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Real Reading 3: Creating An Authentic Reading Experience
Real Reading 3: Creating An Authentic Reading Experience
REAL READING 3
Creating an Authentic
Reading Experience
LY NN BONESTEEL
Series Consultant
PAUL NATION
Real Reading 3
Teacher’s Manual
Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or
by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.
Pearson Education, 10 Bank Street, White Plains, NY 10606.
Model Lesson Plan by Colin Ward
Staff credits: The people who made up the Real Reading 3 team, representing editorial, production, design,
and manufacturing, are Pietro Alongi, Dave Dickey, Nancy Flaggman, Ann France, Barry Katzen, Dana Klinek,
Amy McCormick, Martha McGaughey, Joan Poole, Robert Ruvo, Debbie Sistino, Katherine Sullivan, and Jennifer Stem.
ISBN-10: 0137144466
ISBN-13: 9780137144464
1
CHAP-
CONTENTS
Unit Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1
1 Move Over, Hollywood! Previewing/
Predicting/
Parts of Speech: Making Word
Skimming
2 Marketing the Future: Review Cards
Pop Culture Trends in Scanning
Pop Culture
the BRICs
Understanding
5 Your Second Life Text
3 Organization —
Process
Preparing a
Collocations
Finding the
Core Meaning
of Words:
Doing Real 6 Virtual Reality: Example
Graphic
Business in the A Powerful Tool Sentences
Organizer or
Virtual World Outline to
Study From
7 Choosing To Be
4
Writing a
Different Finding the
Summary
Core Meaning
The Suffix -free
of Words: Using
Recognizing
8 Welcome to Leisureville a Dictionary
Checking Out Point of View
5 9 Reading Colors
Understanding
Analogies
Adverb
Placement:
Adverbs that
Modify Verbs
Guessing
Meaning from
Context
Great Minds 10 Not Enough Points on
the Chicken
6
Understanding
Geckos’ Feet Understanding
Text Using the
the Meaning of
Organization — Keyword
Compound
Compare/ Technique
Words
Creature Feature 12 Creature Comforts Contrast
7
Identifying
13 Trends in Tourism Using a
Purpose
Dictionary to
Core Meanings Find the Core
Understanding
14 Just Back: High Tide in Meaning of
Getting Away Descriptive
La Serenissima Related Words
From It All Language
Making
15 A Blossom Lunch Inferences Using Word
9 17 Widows
10 Placement
Recognizing
Text References
Collocations
Using a
Dictionary to
Find
Collocations
Business
Russian Market
11 21 Symbiosis
Understanding
Definitions
The Adjective
Suffixes: -ing
and -ed
Choosing
Words to Learn:
Field-specific
Biology: The 22 Mixing It Up Skimming Terminology
Science of Life
12 Work
Each unit begins with a thought-provoking opener that introduces students to the unit theme,
elicits vocabulary relevant to the theme, and includes discussion questions to activate
students’ prior knowledge and stimulate interest.
• Ask students to silently read the discussion questions. Answer any questions the students
have. Then elicit one possible answer for the first discussion question. Give students a few
minutes to read the discussion questions.
• Have students label everything that they see in the pictures. If they do not know a word in
English, they should look it up in a translation dictionary or ask the instructor or a
classmate.
• Have students form pairs or small groups to discuss their answers. Tell them they will
report at least one of their answers to the class. Instruct them to write any new words they
encounter on the New Words pages in the back of the book.
• After 10 minutes, ask several students to share their answers.
Prepare to Read
This section previews words and phrases that students will encounter in the reading. Students
reflect on what they already know and then answer questions about the topic.
• Tell students that they will be learning new vocabulary that they need for the readings in
the chapter and reading in general. Explain that learning a word is a gradual, cumulative
process, and that this activity is designed to raise their awareness of what it means to
know a word. Although some of the words in the list may be familiar to students, that
does not necessarily mean that they know the word well enough to be able to use it in
their own speech and writing. Conversely, they might be able to pronounce and spell the
word perfectly, and yet not really know what it means.
• Tell them that almost all of the vocabulary words that are targeted in this book are
high-frequency words, so they are very useful for English language learners. Tell students
they will see these words in general texts like magazines and newspapers, as well as in
academic texts like textbooks and journal articles.
• Have students complete the vocabulary exercise without using a dictionary. Tell them to
pay close attention to what they already know about the words, as well as what they need
to learn.
• Have students compare their answers with a partner. Walk around the class to monitor
discussions. Listen for students’ knowledge of the words. Make notes on any particular
problems or misunderstandings you notice so that you can focus on them later.
• Bring the class together. Pronounce all targeted words for students, and have students
repeat after you. Refer to the Pronunciation Table at the back of the book as necessary.
List the vocabulary on the board. Ask for volunteers from each group to write stress
markers and example sentences for the target vocabulary on the board. Then bring the
class together and elicit corrections if necessary.
Variations
• On the board, write important or useful vocabulary that you hear.
• When responding to students, incorporate the target vocabulary items from the unit in
your responses. Ask follow-up questions that use the target items.
Variations
• Assign two students to prepare a short 2–3 minute lesson that describes what the skill is,
when it is used, and why it is helpful. Have students present the lesson and answer
questions that the class has. Monitor as necessary. Have students take the class through
Exercise C to check answers.
• Offer examples of using the skill by bringing in other texts or using texts you have found
online. Make the texts short, simple, and level-appropriate.
