/Appl. n/a n/a

SLB Solomon Islands

LKA Sri Lanka 66 96 66

TJK Tajikistan 36 137 36

THA Thailand 80 54 80
TLS Timor-Leste

TON Tonga

TKM Turkmenistan

TUV Tuvalu

UZB Uzbekistan

VUT Vanuatu

VNM Viet Nam 63 104 63

HKG Hong Kong, China 65 98 65

TWN Taipei,China 73 81 73

IRN Iran (Islamic Republic of) 85 42 85

RUS Russian Federation 86 41 86

Rest of Asia
Global
two elements: (1) a measure of the average speed of a driving itinerary connecting the 10 or more largest cities in an economy

Income Group (World Bank)

Annex I or Non-Annex I
ndix%20C.pdf

OECD Country

ADB Member
Subregion
Region

G20
Southern
Asia Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
Asia
Upper middle
Asia Western Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
income
Australia and
Oceania High income Annex I OECD Yes Yes
New Zealand
Upper middle
Asia Western Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
income
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
Asia income
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
Asia income
South-
Asia High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
Eastern Asia
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Asia Eastern Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes Yes
income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
income
Upper middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
income
Upper middle
Asia Western Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
income
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes Yes
Asia income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes Yes
Eastern Asia income
Asia Eastern Asia High income Annex I OECD Yes Yes
Upper middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
income
 Lower middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
income
Lower middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
Eastern Asia income
South- Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
Eastern Asia income
Southern Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
Asia income
Upper middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
income
Lower middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
income
Lower middle
Asia Eastern Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
income
Upper middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
income
Southern
Asia Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
Asia
Australia and
Oceania High income Annex I OECD No Yes
New Zealand
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
Asia income
Oceania Micronesia High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
Lower middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
Eastern Asia income
Asia Eastern Asia High income Non-Annex I OECD Yes Yes
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
income
South-
Asia High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
Eastern Asia
Lower middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
income
Southern Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
Asia income
Asia Central Asia Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
South- Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
Eastern Asia income
 South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
income
Upper middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
income
Lower middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
income
Lower middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No Yes
Eastern Asia income
Asia Eastern Asia High income - Non-OECD No Yes
Asia Eastern Asia High income - Non-OECD No Yes
Southern Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No No
Asia income
Eastern Upper middle
Europe Annex I Non-OECD Yes No
Europe income
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Least Developed Countries

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
UNCRD Members

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
SIDS

Yes
Yes
LandLocked

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)

Yes
BIMP-EAGA

Yes
Yes Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
t cities in an economy accounting for at least 15% of the economy’s total population; and (2) a measure of road straightness. Th
Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes

No Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

No Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes

No Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

No Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes
Yes

No Yes

No Yes Yes
 Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT)

Yes
South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

Yes
Yes
Yes
Central and West Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Department

South Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Department

East Asia Department

Yes
Pacific Department

Yes
Yes
South East Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Department
ure of road straightness. The itinerary was not optimized and connects the cities from the largest to the smallest. Any leg involv
 Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes
 Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes
Yes

Yes
the smallest. Any leg involving a ferry was excluded from the average speed calculation. As a first step to the identification of ci
p to the identification of cities to include in the itinerary, pairwise distances (“as the crow flies”) were calculated, and when the d
calculated, and when the distance was less than 20 kilometres, the smallest city in the pair was excluded. The road straightness c
The road straightness corresponds to the ratio of the sum of driving distances between each city in the journey to the sum of cr
he journey to the sum of crow-fly distances between each city in the journey.
 Indicator Liner Shipping Connectivity Index
Indicator ATO Code ACC-NRC-005
(e) The average size in TEU (Twenty-Foot-equivalent Units) of the ships deployed by the
Description and (f) The number of other countries that are connected to the country through direct l
Scope Regional
Mode Shipping/Waterways/Navigation
Sector Freight
Unit Index, maximum value in 2004 = 100
Indicator Source Code
Source UNCTAD
Website https://unctadstat.unctad.org/wds/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=92

