MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

FIJI YEAR 12 CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION 2018

MATHEMATICS

Detailed Solution

COPYRIGHT: MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FIJI, 2018.

 2.

STRAND 1 BASIC MATHEMATICS (12 marks)

1. 2. 3.

(43 ) 2  43 2 log a  logb  log a

2+3 =5
46 b 5  4, remainder =1

log 10  log 5  log 10

5
 log 2

4.
Total Amount = Deposit + monthly instalments

= 100 + 24 30

= $820

6
5.
7 1

6 6 7 1
  Multiplying by conjugate of the denominator
7 1 7 1 7 1

6 ( 7  1)
 Expanding denominator
2 2
7 1 a 2  b 2  a  b  a  b 

6 ( 7  1)

6 Simplifying denominator

= 7 1

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 3.

6.

x 1 2( x  1 ) Writing 25 as 5
2
25 5
x x
5 5
2 x 2 Expanding the power
5
x
5
2 x 2  x
5 a m  a n  a mn
x2
5

7.

Four conditions for a group

 Closure.
 Unique identity.
 Unique inverses.
 Associativity

(i) The system is closed because there is no foreign element present

(ii) There is an identity element (or unique identity) which is 0

(iii) Each element has an inverse (or unique inverse)

element 0 1 2
inverse 0 2 1

(iv) The operation is associative

( 0  1)  2 = 0  (1  2)
1  2 = 0 0
0=0

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.
 4.

STRAND 2 ALGEBRA (18 marks)

1. 2. 3.
difference  5 x  2 x 4m  k  9
x 2  32  x  3  x  3 

 3x x 3 x 3 4m  9  k
T  5x  3x  x3 9 k
3 m
4
 8x

4.
6
 n3  4 3  53  63
6
n4  n 3  405
n4
 64  125  216

5.
x 1 2x  6

3 8
8 ( x  1)  3 ( 2 x6 ) Cross multiplication

8 x  8  6 x  18 Expansion

8 x  6 x  18  8 Collection of like terms

2 x  10
x5

6. (i)
D  b 2  4ac

 ( 4 ) 2  4  3  5
 44

(ii) no real roots or complex roots or imaginary roots

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 5.

STRAND 2 (continued)

2
7. 4 x  29 x  7  0

a  4, b  29, c  7

 29  ( 29 ) 2  447

x 
24
29  729
x
8
29  27
x
8

x = 7, 0.25 or 1
4

8. The Factor Theorem states that (x – a) is a factor of the polynomial f (x) then f (a) = 0

x + 2= 0
x = -2 8.

f ( -2)  ( 2 ) 3  8 ( 2 ) 2  17-2  k
0  8  32  34  k
k  10

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.
 6.

9 Apart from the first fall, the ball goes through each distance twice.

Method 1
Distance = 5 + 2  3 + 2 1.8 + 2 1.08 + …….
= 5 + 6 + 3.6 + 2.16
= 5 + S

6
S = S  a
1 0.6 1 r

= 15

Total distance = 15 + 5

Total distance = 20m

Method 2

Distance = 2  5 + 2  3 + 2 1.8 + 2 1.08 + …….

= 10 + 6 + 3.6 + 2.16

S = 10
1 0.6 S  a
1 r
= 25

Total distance = 25 - 5

Total distance = 20m

10.

( x  6 )( x  4 )  0

Sketch the graph of y ( x  6 )( x  4 )

x
-6 4

Consider the portion of graph above the x-axis x   6 or x  4

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 7.
STRAND 3 GRAPHS (12 marks)

1. 2. 3.

y  x 1 Domain consists of all Equation of a circle centre (a, b) and

the values shown on the radius r is
Has y-int. = 1
and x-int. = 1 x-axis. ( x  a) 2  ( y  b) 2  r 2
2 2
 x 0 ( x  3)  y  4 is equivalent l to
2 2 2
( x  3)  ( y  0 )  2

 centre  ( 3, 0) and radius = 2 units

4. Equation
y = x 2 ( x  3) or y  x 3  3 x 2

The graphs turns at 0 on the x-axis so the power of x must be 2

5. Solve the equations y  4 x  5 and y  x 2 simultaneously

y y

4x 5  x2

x 2  4x 50

a  1, b   4, c   5
( x  5 )( x  1)  0
or  4 ( 4 ) 2  415
x  5 0 or x1  0 x 
21

x=5 x = -1 4  36
x
2
4 6
x
2
 5 , 1

To find the y-values, either substitute the x- values

into y  x 2 or y  4 x  5
2
yx
.
2
 5  25
y   -1 2
1
coordinates = ( 5 , 25) and (-1, 1)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 8.

