JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY

Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering Department

REFERENC CALCULATION OUTPUT
E
BS 8110:
PART 1

Table of Contents
1. INTERIOR SLAB PANEL (BS 8110: PART 1).....................................................................
2. CORNER SLAB DESIGN.......................................................................................................
3. STAIRCASE DESIGN...........................................................................................................
4. INTERIOR BEAM DESIGN.................................................................................................
5. EDGE BEAM DESIGN.........................................................................................................
6. INTERIOR COLUMN DESIGN...........................................................................................
7. CORNER COLUMN DESIGN..............................................................................................
8. PAD FOOTING.....................................................................................................................
9. WIND ANALYSIS................................................................................................................
10. EARTHQUAKE ANALYSIS............................................................................................

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1. INTERIOR SLAB PANEL (BS 8110: PART 1)

Table 3.9

Span/effective depth = 3600/26

Table 3.4 =138.5 mm say 150mm for practicability.

Overall depth of slab; assume h = ** Expression is faulty ** mm
Length of longer side of slab; ly = 5.04 m
Length of shorter side of slab; lx = 3.6 m

Ly 5.04
= = 1.4
Lx 3.6

1.4 < 2 Hence a two way spanning slab

Clause 3.5.3 Durability and fire resistance
Nominal cover for mild exposure conditions and fire resistance
of 1.5 hrs= 20mm
Slab with 25mm = 2hours > 1.5 hrs hence ok

Design load Two way spanning slab

Dead Load;
Finishes = 0.5 KN/m2
Partitions= 1.5 KN/m2

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Self-Weight = 25 KN/m3 x 0.15m = 3.75 KN/m2

Bs 6399 part Gk = 3.75 + 2.0 = 5.75 KN/m2
1
Table 1 part Imposed load = 2.0
C N=1.4Gk + 1.6Qk
design Load= (1.4 x 5.75 + 1.6 x 2 )=11.25 KN/m2
n = 11.25 KN/m2
Maximum Design Moment;
Table 3.14
Bending Moment Coefficient;

Short span coefficient at continuous edge (negative moments) sxn = 0.050

Long span coefficient at continuous edge (negative moments) syn = 0.032

Short span coefficient at continuous edge (positive moments) sxp = 0.037

Long span coefficient at continuous edge (positive moments) sxp = 0.024

Moments;
Positive moment at midspan in short span;
msxp = sxp  ns  lx2
= 0.037 x 11.25 x 3.62
= 5.4 KNm/m
Positive moments at midspan in long span;
msyp = syp  ns  lx2
Clause 3.5.3.4
= 0.024 x 11.25 x 3.62
= 3.5 KNm/m
Negative moments at continuous edge in short span;
msxp =5.4 KNm/m
msxn = sxn  ns  lx2

= 0.050 x 11.25 x 3.62

msyp =3.5 KNm/m
= 7.3 KNm/m
Clause 3.5.3.4

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Negative moments at continuous edge in long span;

msyn = syn  ns  lx2 msxn =7.3KNm/m

= 0.032 x 11.25 x3.62

= 4.66 KNm/m

REINFORCEMENT
msyn =4.66 KNm/m
Assume the diameter of the main steel ɸ = 10mm

Cover for Moderate mild concrete exposure class c = 25mm

Effective depth of main steel d = h-c- ɸ/2

= 150 – 25 – 10/2 =120 mm

Assuming the diameter of the secondary steel ɸ’=8 mm
main steel ɸ = 10mm

d’ = h-c- ɸ - ɸ’/2

=150 – 25 -10 – 8/2 = 111 mm

Reinforcement
At continuous Edges ;

secondary steel ɸ’=8

Main Steel;
mm
K = Msxn / fcubd2

= (7.3 x 106 )/30 x 103 x1202 =0.017

Z = d[ 0.5 + √ ¿ ¿] Main Steel;

= d[ 0.5 + √ ¿ ¿] = 0.98d>0.95d

Hence take z as 0.95d =114mm

Min area of steel
Astl= Msxn / 0.95fyz 0.13%bh = 195 mm2/m
Clause 3.4.4.4
= (7.3 x 106 )/(0.95 x 460 x114 ) = 146.5 mm2/m
Min area of steel 0.13%bh = 195 mm2/m

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Provide Y10 @ 200mm c/c (Astlprov = 393 mm2 / m )

Provide Y10 @
200mm c/c (Astlprov =
393 mm2 / m )

Secondary Steel;
Table 3.22
K = Msxn / fcubd’2

= 5.4 x 106 /30 x 103 x1112 =0.0146 Secondary Steel;

Z = d[ 0.5 + √ ¿ ¿]

= d[ 0.5 + √ ¿ ¿] = 0.983d>0.95d

Hence take z as 0.95d =105.5mm

z= 105.5mm
Astl= Msxn / 0.95fyz
Min area of steel
0.13%bh = 195 mm2/m
= 5.4 x 106 /(0.95 x 460 x105.5 ) = 117.13 mm2/m
Clause 3.4.4.4 Min area of steel 0.13%bh = 195 mm2/m
Hence provide :

Provide Y 8 @ 250 mm c/c (Astlprov = 201 mm2 / m)

Provide Y 8 @ 250
mm c/c (Astlprov = 201
At Midspan ;
mm2 / m)
Main Steel;
Table 3.22 K = Msxn / fcubd2
At Midspan ;

=4.66 x 106 /30 x 103 x1202 =0.011 Main Steel;

Z = d[ 0.5 + √ ¿ ¿]

= d[ 0.5 + √ ¿ ¿] = 0.987d>0.95d

Clause 3.4.4.4 Hence take z as 0.95d =114mm

Astl= Msxn / 0.95fyz

= 4.66 x 106 /(0.95 x 460 x114 ) = 94 mm2/m

z= 114mm
Min area of steel 0.13%bh = 195 mm2/m
Min area of steel

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Hence provide : 0.13%bh = 195 mm2/m

Provide Y10 @ 200mm c/c (Astlprov = 393 mm2 / m ) Hence provide :
Provide Y10 @
Table 3.22 200mm c/c (Astlprov =
393 mm2 / m )

Secondary Steel;
Secondary Steel;
K = Msxn / fcubd’2
take z as 0.95d
6 3 2
= 3.5 x 10 /30 x 10 x111 =0.00947 =105.5mm

Clause 3.4.4.4
Z = d[ 0.5 + √ ¿ ¿]
Min area of steel
= d[ 0.5 + √ ¿ ¿] = 0.989d>0.95d 0.13%bh = 195 mm2/m

Hence take z as 0.95d =105.5mm Provide Y 8 @ 250

mm c/c (Astlprov = 201
Astl= Msxn / 0.95fyz mm2 / m)
Table 3.22
= 3.5 x 106 /(0.95 x 460 x105.5 ) = 75.91 mm2/m
Table 3.15 Min area of steel 0.13%bh = 195 mm2/m

Provide Y 8 @ 250 mm c/c (Astlprov = 201 mm2 / m)

Shear Check; vx = 0.43

Short Span coefficient vx = 0.43 vy = 0.33

Long Span coefficient vy = 0.33

Vsx = vx x N x lx
Vsx =17.415 KN/m
= 0.43 x 11.25 x 3.6 = 17.415 KN/m

Vsy = vy x h x lx
Vsy =13.4 KN/m

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= 0.33 x 11.25 x 3.6 =13.4 KN/m

Take Critical shear as 17.415 KN/m Critical shear as

17.415 KN/m
Shear stress , V = Vsx /bd
= 17.415 x 10 3/( 103 x 120) = 0.14 N/mm
V=0.14 N/mm
100As/(bd) = 100 x 262 / (103 x 120 )

Table 3.15 = 0.22

Vc = 0.54 N/mm2

Vc= 0.51
3 30 Vc > V hence
Table 3.8
Vc =
√ 25
x 0.51 no shear
reinforcement
= 0.54 N/mm2 required.