• Have students keep a Reading Skill log that lists the reading skills from the book in one
column, a short definition of the skill in the second column, its occurrence (pre-, during,
post-reading) in the third column, and a blank fourth column for the number of times they
use the skill. As students read the texts in the book or outside texts, have them keep track
of the skills they are using by putting a checkmark () every time they use a skill.
• Have students complete the exercise. Encourage students to refer to the reading to find the
answers.
• Go over the exercise as a class and answer any questions.
• Ask students to explain how the skill helped them find the correct answers and why it
helps improve their reading comprehension.
Variations
• Have students complete the exercise for homework. Have them compare their answers
with a partner or group members. Ask several students to report their answers.
• Have students answer the questions individually and raise their hands when they think
they have the correct answers. Circulate through the room and check students’ answers.
Explain any missing answers, and ask students with correct answers to report their
answers to the class.
Each unit contains two major readings. Vocabulary is tightly controlled, and target words are
recycled from one chapter to the next within a unit and from unit to unit.
• Preview the reading by looking at the title, subtitles, illustrations, and boldfaced target
vocabulary. Have students guess the topic, main idea, and purpose of the reading from
their previewing.
• Tell students to read each reading two or three times.
• Encourage students not to use a dictionary the first time they read because it interrupts the
reading comprehension process. Tell students to focus on main ideas during the first read
even if some words are unfamiliar. The second time, have students reread and mark
Variations
• Have students read the text for homework. Tell students to follow the above system of
reading, and be prepared to respond to questions about the main ideas and details of the
reading.
• Begin discussion of the reading by writing a question on the board about a main idea of
the text. Give students a few minutes to answer the question with a partner with their
books closed.
• Play the audio recording of the reading. Have students read along silently as they listen to
the audio.
• Using the audio recording, play a selected section of the reading. Have students retell the
main point of the section in small groups or as a class.
• Give students 10–15 minutes to read the essay or article in class for timed-reading
practice. Explain that research has shown that if readers push themselves to read at a
faster than comfortable rate, they often have a higher comprehension of the reading. Have
students use a large index card or folded white paper to cover up the lines in the reading,
moving the card or paper downward on the page as they read. Students can time
themselves by recording their start and end times, and calculating their reading rate using
this formula (the number of words in each reading is provided in the Unit Notes):
number of words in reading ⴜ total time in seconds 60 ⴝ words per minute
This will motivate students to increase their reading speed. Do not let them use
dictionaries.
• Have students take turns retelling the main points of a reading as a whole or paragraph by
paragraph to a partner. Circulate through the room, assisting students with difficult
passages. Especially difficult passages may merit a whole-class discussion.
• Have students write a “one-minute” summary of the introduction (or another section) of a
reading as a type of pop quiz. Teachers may wish to collect the summaries and grade
them, especially with students who are not keeping up with reading assignments.
• Assign small groups the task of carefully rereading sections of a reading. One group
member should be prepared to explain the gist of the section to the entire class, with other
group members taking notes on main points, and still others using a dictionary to make
word cards on difficult target vocabulary from the passage.
• Have students complete a graphic organizer based on the ideas in a reading. Helpful
organizers include Venn diagrams, KWL charts (what I know, what I want to learn, what I
learned), and timelines.
• Divide the reading into four or five parts. Assign one group of students for each part. Have
each group make a poster that identifies the main idea of the section and lists any
important vocabulary with definitions or example sentences. Students can also draw a
picture or symbol that represents the main idea of their section. Have each group present
their poster to the rest of the class.
This section gives students an opportunity to focus on the meaning of the target vocabulary
before completing the comprehension activities.
• Have students complete the exercise for homework.
• Have students check answers with a partner. Circulate and answer questions.
• Go over the answers with the class. Write the target vocabulary words on the board.
• Practice group and then individual drilling of words that are challenging for students to
pronounce. Indicate stressed syllables on the board.
Variations
• Have students complete the exercise with a partner or small group. Circulate through the
room, assisting students with any items they have difficulty with.
• Ask students to identify grammatical clues in the items. For example, if the blank is
preceded by an article—a, an, or the—the item is likely a noun. If the blank is preceded
by a subject, the item is likely a verb. Have students notice the grammatical clues in the
items as well determine the part of speech for each word.
• Have students look back at the reading to identify collocations with the boldfaced target
vocabulary. Have them write sentences about the reading using three to five collocations.
Bring in collocations dictionaries for students to reference in small groups as they write
their sentences, or make photocopies of particular entries you want them to focus on.
Have students write example sentences on the board. Answer any questions students have.
The reading goal gives students a purpose for rereading the text before completing the
comprehension activities. Engaging and varied exercises help students achieve the reading
goal. Target vocabulary is recycled, giving students additional exposure to high-frequency
words and expressions.
• Emphasize to students the importance of second and third readings. Tell them that each
time they read, they should have a particular goal in mind. Offer examples of times you
have read with different goals and purposes in mind. Ask students for their own examples.
• Have students look at the Reading Goal for the reading. Ask students how they will
achieve the goal. Help them identify what strategies they can use to complete the task,
including ones previously learned. Explain that the exercises in the Comprehension Check
will help them to achieve the goal.
• Have students complete the exercises for homework.
• Have students compare their answers in pairs or small groups. Circulate and check their
answers.
• As you circulate, make note of any items students had difficulty with. Bring the class back
together to discuss the difficult items.
Each unit contains two post-reading discussion activities. A variety of activities for small-
group or pair work encourages students to use vocabulary from the current unit as well as
previous units.
• Have students preview the discussion questions. Answer any questions.
• Have students answer the questions in small groups. Tell them they will report at least one
of their answers to the class.
