CAPE CHEMISTRY UNIT II

Module 1
Course Outline
Mr. Banton

Week Date Topic(s) Objectives

 Introduction to Organic
Chemistry
 Calculating empirical and
1 September 3 - 7
molecular formulae
 Molecular formulae using
Avogadro’s Law
 Stereoisomerism
 Properties and reactions of
2 September 10 - 14
alkanes
1. Explain the occurrence of carbon
compounds in terms of bonding
2. Explain the terms tetravalent and
catenation
3. Write a structural formula when given a
molecular formula and other relevant
information
4. Determine molecular formulae from
combustion
1. Explain stereoisomerism in terms of the
structure of molecules
2. Explain the influence of the double bond
upon geometric isomers
3. Distinguish between cis and trans isomers
4. Describe the halogenation, cracking and
combustion of alkanes
5. Explain the steps in free radical
substitution of alkanes
6. Competently use curved arrows to denote
movement of electrons

 Properties of alkenes
3 September 17 -21
 Properties of alcohols
 Reactions of alcohols
4 September 24 - 28
 Hydrolysis of alkyl halides
 Reactions of carbonyl
5 October 1 - 5
compounds
 Carboxylic acids
6 October 8 - 12
 Reactions of esters
1. Define the term “electrophile” and
“nucleophile”
2. Explain why electrophiles react with
alkenes
3. Explain why alkenes undergo addition
reactions
4. Describe the reactions of alkenes with
hydrogen halides and bromine with the
use of mechanisms
5. Describe selected reactions of alkenes
6. Describe selected reactions of alcohols
5. Describe selected chemical reactions of
alcohols
6. Describe via mechanisms Sn1 and Sn2
reactions for alkyl halides
7. Distinguish between stepwise and
concerted reactions
1. Describe the reactions of carbonyl
compounds with the following
(a) Sodium cyanide in acidic conditions
(b) Brady’s reagent
(c) Tollen’s reagent
(d) Fehling’s solution
(e) Acidified potassium permanganate
(f) Lithium aluminium hydride
(g) Hydrogen with a platinum catalyst
2. Explain with the aid of a mechanism
selected reactions of carbonyl
compounds
1. Describe the reactions of carboxylic acids
with the following:
(a) NaOH, NaHCO3, metals, alcohols,
PCl3 or PCl5 and SOCl2
2. Describe the following reactions of esters
 (a) Acid and base hydrolysis
(b) Transesterification
(c) Biodiesel production
1. Explain why benzene is resonance
stabilized.
2. Explain by benzene undergoes
substitution rather than addition
reactions
3. Describe with the aid of mechanisms the
 Reactions of benzene and
7 October 15 - 19 following reactions:
methyl benzene (a) Halogenation of benzene
(b) Nitration of benzene
4. Describe with the aid of mechanisms the
following reactions:
(a) Halogenation of methylbenzene
(b) Nitration of methylbenzene
1. Describe with the aid of mechanisms the
following reactions::
(a)Halogenation of nitrobenzene
(b) Nitration of nitrobenzene
(c) Reduction of nitro groups using Sn/HCl
2. Describe the reactions of phenols with
 Reactions of nitrobenzene and
8 October 22 - 26 the following:
phenols (a) Acyl halides
(b) Aqueous bromine
(c) Sodium hydroxide
(d) Phenylamine (formation of azo dyes)
3. State two uses of azo compounds in
industry.

 Acidic and basic character of 1. Explain the differences in acidity among

9 October 29 – November 2
organic compounds I alcohols, phenols and carboxylic acids
 1. Explain the differences in basic character
 Acidic and basic character of
among aliphatic amines, aromatic amines
10 November 5 - 9 organic compounds II
and amides
 Amino acids 2. Explain the formation of zwitterions
1. Describe the characteristics of addition
polymerization
2. Describe the properties of condensation
polymerization
3. Predict the type of polymer most likely to
11 November 12 - 16  Macromolecules be formed from given monomers
4. Deduce the repeating unit of a polymer
5. Identify proteins and carbohydrates as
naturally occurring polymers
6. Illustrate the connection between
carbohydrates and their monomers
1. Explain the nature of electromagnetic
radiation
2. State the approximate wavelengths for
selected regions of the electromagnetic
spectrum
3. Recall that energy levels in atoms and
 Spectroscopic methods of
molecules are quantized
12 November 19 - 23 analysis
4. Describe the basic steps for analysing
 UV/VIS Spectroscopy samples by UV/VIS spectroscopy.
5. Use Beer-Lambert’s Law to calculate the
concentration of a given species in
solution
6. List examples of the use of UV/VIS in the
quantification of substances
1. Explain the origin of absorption in IR
spectroscopy
13 November 26 - 30  Infrared spectroscopy 2. Describe the basic steps for analysing
samples via IR spectroscopy
3. Comment on the limitations of using IR
 spectroscopy.
4. Deduce the functional groups present in
organic compounds from IR spectra
5. Cite examples of the use of IR
spectroscopy in the monitoring of air
pollutants.

Recommended resources:

1. http://www.chemguide.co.uk/
2. https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/chemistry/organic-chemistry-ii/reactions-of-aromatic-
compounds/electrophilic-aromatic-substitution-reactions

You may also find the following useful

1. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/organic-chemistry
2. https://ps.uci.edu/content/chem-51a-organic-chemistry