Vc > V hence no shear reinforcement required.

Deflection Check;
For a 2 – way spanning slab the deflection check is satisfied if the span/effective
depth ratio in the span does not exceed the appropriate value by modification ratiospan_depth = 30
factor.

Basic span / effective depth ratio (Table 3.9); ratiospan_depth = ** Expression is

Service Stress; =
faulty **
228.2 N/mm2

ratiospan_depth =3.6 x 103 /120 = 30

Table 3.9
Service Stress; Modification Factor;
= 2.05 > 2 hence use
Fs =2/3 x (fy . As req/As prov) a modification factor
of 2
Table 3.10
= 2/3 x 460 X 195/262 = 228.2 N/mm2

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Equation 7
and 8 Modification Factor;
Permissible span /
477−Fs depth ratio = 26 x 2
= 0.55 + = 52 > 30
120 ¿ ¿

477−228.2 Hence okay in

deflection
= 0.55 + 6.84 x 106 = 2.05
120(0.9+ )
1000 x 1202

= 2.05 > 2 hence use a modification factor of 2

Permissible span / depth ratio = 26 x 2 = 52 > 30

Hence okay in deflection.

OUTPUT

Ly
= 1.1
Lx
2. CORNER SLAB DESIGN

BS 8110
PART 1

Two way spanning slab

Span/effective depth = 5000/26

=192 mm try 150 mm

Overall depth of slab; assume h =150 mm
C = 25
Length of longer side of slab; ly = 5.46 m

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Length of shorter side of slab; lx = 5.0 m

Ly 5.46
= = 1.092 APPROX 1.1
Lx 5.0

Table 3.9 1.092 < 2 Hence a two way spanning slab

Durability and fire resistance
Nominal cover for mild exposure conditions and fire resistance
of 1.5 hrs= 20mm
Slab with 25mm = 2hours > 1.5 hrs hence ok

n = 11.25 KN/m2
Table 3.4

Design load
Dead Load;
Finishes = 1.5 KN/m2
Partitions = 0.5 KN/m2
Self-Weight = 25 KN/m3 x 0.15 m = 3.75 KN/m2

Clause 3.5.3 Gk = 3.75 + 2 = 5.75 KN/m2

Imposed load = 2.0 KN/M2
N=1.4Gk + 1.6Qk
design Load= (1.4 x 5.75 + 1.6 x 2.0 )=11.25 KN/m2

Bs 6399 part Maximum Design Moment; msxp =11.8 KNm/m

1
Table 1 part Bending Moment Coefficient;
C
Short span coefficient at continuous edge (negative moments) sxn = 0.056
msyp =9.5625 KNm/m

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Long span coefficient at continuous edge (negative moments) syn = 0.045

Table 3.14 Short span coefficient at discontinuous edge (positive moments) sxp = 0.042

Long span coefficient at discontinuous edge (positive moments) sxp = 0.034

msxn =15.75 KNm/m
Moments;
Positive moment at midspan in short span;
msxp = sxp  ns  lx2
= 0.042 x 11.25 x 52
= 11.8 KNm/m
Positive moments at midspan in long span;
msyp = syp  ns  lx2
msyn =12.65 KNm/m
= 0.034 x 11.25 x 52
= 9.5625 KNm/m
Negative moments at continuous edge in short span;
main steel ɸ = 10mm
msxn = sxn  ns  lx 2
d = 120 mm

= 0.056 x 11.25 x 52

= 15.75 KNm/m

Negative moments at continuous edge in long span; secondary steel ɸ’=8

mm

msyn = syn  ns  lx2 d = 111 mm

= 0.045 x 11.25 x52

= 12.65 KNm/m

REINFORCEMENT

Assume the diameter of the main steel ɸ = 10mm

Main Steel;
Cover for Moderate mild concrete exposure class c = 25mm
take z as 0.95d =114

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mm
Effective depth of main steel d = h-c- ɸ/2

= 150 – 25 – 10/2 =120 mm

Assuming the diameter of the secondary steel ɸ’=8mm
AREA OF STEEL
d’ = h-c- ɸ - ɸ’/2 =316 mm2/m

Clause 3.4.4.4 =150 – 25 -10 – 8/2 = 111mm

Reinforcement
At continuous Edges ;
Provide Y10 @
Main Steel; 200mm c/c (Astlprov =
393 mm2 / m )
K = Msxn / fcubd2

= (15.75 x 106 )/30 x 103 x1202 =0.0364

Z = d[ 0.5 + √ ¿ ¿]
Secondary Steel;
= d[ 0.5 + √ ¿ ¿] = 0.957d>0.95d

Hence take z as 0.95d =114 mm

Astl= Msxn / 0.95fyz

z as 0.95d =105.5mm
= (15.75 x 106 )/(0.95 x 460 x114 ) = 316 mm2/m

Provide Y10 @ 200mm c/c (Astlprov = 393 mm2 / m )

Astl = 274.73mm2/m

Clause 3.4.4.4 Provide Y8 @ 150 mm

c/c (Astlprov = 335 mm2 /
Secondary Steel; m)

K = Msxn / fcubd’2 At Midspan

Main Steel;
= 12.65 x 106 /30 x 103 x1112 =0.03422
z as 0.95d =114 mm
Z = d[ 0.5 + √ ¿ ¿]
Table 3.15 Astl = 236.86 mm2/m
= d[ 0.5 + √ ¿ ¿] = 0.96d>0.95d

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Hence take z as 0.95d =105.5mm Provide Y10 @

200mm c/c (Astlprov =
393 mm2 / m )
Astl= Msxn / 0.95fyz

= 12.65 x 106 /(0.95 x 460 x105.5 ) = 274.73mm2/m

Provide Y8 @ 150 mm c/c (Astlprov = 335 mm2 / m)

At Midspan ; Secondary Steel;

Main Steel;
K = Msxn / fcubd2

=11.8 x 106 / 30 x 103 x1202 =0.02731

Z = d[ 0.5 + √ ¿ ¿]

= d[ 0.5 + √ ¿ ¿] = 0.968d>0.95d

Hence take z as 0.95d =114 mm

Astl= Msxn / 0.95fyz

= 11.8 x 106 /(0.95 x 460 x 114 ) = 236.86 mm2/m take z as 0.95d =105.5
mm
Provide Y10 @ 200mm c/c (Astlprov = 393 mm2 / m )
Astl= 207.414 mm2/m

Secondary Steel; Provide Y8 @ 150 mm

c/c (Astlprov = 335 mm2 /
Table 3.15 K = Msxn / fcubd’2 m)