Code ADB members, plus Iran and Russia 2004 2005 2006

AFG Afghanistan

ARM Armenia

AUS Australia 27 28 28

AZE Azerbaijan

BGD Bangladesh 5 5 8

BTN Bhutan

BRN Brunei Darussalam 4 3 4

KHM Cambodia 4 3 4

CHN China 100 108 100

COK Cook Islands

FJI Fiji 8 8 11

GEO Georgia 3 4 5

IND India

IDN Indonesia 26 29 32

JPN Japan 69 67 75

KAZ Kazakhstan
KIR Kiribati

KGZ Kyrgyzstan

LAO Lao People’s Democratic Republic

MYS Malaysia 63 65 65

MDV Maldives 4 4 3

MHL Marshall Islands 3 4 4

FSM Micronesia (Federated States of)

MNG Mongolia

MMR Myanmar 3 2 4

NIU Niue

NRU Nauru

NPL Nepal

NZL New Zealand 21 21 23

PAK Pakistan 20 21 26

PLW Palau 1 1 3

PNG Papua New Guinea 7 6 10

PHL Philippines 15 16 19

KOR Republic of Korea 69 73 68

WSM Samoa

SGP Singapore 82 84 80

SLB Solomon Islands 4 4 7

LKA Sri Lanka 35 33 34

TJK Tajikistan

THA Thailand 31 32 38
TLS Timor-Leste 2

TON Tonga 4 5 7

TKM Turkmenistan

TUV Tuvalu

UZB Uzbekistan

VUT Vanuatu 4 4 7

VNM Viet Nam 13 14 21

HKG Hong Kong, China 94 97 84

TWN Taipei,China

IRN Iran (Islamic Republic of) 14 14 21

RUS Russian Federation 12 13 20

Rest of Asia
Global
 the ships deployed by the scheduled service with the largest average vessel size;
he country through direct liner shipping services

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

29 31 31 31 33 31 31 34 33 34 33

10 8 8 7 8 8 8 10 11 12 12

4 4 4 5 6 5 5 5 5 9 6

4 7 5 6 6 4 6 6 8 9 9

111 123 117 121 133 131 129 135 139 142 140

12 14 14 13 14 12 14 14 13 12 13

4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

32 33 35 33 34 34 36 35 36 34 43

75 74 70 72 72 67 67 65 75 77 69
75 73 78 72 87 88 87 91 92 95 91

4 3 6 6 7 3 8 8 3 7 3

5 4 5 4 4 5 7 5 6 6 8

3 5 5 6 6 6 7 8 9 11 9

1 1 2 2 2 2

25 24 23 21 21 21 22 24 23 22 34

28 28 27 32 31 27 29 28 33 34 33

3 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4

10 11 11 9 9 10 12 12 13 12 13

19 19 20 21 23 21 24 26 22 28 28

70 73 75 75 89 90 90 94 98 100 99

83 86 84 92 98 98 96 94 101 102 102

6 6 9 6 8 9 10 11 11 11 11

40 40 36 37 40 41 40 44 49 54 61

38 36 35 40 39 38 39 41 43 45 42
1 1 2 2 3 5 6 7 6 3 3

6 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 6 7 8

2 1 1 3 4 3 3 3 2

7 7 7 3 6 6 9 9 9 9 9

22 25 24 41 48 47 42 42 48 60 58

90 98 89 91 96 92 91 93 94 91 89

27 19 27 30 28 25 24 19 20 31 37

21 23 29 29 29 45 45 47 47 44 41
 Income Group (World Bank)