STRAND 3 (continued)
6.
(i) x-int  let y = 0

x  intercept = 3 or (3, 0)

(ii) y-int  let x = 0


y  intercept = -3 or (0, -3)

(iii)
Vertical Asymptote: let denominator = 0
vertical asymptote : x = –1 or x + 1 = 0 

(iv) Horizontal Asymptote: Cover up rule horizontal asymptote : y = 1 or y – 1 =0 

(v)

x
-1 0 3

-3

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 9.

STRAND 4 COORDINATE GEOMETRY (7 marks)

1. 2.
tanθ  gradient
k 1  1
4 tanθ  2
k  4
θ  tan 1 ( 2 )

3. (i)
 x1  x 2 y 1  y 2   5  10 2  8 
 ,  , 
 2 2   2 2 
mid-point = ( 7.5 , -5 )

ii)

Method 1: Show 2 sides are equal using

distance formula.
x1 y 1 x2 y2
A (5, -2), C = (10,  8 )
2 2
d  10  5   8  2 

d  61 or 7.81

x1 y 1 x2 y2
B (15, -2), C = (10,  8 )
2 2
d  10  15   8 2 

d  61 or 7.81

Since two sides are equal the triangle is isosceles.

Method 2: Show 2 sides are equal using

Pythagoras theorem.

10
5 5

6
2 2 2 2
hyp  5  6 hyp  5  6
 61  61

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 10.

4. Method 1: Show that the gradient between any two pairs of points are equal.
x1 y 1 x 2 y 2 x1 y1 x 2 y 2
(1, 4), (4, 6) (4, 6), (10, 10)
y y
m  2 1
y y x 2  x1
m 2 1
x 2 x1 10  6
m
64 10  4
m
4 1
m4
6
m 2
3 m 2
3

Gradients are same the points are collinear.

Method 2: Find the equation of the line joining any two points and then show that the
third point lies on the line.

x1 y 1 x 2 y 2
(1, 4), (4, 6)

y 2  y1
m
x 2 x1

64
m
4 1 Gradient of the line

m 2
3

y  y 1  m ( x  x1 )
Equation of the line
y  4  2( x1)
3

y  2 x  31
3 3

Show that the third point (10, 10) lies on the line y  2 x  31
3 3

y  2x  31
3 3
2
10  10  31
3 3
10 10

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 11.
STRAND 5 TRIGONOMETRY (10 marks)

1. 2.
Full turn = 360 Method 1:
= 2 radians Pythagoras Theorem base 2  sec 2 θ  tan 2 θ
Consider the identity from the formula sheet
tan 2 θ  1  sec 2 θ
 1  sec 2 θ  tan 2 θ
 base 2 1  base  1

Method 2:
opp
tan θ 
adj
tan θ
tan θ  base 1
base

3. (i)

S  r
S  18
4
S 18 
4
= 9 or 4.5
2

. (ii) 1
Area of Sector = r 2θ
2

1 
A 18 2 
2 4

40.5 or 81
= 2
or 127.23

4. 3 tanθ  1

1
tan θ 
3
210 30
1
θ  tan -1
3

Tangent is positive in the first and third quadrant

θ = 30 and 210

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 12.

STRAND 5 (continued)

5. Cosine rule

2 2 2
a  b  c  2 bc cos A

x 2  9 2  7 2  297 cos 48

x 2 130 126cos 48

x 130 126cos 48

=6.76

6.
a = 2 Upside down graph

b= 2 Period = 180
b  360
period

c= 20 y-axis shifted by 10

c  10
b
c  10 b
c  102
20

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 13.

STRAND 6 MATRICES AND TRANSFORMATION GEOMETRY (7 marks)

1. Determinant = area scale factor

= 33  0
=9
a b
The determinant of   is a  d  b  c
c d 

2. (i)
 1 0   1   1100   1 0   1   1101 
           
 0 1   0   0110   0 1   1   0111 
1 1
   
0 1

A' = (1, 0) C' = (1, 1)

(ii)
y

1 C'

B' A'
-3 -2 -1 0 2
x
1

-1

(iii) Reflection in y-axis or reflection in line x = 0

(iv) Area or length or angles or size.