= 9.5625 KNm/m x 106 /30 x 103 x1112 =0.026

Shear Check;

Z = d[ 0.5 + √ ¿ ¿]
Table 3.22
= d[ 0.5 + √ ¿ ¿] = 0.970d>0.95d

Hence take z as 0.95d =105.5 mm

Vsx =24.75 KN/m
Astl= Msxn / 0.95fyz

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= 9.5625 KNm/m x 106 /(0.95 x 460 x105.5 ) = 207.414 mm2/m Vsy =22.5 KN/m

Provide Y8 @ 150 mm c/c (Astlprov = 335 mm2 / m)

Critical shear as 22.5
KN/m
Shear Check;
Discontinuous continuous

Short Span coefficient vx = 0.29 0.44 V = 0.21

Long Span coefficient vy = 0.26 0.40

Design load at continuous edge

Vsx = vx x N x lx = 0.61 N/mm2
0.61 >0.21
= 0.44 x 11.25 x 5 = 24.75 KN/m
Table 3.15
Vsy = vy x h x lx

= 0.40 x 11.25 x 5 =22.5 KN/m

Take Critical shear as 22.5 KN/m

No shear
reinforcement
Shear stress , V = Vsx /bd
required.
= 24.75 x 10 3/( 103 x 120) = 0.21N/mm
V = 0.21 DISCONTINUOUS
EDGE
100As/(bd) = 100 x 393 / (103 x 120 )

= 0.3275 Vsx = 16.3 KN/m

Vsy = 14.63 KN/m

Vc= 0.57 Take Critical shear as
3 30
Vc =
√ 25
x 0.57 16.3 KN/m

V = 0.14
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Table 3.8 = 0.61 N/mm2

0.61 >0.21
VC = 0.563 N/mm2
Vc > V hence no shear reinforcement required.
DISCONTINUOUS EDGE
Vsx = vx x N x lx
= 0.563 N/mm2
0.563 >0.14
= 0.29 x 11.25 x 5 = 16.3 KN/m

Vsy = vy x h x lx

Table 3.9 = 0.26 x 11.25 x 5 =14.63 KN/m

Take Critical shear as 16.3 KN/m

Shear stress , V = Vsx /bd Ok in deflection.

Table 3.10 3 3
= 16.3 x 10 / ( 10 x 120) = 0.14N/mm
Equation 7 V = 0.14
and 8
100As/(bd) = 100 x 335/ (103 x 120 )

= 0.28
BY INTERPOLATION
TORSION STEEL
VC =0.53
Vc= 0.53 Corner 2
3 30
Vc =
√ 25
x 0.53
Provide T 8 @ 200
c/c area provided
= 0.563 N/mm2 252mm2 /m
0.563 >0.14

Vc > V hence no shear reinforcement required. Corner 3

Provide T8 @ 2000
c/c

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TORSION STEEL
Torsion steel of length 5.46/5 = 1.092 say 1.1
Is to be provided in top and bottom of the slab at external corners marked 1,2,3 Actual span ratio =
41.67
I. Corner 2 , the area of the torsional steel is
A = 0.75 x 393 = 294.75
Secondary steel Service Stress; =
= 274.73 x 0.75 = 206.05 246.68 N/mm2
Provide T 8 @ 200 c/c area provided 252mm2 /m

II. Corner 3 ,the area of torsion steel

A = 0.5 x 206.05 = 103.025
Provide T8 @ 2000 c/c

Table 3.10 Edge strips

Provide minimum reinforcement 8mm @ 200mm c/c

Deflection Check;
For a 2 – way spanning slab the deflection check is satisfied if the span/effective
Modification Factor;
depth ratio in the span does not exceed the appropriate value by modification
factor.
= 1.51
Basic span / effective depth ratio (Table 3.9); ratiospan_depth = ** Expression is
faulty **
Permissible span /
depth ratio = 26 x 2
ratiospan_depth = 5 x 103 /120 = 41.67 = 41.67 > 30

Service Stress; Hence okay in

Table 3.10 deflection.
Fs =2/3 x (fy. As req/As prov)
OUTPUT

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2 x 460 x 316.15
= 3 x 393
= 246.68 N/mm2
BS 8110

Modification Factor;

477−Fs
= 0.55 +
120 ¿ ¿

477−246.68
= 0.55 + = 1.51
120 ¿ ¿

= 1.51> 2 hence use a modification factor of 2

Permissible span / depth ratio = 26 x 2 = 41.67 > 30

Hence okay in deflection.

F= 33kn

M = 10.065

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]
Mf = 1.41

Table 3.9
3. STAIRCASE DESIGN

Table 3.10

Rise = 150 mm Z= 0.95d = 114

Tread = 270 mm
CLAUSE Waist = 150 mm
3.4.4.4

Steep length = √ ¿ ¿ = 2.86

A STL = 202.04
Weight of waist + steps =
(0.15 x 2.86 + 0.27 x 1.5/2 )24 = 15.16 KN

Provide Y10 @
TABLE 3.15 Live load = 3 x2.44 = 7.32 KN 200mm c/c As
Ultimate load = 1.4 Gk + 1.6 Qk provided = 393
= 1.4(15.16) + 1.6(7.32) = 32.936 say 33KN mm2/M
With no effective end restraint ;
FL 33 x 2.44 Traverse distribution
M= = = 10.065 steel
8 8
A STL = 360 mm2 /m
Check span to effective depth ratio
M 10.065 x 106
2= = 0.7
bd 103 x 1202 Provide Y 10 @
200mm c/c Asteel
For simply supported span ; basic ratio = 20 provided = 393
mm2/m

Modification factor fy = 460 n/mm2 = 1.41

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Since the stair flight occupies more than 60% span

Table 3.22
limiting span
= 20 x 1.41 x 1.15 = 32.43
effective depth

Actual span 2440

= = 20.33
effective depth 120

M 10.065
K= 2 = = 0.023
Fcu b d 30 x 103 x 120

Z = d[ 0.5 + √ ¿ ) ] = 0.97d > 0.95d

Z= 0.95d = 114

6
M
A STL = = 10.065 X 10 = 202.04
0.95 Fy Z 0.95 X 460 X 114

Provide Y10 @ 200mm c/c As provided = 393 mm2/m

0.24 bh
Traverse distribution steel =
100

0.24 x 1000 x 150

= 100

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A STL = 360 mm2 /m

Provide Y 10 @ 200mm c/c Asteel provided = 393 mm2/m

Area 1= 11.52

Area 2= 11.664

4. INTERIOR BEAM DESIGN

Area 3= 10.05

(span A-B)

N = 30KN

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(span B-C)

N = 30KN

(span C-D)

N = 27 KN

Calculated areas are as follows :

Area 1 = 5.76 x 2 = 11.52
Area 2 = 5.832 x 2 = 11.664
Area 3 = 4.29 + 5.76 = 10.05
Max ordinates
LOADINGS
AB= 93.75

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Slab self-weight = 0.15 x 25 = 3.75 kn/m2

Finishes = 1.5 kn/m2
partitions = 0.5 kn/m2 BC= 95.256
total dead load = 5.75 kn/m2
imposed load = 2 kn/m2 AB= 84.375
self weight of beam = 0.25 x (0.6-0.15) x 25 = 2.8125 kn/m2
FIXED END
MOMENTS
LOADING (UDL)
AB =62.5
1ST span (span A-B)