Annex I or Non-Annex I
Subregion
Region

2018 2019
Southern
Asia Low income Non-Annex I
Asia
Upper middle
Asia Western Asia Non-Annex I
income
Australia and
34 34 Oceania High income Annex I
New Zealand
Upper middle
Asia Western Asia Non-Annex I
income
Southern Lower middle
13 13 Asia Non-Annex I
Asia income
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I
Asia income
South-
5 8 Asia High income Non-Annex I
Eastern Asia
South- Lower middle
8 8 Asia Non-Annex I
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
151 152 Asia Eastern Asia Non-Annex I
income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I
income
Upper middle
13 11 Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I
income
Upper middle
7 7 Asia Western Asia Non-Annex I
income
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I
Asia income
South- Lower middle
46 44 Asia Non-Annex I
Eastern Asia income
71 71 Asia Eastern Asia High income Annex I
Upper middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I
income
 Lower middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I
income
Lower middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I
Eastern Asia income
South- Upper middle
94 94 Asia Non-Annex I
Eastern Asia income
Southern Upper middle
7 7 Asia Non-Annex I
Asia income
Upper middle
7 5 Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I
income
Lower middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I
income
Lower middle
Asia Eastern Asia Non-Annex I
income
South- Lower middle
10 8 Asia Non-Annex I
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I
income
Upper middle
2 2 Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I
income
Southern
Asia Low income Non-Annex I
Asia
Australia and
23 32 Oceania High income Annex I
New Zealand
Southern Lower middle
35 34 Asia Non-Annex I
Asia income
4 3 Oceania Micronesia High income Non-Annex I
Lower middle
13 13 Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I
income
South- Lower middle
29 31 Asia Non-Annex I
Eastern Asia income
102 105 Asia Eastern Asia High income Non-Annex I
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I
income
South-
111 108 Asia High income Non-Annex I
Eastern Asia
Lower middle
11 11 Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I
income
Southern Upper middle
63 62 Asia Non-Annex I
Asia income
Asia Central Asia Low income Non-Annex I
South- Upper middle
45 53 Asia Non-Annex I
Eastern Asia income
 South- Lower middle
3 3 Asia Non-Annex I
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
8 8 Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I
income
Upper middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I
income
Upper middle
2 2 Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I
income
Lower middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I
income
Lower middle
8 8 Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I
income
South- Lower middle
60 67 Asia Non-Annex I
Eastern Asia income
94 89 Asia Eastern Asia High income -
Asia Eastern Asia High income -
Southern Upper middle
38 20 Asia Non-Annex I
Asia income
Eastern Upper middle
44 38 Europe Annex I
Europe income
 South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
Least Developed Countries

Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)

UNCRD Members
OECD Country

ADB Member

LandLocked
SIDS
G20

Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes

OECD Yes Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD Yes Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No

Non-OECD Yes Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD Yes Yes No Yes Yes

OECD Yes Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

OECD Yes Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No Yes Yes

Non-OECD No No No Yes

Non-OECD Yes No No Yes Yes

 Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)

Yes
BIMP-EAGA

Yes
Yes
Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT)

Yes
South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

Yes
Yes
Yes
Central and West Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Department

South Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Department

East Asia Department

Yes
Pacific Department

Yes
Yes
 Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

 Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes
Yes

Yes
 South East Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Department
Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes
Yes

Yes
 Indicator Liner Shipping Bilateral Connectivity Index
Indicator ATO Code ACC-NRC-006
Description UNCTAD's Liner Shipping Bilateral Connectivity Index is meant to reflect specifically the liner
Scope Regional
Mode Shipping/Waterways/Navigation
Sector Freight
Unit
Indicator Source Code
Source UNCTAD
Website http://unctadstat.unctad.org/wds/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=96618

