1000 CUBIC METRE CONCRETE TANK DESIGN

Tank Geometry and Dimensions

Internal tank dimensions 12m x 12m

Tank height 3900mm

Maximum water level 3500mm

Base thickness 350mm

Columns size 300mm*300mm

Beams size 350mm*300mm

Roof slab thickness 200mm

MATERIAL PROPERTIES

1) Concrete unit weight γc = 24KN/m3

2) Steel Tensile strength:
High Yield f y =460N/mm2

Mild steel fyv =250N/mm2

3) Concrete strength fcu =35N/mm2

4) Water unit weight γw = 9.81KN/m3

PARTIAL SAFETY FACTORS

(i) Loads γf :

Dead Load = 1.4

Live Load = 1.6
Service Load = 1.0

(ii) Reinforced Steel = 1.15

(iii) Concrete γm = 1.5

Assumptions

1. The tank is considered to be above ground

2. Wind forces are negligible
REFERENCE CALCULATIONS RESULT
Wall Design

Wall thickness

The wall to be designed as a pure cantilever wall

For a 3.9 m high wall, the wall thickness= 300mm h=300mm

Estimated wall thickness to be designed and checked for; adequate

strength, shear capacity, deflection, and crack width.

Effective depth of the center of tension steel from the face of concrete,

Where:
Cover for water retaining structures = 40mm
Assuming bar diameter of 16mm
h is the wall thickness=300mm
Table A3.2 d=252mm
Maximum effective depth of a section d= h-c-∅ /2
d=300-40-16/2
d=252mm

Effective height = 3900- (200+350) +350/2

Heff=3525mm
For triangular loading

Design moment = Vf*Wg* H3/6

Md = 1.4*9.81* 3.525 3*1/6

100.3KNm
Where:
BS 8007 Sect.
4.1 Appendix Vf is the partial safety factor for dead loads
Tables A3, A5 Wg is the unit weight of water
H is the effective height of wall

Ultimate Moment = 0.156fcubd2

Mu = 0.156*35*1000*2522 346.7KNm

Mu ˃ Md OK

K= M u /f cu b d 2

M u is the ultimate moment from factored load

f cuis concrete strength

b is width of cantilever (i.e. meter run)

d is effective depth

0.156
6
346.7∗10
=
35∗1000∗2522

Lever arm Z= d[ 0.5 + √ ¿25-K/0.9)]≤ 0.95d

= d[ 0.5+√ ¿ ¿
196.6mm
=-0.78d<0.95d
Use 0.78d = 0.78*252

Area of steel= M u/(0.87 f y Z ¿

4406 mm2

346.7∗106
=
0.87∗460∗196.6

Minimum Reinforcement, A smin 0.4%bh

0.4 1200 mm2

*1000*300
100

Since A smin< A s,use A s as critical

Provide T32 at spacing 175mm c/c, Area of steel 4600mm2

For the tank partition wall, provide same reinforcement as inner face of
wall =4600 mm2

Wall Shear Limit Check

Critical shear is assumed to be at the root of the cantilever wall

85.3KN
Shear Force V= γ f w∗0.5∗¿ Heff) 2

γ f is the partial safety factor= 1.4

0.34N/mm2
V= 1.4*9.81*0.5*(3. 525)2

Shear Stress, v= V/bd

v= (85.3*1000)/ (1000*252)
 0.94N/mm2
Critical Shear, v c= 0.79[( 100 A s /bd ¿ ¿1 /3 ¿]/1.25

100∗4600 1 /3
Critical Shear, v c= 0.79[( ¿ ¿ ¿]/1.25
1000∗252

Therefore, since Vc > V shear capacity of wall is ok

BS 8110 Part
1, Table 3.27

Crack Limit Check

0.8 f y 1.84∗10−3
Es

0.8∗460
=
200∗103

x
Z= d- ( ¿
3

x
= ∝e ρ + √ α e ρ(2+∝e ρ)
d 13.33

Es
∝e= Ec
( )
2
0.0183

BS 8110 Part ∝e= 13.33

30.62mm
1, Table 3.7
As 241.79 mm
ρ=
bd

4600
ρ=
1000∗252
90.18N/mm2

x
=- 0.244 + √ 0.244(2+ 0.244)
252

Z= 241.79
 M
F s=
A s∗Z 0. 45∗10−3

100.3∗106
F s=
4600∗241.79

F 0.36∗10−3
ε s= s
Es

90.18
ε s=
200∗103 0. 55∗10−3

0. 45∗10−3 <1.84∗10−3

(a−x )
ε 1=¿ ε s *
(d −x)