• Circulate and take notes on students’ responses.
• Call on students to share their answers. Encourage them to use the target vocabulary in
their responses. Write the target vocabulary on the board for reference.
Variations
• Encourage students to work with different partners for each discussion activity.
• Have students answer the questions in pairs. Assign one discussion question per pair. Then
group two pairs together to share and compare responses as a small group.
• As students share their responses in groups or with the whole class, ask follow-up
questions using the target vocabulary of the chapter. Ask students to answer in complete
sentences using the target vocabulary. Put a check mark () next to the words for each
instance students use the word in the discussion.
• After students have discussed the questions, have them write for 1–3 minutes in answer to
one of their questions. Have students exchange their writing with a partner and compare
their ideas.
• Ask students to answer the discussion questions in writing at home. Have them read their
partner’s or group members’ answers in class and discuss their answers.
There is one vocabulary skill building exercise per unit. This section offers presentation and
practice with common vocabulary skills.
• Write the name of the vocabulary skill on the board.
• Have one student read the instruction text aloud.
• Answer any questions students have about the vocabulary within the instructional text.
• Elicit the answer to the first item of the exercise as an example.
• Have students complete the exercise. Circulate to answer questions and confirm that
students comprehend the skill.
• Ask several students to report their answers to the class.
• Ask students to explain how the vocabulary skill can be useful when reading.
• Recycle previously taught vocabulary skills in future units to promote greater mastery.
Variations
• Have students answer the practice questions in pairs. Ask students to recall the skill while
going over the answers together as a class.
• Have students answer the practice questions for homework. Have them compare their
answers with a partner or group members. Ask several students to report their answers.
• Assign pairs of students to present the skill to the class.
• Have students use their dictionaries in class to find other examples of the vocabulary skill.
Use the targeted words in the unit whenever possible.
Variations
• Have students test each other using the word cards they made. Have students read or show
one side of the card and have their partner guess the other side (e.g., a word, a definition,
a picture)
• Have students use their word cards to play review games, such as charades. Divide the
class into two or three teams. Have students choose a word from their word card list to act
out in front of the class to their team. Have the team guess the word. Give each team a
point for a correct guess, marking their totals on the board.
• Have students work in groups of four or five to write a story. Have each student in the
group choose a word from their word cards. Give the groups 10–15 minutes to write a
story using all the words. If necessary, offer possible topics, such as The Best Day of My
Life, A Great Surprise, or An Unlucky Day.
Four fluency practice sections address learners’ extensive reading needs. Learners practice
fluency strategies, read passages, check comprehension, and calculate their reading times.
Fluency Progress Charts are provided at the back of the book for students to record their
reading times and Comprehension Check scores.
• Present the fluency strategy. Read through important points or call on a student to read the
strategy box aloud.
• Ask students how the strategy can improve their fluency while reading.
• Ask and answer questions to confirm that students comprehend the skill.
Variations
• Have students read the strategy box for homework. The next day, call on students to
explain the skill. Make notes on the board that define the skill, explain its purpose, and
identify its importance.
• Have students answer any discussion questions in pairs or small groups. Tell each pair or
group they will report one of their answers to the class. Elicit responses for each
discussion item from the pairs or groups.
• Have students preview the reading. Emphasize the importance of previewing and reading
with a purpose or questions in mind.
Read
A. and B. (approximately 10–20 minutes)
• Have students work individually to complete the reading and time themselves.
• If necessary, help students calculate their reading speed.
• Have students record their reading speeds in the Fluency Progress Chart at the back of
the book.
Variations
• Have students complete Exercise A (first timed reading) at home. Then have students
complete Exercise B (second timed reading) in class the next day.
• Confirm that students’ second readings were shorter in length. If not, ask students to try to
identify why it took longer. Help students identify strategies they can use to increase their
reading speed in future fluency practices.
• Have students complete the exercises individually. Circulate and answer any questions.
• Refer students to the Fluency Practice Answer Key at the back of the book. Have students
check their answers and record their scores in the Fluency Progress Chart at the back of
the book.
Variations
• Have students complete the exercises in pairs or small groups.
• For homework, have students complete the Comprehension Check exercises and check
their answers. The next day, ask students about any difficult items.
These activities appear at the back of the book and reinforce understanding of the target
vocabulary, vocabulary skills, and vocabulary learning strategies.
• Have students complete the exercises in pairs. Circulate and answer questions, but
encourage independent work.
• Encourage students not to use a dictionary to complete the exercises.
• When students finish the exercises, allow them to refer to the unit to answer any questions
they have about the vocabulary, the skill, or the strategy.
Variations
• Have students complete the exercises for homework. Have students compare their answers
in pairs or small groups.
• Use the vocabulary practice exercises as a way to extend or reinforce common vocabulary
skills taught in the book, such as roots, prefixes and suffixes, and collocations.
• Have students review their word cards. Ask students to add any new information they learned
about their words to their cards. Have students test each other using their word cards.
The reproducible tests—available in both Microsoft Word and PDF formats—appear online
in Test Master. They allow teachers to evaluate students’ progress and to identify areas where
students might have problems developing their reading and vocabulary skills. The tests
should be given upon completion of the corresponding units. Answer keys are provided to
make marking the tests as straightforward as possible.
There is a test for each of the 12 units. Every test begins with a reading that ties in with the
unit theme. The reading is followed by three parts:
• Part 1: Comprehension
The Comprehension section tests students’ understanding of the reading and their ability
to apply the reading skill(s) introduced in the unit.