DL SLAB X AREA 1
DL = + DL BEAM
SPAN 1
CB= 63.5
5.75 X 11.52
= + 2.8125
5
= 16.0605 DC= 56.25

2 X 11.52 DISTRIBUTION
LL = = = 4.608
5 FACTORS

N = 1.4(16.0605) + 1.6(4.608) = 29.86 say 30KN

1
KBA=
2

LOADING (UDL)
1
2ND span (span B-C) KBC=
2
DL SLAB X AREA 2
DL = + DL BEAM
SPAN 2

5.75 X 11.664
= + 2.8125
5.04
= 16.1

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2 X 11.664
LL = = = 4.63
5

N = 1.4(16.1) + 1.6(4.63) = 29.948 say 30KN

3RD span (span C-D)

DL SLAB X AREA 2
DL = + DL BEAM
SPAN 2

5.75 X 10.05
= + 2.8125
5

= 14.37

2 X 10.05
LL = = = 4.02
5

N = 1.4(14.37) + 1.6(4.02) = 26.55 say 27 KN

Obtaining moments through moment distribution method

Max ordinates for spans
W L2 2
AB = = 30 X 5 = 93.75
8 8

W L2 2
BC = = 30 X 5.04 = 95.256
8 8

W L2 2
AB = = 27 X 5 = 84.375
8 8

FIXED END MOMENTS

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W L2 2
Fixed end moment for AB = Fixed end moment BA = = 30 X 5 = 62.5
12 12

W L2 2
Fixed end moment for BC = Fixed end moment CB = = 30 X 5.04 =
12 12
63.5

W L2 2
Fixed end moment for CD = Fixed end moment DC = = 27 X 5 = 56.25
12 12

DETERMINATION OF DISTRIBUTION FACTORS

JOINT B

4 EI 4 EI
KBA = since beam is fixed at A =
L 5

JOINT C
RA =75
4 EI 4 EI
KBC = since beam is fixed at A =
L 5.04

4 EI 4 EI 1
KBA = ¿) / + = 0.501 =
5 5.04 2

4 EI 4 EI 1
KBC= ¿) / + = 0.498 = RD =67
5 5.04 2

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RB = 139

MOMENT DISTRIBUTION TABLE

RC =155.02
B
A C D
126/25 125/25 126/25 SFA = 0 SFAR =
  1 125/251 1 1   75KN,
SFDL = -75KN
-62.5 62.5 -63.3 63.3 -56.25 56.25
SFB = 62KN,
  0.4 0.4 -3.625 -3.625   SFCL = - 89.2
0.2 0 -1.8125 0.2 0 -1.8125
SFCR = 65.82
  0.906 0.906 -0.1 -0.1  
0.453 0 -0.05 0.453   -0.05 SF DR = -69.18

  0.025 0.025 -0.23 -0.23  

0.115   0.115 0.0125   -0.115
- -
  -0.0575 -0.0575 0.00625 0.00625  
-
0.0287 0.00312 - -
5   5 0.02875   0.00313
-
  0.00313 -0.00313 0.0143 0.0143  
-
-0.0007 0.00156 -0.00156 -0.0007   0.0071

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    0.0071      

61.76 63.77 63.4 60 60.18 55

REACTIONS
Taking moments first to the left of B

30 X 5 2
5RA - MA - + MB = 0 Max span moment =
2
95.256

MA+15 ( 5 2) −MB
RA =
5
62+ 15 ( 52 )−64
RA = = 74.6 SAY 75
5

Taking moments first to the right of C

Max support moment
= 64
27 X 52
-5RD - MD - + MC = 0
2

Max shear = 89.2

2
MD+13.5 ( 5 )−MC
RD =
5

55+13.5 ( 52 )−60
RD = = 66.5 SAY 67
5

Taking moments first to the left of C

2
5 5.04
(
10.04 RA - 30 ( 5 ) 5.04+ − 30 x
2 )( 2 )
+5.04 RB+60=0

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2
5 5.04
( )(
10.04 (75) - 30 ( 5 ) 5.04+ − 30 x
2 2 )
+5.04 RB+60=0

753 – 1131 – 381.024 + 5.04 RB + 60 =0

RB = 138.69 SAY 139

∑V = 0 d= 569
Bw = 250
RA +RB +RC + RD = 0
Table 3.9
30 X 5 + 30 X 5.04 + 27 X 5 = 436.2

RC = 436.02 – 75 -139 – 67 = 155.02

SHEAR FORCE VALUES

Table 3.3
SFA = 0 , SFAR = 75KN, SFDL = 75 - (30x5) = -75KN

SFB = -75 + 137 = 62KN, SFCL = 62 – (30 X 5.04) = - 89.2

SFCR = -89.2 + 155.02 = 65.82

SF DR = 65.82 – (27 X 5) = -69.18 Bf= 950 mm

SFD

Clause 3.4.1.5

BMD

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K= 0.04< 0.156

No compression
reinforcement
required

Z =540.55

Clause 3.4.4.4

30 X 2.5 2 Astl=403.25 mm2/m

MX = Bmax = = 93.75
2
Provide 4 Y12 @
30 X 2.522 (Astlprov = 452 mm2 / m)
Bmax = = 95.256
2

Mu =1439.4 Knm
27 X 2.52
Bmax = = 84.375
2
Therefore Mu > M
Hence no compression
reinforcement required
Max span moment = 95.256

Max support moment = 64 195 mm2

Table 3.10
Max shear = 89.2
Provide 3 Y10 @ 236
mm2 secondary steel
BEAM DESIGN

Astl= 257.386

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Eff depth= 555

Mu= 1369.5 Knm

base span
= 20.8
effective depth Mu > M
Hence no compression
reinforcement required
5000
d = = 240 < 600
20.8
Provide 3 Y12 @
STEEL REINFORCEMENT Ast 339 mm2

Assume diameter of main bars = 12 mm

SHEAR
Links = 8mm

Cover = 25mm
Vc =0.457
Effective depth = d = h – c-Ø/2 = 600 – 25 – 12/2 = 569

d= 569
Bw = 250

Effective width of flanged beam

Table 3.18
Bf = Lz/5 = Ɣ= 0.627
5 x 1000 x 0.7
= 700 mm
5
0.627 < 0.8 √ 30 =
Lz =0.7L 4.38

For T beams

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Bf = Bw + Lz/5 = 250 + 700 = 950 mm Provide R8@300mm

spacing

Clause 3.4.5.2
Eq 3

Table 3.13
Deflection

M 6 Bw
K = = 95.256 x 10 = 0.04 < 0.156 = 0.26 < 0.3
Bf
Fcu b d 2 30 x 250 x 569

No compression reinforcement required

Fs= 273.6 N/mm2
Z = d[ 0.5 + √ ¿ ¿]

Z = d[ 0.5 + √ ¿ ) ] = 0.953d > 0.95d

Table 3.9 0.95 d = 0.95 x 569 = 540.55 Mf= 1.36 < 2 hence
ok
Area of steel reinforcement

