HDB 20303 BASIC HEMATOLOGY

TOPIC 8: HEMOSTASIS

1. The endothelium maintains blood fluidity and prevents blood clotting by producing _______________.

2. Nitric oxide is a _______________.

3. List the contents of platelet alpha-granules.

: factor V
: factor XI
: protein S
: fibrinogen
: Von Willebrand Factor (VWF)
: platelet factor 4 (heparin inhibitor)
: platelet-derived growth factor

4. List the contents of platelet dense granules.

: adenosine diphosphate (ADP)- activate neighbouring platelets
: adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
: calcium
: serotonin (vasoconstrictor)

5. Coagulation factors are vitamin K-dependent.

6. Explain the function of vitamin K in hemostasis.

: vitamin K plays important role in coagulation process
: it helps in production of fibrinogen & prothrombin in liver

7. Platelet plug are formed in primary hemostasis.

8. Von Willebrand factor (vWF) links platelet to collagen via glycoprotein GP Ib-IX-V.

9. Platelets bind directly to collagen via glycoprotein integrin a2b1 and glycoprotein (GP) VI.

10. Platelets become activated upon adhesion to von Willebrand factor (VWF) and collagen in the
exposed subendothelium after injury.

11. Platelet activation exposes glycoprotein _______________ as _______________ binding site to

mediate platelet-platelet aggregation.

12. Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) functions as paracrine manner to promote further activation of adjacent
platelets.

13. Extrinsic coagulation pathway is initiated when factor VII binds to exposed tissue factor (TF)
expressed on cells of subendothelial layer.

14. Both extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathway converge at the activation of factor VIIa.

15. Thrombin activates factor IX and factor VIII to sustain generation of thrombin.

16. Extrinsic coagulation pathway is shut off by Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI) by inactivating

factor VIIa and Xcomplex.

17. Activated factor XIII involves in the formation of a stable crosslinked fibrin.

18. Prekallikrein, HMWK and factor XII are also called as contact factors.

19. Fibrinolysis is the enzymatic breakdown of fibrin in blood clots.

20. Fibrin is digested to fibrin-degradation products by activated plasmin.

21. Fibrin-bound plasminogen is activated by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).

22. Free plasmin is inactivated by alpha 2-antiplasmin & alpha 2-macroglobulin.

23. Tissue factor inhibitor pathway (TFPI) cleaves residues from partially degraded fibrin to prevent
binding of TPA and plasminogen.

NIDA’UL ‘ADNIE BINTI AHMAD RIDZUAN

12213119087
 HDB 20303 BASIC HEMATOLOGY

TOPIC 9: LABORATORY EVALUATION OF HEMOSTASIS 1

1. Blood sample for coagulation testing is collected in collection tube.

2. The ratio of blood to anticoagulant must be 9 parts blood to 1 part anticoagulant.

3. Whole blood sample for hemostasis testing should be kept at capped and maintained at room
temperature.

4. Factor _______________ is activated if blood sample is kept at _______________ temperature.

5. Platelet-poor-plasma (PPP) can be separated from whole blood specimen and kept at -70 °C for up to
6 months.

6. Bleeding time (BT) assesses the integrity of primary hemostasis.

7. List patient variables unrelated to hemostasis that may influence bleeding time.
: thrombocytopenia
: Von Willebrand disease
: platelet function disorder
: disorders of blood vessels

8. PFA-100 closure time measures the time taken for platelet aggregates to occlude the aperture and
stop the flow of whole blood.

NIDA’UL ‘ADNIE BINTI AHMAD RIDZUAN

12213119087
 HDB 20303 BASIC HEMATOLOGY

TOPIC 10: LABORATORY EVALUATION OF HEMOSTASIS 2

1. Prothrombin time (PT) measures the efficiency of extrinsic pathway and common pathway.

2. Thrombin time (TT) measures the time taken for conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

3. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) measures the efficiency of intrinsic pathway and
common pathway.

4. Individual with factor VII deficiency will show a prolonged prothrombin time (PT).

5. Prothrombin time test reagent contains thromboplastin and calcium chloride.

6. In APTT testing, addition of contact activator such as kaolin-phospholipid reagent to plasma will
activate factor 12 to factor 12a and factor 11 to initiate coagulation.

7. Platelet-poor-plasma (PPP) is prepared by _______________.

8. In APTT testing, timing for clot formation is started after addition of calcium.

9. APTT mixing study that is corrected immediately and prolonged at 1 hour incubation is most likely
caused by _______________.

10. PT mixing study that is corrected immediately is most likely caused by _______________.

11. Clauss technique measures the amount of functional fibrinogen present in plasma.

12. Deficiency of factor XII and factor VIII may cause a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time
(APTT).

NIDA’UL ‘ADNIE BINTI AHMAD RIDZUAN

12213119087