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 14.

STRAND 7 STATISTICS (6 marks)

1. f x 2.
The standard deviation remains the same
x
f when the same constant is added to each
score    6
10  4  20  4  30  2

44  2
 18

3. (i)
Modal interval is the interval with highest frequency

Modal interval = 150 -160

(ii) Total frequency = 7

      

Median = 4th item

Go down the frequency column totalling the numbers until you get 4

Median Interval = 140 -150

(iii)

 f  x x   400  100  0  300

2

 800

f 1  1  2  3

7

 f  x x 
2

s
f

 800
7
 10.69

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 15.

STRAND 8 PROBABILITY (10 marks)

1. 2.
A score is almost certain to lie in There are 3 ways of getting a total
of 10: (6, 4), (5, 5) and (4, 6)
this range: μ 3 < x < μ + 3
There are 36 possible outcomes.
50 3  5 < x < 50 + 3  5

35 < x < 65 P 3
36

3. (i) (ii)

23
Number surveyed = 13 +10 + 6 +7 P(Agriculture) = or 0.64
36
= 36

4.
2 or 1
4 2 R
3 R
5 2 or 1 G
4 2
R
2 3
G
5 4
1
G
4

3 2 2 3
P(RG) + P(GR) =   
5 4 5 4
P( different coloured marbles) = 3 or 0.6
5

5. (i)
P (149  x  171) P ( x x  z  x x )
 
149 160 171 160
P ( z  )
4 4 149 171

 P ( 2.75  z  2.75 )
 2( 0.497 ) or 0.497  0.497

P ( height is between 149 and 171 cm ) = 0.994

(ii) 0.994 1000

expected number = 994

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 16.

STRAND 9 CALCULUS (18 marks)

1. 2.

Directly substitute the x value. If we Increasing  f  ( x )  0

get number then the limit does not  3x  0
0
exist. (number  0 ) 0
x
lim x  3 limit does not exist 3
x 3  3 0
x
x0

Inequality sign is reversed when

multiplying or dividing by a negative.

3.

3
NB. The region is below the x-axis
A 
0
g ( x ) dx

3
  x 2  3 x dx
0

3
 3 2
  x 3x 
 3 2 
0

 3 33 2 
3    0 
 3 2 
 

 9
2

= 4.5

dy xn  1
 x dx 
4. 2
x 9
n
dx n 1
3
y x 9x  C Integrate
3
3
1  0  90  C When x = 0, y = 1

C 1

3
y  x 9x  1
3

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 17.
5.
( x )  nx n  1
d n
(i)
dx
dy 2
 3x  6 x  9
dx

(ii)
dy
0 dy
dx 0
dx
3x 2  6 x  90
3x 2  6 x  90
x 2  2x  3  0 Divide by 3
a  3, b  6, c 9
( x  3 )( x 1)  0 Factorise
 6 ( 6 ) 2  439
( x  3)  0
x 3
or x 
23
6  144
( x 1)  0 x
6
x  1
6  12
x
6
 3, 1

To find the y-values, substitute the x- values into

3 2
y  x  3x  9 x

y  3 3  33 2  93
 27

y  ( 1) 3  3( 1) 2  9( 1)

5

coordinates = (-1 , 5 ) and (3 ,-27)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY12CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 18.
6. (i)
Height = x
Length = 12  2x

Width =  1 of 12   x
2 
= 6 x

V = x (12  2x) (6  x)

(ii) V = x (12  2x) (6  x)

V  (12 x  2 x 2 ) ( 6  x)
V  12 x .6  12 x. x 2 x 2 .6  2 x 2 . x Expansion
V72 x 12 x 2 12 x 2  2 x 3
3 2
V  2 x  24 x  72 x

dV 2
 6 x  48 x  72
dx

(iii) Method 1

dV
0
dx
6 x 2  48 x  72 0
Divide each term by 6

x 2  8 x  12  0
( x 6)( x  2)  0 Factorise

x6 x2

2
Method 2 : Using Quadratic Formula to solve 6 x  48 x  72  0

a = 6, b = 48 , c= 72
When x = 6
volume = 0
 48 ( 48 ) 2  4672
x
26
48  576
x
12
48  24
x
12
 6, 2
x = 2 cm

COPYRIGHT: MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FIJI, 2018.