• Part 2: Vocabulary
The Vocabulary section assesses students’ knowledge of the target vocabulary.
• Part 3: Vocabulary Skill Building
The Vocabulary Skill Building section tests students’ mastery of the vocabulary skill
introduced in the unit.
OVERVIEW
CHAPTER 1
In “Move Over, Hollywood!” a blogger writes about Taiwanese superstar Jay Chou, who has just
starred in his first Hollywood movie. (754 words)
Target Vocabulary: appeal, catch up with, celebrity, distraction, implication, influence, inspire,
legend, miss the boat, promote, role, sell out, slim, undeniable, unique
CHAPTER 2
“Marketing the Future: Pop Culture Trends in the BRICs” is an article from a global marketing
newsletter discussing the impact that the emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India, and China
(the BRICs) are having on popular culture. (725 words)
Target Vocabulary: contemporary, currently, explosion, luxury, marketing, motivate, movement,
resources, significant, trend, vivid
14 Unit Notes
12
UNIT
PERSONAL BEST
CHAP-
OVERVIEW
CHAPTER 3
“Running Around the World” is about the role that running plays in three very different cultures: the
elite marathoners of Kenya, the Tarahumara of Mexico, and the monks of Hiei in Japan. (756 words)
Target Vocabulary: appreciation, capacity, cycle, dramatic, elite, enormous, give someone an edge,
intense, lung, play a role, reward, rigorous, sweat
CHAPTER 4
In “Bigger Is Better, Except When It’s Not,” the writer explores the importance of body type to one’s
success in a particular sport. (889 words)
Target Vocabulary: accurate, at first glance, beneficial, championship, cross-section, exception,
horizontal, initially, load, muscle, rank, reasoning, store, stride
Unit Notes 15
13
UNIT
DOING REAL BUSINESS IN THE
CHAP-
VIRTUAL WORLD
CHAPTER 5 YOUR SECOND LIFE
CHAPTER 6 VIRTUAL REALITY: A POWERFUL TOOL
OVERVIEW
CHAPTER 5
In “Your Second Life,” the writer describes how Second Life, a popular online virtual reality game,
works and how it is possible to make real money in Second Life. (744 words)
Target Vocabulary: as far as we know, creature, digital, exchange, expense, income, merge,
property, range, roughly, toy, virtual
CHAPTER 6
“Virtual Reality: A Powerful Tool” is an article about the ways in which virtual reality is used by a
wide range of professionals, from doctors to hair stylists. (660 words)
Target Vocabulary: absorbed, ancient, attractive, destroy, likely, model, mostly, operation, perform,
spot, swallow, vehicle
16 Unit Notes
14
UNIT
CHECKING OUT
CHAP-
OVERVIEW
CHAPTER 7
“Choosing to Be Different” is about people from a variety of cultures who choose lifestyles that set
them apart from others in their societies. (714 words)
Target Vocabulary: accumulate, carefree, claustrophobic, disturb, fate, isolation, leisure, reject,
retirement, senior citizen, set apart from, uneasy, withdraw
CHAPTER 8
“Welcome to Leisureville” is about life in a retirement community in the United States. (535 words)
Target Vocabulary: catch up on, excerpt, facility, gossip, keep time, permanent, pinch, ponder,
slogan, sting, widow
Tell students to use as many target words as possible. At the end of each presentation,
encourage the class to ask the group questions.
Unit Notes 17
15
UNIT
GREAT MINDS
CHAP-
OVERVIEW
CHAPTER 9
In “Reading Colors,” two women with synesthesia describe how their synesthesia affects their
experience of the world. (824 words)
Target Vocabulary: activate, default, defective, endeavor, hesitate, hook, incorporate, intentionally,
perceive, sensation, simultaneously, wear off
CHAPTER 10
In “Not Enough Points on the Chicken,” a neurologist tells the story of a dinner party where he
discovered that his host had a rare form of synesthesia involving touch and taste. (750 words)
Target Vocabulary: conflict, conservative, course, diagnosis, flow, grasp, grin, identify with, illusion,
rub, stir up, sweep, sympathetic, texture
18 Unit Notes
16
UNIT
CREATURE FEATURE
CHAP-
OVERVIEW
CHAPTER 11
In “Crows’ Brains and Geckos’ Feet,” the writer describes some interesting discoveries that have
been made about crows and geckos and how these discoveries can be used to benefit humans.
(738 words)
Target Vocabulary: accommodate, bend, cautious, colleague, genius, instinctively, intersection,
obligation, partnership, primate, suburb, thrive, widespread
CHAPTER 12
“Creature Comforts” is about unusual service animals that assist people who are disabled.