AUS BGD KHM CHN

Code ADB members, plus Iran and Russia Australia Bangladesh Cambodia China

AUS Australia _ 0.25 0.22 0.50

BGD Bangladesh 0.25 _ 0.19 0.31

KHM Cambodia 0.22 0.19 _ 0.30

CHN China 0.50 0.31 0.30 _

HKG China, Hong Kong SAR 0.43 0.29 0.28 0.75

TWN China, Taiwan Province of 0.46 0.30 0.28 0.74

COK Cook Islands 0.17 0.09 0.09 0.19

FJI Fiji 0.32 0.20 0.19 0.34

GEO Georgia 0.19 0.11 0.11 0.22

IND India

IDN Indonesia 0.36 0.24 0.21 0.42

IRN Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.28 0.20 0.18 0.38

JPN Japan 0.43 0.25 0.27 0.66

KOR Korea, Republic of 0.47 0.30 0.28 0.85

MYS Malaysia 0.45 0.33 0.28 0.75

MDV Maldives 0.20 0.19 0.17 0.22

MHL Marshall Islands 0.20 0.17 0.17 0.29

FSM Micronesia (Federated States of) 0.19 0.17 0.17 0.29

MMR Myanmar 0.23 0.26 0.19 0.30

NZL New Zealand 0.41 0.22 0.21 0.47

PAK Pakistan 0.34 0.25 0.21 0.49

PNG Papua New Guinea 0.32 0.20 0.20 0.33

PHL Philippines 0.31 0.24 0.21 0.44

RUS Russian Federation 0.36 0.23 0.22 0.46

WSM Samoa 0.28 0.18 0.18 0.31

SGP Singapore 0.48 0.34 0.29 0.79

SLB Solomon Islands 0.32 0.20 0.19 0.34

LKA Sri Lanka 0.42 0.29 0.22 0.65

THA Thailand 0.39 0.27 0.28 0.52

TLS Timor-Leste 0.23 0.15 0.15 0.18

TON Tonga 0.28 0.18 0.18 0.31

VUT Vanuatu 0.28 0.18 0.18 0.31

VNM Viet Nam 0.35 0.28 0.27 0.63

lect specifically the liner shipping connectivity between pairs of countries.

HKG TWN COK FJI GEO IND IDN

China, Hong Kong SAR China, Taiwan Province of Cook Islands Fiji Georgia India Indonesia

0.43 0.46 0.17 0.32 0.19 0.36

0.29 0.30 0.09 0.20 0.11 0.24

0.28 0.28 0.09 0.19 0.11 0.21

0.75 0.74 0.19 0.34 0.22 0.42

_ 0.60 0.17 0.30 0.20 0.43

0.60 _ 0.18 0.32 0.20 0.38

0.17 0.18 _ 0.23 0.02 0.16

0.30 0.32 0.23 _ 0.11 0.22

0.20 0.20 0.02 0.11 _ 0.18

0.43 0.38 0.16 0.22 0.18 _

0.30 0.37 0.09 0.19 0.18 0.25

0.56 0.53 0.18 0.32 0.19 0.36

0.70 0.64 0.18 0.34 0.21 0.38

0.65 0.63 0.18 0.26 0.21 0.46

0.21 0.21 0.08 0.18 0.10 0.19

0.28 0.21 0.15 0.26 0.09 0.18

0.27 0.21 0.15 0.26 0.09 0.18

0.29 0.29 0.09 0.20 0.11 0.26

0.43 0.45 0.24 0.32 0.12 0.31

0.41 0.41 0.10 0.22 0.18 0.33

0.30 0.32 0.16 0.29 0.11 0.29

0.38 0.38 0.16 0.29 0.17 0.32

0.39 0.41 0.10 0.24 0.27 0.33

0.22 0.30 0.23 0.29 0.10 0.20

0.67 0.62 0.18 0.33 0.21 0.49

0.30 0.32 0.17 0.31 0.11 0.28

0.52 0.58 0.10 0.24 0.20 0.39

0.49 0.46 0.16 0.30 0.18 0.43

0.17 0.17 0.08 0.16 0.08 0.23

0.22 0.30 0.23 0.29 0.10 0.20

0.23 0.30 0.16 0.28 0.11 0.21

0.57 0.53 0.10 0.23 0.19 0.42

 IRN JPN KOR MYS MDV MHL
Iran (Islamic Republic of) Japan Korea, Republic of Malaysia Maldives Marshall Islands