(300−30.62)
ε 1=¿ 0. 45∗10−3 *
(252−30.62)

b(h−x)( a−x )
ε m= ε 1 -
3 E s A s (d−x )
103.8mm

1000(300−30.62)(300−30.62)
ε m= 0.36∗10−3 -
3∗4600∗200∗103 (252−30.62)

2
a cr= S b +C 2-∅ /2
4√ 0.079mm

Where Sb is the bar spacing

C is the distance from the edge of the section to half bar diameter

2
a cr= √ 175 + 562-32/2
4

From BS 8110 part 2, the crack width is given by:

Crack width = 3acr x εm
1+2(acr - cmin)/(h-x) 13.99

3∗1 03.8∗0.55∗10−3
= 103.8−40 293.73N/mm2
1+2( )
300−30.62
1.17
Wcr = 0.079mm < 0.2
8.19 mm
Crack width is OK
13.99mm
Deflection Limit Check

For deflection limit check the critical parameters/values are: -

1. -Span / depth ratio (Table 3.10 BS8110)
2. -Modification Factor Mf (due to tension steel is given by):
Slenderness ratio=Heff/d = 3525/252 = 13.99

Mf =0.55 + [ (477-fs)/120(0.9 + M/bd 2)]

Fs= 2/3*460*4406/4600

Mf= 0.55 + [ (477-293.73)/120(0.9+(100.3*10 6)/1000*2522)

Limiting Height/ Effective Depth = 7

Deflection= 7*1.17

Actual Height/Effective Depth = 4150/400

Compression Reinforcement Modification Factor

Asmin = 4600m2

Provide T32 @175c/c (4600mm2 )

Mfcomp = 1+[(100Asprov /bd)/(3+100Asprov/bd] ≤ 1.5

= 1 + [(100*4600/1000*252)/3+100*4600/1000*252]
=1.38≤1.5

OK

Roof Slab design

The design of the roof slab is very similar to wall design i.e. the slab has
been designed for:
1. Flexural strength considering 1m wide strip and using same
formulae’s for wall design to calculate k, lever arm z and As.
2. Shear strength considering critical shear to be at supports
3. Deflection limit considering tension reinforcement modification
factor and allowable span/ depth ratio according to BS 8110
Table 3.10
4. Crack width limit by limiting maximum bar spacing to <3d since
slab thickness ≤200mm. Ref BS8110 clause 3.12.11.7

Flexural steel calculation:

Slab spanning
Slab spanning arrangement was checked first both for inner bay
supported by two beams, and outer bays supported by beam and wall. 4.8KN/m2
The slab has free support at the wall.
9.12KN/m2
Longer strip, l y =3000mm

Shorter strip, l x = 1000mm

ly
= 3000/1000
lx

Centre and middle bay ly/lx= 3>1 7.06KNm

Therefore, the slab in both cases is one-way spanning
21.9KN
Slab Loading
Slab was assumed to carry minimum incidental imposed loads
=1.5KN/m2

Main Loading to be self-weight = (24* 0.2*1)

154mm
Total load = [ (1.5*1.6) + (4.8*1.4)]
Check for span and support arrangement to determine whether to use
moment distribution methods:
Span and support arrangements were checked to determine whether to
use coefficient Tables Moments or Moment Distribution Methods: 0.009
Span differences < 15%
Support conditions assumed to be simple 146mm
Therefore, coefficient Tables were used for slab design.

Moment1-2=0.086*9.12*32

Shear= 0.6*9.12*3
120.83mm2

260mm2
 Cover= 40, Bar diameter 12mm

d= 200-40-(12/2)

Mu 565mm2
K=
F cu b d 2

7.06∗106
K=
35∗1000∗1542 0.57N/mm2

Z= 154[ 0.5+ √ 0.25−0.0 09/0.9]< 0.95d

As = Mu/0.87fyz
0.059N/mm2
6
As = (7.06∗10 ¿/0.87*460*146

Checking against Asmin = 0.13%bh = 0.13%*1000*200

Thus Asmin >As therefore using Asmin as critical;

Provide slab flexural steel: T12 at 200mm centers in each face, A s=565
mm2
0.5
Shear check:

Critical shear Vc = 0.79{(100As/bd)1/3 (400/d)1/4}/1.25

Critical shear Vc = 0.79{(100*565/1000*154)1/3 (400/154)1/4 }/1.25 132N/mm2

Actual shear V = load F/bd

9.12∗103/1000*154

V< Vc, therefore, Slab Shear capacity is Ok

Slab Deflection Limit Check:

Allowable Span/Effective depth ratio=26M f

7.06∗10 6
M/bd2 = = 0.5 49.92
1000∗154 2
19.48
 5
fs = *F /A
8 yAsreq sprov

5∗460∗260
= 8∗565

Modification factor for tension reinforcement

477−fs
= 0.55+ 120(0.9+ M ) ≤ 2
b d2

477−132
= 0.55+ 120(0.9+ 7.06∗10 6 )
1000∗154 2
=2.6
Use Mf = 1.92

Allowable span/Effective depth ratio =26*1.92

Actual span/Eff. Depth ratio =3000/154

Therefore, Slab Deflection Limit is Ok

Slab Crack Limit Check:

BS8110 clause 3.12.11.2.7, the slab satisfies the following conditions

Slab depth= 154mm<200mm

Therefore, no further checks are required

Slab transverse Reinforcement:

BS8110 Table 3.27

RD Anchor Minimum Transverse Reinforcement from Asmin = 0.13%bh

Pg. 38
A smin = 0.13x 1000 x 200mm2 /m run
= 260mm 2 /m run

Therefore, provide transverse reinforcement as: 32.4 KN/m

T12 at 300mm centers each face

8.75 KNm
 SUPPORTING ROOF BEAM DESIGN
10.69KNm
Beam design followed almost the same procedure as wall design i.e. The
following checks were done: - 61.56KN
BS 8110 part 1. Beam Flexural strength
1, Table 3.10 2. Shear Limit capacity; critical at supports
3. Beam Deflection Limit
4. Crack Width Limit

The central beam was taken as most critical since it has longer spans
and carries bigger load than the two other beams. Hence beam design 362mm
has been based on this central beam.

Beam flexural strength:

BS 8110 Table 3.6 coefficients were used in the beam design since 0.011
spans are almost equal.

Total load = total load of roof slab + self-weight of the beam

= (9.12*3) + (24*0.5*0.3*1.4)

The BMD produced indicated critical moments on the first and last 344mm
spans
Maximum Bending Moment = 0.09*32.4*3

Maximum Support Moment =- 0.11*32.4*3

The SFD indicated maximum shear at 1st interior support = 0.6*102.6 106mm2

Designing for critical Sections: 1st span reinforcement from 420mm2

Mu=14.58KNm
603mm2
Cover= 30mm, bars of 16mm diameter, Links 8mm diameter

d= 400-30-(16/2)-8

k obtained from formula as wall above

14.58∗10 6 0.013
K=
35∗300∗3622
344mm
lever arm z obtained from formula as wall
129mm2
Z= 362[ 0.5 + √ 0.25−0.011/0.9]
420mm2
 Area of steel As also obtained from formula as wall

14.58∗106
As=
0.87∗460∗344

Asmin =0.35/100 (300*400)

Therefore, beam span tension reinforcement provided is:

3T16 @ 100 centres - span tension steel
0.59N/ mm2
Beam Support Reinforcement:
Taking 1st interior span as critical and Mu =17.82KNm 0.22N/mm2

17.82∗106
Calculating: k=
35∗300∗3622

Z= 0.95d=0.95*362

17.82∗106
As =
0.87∗460∗362

Asmin =0.35bh/100 =

Therefore, beam support tension reinforcement provided is:

3T16 at 100 mm centers - support tension steel

Beam shear capacity:

Beam shear capacity was checked as outlined in previous section for
wall:

Critical shear Vc = 0.79{(100*603/300*362)1/3 (400/362)1/4 (35/25)1/3}/1.25

Actual shear V = (24.31*103)/(300*362)

Shear capacity of the beam is ok

Provide minimum size of beam reinforcement at the face of the beam

to control cracking

Beam Deflection Limit Check:

Deflection limit check considered: 152mm

Limiting span /depth ratio =26

 Modification factor for Tension Steel Mf

Mf = 0.56

Actual Span/ depth ratio = 4000/362

= 11

Comparing Actual span/depth to limit span/depth (0.56x 26)

< 14.6

Therefore, Beam deflection capacity is Ok

Crack Limit Check:

Allowable clear spacing limit was considered BS 8110 clause

3.12.11.2.7

Allowable clear spacing = 70000βb/fy 13.7

The factor βb =1 (where there is no moment redistribution)

Therefor Clear allowable spacing = (70000 x 1)/460

= 152 > 100mm actual spacing

Therefore, crack limit is Ok

86.37KN/colum
n

COLUMN DESIGN

Assumptions made:
1. Columns acting as simple props
2. No moments induced due to water pressure
s 360mm2
Column Slenderness Check:
Column was checked for slenderness using parameters from BS8110 Table
3.21 clause 3.8.4.3

Le/h
265mm
(0.9*4550)/300
0.8
Le/h =13.7<15
0.96
Therefore, the column will be designed as short braced column
Column loading:
Loading on column = [slab load + Beam load + self-weight]

15mm
= 36.48 + 4.03 + (24*0.3*4.55) 1.3KNm

0.05
From formulae BS 8110 clause 3.8.4.3
Load, N = 0.35fcu Ac +0.67Ascfy

Asmin = 0.4/100(bh)