(789 words)
Target Vocabulary: anxiety, barely, breed, costume, disability, lawsuit, mild-mannered, miniature,
privilege, suspicion, tap, threatening
Unit Notes 19
17
UNIT
GETTING AWAY FROM IT ALL
CHAP-
OVERVIEW
20 Unit Notes
18
UNIT
CIVILIZED DINING
CHAP-
OVERVIEW
CHAPTER 15
“A Blossom Lunch” describes one meal prepared by an American cookbook writer when she was
living in Italy. (544 words)
Target Vocabulary: approach, coat, enhance, flame, gather, pityingly, scent, slide, stay put, stem,
stroke, terrace, thrill
CHAPTER 16
“The First Home-Cooked Meal” is a review of a book that introduces a theory attributing one stage
of human evolution to the invention of cooking. (744 words)
Target Vocabulary: agriculture, devote oneself to, digest, distinct, enable, jaw, lead to, mate,
nutritional, profound, shift
Unit Notes 21
19
UNIT
FAMILY MATTERS
CHAP-
CHAPTER 17 WIDOWS
CHAPTER 18 LOST AND FOUND
OVERVIEW
CHAPTER 17
“Widows” is a poem that deals with the relationship between two sisters, one of whom has been
recently widowed. (235 words)
Target Vocabulary: be at it, companionship, dragging, evaporate, get used to, insult, make
allowance for, not give an inch, object (of a game), opponent, pastime
CHAPTER 18
“Lost and Found” is an excerpt from the first chapter of a novel about a mother and daughter and
how their relationship is changed by their participation in a television reality show. (802 words)
Target Vocabulary: chip, decipher, eliminate, fragile, freak out, overflow, provision, qualify, reunite,
rigid, segment, trail behind, unison
22 Unit Notes
1
UNIT
BUSINESS
10
CHAP-
OVERVIEW
CHAPTER 19
“Branding and Product Placement,” an excerpt from a business textbook, explains what branding
and product placement are and why they are important marketing tools. (684 words)
Target Vocabulary: awareness, brand, catch up, come to mind, disregard, likewise, method,
setting, standard, strength
CHAPTER 20
“Case Study: 3M’s Entrance into the Russian Market” illustrates why 3M was successful in entering
the Russian market when many other companies had failed. (870 words)
Target Vocabulary: bribe, essential, ethics, expertise, found (a company), innovation, mission,
operation, potential, refuse, turnover, unstable, willingness
Product (include brand name, Where you saw the product (e.g.,
e.g., Pepsi or Coke) in a television show, a movie, etc.)
2. At the end of the week, write the chart on the board. Have students come up to the
board to fill it in with the information they have recorded. Discuss which products
appeared the most and where they appeared most frequently.
Unit Notes 23
1
UNIT
BIOLOGY: THE SCIENCE OF LIFE
11 CHAP-
CHAPTER 21 SYMBIOSIS
CHAPTER 22 MIXING IT UP
OVERVIEW
CHAPTER 21
“Symbiosis,” an excerpt from an introductory level biology textbook, explains what symbiosis is and
how biologists classify symbiotic relationships. (697 words)
Target Vocabulary: astonishing, classification, concept, dizzying, interactive, maintain, organism,
predator, reproduce, shelter, striped, tail
CHAPTER 22
“Mixing It Up” is a magazine article that discusses what an animal hybrid is and gives some
examples of both natural and “man-made” hybrids. (573 words)
Target Vocabulary: cub, enchanted, endangered, exotic, have a soft spot for, hybrid, itch,
offspring, show off, soul, technique
24 Unit Notes
1
UNIT
BORN SPECIAL
12
CHAP-
OVERVIEW
CHAPTER 23
In “Being a Genius is Hard Work,” the writer discusses what a genius is and how someone becomes
a genius. (737 words)
Target Vocabulary: acquire, admiration, adversity, confirm, exceptional, exhibit, hardly, have access
to, individual, minimize, obsessively, strive, toddler
CHAPTER 24
In the blog entry “Through the Eyes of Love,” the mother of an autistic child describes how her son
became a gifted artist. (741 words)
Target Vocabulary: accelerate, adopt, affection, anticipate, curriculum, disorder, extraordinary,
hyperactive, livelihood, pace, repetitive, scenery, strain
Unit Notes 25
STUDENT BOOK
ANSWER KEY
UNIT
CHAPTER 1 UNIT
CHAPTER 2
1
Think Before You Read (page 1)
1
Prepare to Read (page 9)
A. B.
1. Brazil, India, China, Russia 1. It’s a picture of some buildings or houses.
It was taken in Brazil.
Prepare to Read (page 2) C.
B. 1. Brazil, Russia, India, China
1. Jay Chou, from Taiwan 2. street art, television programs
2. Answers will vary. 3. by the year 2050
4. Brazil: street art, television Russia:
C.
fashion, film India: film China: video
2. Possible answers: a, b, d, f games
D. 2
Vocabulary Check (page 6)
2
world.
Main Point 1: Marathon running is the best-
known example.
Examples or Details: big business, millions of
Think Before You Read (page 19) people watch on TV, millions of dollars in
A. prizes, business promote products, Kalenjin
tribe in Kenya (ideal body type and
1. A lot of people are running together. This advantage because of altitude)
is a race, or a marathon.
2. runners Main Point 2: For the Tarahumara, running is
its own reward.
Examples or Details: call themselves “running
Prepare to Read (page 20)
people,” not much contact with outside
B. world, traditional games ⫽ 2–3 day races
1. Answers will vary. Possible answers: Main Point 3: Japanese monks run to reach
Mexico, Boston, Japan enlightenment.
C. Examples or Details: 1,000-day challenge,
intense periods of running followed by
1. There is a hook, and yes, it has its own extreme deprivation, seven years to complete
paragraph (paragraph one). the challenge, very few finish, description of
2. Running continues to play an important challenge
role in cultures around the world (line 15).
3. 3
4. 1 UNIT
CHAPTER 4
2
5. Yes. Underline: Running has always
played a significant role in human life and
culture.
A. 2. T
3. F, When we stand up, our bodies are
2. MP 4. H 6. SD 8. MI vertical
3. MP 5. SD 7. SD horizontal.
bigger 1. b 4. a 7. b 10. b
muscles will get smaller. 2. a 5. c 8. c 11. b
10. T 3. b 6. a 9. a 12. c
11. T
12. F, If you believe something initially, you Comprehension Check (page 41)
believe it at first A.
will always believe it.