0.28 0.43 0.47 0.45 0.20 0.20

0.20 0.25 0.30 0.33 0.19 0.17

0.18 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.17 0.17

0.38 0.66 0.85 0.75 0.22 0.29

0.30 0.56 0.70 0.65 0.21 0.28

0.37 0.53 0.64 0.63 0.21 0.21

0.09 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.08 0.15

0.19 0.32 0.34 0.26 0.18 0.26

0.18 0.19 0.21 0.21 0.10 0.09

0.25 0.36 0.38 0.46 0.19 0.18

_ 0.28 0.32 0.38 0.19 0.17

0.28 _ 0.63 0.53 0.20 0.27

0.32 0.63 _ 0.71 0.21 0.28

0.38 0.53 0.71 _ 0.28 0.21

0.19 0.20 0.21 0.28 _ 0.09

0.17 0.27 0.28 0.21 0.09 _

0.17 0.27 0.28 0.20 0.09 0.25

0.18 0.23 0.29 0.31 0.17 0.17

0.25 0.43 0.45 0.40 0.19 0.19

0.34 0.38 0.44 0.48 0.20 0.19

0.20 0.31 0.33 0.32 0.18 0.25

0.24 0.34 0.41 0.39 0.19 0.19

0.28 0.35 0.46 0.43 0.20 0.20

0.18 0.29 0.31 0.23 0.10 0.18

0.33 0.51 0.75 0.79 0.28 0.21

0.20 0.33 0.34 0.31 0.17 0.25

0.35 0.48 0.51 0.65 0.27 0.20

0.28 0.41 0.47 0.50 0.20 0.19

0.09 0.17 0.18 0.17 0.15 0.08

0.18 0.29 0.31 0.23 0.10 0.18

0.19 0.30 0.31 0.23 0.11 0.18

0.27 0.41 0.55 0.55 0.20 0.19

 FSM MMR NZL PAK PNG PHL
Micronesia (Federated States of) Myanmar New Zealand Pakistan Papua New Guinea Philippines

0.19 0.23 0.41 0.34 0.32 0.31

0.17 0.26 0.22 0.25 0.20 0.24

0.17 0.19 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.21

0.29 0.30 0.47 0.49 0.33 0.44

0.27 0.29 0.43 0.41 0.30 0.38

0.21 0.29 0.45 0.41 0.32 0.38

0.15 0.09 0.24 0.10 0.16 0.16

0.26 0.20 0.32 0.22 0.29 0.29

0.09 0.11 0.12 0.18 0.11 0.17

0.18 0.26 0.31 0.33 0.29 0.32

0.17 0.18 0.25 0.34 0.20 0.24

0.27 0.23 0.43 0.38 0.31 0.34

0.28 0.29 0.45 0.44 0.33 0.41

0.20 0.31 0.40 0.48 0.32 0.39

0.09 0.17 0.19 0.20 0.18 0.19

0.25 0.17 0.19 0.19 0.25 0.19

_ 0.17 0.19 0.18 0.25 0.19

0.17 _ 0.22 0.22 0.20 0.27

0.19 0.22 _ 0.32 0.30 0.30

0.18 0.22 0.32 _ 0.22 0.29

0.25 0.20 0.30 0.22 _ 0.28

0.19 0.27 0.30 0.29 0.28 _

0.19 0.22 0.29 0.33 0.23 0.32

0.17 0.18 0.28 0.20 0.20 0.20

0.21 0.31 0.41 0.49 0.32 0.41

0.25 0.20 0.31 0.22 0.30 0.23

0.19 0.27 0.35 0.44 0.24 0.32

0.19 0.28 0.32 0.36 0.29 0.34

0.08 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16

0.17 0.18 0.28 0.20 0.20 0.20

0.18 0.18 0.29 0.20 0.27 0.21

0.18 0.28 0.34 0.37 0.23 0.33

 RUS WSM SGP SLB LKA THA TLS TON VUT
Russian Federation Samoa Singapore Solomon Islands Sri Lanka Thailand Timor-Leste Tonga Vanuatu

0.36 0.28 0.48 0.32 0.42 0.39 0.23 0.28 0.28

0.23 0.18 0.34 0.20 0.29 0.27 0.15 0.18 0.18

0.22 0.18 0.29 0.19 0.22 0.28 0.15 0.18 0.18

0.46 0.31 0.79 0.34 0.65 0.52 0.18 0.31 0.31

0.39 0.22 0.67 0.30 0.52 0.49 0.17 0.22 0.23

0.41 0.30 0.62 0.32 0.58 0.46 0.17 0.30 0.30

0.10 0.23 0.18 0.17 0.10 0.16 0.08 0.23 0.16

0.24 0.29 0.33 0.31 0.24 0.30 0.16 0.29 0.28

0.27 0.10 0.21 0.11 0.20 0.18 0.08 0.10 0.11

0.33 0.20 0.49 0.28 0.39 0.43 0.23 0.20 0.21

0.28 0.18 0.33 0.20 0.35 0.28 0.09 0.18 0.19

0.35 0.29 0.51 0.33 0.48 0.41 0.17 0.29 0.30

0.46 0.31 0.75 0.34 0.51 0.47 0.18 0.31 0.31

0.43 0.23 0.79 0.31 0.65 0.50 0.17 0.23 0.23

0.20 0.10 0.28 0.17 0.27 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.11