= 0.4/100*(300*300)

Provide T10 @ 200c/c (393mm2)

Cover= 30mm, Bar Diameter= 10 mm,

d= 300-30-(10/2)

d/h = 265/350

N/bh= 86,370/300*300
0.04m2
Moment= N emin

emin = 0.05h<20

= 0.05*300
M= (15* 86,370)/(1000*1000)

M/bh2= (1.3*1000*1000)/(300*3002)

Using chart 31 of Bs 8110 part 3, the area of steel required was found to
be:

A sc=¿ 490mm2 0.24KNm

Therefore, 4T16 were provided and BS8110 clause requires no further

checks
195mm2
Extra Reinforcement for column Base:
Calculation was based on maximum bearing pressure under uniform load
of 2.4MN/m2
Load acting on the base from column= 86.37KN

Estimated Area of base = 86370/2.4* 10 6

From above column base was estimated at:

0.5m x 0.5m x 0.3m

Moment on face of column was calculated from:

M = qb2 /2 (BS8110 clause 3.11.2.2)

290.1KN

Where q is ultimate bearing pressure 76.8KN

b is distance from column face to edge of base
49.25KN
2
M= 86.37*0.075 /2
38.4KN
From above equation M = 0.24KNm/m run
Since the moment is insignificant, provide minimum reinforcement; 454.45KN
Minimum reinforcement= 0.13*b*h
= 0.13*500*300/100

Therefore, provide 1752.2KNm

R10 at 200mm centers within base area as extra reinforcement for
columns 430.8KNm

536.09KNm
Tank Base Design
215.04KNm
Assumptions
-Tank is above ground and there is no earth pressure
-Considering half of the tank chamber
-Wind loading is negligible
4.22m
Total factored loads carried by slab= Roof slab+ beam+ Wall+ Base self-
weight + weight of water
0.22m
Loading due to weight of water = 7.6*3.9*9.81

Loading due to self- weight of the base = 0.45*8*24

Loading due to self-weight of the stem = 0.45*4.55*24 101.12KN/m2

Loading due to roof slab = 0.2*8*24

152.8KN/m2
Total unfactored loading

Moments on the base

 437KNm
Moments due to water = 290.1*1.6*3.775

Moments due to the base self-weight = 107.52*1.4*4 3500mm

Moment due to the stem = 68.95*1.4*7.775

Moment due to the roof = 53.76*1.4*4 0.04

Total Moments = 2933.41KNm

Total Moments 2933.41

=
Total factored loading 694.39 332.5mm

Eccentricity, e = 4.22- (8/2)

V 6e 1148mm2
Bearing Pressure = (1± )
B B

520mm2
694.39 6∗0.22
= (1± )
8 8 Asprov=1800mm2

Moment = 694.39*0.22

Ultimate moment of Resistance, Mu = 0.156fcubd2

= 0.156*35*1000*400 2

0.00184
d= 400-40- (20/2)

152.8∗10 6
K=
35∗1000∗3502

lever arm z obtained from formula as wall

Z= 350*[ 0.5 + √ 0.25−0.04/0.9 ]

0.005
Area of steel As also obtained from formula as wall

152.8∗10 6
As=
0.87∗460∗332.5
 91mm

0.13
Asmin= *1000*400
100 318.5mm

Therefore, provide T20 at 175mm centers(1800mm 2)

Crack Limit Check 190.4N/mm2

0.8 f y
Es

0.8∗460
=
200∗103 0.00095
x
Z= d- ( ¿
3

x
= ∝e ρ + √ α e ρ(2+∝e ρ)
d
0.0011
∝e= 15

As
ρ=
bd

1800 0.00076
ρ=
1000∗350

x
=- 0.068+ √ 0.068(2+0.068)
350

x
Z= 1-
3d
=350*(1-0.12)

M
F s= 110.78mm
A s∗Z
 Fs
ε s=
Es

190.4 0.17mm
ε s=
200∗103

0.00095<1.84∗10−3

(a−x )
ε 1=¿ ε s *
(d −x)

(400−91)
ε 1=¿0.00095*
(350−91)

b(h−x)( a−x )
ε m= ε 1 -
3 E s A s (d−x )

1000 (400−91)(400−91)
ε m= 0.0011 -
3∗1800∗200∗103 (350−91)

2
a cr= S b +C 2-∅ /2
4√
Where Sb is the bar spacing

C is the distance from the edge of the section to half bar diameter

a cr= √ 87.52+ 502-20/2

From BS 8110 part 2, the crack width is given by:

Crack width = 3acr x εm

1+2(acr - cmin)/(h-x)

3∗111∗0.0076
= 110.78−40
1+ 2( )
400−91
Crack width is ok