Design an isolated footing for a column 300 mm x 500 mm, reinforced with 6-25 mm bars

with Fe415 steel and M25 concrete subjected to a factored axial load of of 1000 kN and a
factored uniaxial moment Mux 120kNm (with respect to the major axis) at the column base.
Assume that the moment is reversible. The safe bearing capacity may be taken as 200kN/sqm
at a depth of 1.25 m. Assume M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel for footing.

Solution
1. Data:

Total Load on the column Pu_c ≔ 1000 kN

Assuming weight of backfill and footing to be 15% of axial load,final axial load on the soil
will be
Pu ≔ Pu_c ⋅ 1.15 = 1150 kN

Total Moment (Major Axis) Mux ≔ 120 kN ⋅ m

Size of column Cx ≔ 300 mm Cy ≔ 500 mm

Garde of material for column fck_c ≔ 25 MPa

fy ≔ 415 MPa

Garde of material for footing fck_f ≔ 20 MPa

fy ≔ 415 MPa
kN
Bearing Capacity SBC ≔ 200 ―― at a depth of footing Df ≔ 1.25 m
m2

2. Dimensioning

Column Axial Load without PSF

Pu
P ≔ ―― = 766.667 kN
1.5
Column moment without PSF
Mux
Mx ≔ ―― = 80 m ⋅ kN
1.5
Eccentricity
Mx
e ≔ ―― = 104.348 mm
P
 Assuming
L
e<―
6
L>6 e 6 e = 626.087 mm

So
kg ⋅ m
L_req > 626 mm P = 766666.667 ――― 2
Mx = 80000 N ⋅ m s
N
SBC = 200000 ――
m2
P Mx
Again ――+ ――― < SBC P ≔ 766666.667 Mx ≔ 80000
B⋅L B ⋅ L2
――
6 SBC ≔ 200000
Therefore,
For B≔2
P Mx solve , L , float , 3
――+ ――― ≤ SBC ――――― → L ≤ -0.497 ∨ L ≥ 2.41
B⋅L B ⋅ L2
――
6
Let us provide footing dimension as

B≔2 m and L ≔ 2.45 m

And cantilever projection

⎛ L - Cy ⎞
c ≔ ⎜――― ⎟ = 0.975 m
⎝ 2 ⎠
3. Factored (Net) Soil Pressure

Pu_c Mux kN
qu_max ≔ ――+ ――― = 264.057 ――
B⋅L B⋅L 2
m2
――
6

Pu_c Mux kN
qu_min ≔ ――- ――― = 144.107 ――
B⋅L B⋅L 2
m2
――
6
4. Thickness of footing:

4(a). Thickness of footing based on one way shear:

The critical face for one way shear is at a distance d from the face of the column.

Stress at a distance d from the face of the column assuming dassumed ≔ 600 mm
⎛ qu_max - qu_min ⎞ N
qu_d ≔ qu_min + ⎜――――― ⎟ ⋅ ⎛⎝c + Cy + dassumed⎞⎠ = 0.246 ――
⎝ L ⎠ mm 2

Average stress
qu_d + qu_max N
qavg_d ≔ ――――= 0.255 ――
2 mm 2
Shear force at a distance d from the column face
B = 2000 mm
Vu1 ＝ qavg_d ⋅ B ⋅ ((c - d)) c = 975 mm

simplify , float , 3
Vu1 ≔ 0.255 ⋅ 2000 ⋅ ((975 - d)) ―――――― → -510.0 ⋅ d + 0.497 ⋅ 10 6

Assuming percentage of steel 0.25% for M20 grade concrete

τc ≔ 0.36 MPa
 Vuc ＝ τc ⋅ B ⋅ d Vuc ≔ 0.36 ⋅ 2000 ⋅ d → 720.0 ⋅ d
solve , d , float , 3
Vu1 ≤ Vuc ――――― → d ≥ 404.0

Hence d1 ≔ 404 mm

4(b). Thickness of footing based on two way shear:

The critical face for one way shear is at a distance d/2 from the face of the
column.

Average stress
⎛ qu_max - qu_min ⎞ ⎛ L ⎞ N
qu_avg ≔ qu_min + ⎜――――― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜―⎟ = 0.204 ――
⎝ L ⎠ ⎝2⎠ mm 2

Two way shear force acting all around the column face at a distance d/2

Vu2 ＝ qu_avg ⋅ ((L ⋅ B)) ⋅ ⎛⎝⎛⎝Cx + d⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎛⎝Cy + d⎞⎠⎞⎠

Assuming d ≔ d1 = 404 mm

Vu2 ≔ qu_avg ⋅ ⎛⎝((L ⋅ B)) - ⎛⎝Cx + d⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎛⎝Cy + d⎞⎠⎞⎠ = 870.119 kN

Two way shear resistance (CL 31.6.3.1)

Cx
ks ≔ 0.5 + ―― = 1.1 but it is limited to 1
Cy
So ks ≔ 1 fck_f = 20 MPa

τc ≔ 0.25 ⋅ ‾‾
20 MPa = 1.118 MPa

Two way shear force, assuming d = 404 mm

Vc2 ≔ ks ⋅ τc ⋅ ⎛⎝⎛⎝Cx + d⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝Cy + d⎞⎠⎞⎠ ⋅ 2 ⋅ d = 1452.621 kN