0.20 0.18 0.21 0.25 0.20 0.19 0.08 0.18 0.18

0.19 0.17 0.21 0.25 0.19 0.19 0.08 0.17 0.18

0.22 0.18 0.31 0.20 0.27 0.28 0.15 0.18 0.18

0.29 0.28 0.41 0.31 0.35 0.32 0.16 0.28 0.29

0.33 0.20 0.49 0.22 0.44 0.36 0.16 0.20 0.20

0.23 0.20 0.32 0.30 0.24 0.29 0.16 0.20 0.27

0.32 0.20 0.41 0.23 0.32 0.34 0.16 0.20 0.21

_ 0.21 0.44 0.24 0.38 0.34 0.16 0.21 0.21

0.21 _ 0.23 0.28 0.21 0.21 0.15 0.28 0.27

0.44 0.23 _ 0.31 0.61 0.56 0.24 0.23 0.24

0.24 0.28 0.31 _ 0.24 0.29 0.16 0.28 0.28

0.38 0.21 0.61 0.24 _ 0.49 0.17 0.21 0.22

0.34 0.21 0.56 0.29 0.49 _ 0.17 0.21 0.22

0.16 0.15 0.24 0.16 0.17 0.17 _ 0.15 0.15

0.21 0.28 0.23 0.28 0.21 0.21 0.15 _ 0.27

0.21 0.27 0.24 0.28 0.22 0.22 0.15 0.27 _

0.36 0.21 0.59 0.23 0.50 0.52 0.17 0.21 0.21

 Income Group (World Bank)

Annex I or Non-Annex I

OECD Country
Subregion
Region

VNM
Viet Nam
Southern
0.35 Asia Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Asia
Upper middle
0.28 Asia Western Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Australia and
0.27 Oceania High income Annex I OECD
New Zealand
Upper middle
0.63 Asia Western Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Southern Lower middle
0.57 Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Asia income
Southern Lower middle
0.53 Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Asia income
South-
0.10 Asia High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Eastern Asia
South- Lower middle
0.23 Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
0.19 Asia Eastern Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Upper middle
0.42 Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Upper middle
0.27 Asia Western Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Southern Lower middle
0.41 Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Asia income
South- Lower middle
0.55 Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Eastern Asia income
0.55 Asia Eastern Asia High income Annex I OECD
Upper middle
0.20 Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
 Lower middle
0.19 Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Lower middle
0.18 Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
South- Lower middle
0.28 Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Eastern Asia income
South- Upper middle
0.34 Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Eastern Asia income
Southern Upper middle
0.37 Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Asia income
Upper middle
0.23 Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Lower middle
0.33 Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Lower middle
0.36 Asia Eastern Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
South- Lower middle
0.21 Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
0.59 Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Upper middle
0.23 Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Southern
0.50 Asia Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Asia
Australia and
0.52 Oceania High income Annex I OECD
New Zealand
Southern Lower middle
0.17 Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Asia income
0.21 Oceania Micronesia High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Lower middle
0.21 Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
South- Lower middle
_ Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Eastern Asia income
Asia Eastern Asia High income Non-Annex I OECD
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
South-
Asia High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Eastern Asia
Lower middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Southern Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Asia income
Asia Central Asia Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD
South- Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Eastern Asia income
 South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Upper middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Lower middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
Lower middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Eastern Asia income
Asia Eastern Asia High income - Non-OECD
Asia Eastern Asia High income - Non-OECD
Southern Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD
Asia income
Eastern Upper middle
Europe Annex I Non-OECD
Europe income
 G20

No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
ADB Member

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Least Developed Countries

No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
UNCRD Members

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
SIDS

Yes
Yes
LandLocked

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)

Yes
No Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes

No Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes

No Yes Yes
No Yes Yes

No No No Yes

Yes No No Yes Yes

 BIMP-EAGA

Yes
Yes
Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT)

Yes
South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

Yes
Yes
Yes
Central and West Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Department

South Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Department

East Asia Department

Yes
Pacific Department

Yes
Yes
South East Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Department
 Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes
 Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes
Yes

Yes
 Indicator Remoteness Index
Indicator ATO Code ACC-ACG-001
Description The average distance to world markets is in km, the adjusted value is an index based on
Scope National
Mode NA
Sector NA
Unit
Indicator Source Code
Source UN (EVI data)
Website https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/evi-indicators