Clause 3.4.6.3 Astl= M / 0.95fyz

= 95.256 KNm/m x 106 /(0.95 x 460 x 540.55 ) = 403.25 mm2/m ok in deflection

Provide 4 Y12 @ (Astlprov = 452 mm2 / m)

Now ultimate moment

Eq 7
Mu = 0.156 Fcu b d2
= 0.156 x 30 x 950 x 5692 x 10-6 = 1439.4 Knm

Mu > M

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Hence no compression reinforcement required

Hence providing minimal reinforcement at our anchor bars

= 0.13 % b h = 0.13 % x 250 x 600 = 195 mm 2

Provide 3 Y10 @ 236 mm2 secondary steel

AREA OF STEEL AT SUPPORTS

CRITICAL(hogging)

Astl =
M
= 64 X 106 = 257.386
0.95 Fy Z 0.95 X 460 X 569

Assume main steel, one layer = 12 mm Ø

Area 1= 4.6875
Links = 8mm Ǿ , cover = 25 mm

Eff depth = h – Ø - Ǿ -C = 600 – 12 – 8 – 25 = 555 Area 2= 4.7875

Mu = 0.156 Fcu b d2
= 0.156 x 30 x 950 x 5552 x 10-6 = 1369.5 Knm Area 3= 4.6875

Mu > M
Hence no compression reinforcement required

Astl =
M
= 64 X 106 = 257.386
0.95 Fy Z 0.95 X 460 X 569

Provide 3 Y12 @ Ast 339 mm2

SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

100 As 100 X 452

bd
= 250 x 569
= 0.3177
(span A-B)

By interpolation
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N = 16 KN
0.50−0.3177 0.50−x
0.3177−0.25
= x−0.40

X = 0.43
❑
30
Vc = 0.43 x ∛ ( )
25
= 0.457

3
v
Shear stress Ɣ = = 89.2 x 10 = 0.627
bd 250 x 569

0.627 < 0.8 √ 30 = 4.38 (span B-C)

Diameter and spacing of links should be less than 0.75d

Where v
Ɣ > (Vc + 0.4) = 0.45 + 0.4 = 0.85

Design links required according to

Asv b(V −Vc) 250(0.627−0.45)

sv
= = = 0.101 say 0.2
0.95 Fy z 0.95 x 460
N = 16 KN
Hence provide R8@300mm spacing

Max spacing of links = 0.75 d

= 0.75 x 569 = 426 which is > 300mm so ok.

Deflection check

Actual span 5000 (span C-D)

Effective depth
= 569
= 8.78

N = 16 KN
Bw 250
Bf
= 950
= 0.26 < 0.3

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base span
= 20.8
effective depth

Max ordinates
2 fY Ast required 2 x 460 x 403.25
Fs = = = 273.6 N/mm2 AB= 50
3 Ast provided 3 x 452

477−273.6 BC= 51
Mf = 0.55 + 95.256 x 106 = 1.36 < 2 hence ok
120(0.9+ )
250 x 5692 AB= 50

20.8 x 1.36 = 28.4 > actual (8.78) hence ok in deflection

FIXED END
MOMENTS

AB =33.33

CB= 33.868

DC= 33.33

5. EDGE BEAM DESIGN

DISTRIBUTION
FACTORS

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1
KBA= or 126/251
2

1
KBC= or 125/251
2

Calculated areas are as follows :

Area 1 = ½(5 + 2.5)1.25 = 4.6875
Area 2 = ½(5.04 + 2.54)1.25 = 4.7875
Area 3 = ½(5 + 2.5)1.25 = 4.6875

LOADINGS

Slab self-weight = 0.15 x 25 = 3.75 kn/m2

Finishes = 1.5 kn/m2
partitions = 0.5 kn/m2
total dead load = 5.75 kn/m2
imposed load = 2 kn/m2
self weight of beam = 0.25 x 0.6 x 25 =3.75 kn/m2

LOADING (UDL)

1ST span (span A-B)

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DL SLAB X AREA 1
DL = + DL BEAM
SPAN 1

5.75 X 4.6875
= + 3.75
5
= 9.14 RA = 40

2 X 11.52
LL = = = 1.875
5

N = 1.4(9.14) + 1.6(1.875) = 15.796 say 16 KN

LOADING (UDL)
RD = 40
2ND span (span B-C)

DL SLAB X AREA 2
DL = + DL BEAM
SPAN 2

5.75 X 4.7875
= + 3.75
5.04

= 9.21
RB = 87kn

2 X 4.7875
LL = = = 1.899
5.04

N = 1.4(9.21) + 1.6(1.899) = 15.9352 say 16 KN

3RD span (span C-D)

RC = 73.64

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DL SLAB X AREA 2
DL = + DL BEAM
SPAN 2

5.75 X 4.6875
= + 3.75
5
= 9.14

SFA = 0 SFAR =
2 X 11.52
LL = = = 1.875 40KN,
5 SFDL = -40

SFB = 47KN,
N = 1.4(9.14) + 1.6(1.875) = 15.796 say 16 KN SFCL = - 33.64

SFCR = 40 KN

Obtaining moments through moment distribution method SF DR = - 40 Kn

Max ordinates for spans
W L2 2
AB = = 16 X 5 = 50
8 8

W L2 2
BC = = 16 X 5.04 = 51
8 8

W L2 2
AB = = 16 X 5 = 50
8 8

FIXED END MOMENTS

W L2 2
Fixed end moment for AB = Fixed end moment BA = = 16 X 5 = 33.33
12 12

W L2 2
Fixed end moment for BC = Fixed end moment CB = = 16 X 5.04 =
12 12
33.868

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W L2 2
Fixed end moment for CD = Fixed end moment DC = = 16 X 5 = 33.33
12 12
Max span moment =
51

DETERMINATION OF DISTRIBUTION FACTORS

JOINT B
Max support moment
4 EI 4 EI = 34.15
KBA = since beam is fixed at A =
L 5

JOINT C
Max shear = 47KN,
4 EI 4 EI
KBC = since beam is fixed at A =
L 5.04

4 EI 4 EI 1
KBA = ¿) / + = 0.501 =
5 5.04 2

4 EI 4 EI 1
KBC= ¿) / + = 0.498 =
5 5.04 2
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION TABLE d= 569
A B C D Bw = 250
  126/251 125/251 125/251 126/251  
-33.5 33.5 -34 34 -33.5 33.5
  0.25 0.25 0.25 -0.25  
0.125 0 -0.125 0.125 0 -0.125
  0.0625 0.0625 -0.0625 -0.0625  
0.03125 0 -0.03125 0.03125   -0.03125
  0.015625 0.015625 -0.01563 -0.01563  
0.007813 0 0.007813 0.007813 0 -0.00781

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  -0.0039 -0.0039 -0.0039 -0.0039  

-0.00195 0 -0.00195 -0.00195   -0.00195
  -0.0009 -0.0009 -0.0009 -0.0009  
-33.3379 33.82333 -34.1504 34.16211 -33.8329 33.33399