1. T 3. ? 5. T
2. F 4. T
Comprehension Check (page 31)
B.
A. 2
a. 3 c. 1 e. 4
B. b. 2 d. 6 f. 5
1. f 4. c 7. g C.
2. i 5. a 8. h
3. b 6. d 9. e a. 2 c. 3 e. 6
b. 1 d. 4 f. 5
C. Answers may vary. Possible answers:
Swimmer: tall, muscular, powerful legs
Rower: tall, muscular UNIT
CHAPTER 6
3
Long-distance runner: short, muscular, light
and slim body, slim legs, powerful legs
Long-distance cyclist: short, muscular,
powerful legs
Prepare to Read (page 43)
Vocabulary Skill Building (page 33)
B.
1. b. crosswalk 4. f. cross-reference
1. They are doctors or nurses. They are in an
2. c. cross-training 5. a. crossfire
operating room.
3. e. cross-section 6. d. crossroads
2. They are practicing an operation on a
virtual patient.
C. 2
UNIT
CHAPTER 5
3
Think Before You Read (page 36)
Vocabulary Check
1.
2.
3.
attractive
vehicles
model
(page 46)
7.
8.
9.
performed
likely
absorbed
A. 4. swallowed 10. ancient
1. The girl is playing dress-up. The boy at the 5. destroyed 11. mostly
top is reading. The children on the right are 6. operation 12. spot
playing with a truck.
2. In all of the pictures, people are playing.
The people are all children.
Student Book Answer Key 29
Comprehension Check (page 47) C.
A. 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 1. yes
2. paragraph 2
B. b
3. They have chosen lifestyles that set them
C. apart from others.
Main Idea: There are many important uses of 4. 4
VR other than entertainment. 5. c
I. Medical uses
A. doctors practice difficult operations Vocabulary Check (page 64)
B. pain control: patients go on VR adventure
II. Business world A.
A. cars: design and carry out VR crash tests 1. carefree 4. uneasy
B. architects: design VR model homes 2. reject 5. retirement
III. Scientific uses 3. withdraw
A. meteorologists: experience dangerous
B.
weather conditions
B. chemists: look at complex molecules 1. bad 5. without
C. paleontologists: VR time travel 2. more 6. reason
D. entomologists: VR models of insects 3. different 7. retired
IV. Beauty industry 4. elevators 8. throw away
A. hairdressers: show clients how a
different hairstyle will look Comprehension Check (page 66)
B. dentists: show you a more attractive smile A.
4
Main Idea: People who chose to “check out”
come from many different backgrounds and
live all over the world.
Main Point 1: Bakhtiari nomads of Iran (not
Think Before You Read (page 60)
interested in modern life)
B. Examples and Details: do not live in cities,
2. c attend school, get jobs/travel in desert on
foot/summer in the mountains, winter in the
desert
Prepare to Read (page 61)
Main point 2: Hikikomori (reject modern life)
B.
Examples and Details: withdraw from
1. The people in the picture on the left are education, marriage, jobs/live in their
shepherds, somewhere in the mountains. bedrooms/take out food/dirty dishes/they
The man on the right is a gardener, make other Japanese uneasy
working on a rooftop in a city.
30 Student Book Answer Key
Main Point 3: Urban homesteaders (concerned UNIT
CHAPTER 9
5
about the environment)
Examples and Details: live in cities/no
supermarkets/grow food in their backyards/
produce own electricity/barter with others
Main Point 4: American retirees Think Before You Read (page 76)
Examples and Details: live in southern U.S./ Answers will vary.
safe, clean communities/always good
weather/no children, no noise/enjoy favorite Prepare to Read (page 77)
leisure activities C.
4
Prepare to Read (page 68)
Vocabulary Check
1.
2.
3.
a
a
a
(page 81)
7.
8.
9.
a
b
a
B. 4. a 10. b
1. The billboard advertises a retirement 5. a 11. b
community. 6. b 12. a
2. They are dancing.
Comprehension Check (page 82)
C.
A. 3
1. a 2. b
B.
Vocabulary Check (page 70) 1. b 7. b
1. catch up on 7. facility 2. c 8. b
2. excerpt 8. permanent 3. a 9. b
3. keep time 9. pinching 4. b 10. b
4. widows 10. gossip 5. b 11. b
5. slogan 11. stings 6. c
6. ponder C. Answers will vary.
5
Prepare to Read (page 86)
6
Think Before You Read (page 93)
B. A.
1. There is a man playing the trumpet. 1. a seeing eye dog, a miniature horse, a crow
Something pointed: objects on the table, 2. Answers will vary.
the trumpet. Something round: the sun, the 3. Answers will vary.
man’s head, the red and blue balls in the
sky, the chicken on the table Prepare to Read (page 94)
C. 1, 2, 3 B.
1. It is a crow. It is holding a twig.
Vocabulary Check (page 89)
C.
A.
1. crows, geckos
1. conflicts
2. a New Caledonian crow
2. grins
3. a writer
3. identify with
4. crows
4. texture
5. a biologist
5. illusion
6. geckos
6. flows
B. Vocabulary Check (page 96)
doesn’t enjoy A.
1. F, A conservative enjoys experiencing
new things. 1. humans 4. uneasy
2. steel 5. similar
knows
3. ponder 6. easy
2. F, When your doctor doesn’t know what is
wrong with you, he or she gives you a B.
diagnosis. 1. g 3. e 5. b
3. T 2. h 4. d 6. a
4. T
hold onto
5. F, When you grasp something, you drop it. Comprehension Check (page 98)
not A.