Code ADB members, plus Iran and Russia Kilometers Index

AFG Afghanistan 4058 52

ARM Armenia 2929 35

AUS Australia

AZE Azerbaijan 3191 39

BGD Bangladesh 4205 39

BTN Bhutan 4070 52

BRN Brunei Darussalam 5518 53

KHM Cambodia 4819 46

CHN China 3848 34

COK Cook Islands

FJI Fiji 9940 83

GEO Georgia 2892 19

IND India

IDN Indonesia 6124 58

JPN Japan

KAZ Kazakhstan 3917 50

KIR Kiribati 8728 76

KGZ Kyrgyzstan 3903 50

LAO Lao People’s Democratic Republic 4441 56

MYS Malaysia 5325 51

MDV Maldives 5567 53

MHL Marshall Islands 8338 74

FSM Micronesia (Federated States of) 7831 71

MNG Mongolia 3921 50

MMR Myanmar 4503 42

NIU Niue

NRU Nauru 8670 76

NPL Nepal 4097 52

NZL New Zealand

PAK Pakistan 4064 37

PLW Palau 6308 60

PNG Papua New Guinea 8252 74

PHL Philippines 5097 49

KOR Republic of Korea 4344 40

WSM Samoa 9567 81

SGP Singapore 5474 52

SLB Solomon Islands 8945 78

LKA Sri Lanka 5264 50

TJK Tajikistan 3943 50

THA Thailand 4650 44

TLS Timor-Leste 6998 65

TON Tonga 10218 85

TKM Turkmenistan 3715 47

TUV Tuvalu 9421 80

UZB Uzbekistan 3886 49

VUT Vanuatu 9718 82

VNM Viet Nam 4317 40

HKG Hong Kong, China

TWN Taipei,China

IRN Iran (Islamic Republic of) 3461 28

RUS Russian Federation

Rest of Asia
Global
alue is an index based on average distance and landlockedness. Remoteness is defined as the tradeweighted average of the dista

Income Group (World Bank)

Annex I or Non-Annex I
ntry-category/evi-indicators

OECD Country
Subregion
Region

G20
Southern
Asia Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Asia
Upper middle
Asia Western Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Australia and
Oceania High income Annex I OECD Yes
New Zealand
Upper middle
Asia Western Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Asia income
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Asia income
South-
Asia High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Asia Eastern Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes
income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Upper middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Upper middle
Asia Western Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes
Asia income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD Yes
Eastern Asia income
Asia Eastern Asia High income Annex I OECD Yes
Upper middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
 Lower middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Lower middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia income
South- Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia income
Southern Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Asia income
Upper middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Lower middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Lower middle
Asia Eastern Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Upper middle
Oceania Micronesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Southern
Asia Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Asia
Australia and
Oceania High income Annex I OECD No
New Zealand
Southern Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Asia income
Oceania Micronesia High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Lower middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia income
Asia Eastern Asia High income Non-Annex I OECD Yes
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
South-
Asia High income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia
Lower middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Southern Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Asia income
Asia Central Asia Low income Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
South- Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia income
 South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Upper middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Upper middle
Oceania Polynesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Lower middle
Asia Central Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
Lower middle
Oceania Melanesia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
income
South- Lower middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Eastern Asia income
Asia Eastern Asia High income - Non-OECD No
Asia Eastern Asia High income - Non-OECD No
Southern Upper middle
Asia Non-Annex I Non-OECD No
Asia income
Eastern Upper middle
Europe Annex I Non-OECD Yes
Europe income
 ADB Member

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Least Developed Countries

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
UNCRD Members

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
SIDS

Yes
Yes
hted average of the distance from world markets.

LandLocked

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)

Yes
BIMP-EAGA

Yes
Yes
Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes
Yes Yes

No No Yes

No No Yes Yes
 Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT)

Yes
South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC)

Yes
Yes
Yes
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

Yes
Yes
Yes
Central and West Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Department

South Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Department

East Asia Department

Yes
Pacific Department

Yes
Yes
South East Asia

Yes
Yes
Yes
Department
 Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes
 Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes

Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes
Yes

Yes