REACTIONS
Taking moments first to the left of B

16 X 52
5RA - MA - + MB = 0
2

MA+ 8 ( 52 )−MB
RA =
5
Bf= 600 mm
33.5+8 ( 52 )−34
RA = = 39.9 SAY 40
5 K= 0.021 < 0.156

Taking moments first to the right of C

No compression
2
16 X 5 reinforcement
-5RD - MD - + MC = 0 required
2

MD+8 ( 52 ) −MC
RD =
5 Z =540.55

33.5+8 ( 52 )−34
RD = = 39.9 say 40
5
Table 3.9
Taking moments first to the left of C
Astl=403.25 mm2/m

36 | P a g e
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5 5.04 2 Provide 4 Y12 @

Table 3.3
( 2 )(
10.04 RA - 16 ( 5 ) 5.04 + − 16 x
2 )
+5.04 RB+34=0 (Astlprov = 452 mm2 /
m)

5 5.042
(
10.04 (33.5) - 16 ( 5 ) 5.04 +
2)(
− 16 x
2 )
+5.04 RB+34=0
Mu =909.121 Knm
336.34 – 603.2 – 203.21 + 5.04 RB + 34 =0
Mu > M
RB = 86.5 say 87kn Hence no
compression
∑V = 0 reinforcement
required
Clause 3.4.1.5 RA +RB +RC + RD = 0

16 X 5 + 16 X 5.04 +16 X 5 = 240.64 195 mm2

RC =240.64 – 40 -87 – 40 = 73.64

Provide 3 Y10 @
236 mm2 secondary
SHEAR FORCE VALUES steel

SFA = 0 , SFAR = 40KN, SFDL = 40 - (16x5) = -40

SFB = -40 + 87 = 47KN, SFCL = 47 – (16 X 5.04) = - 33.64

Astl= 134.73
SFCR = -33.64 + 73.64 = 40 KN

SF DR = 40 – (16 X 5) = - 40 Kn

SFD Eff depth= 555

Mu= 864.9342 Knm

Clause 3.4.4.4

Mu > M
Hence no

37 | P a g e
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compression
reinforcement
required

Provide 3 Y12 @
Ast 339 mm2

SHEAR

BMD
Vc =0.457
Table 3.10

Ɣ= 0.3304

16 X 2.5
2 0.3304 < 0.8 √ 30 =
MX = Bmax = = 50 4.38
2

16 X 2.522
Bmax = = 51
2

16 X 2.52
Bmax = = 50
2
Therefore

Max span moment = 51

Deflection
Max support moment = 34.15

38 | P a g e
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Max shear = 47KN,

Bw
= 0.26 < 0.3
Bf
BEAM DESIGN

Fs= 273.6 N/mm2

Mf= 1.36 < 2 hence

ok

Table 3.18 ok in deflection

base span
= 20.8
effective depth

5000
d = = 240 < 600
20.8

STEEL REINFORCEMENT
Clause 3.4.5.2
Eq 3 Assume diameter of main bars = 12 mm

Links = 8mm

Table 3.13 Cover = 25mm

Effective depth = d = h – c-Ø/2 = 600 – 25 – 12/2 = 569

d= 569
Bw = 250

39 | P a g e
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Effective width of flanged beam

Bf = Lz/5 =
5 x 1000 x 0.7
= 700 mm
5

Lz =0.7L
Table 3.9

For L beams

Clause 3.4.6.3 Bf = Bw + Lz/10 = 250 +350 = 600 mm

Table 3.19

Eq 7

3.8.4.3

equation 38
M 51 x 106
K = 2 = = 0.021 < 0.156
Fcu b d 30 x 250 x 56 92
Table 3.22
No compression reinforcement required

Z = d[ 0.5 + √ ¿ ¿]

Z = d[ 0.5 + √ ¿ ) ] = 0.97d > 0.95d

0.95 d = 0.95 x 569 = 540.55

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Area of steel reinforcement

Astl= M / 0.95fyz

= 51 KNm/m x 106 /(0.95 x 460 x 540.55 ) = 216 mm2/m

Provide 4 Y12 @ (Astlprov = 452 mm2 / m)

Area = 23.5 m2

Now ultimate moment

Gk = 5.75 kn/m2
Mu = 0.156 Fcu b d2
Table 3.18 = 0.156 x 30 x 600 x 5692 x 10-6 = 909.121 Knm Qk = 2 kn/m2

Mu > M Max ultimate load at

floor level =
Hence no compression reinforcement required
264.375Kn

Total dead load

Hence providing minimal reinforcement at our anchor bars = 265Kn

= 0.13 % b h = 0.13 % x 250 x 600 = 195 mm2

Provide 3 Y10 @ 236 mm2 secondary steel

Clause 3.4.5.2
Eq 3 AREA OF STEEL AT SUPPORTS

CRITICAL(hogging)
Table 3.13
M 33.5 X 106
Astl = = = 134.73
0.95 Fy Z 0.95 X 460 X 569

Assume main steel, one layer = 12 mm Ø

41 | P a g e
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Links = 8mm Ǿ , cover = 25 mm

Eff depth = h – Ø - Ǿ -C = 600 – 12 – 8 – 25 = 555

Mu = 0.156 Fcu b d2
= 0.156 x 30 x 600 x 5552 x 10-6 = 864.9342 Knm

Mu > M
Table 3.9 Hence no compression reinforcement required

M 33.5 X 106
Astl = = = 134.73
0.95 Fy Z 0.95 X 460 X 569

Clause 3.4.6.3
Provide 3 Y12 @ Ast 339 mm2

SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
Table 3.19

100 As 100 X 452

= = 0.3177
Eq 7 bd 250 x 569

By interpolation

0.50−0.3177 0.50−x
=
3.8.4.3 0.3177−0.25 x−0.40

X = 0.43
equation 38 30 ❑
Vc = 0.43 x ∛ ( )
25
= 0.457

Table 3.22
v 47 x 103
Shear stress Ɣ = = = 0.3304
bd 250 x 569

0.3304 < 0.8 √ 30 = 4.38

Diameter and spacing of links should be less than 0.75d

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Where v Area = 4.875 M2

Ɣ < Vc= I.E 0.33 < 0.45 hence no shear reinforcement required

Gk = 5.75 kn/m2

Qk = 2 kn/m2

Max ultimate load at

Deflection check
floor level = 63.25
Kn

Actual span 5000

= = 8.78
Effective depth 569 Total dead load
= 877.44

Bw 250
= = 0.42 > 0.3 Total N = 1298.8125
Bf 600
Kn
base span
= 20.8 COLUMN
effective depth
MOMENTS

= 345.345 Knm
2 fY Ast required 2 x 460 x 403.25
Fs = = = 273.6 N/mm2
3 Ast provided 3 x 452 MEMBER
STIFFNESS
477−273.6
Mf = 0.55 + 95.256 x 106 = 1.36 < 2 hence ok
120(0.9+ )
250 x 5692 KAB/2 = 4.77 X 103

20.8 x 1.36 = 28.4 > actual (8.78) hence ok in deflection

Column= 1.7 x 10-3

At ground level

= 1.255 x 103

43 | P a g e
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K1 = 0.495

K2 = 0.365

At first floor

= 3.877 x 10-3

FEMAB =
157.13KN/M

6. Interior Column design Column moments

Column 1
=77.78Kn/m

Column 2=57.352
Kn/m

BS 8110
CLAUSE Assume Ø = T 20
3.11 Ǿ=8
C = 25

100 Asc
= 0.4
bh

Asc = 1000mm2

LOADING
Hence provide 4T20
@1260mm2
Dead load = 0.15 x 25 = 3.75
Finishes = 0.5
Partitions = 1.5
Live load = 2kn/m2