6. F, If people are sympathetic to your
^ probably reject you. 1. a. I, b. MP, c. I
situation, they will
2. a. I, b. I, c. MP
7. T 3. a. I, b. I, c. MP, d. I
8. T 4. a. MP, b. I
5. a. MP, b. I
Comprehension Check (page 90)
B.
A. Making tools: Betty with the wire
Underline: “I feel it like I’m actually grasping Learning: Betty with the wire, crows using the
something.” (line 37) For Michael, sensation cars to crack nuts, other crows learning from
was simultaneous, like a jambalaya, instead first crows to crack nuts, crows figuring out
of a meal served in neat, separate courses. how to use a vending machine
(line 46) Solving problems: Betty with the wire, crows
using the cars to crack nuts, crows figuring
out how to use a vending machine
6
5. vending ⫹ machine ⫽ a machine that you
can get candy or drinks from by putting in
a coin
7
B.
1. a miniature horse
2. The horse has been trained to help the
woman, who is disabled.
C.
Think Before You Read (page 116)
B. A.
Answers may vary slightly. Possible answers: 1. is associated with 4. destinations
2. subscribe 5. fees
Dogs: work for 8 years, can be threatening,
3. engulfed 6. firsthand
expensive to train, more common than
horses, can travel more easily in airplanes B.
Dogs and miniature horses: trainable, used as 1. T
service animals 2. F, Your house is built by the side of a river.
Miniature horses: work for 30⫹ years, herd You do not have to worry about floods.
animals, mild-mannered, less aggressive than 3. F, Tornadoes and snowstorms are
dogs, eat more often, go to the bathroom natural
more often, bigger than dogs, can’t lie down man-made events.
in small places 4. T
5. T
C.
1. culinary 3. dark UNIT
CHAPTER 15
8
2. extreme 4. storm-chasing
UNIT
CHAPTER 14
7
Think Before You Read (page 133)
A.
1. Picture on left: three prehistoric people
Prepare to Read (page 124) rubbing sticks together to make a fire
Picture on right: modern-day woman in a
B. modern kitchen
1. Venice, Italy 3. flooding
2. canals Prepare to Read (page 134)
C. C. b, c, e, f
1. c 2. d 3. a
Vocabulary Check (page 136)
Vocabulary Check (page 127) A.
A. 1. stems 4. strokes
1. e 3. a 5. d 2. coat 5. slide
2. f 4. c 3. flame
B.
B. 1. scent 5. enhance
1. a 3. a 5. c 7. a 2. pityingly 6. stay put
2. b 4. a 6. b 8. b 3. gathered 7. thrill
4. terrace 8. approached
Comprehension Check (page 128)
Comprehension Check (page 138)
A.
A.
1. T
2. T 1. in a small town
3. F, Weather forecasters had not predicted Details: only one fruit and vegetable stand,
any flooding on that day. henhouse near where the author is
4. ? staying, church, city hall and grocery
not store all close together
5. F, This was the first time the hotel had 2. the writer’s husband
^
been flooded. Details: author uses “we” in first paragraph,
author knows that Fernando has never
8
Prepare to Read (page 141)
4.
to more productive activities, such as the
development of tools, agriculture, and
social networks.
cause
Males did not have to hunt as often,
B. effect
which meant they stayed put for longer
1. Austalopithecine
periods of time.
2. Homo habilis
5. cause
3. between 2.0 and 1.5 million years ago
Staying at home and gathering around the
4. Homo sapiens
fire became central to humanity. This led to
C. first box effect
paired mating and perhaps even traditional
Vocabulary Check (page 144) male-female household roles.
A. 6. cause
Many other scientists believe that eating
1. enable 4. lead to meat, rather than cooking food, led to the
2. profound 5. devote oneself to effect
3. distinct evolution of Homo erectus.
Student Book Answer Key 35
7 cause 2. Her husband has recently died.
However, he believes that meat eating 3. She ignores her sister’s sadness and
effect concentrates on the card game.
played a role in an earlier stage of evolution, 4. The two women already seem to be lonely.
from Australopithecines to Homo habilis. Solitare would make them more lonely,
since there is no opponent.
Vocabulary Skill Building (page 148) 5. She prepared them to live alone by
A. teaching them this card game and (we can
infer) other ways of being independent.
1. a 3. b 5. b 6. Her aunt must have had a husband as well,
2. a 4. a 6. b who must have died earlier.
B. Answers will vary.
Vocabulary Skill Building (page 157)
A.
UNIT
CHAPTER 17
9
1. not give an inch: not yield; be firm
2. make allowance for: give someone an
advantage because they have a handicap or
difficulty
Think Before You Read (page 151) 3. let up: give up, rest
4. give (someone) an edge: give someone an
A. Answers may vary. Possible answer: There advantage
are four generations in the picture. 5. catch up on (something): find out what’s
been happening
Prepare to Read (page 152)
B.
B.
1. gave her an edge
1. Two elderly women are playing cards. 2. make allowance for
They seem to be enjoying the game. 3. n’t give an inch
C. 4. catch up on
5. let up
1. spite: a feeling of wanting to hurt or upset
people, for example because you are
jealous or think you have been unfairly
treated
UNIT
CHAPTER 18
malice: the desire or intention to
deliberately want to hurt someone
1. T B.
2. T 1. The picture is from a movie. The actor is
3. F, When two people sing in unison, they Tom Hanks.
the same note 2. FedEx. The company is associated with
start singing on different notes.
transportation of packages and mail.
don’t
4. F, If you follow the rules, you will be 3. Answers will vary.
^ from the game.
eliminated C.