Vc2 > Vu2 Hence OK

One way shear governs the the footing slab thickness and d > 404 mm
Assuming a clear cover of 75 mm and a bar dia of 16mm
16
D ≔ 404 + 75 + ― = 487
2
 Let us provide

D ≔ 500 mm

16 mm
Effective depth(long span) dy ≔ D - 75 mm - ――― = 417 mm
2

16 mm 16 mm
Effective depth(short span) dx ≔ dy - ――― - ――― = 401 mm
2 2

5. Check for maximum soil pressure:

kN kN
Let us assume γconcrete ≔ 25 ―― γsoil ≔ 18 ――
m3 m3

Pu_c Mux kN
qu ≔ ―――+ γconcrete ⋅ D + γsoil ⋅ ⎛⎝Df - D⎞⎠ + ―――― = 202.038 ――
1.5 ⋅ L ⋅ B B⋅L 2
m2
1.5 ⋅ ――
6
OK

6. Design of flexural Reinforcement:

6(a). Long Span:

Cantilever Projection c = 975 mm
Width B = 2000 mm
Depth dy = 417 mm
Stress at the edge
N
qu_max = 0.264 ――
Stress at the face of the column mm 2

⎛ qu_max - qu_min ⎞ N
qu_column ≔ qu_min + ⎜――――― ⎟ ⋅ ⎛⎝c + Cy⎞⎠ = 0.216 ――
⎝ L ⎠ mm 2
Moment about the column face
c
Mu_long ≔ qu_column ⋅ c ⋅ ―⋅ B ↲
2
c
+ ⎛⎝qu_max - qu_column⎞⎠ ⋅ c ⋅ ―⋅ B
3

Mu_long = 235.893 kN ⋅ m
 ⎛ Mu_long ⎞
2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎜1 - 1 - 4.598 ⋅ ―――― ⎟
⎜⎝ fck_f ⋅ B ⋅ dy 2 ⎟⎠
Ast_required ≔ fck_f ⋅ B ⋅ dy ⋅ ―――――――――― = 1633.262 mm 2
2 ⋅ fy

Amin ≔ 0.0012 ⋅ B ⋅ dy = 1000.8 mm 2 D = 0.5 m

Aassumed ≔ 0.0025 ⋅ B ⋅ dy = 2085 mm 2

Number of ϕ ≔ 16 mm bars required

Aassumed
n16mm ≔ ―――― = 10.375
((ϕ)) 2
3.14 ⋅ ――
4

n ≔ 11

Spacing
((B - n ⋅ ϕ - 2 ⋅ 75 mm))
s ≔ ―――――――= 167.4 mm OK
n-1

Provide 11 nos. of 16 mm bar along the longer direction

Development Length (CL.26.2.1)

fck_f = 20 MPa τbd ≔ 1.2 MPa
⎛⎝0.87 ⋅ fy⎞⎠ ⋅ ϕ
Ld ≔ ――――= 0.752 m
4 ⋅ 1.6 ⋅ τbd
Length Available
L - Cy
Lavailable ≔ ――― = 0.975 m
2
As Ld < Lavailable ok
 6(a). Short Span: ⎛⎝B - Cx⎞⎠
Cantilever Projection cshort ≔ ―――= 0.85 m
2
Width L = 2450 mm
Depth dx = 401 mm
Average stress
N
qu_avg = 0.204 ――
mm 2
Stress at the edge
N
qu_max = 0.264 ――
mm 2

Stress at the face of the column

⎛ qu_max + qu_avg ⎞ N
qu_short ≔ ⎜――――― ⎟ = 0.234 ――
⎝ 2 ⎠ mm 2
Moment about the column face
cshort
Mu_short ≔ qu_short ⋅ cshort ⋅ ――⋅ L = 207.166 kN ⋅ m
2

⎛ Mu_short ⎞
2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎜1 - 1 - 4.598 ⋅ ―――― ⎟
⎜⎝ fck_f ⋅ L ⋅ dx 2 ⎟⎠
Ast_required ≔ fck_f ⋅ L ⋅ dx ⋅ ―――――――――― = 1477.063 mm 2
2 ⋅ fy

Amin ≔ 0.0012 ⋅ L ⋅ D = 1470 mm 2 D = 0.5 m

Number of ϕ ≔ 12 mm bars required

Ast_required
n16mm ≔ ―――― = 13.067
((ϕ)) 2
3.14 ⋅ ――
4

n ≔ 14
 Spacing
((L - n ⋅ ϕ - 2 ⋅ 75 mm))
s ≔ ―――――――= 164 mm OK
n-1

Provide 14 nos. of 12 mm bar along the longer direction

Development Length (CL.26.2.1)

fck_f = 20 MPa τbd ≔ 1.2 MPa
⎛⎝0.87 ⋅ fy⎞⎠ ⋅ ϕ
Ld ≔ ――――= 0.564 m
4 ⋅ 1.6 ⋅ τbd
Length Available
B - Cx
Lavailable ≔ ――― = 0.85 m
2
As Ld < Lavailable ok