44 | P a g e
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Gk = 5.75 kn/m2

Qk = 2 kn/m2

A = 4.68 x 5.02 = 23.5 m2

SW slab = 0.15 x 25 = 3.75 Kn/m2

N = 1.4(5.75) + 1.6 (2) = 11.25 Kn

Max ultimate load at each floor N X A

11.25 X 23.5 = 264.375

SAY 265Kn
SW of column 1 = 0.5 x 0.5 x 3.15 x 25 x 1.4 = 27.6 Kn

SW of column 2 = 0.5 x 0.5 x 4.15 x 25 x 1.4 = 36.3125Kn

Axial load N = (265 x 15) + (27.6 x 13) + 36.3125 = 4370.1125

Effective height of column Le
Lo = βLo but Lo =3.15
Β = 1.6 end condition ;top1 ,bottom 3
Lex= 3.15 – 0.6 = 2.55
Ley = 3.15 – 0.15 = 3
Lex = 2.55 x 1.6 = 4.08
Ley = 1.6 x 3 = 4.8
Lex/h =ley/b = 1.008 < 10 hence short column

N = 0.4 fcu Ac + 0.8 Asc fy

N = 4835 Kn
4370.1125 x 103 = 0.4 x 30 x 5002 + 0.8 Asc x 460

4370.1125 x 10 3 = 3 x 106 + 368 Asc

Asc = 3315 mm2

45 | P a g e
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Hence provide 8 T 25 @ 3930mm2

links = ¼ x 25 = 6.25 <8mm hence provide R8 links

spacing = 12 x 25 = 300 N
= 12.0875
hence provide R8 links @300mm spacing. Sbc

Self weight = 320 kn

7. Corner Column design

M = 462.4375 Knm
CLAUSE
3.11.4.5

CLAUSE A = 2.5 X 1.95 = 6.825 M2

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3.11.4.5 D = 730 mm
LOADING

Dead load = 0.15 x 25 = 3.75

Finishes = 0.5
Partitions = 1.5 Mu= 2493.972 knm
Live load = 2kn/m2

Gk = 5.75 kn/m2

Qk = 2 kn/m2 , Fy = 460 N/mm2 K = 0.028925

Max ultimate load at floor level = 5.0 (1.4Gk + 1.6 Qk)= 63.25 Kn

LOADINGS Z = 0.95d =693.5

Maximum ultimate load at each floor = N x A mm
N X AREA = 6.825 x 11.25 = 76.78125
Total dead load brought about by the floors =
76.78125 x 16 = 1228.5
Asc = 1524.453
Load from the columns = mm2/m
0.5 x 0.5 x 3.15 x 1.4 x 25 = 27.5 Kn
= 27.5 x 14 + 36.3125 = 421.3125Kn Hence provide T20
Total N = 1649.8125 Kn @ 200 mm spacing
(As provided = 1570
COLUMN MOMENTS mm2 ) both ways

63.25 X 5.46 = 345.345 Knm

MEMBER STIFFNESS
Beam
0.5 X 0. 53
KAB/2 = ½ BH3/12 LAB = = 4.77 X 103
12 X 5.46 X 2
Columns
0.5 X 0.53 critical perimeter
Kcolumn = = 1.7 x 10-3
12 X 3.15

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0.5 X 0.53 = 10760mm

At ground level = = 1.255 x 103
12 x 4.15

Sum = 3.432 x 10-3

V = 2646.728 Kn
1.7 x 10−3
Distribution factor for K1 = = 0.495
3.432 x 10−3

1.255 x 10 3 punching shear

Distribution factor for K2 = = 0.365
3.432 x 10−3
Ɣ = 0.34
At first floor
∑ k = 1.7 x 10-3 x 2 + 4.77 10-4 = 3.877 x 10-3
FIXED END MOMENTS
Vc = 0.425
63.25 X 5.4 62
FEMAB= = 157.13KN/M
12
Column moments
Column 1 = 0.495 x 157.13 = 77.78Kn/m
Column 2 = 0.365 x 157.13 = 57.352 Kn/m
57.352
At foundation M = 28.68
12
CLAUSE
3.11.4.5 FLOOR N M N/bh M/bh2 Face shear
1649.8125 77.78 6.6 0.64
V max
Assume Ø = T 20
Ǿ=8 =3.311n/mm2 <
permissible = 0.8
C = 25
√ fcu= 4.38
= 500 – 25 – 8 -20/2 = 457 mm
d/h = 0.914
from chart 29
100 Asc
= 0.4
bh

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0.4 x 500 x 500

Hence Asc = = 1000mm2
100
Hence provide 4T20 @1260mm2
LINKS
=1/4 d =1/4 x 20 = 5 <8mm
Hence provide r8 rings
LINK SPACING
=12(d)
=12 x 20 = 240mm
CP3 Say 250 mm spacing.
CLAUSE 5.5

KS-01-03 V design= 34.5

TABLE 1

CP3
CL 3.1.1

Q= 0.72962kn/m

CL 4.3.2

Force = Q x A

FX= 40.5899 Kn
CLAUSE 5 8. Pad footing FZ= 60.8798Kn

49 | P a g e
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CL 5.5

Given :

Fcu = 30N/mm2

Fy = 460 N/mm2

N = 4370 + 28 + 10% pad

=4835 Kn
Say 4835 Kn

Soil bearing capacity (sbc) = 400 kn/m2

Plan area of base

N 4835
Sbc
= 400
= 12.0875

Assuming a square footing

Plan dimension = √ 12.0875 = 3.48 m
Say 4m x 4m

Plan area = 4 x 4 = 16 m2
Assume overall footing depth , h = 800mm
Selfweight of footing = area x h x density

= 16 x 0.8 x 25 = 320 kn
Bending moment

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Design moment, M
Total ultimate load , w = 4835 Kn

Earth pressure =
N 4835 Kn
Area
= 16 = 302.1875 kn/m2 < Sbc = 400 kn/m2

Maximum design moment(M) occurs at the face of the column

CP3 w l 2 302 x 1.75 2

M= = = 462.4375 Knm
2 2

Effective depth
Cover to reinforcement
C= 50mm
Assume T 20 bars will be needed as bending reinforcement in both directions
TABLE 10

Hence average effective depth of reinforcement

d=h-c – Ø = 800 – 50 -20 = 730 mm

ultimate moment
Mu = 0.156 x Fcu x bd2
= 0.156 x 30 x 1000 x 7302 x 10-6
= 2493.972 knm

Since Mu > M no compression reinforcement is required

TABLE 10
K = M / fcubd2

= (462.4375 KNm/m x 106 ) /30 x 103 x5382 =0.028925

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Z = d[ 0.5 + √ ¿ ¿]

= d[ 0.5 + √ ¿ ¿] = 0.966d>0.95d (cpe – cpi) = 0.95

40.8599 X 0.95 =
Hence take z as 0.95d =693.5 mm 38.82

Asc = M / 0.95fyz

= 462.4375 KNm/m x 106 /(0.95 x 460 x 693.5) = 1524.453 mm2/m

Min area of steel = 0.13% bh
0.13
= x 1000x 800 = 1040 mm2
100

Hence provide T20 @ 200 mm spacing

(As provided = 1570 mm2 ) both ways

Punching shear
critical perimeter = column perimeter + 8 x 1.5 d
= 2(500+500) + 8 x 1.5 x 730