5. F, When you reunite two people, you 1. c
get them back together after a long time
2. b
introduce them to each other for the first
3. Answers will vary.
time.
4. Answers will vary.
Comprehension Check (page 162)
Vocabulary Check (page 177)
A.
A. Answers will vary.
1. the narrator (Cassie’s mother)
B.
2. The main characters are Cassie’s mother
and Cassie. Other characters are Besty, 1. a
Jason, and Barbara. 2. b
3. The object of the show is for the 3. a
contestants to find, in an unfamiliar city, 4. b
all of the objects on the list. People get 5. a
disqualified or eliminated for failing to find
some of the objects or by losing or Comprehension Check (page 178)
breaking one of the objects.
A.
could
B.
1. F, Coca-Cola wants to borrow $100 billion
1. c 3. a or b dollars.
2. a 4. c 2. T
3. T
C. Answers will vary. 4. T
5. T
6. F, Up to now, product placement has been
UNIT
CHAPTER 19 in many forms of media
10
Think Before You Read (page 173)
used mostly in movies.
see
7. F, You can buy a Hewlett Packard
computer at any IKEA store.
Some
8. F, Most companies are now spending more
A.
on product placement than on other types
1. They look like businesspeople. They are of advertising.
colleagues. 9. T
10
Prepare to Read (page 180)
A.
1. It is essential that all employees follow
standard business practices.
2. It is illegal to take a bribe from a business
associate.
B.
3. Innovation is part of our corporate mission.
1. Post-Its, mechanical pencil, pen, binder 4. In order to build a brand, it is necessary to
clip, spiral notebook spend a lot of time and money.
2. Answers will vary. 5. You can find Google’s mission statement
3. 3M on its Web site.
C. 6. We need to improve our brand awareness
through better product placement.
1. c 2. c 3. b
B.
Vocabulary Check (page 184) 1. take a bribe
A. 2. business associate
3. corporate mission
1. c 2. b 3. b 4. b 5. a 6. b 4. brand awareness
B. 5. build a brand
1. essential 4. innovation 7. turnover 6. follow standard business practices
2. bribe 5. found 7. mission statement
3. mission 6. operation 8. product placement
A. A.
1. a 3. c 5. b 7. b 9. b 1. Adjectives: high/low,
2. b 4. b 6. b 8. b academic/health/environmental, moral
Nouns: practice/procedure
B. Answers may vary. Possible answers: 2. have, set, meet/reach
Challenge 3M’s Response 3. by
1. uncertainty adapted to local B.
because of breakup conditions, brought 1. low
of Soviet Union cultural awareness, 2. set/have
protected workers: 3. By
helped pay for 4. moral
housing, hired local 5. meet
people, donated to 6. environmental
local schools 7. practice/procedure
2. shift to a market- followed rules, trained
based economy workers in ethics,
encouraged innovation
and creativity
3. Russian mindset trained workers in
ethics, encouraged
innovation and
creativity, protected
workers: helped pay
for housing, hired
local people
11
Think Before You Read (page 193)
Species A
dogs
Species B
humans
Type of
Symbiosis
M
12
Think Before You Read (page 209)
Comprehension Check
12
Prepare to Read (page 216)
A. 3, 4, 6
B.
1–4 years old: hyperactive, did not need much
sleep, didn’t show affection, diagnosed with
B. autism, admired scenery and beautiful
magazines
1. The boy is autistic. The boy looks as if he
2002: acquired an obsession for art
is around ten years old. The boy’s special
2003: Sarah sent him to art classes
skill is art.
2004: participated in four art exhibitions
2. Autism is a developmental disorder that
today: art exhibitions in different countries,
affects communication and social skills.
behavior continues to improve
C.
1. a brain development disorder Vocabulary Skill Building (page 221)
2. four years old 1. extracurricular 4. miniskirt
3. Applied Behavior Analysis 2. unisex 5. microbiologist
4. when he was eight years old 3. hypertension 6. monolingual
5. In the United States, Australia, and the
United Kingdom Vocabulary Practice 1 (page 234)
6. Dr. Treffert is a famous researcher on
autism. Think About Meaning
1. explosion 6. distraction
Vocabulary Check (page 219) 2. movement 7. role
speeds up
3. miss the boat 8. uncertain
1. F, When a car accelerates, it slows down. 4. resource 9. miss the boat
2. T 5. slim 10. ordinary
not Practice a Skill
3. F, If you have a physical disorder, you are
^ 1. vivid 5. To catch
healthy.
4. T 2. undeniable 6. uniquely
3. marketing 7. significance
can’t
5. F, People under a lot of strain can relax 4. distract 8. sold out
easily.
neither calm nor easy Vocabulary Practice 2 (page 235)
6. F, Hyperactive toddlers are calm and easy
Think About Meaning
to take care of.
7. T 1. b 5. b 9. b
8. F, If you want to enjoy the scenery when 2. a 6. a 10. c
car or train 3. a 7. c
you travel, it is best to travel by plane. 4. a 8. c
9. T
10. T
Practice a Skill
do not
11. F, Toddlers and adults naturally walk at the 1. F, When a tennis player hits a ball
same pace. ^ needs
crosscourt, the other player does not need
12. F, When you adopt a new method, you
to move to hit it back.
accept
reject it. 2. T
3. F, If you and your partner are working at
not
13. F, Extraordinary events are quite common. cross purposes on a project, you will
not
probably complete the project quickly.
^