= 10760mm

Area within the perimeter is ;

= (500 + 3d)(500 + 3d)
= (500 + 3 x 730)(500 + 3 x 730 )
=7236100 = 7.236 x 106 mm2
Ultimate punching force V is ( load on shaded area)

V= earth pressure x shaded area

= 302 x (16 – 7.236)
= 2646.728 Kn

Design punching shear

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3
v
Ɣ= = 2646.728 x 10 = 0.34
perimeter x d 10760 x 730

100 Asc 100 x 1570

= = 0.215
bd 103 x 730

Vc from the table = 0.4

30
Vc = ∛ [ ¿ x 0.4 = 0.425
25
Vc is greater than Ɣ hence punching shear is less likely

Face shear

w
V max =
column perimeter x d

4835 x 103
= 2 ( 500+500 ) x 730 =3.311n/mm2 < permissible = 0.8√ fcu= 4.38
[ ]

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9. Wind analysis
Given floor to floor height = 3.15
GF TO 15 th flr(roof)
Task : to determine wind loads in both x and z directions
Location = keroka kisii, Nyanza area
Wind speed from code = 50m/s
Hence Vbasic = 50 m/s

V design =
V basic x S1 x S2 x S3
Take a case of up-mez floor,

floor height elevation S2 V design

UP-MEZ 4.15 7.3 0.69 34.5

V design = 50 x 1 x 0.69 x 1 = 34.5

S2 was determined as follows
Keroka is classified as ground roughness 3
Its also class B because its vertical dimension doesn’t exceedd 50 metres

To get Q = Kvd2
= 0.613 x 34.52 = 0.72962kn/m

Calculating the area about x-x axis we have

½ (4.15) + ½(3.15) = 3.65 x 15.240 = 55.63m2
Calculating the area about z-z axis
3.65 x 22.86 = 83.44m2
Force = Q x A
FX = 0.72962 Kn x 55.63 = 40.5899 Kn
FZ= 0.72962 X 83.44 = 60.8798Kn

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Final force = F = (CPe – Cpi) QA=

CASE 1 ,wind direction in x direction
B= dimension of wind normal to wind
D = dimension in direction of wind
L = greater horizontal dimension
W = lesser horizontal dimension

B = 15.24
D = 22.86
L= 22.86
W = 15.24
h/b = 48.25/15.24 = 3.166
l/w = 22.86/15.24 = 1.5
b/d = 15.24/22.86 = 0.667

(cpe – cpi) = 0.95

40.8599 X 0.95 = 38.82

CASE 2 ,wind direction in z direction

B= dimension of wind normal to wind
D = dimension in direction of wind
L = greater horizontal dimension
W = lesser horizontal dimension

B = 22.86
D = 15.24
L= 22.86
W = 15.24
h/b = 48.25/15.24 = 3.166
l/w = 22.86/15.24 = 1.5
b/d = 22.86/15.24 = 1.5

(cpe – cpi) = 1.05

60.8798 X 1.05 = 63.924

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force per frame

case 1, x direction

38.82/3 = 12.85kn

CASE 2, Z DIRECTION

63.924/6 = 10.654kn

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10. Earthquake analysis

Assume all beams are 600 x 250
Columns are 500 x 500
Slab thickness = 150 mm
Storey height = 3.15
No of floors = 16
Only 1 floor is below ground level
Location is Keroka, Nyamira County.
Also assume hard rock of GBP 400Kn/m2

Flexible ,use = office use

Aspect ratio = l/b = 22.86/15.24 = 1.5

Need for joint =

L= 22.86 while b = 15.24m
Both are <30 metres hencee no need for joint
Classify building

15 storey > 4 storey hence class A

Zone of building
Zone VI
Type of structure
Earthquake loading is distributed on the frame directly( no shear walls or
bracings)
Hence Flexible
Need for earthquake analysis
Table 1: there is need for analysis
DETERMINING THE EARTHQUAKE LOAD

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= f=cxw
C = coefficient from table 2
W = selfweight of structure including wallc= 0.015
Estimating the weight
Slab = 150 mm
Beams = 250 x 600
Column = 500 x 500

0.25 x (0.6-0.15) x 25 x [(7 x 15.04) + (4 x 22.66)]

= 551.025

Columns

= 0.5 x 0.5 x 2.55 x 25 x 28 = 446.25

Slab

= 0.15 x 25 x 15.04 x 22.66 = 1278.024

Walls

Assume wall density = 20kn/m3

Shorter faces = 0.2 x 2.55 x 15.04 x20 x 2 = 307
Longer faces = 0.2 x 1.4 x 22.66 x 20 x 2 = 254

Summary of dead load on plan

Slab = 0.15 x 25 = 3.75 kn/m2
Finishes = 1.2 kn/m2
Partitions = 1.5 kn/m2
Beams + columns + partition = 446.25 + 551.025 + 307 + 254 = 1558.275 Kn
Say = 1560 Kn/(15.04 x 22.66) = 4.6 kn/m2
Total dead load = 11.05

W for the whole building ; multiply by the number of floors

11.05 x 15 x 22.86 x 15.24 = 57745.0458

F = c x w = total horizontal force for the whole building

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= 0.015 x 57745.0458 = 866.175

Looking for Cx

Cz =

0.09 H
Now T = Where H is height above base and D = width of building in
√D
directon assessed

0.09 x 46.6
value of T in x = = 1.074
√ 15.24

0.09 x 46.6
value of T in Z = = 0.8772
√ 22.86

except for flexible frames, T should not be less than 0.1 where N is the number
of storeys.

1.1 x 15 = 1.5

0.05
C basic x = = 0.0522
3 √ 0.8772

0.05
C basic z = = 0.04882
3 √ 1.074

C in x direction = 0.25 cb = 0.25 x 0.0522 = 0.01305

C in z direction = 0.25 cb = 0.25 x 0.04882 = 0.012205

Fz = 0.012205 x 57745.0458 = 704.778

Fx = 0.01305 x 57745.0458 = 753.573

Distribution of the loads

hn 2
To the roof = Ft = 0.004f ( ) = 753.573
Ds

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Ftx =
46.6 2
0.004 x 753.573 ( ) = 12.525
22.86

Ftx =
46.6 2
0.004 x 704.778 ( ) = 26.36
15.24

obtain wx which is weight per floor = total weight /no of floors =mx = 11.05 x
22.86 x 15.24 = 3850 Kn
FOR

Obtaining wx Hx = 3850 x 43.45 = 167282.5 kn

FLOOR h Elev weight Weight per wxhx

per floor (x) floor
11-12 3.15 43.45 3850 167282.5

( f −ft ) wxhx
Fx = = (753.573 – 13) x 167282.5/1235108 = 93.31185
∑ wihi

Force per frame = 93.31185/3 = 31.10395

As for stabilizing moment

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= force peer frame x elevation height

= 31.10395 x 43.45 = 1351.457

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Type equation here .

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