ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. XIII

Tbilisi. 2018

mixeil baxtaZe
asocirebuli profesori, Tsu

1121 wels saqarTveloSi SemoWrili muslimTa

koaliciuri laSqris mizani da marSruti

1121 wlis 12 agvistos saqarTvelos mxedrobam daviT aRmaSeneb-

lis meTaurobiT sastikad daamarcxa muslimTa koaliciuri laSqari
romelsac nejm ad-din il-Razi meTaurobda. am brZolasTan
dakavSirebiT mravali sakiTxi iwvevs interess da dRemde warmoadgens
mecnierTa kvlevis sagans. amjerad Cven gvinda yuradReba SevaCeroT or
konkretul sakiTxze: ra iyo koaliciuri laSqris mizani da ra mar-
SrutiT moZraobda is? kiTxvis pirvel nawilze pasuxis gacema erTi
SexedviT martivia, mizani qarTvelTa damarcxeba iyo. ai Tu ra mar-
SrutiT moZraobda koalicia, amis garkveva rTulia, radgan wyaroebi
metad mwiria da maTSi daculi informaciac garkveulwilad winaaRm-
degobrivia.
s.kakabaZe Tvlida, rom `TviTon ilRazi mTavari ZalebiT siriid-
an gaemarTa arzrumis mimarTulebiT da iqidan saqarTvelosken. daax-
loebiT 8 agvistosTvis es jari ukve imyofeboda TrialeT-manglis-
kojris gzaze da Tavs iyrida didgorebis Zirobisken. msvlelobisas
jars ekava gza daaxloebiT 60-65 kilometris sigrZeze. veres wylisi
xeobaze gadasvlisas 30 aTasi cxenosnisgan Semdgari jari gaemarTa
diRmis wylis xeobisken da gadavida diRmis wylis saTavidan didgor-
ze, sadac iyo gadasasvleli xekorZis da Zegvis mimarTulebiT. sulTan
meliq-ToRrulic, aTabag qen-ToRdisTan erTad, laSqriT gaemarTa (gan-
Zaze gavliT) Tbilisisken. magram man, rogorc amira arslanma, dvini-
dan miaRwia Tbiliss naxevari dRis savalis manZilze (maSasadame, daax-
loebiT 15 kilometrze). rogorc etyoba, am jarma aq daicada, sanam
arab-TurqTa mTavari Zalebi didgoris mimarTulebiT gadmovidodnen.

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 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. XIII

rodesac es moxda, maSin xsenebuli amirebic daiZrnen, Tbilisze gav-

liT, didgoris velisken~. 1 amrigad, mecnieris azriT, muslimTa erTi
nawili arzrumidan Semovida saqarTveloSi, mere nawili ganZidan mo-
dioda da Tbilisze gaiara, xolo mesame nawili dvinidan gamoemarTa.
S.mesxia, mimoixilavs ra sxvadsxva wyaroebSi dacul informacias
da aanalizebs sxva mecnierTa mosazrebebs, askvnis `iv.javaxiSvilis mi-
xedviT, es laSqari qarTlSi manglis TrialeTis gziT aris Sesuli.
am mxriv savsebiT sworia daviTis istorikosi. uZvelesi droidan Sida
qarTlSi Sesvla swored am gziT SeZleboda. am gzas ara marto im
doisaTvis, aramed Semdegac - XIX saukuneSic did strategiul mniS-
vnelobas aniWeben. n.berZeniSvili miuTiTebs, `mangliss friad xelsay-
reli adgili uWiravs, manglisis mxare ekvris Sida qarTls, Tbiliss,
somxiT-sabaraTianos da walka-javaxeTs. imyofeba ra algeTis, TeZmis,
kavTuras da veres gamosavlebSi, manglisis xeoba strategiulad bato-
nobs aRniSnul mxareze ...somxiTidan Sida qarTlSi, javaxeTidan kaxeT-
Si umoklesi gzebi swored manglisze gadioda.~ amitom iyo, rom vinc
ki am gziT fiqrobda saqarTvelos damorCilebas, manglisze gadmovliT
modioda. swored aqedan unda iyos Semosuli, n. berZeniSvilis varaud-
iT, `Turq-selCukTa koalicia daviT aRmaSeneblis winaaRmdeg~. laS-
qris Tavmoyra manglis-didgorSi 1121 wlis agvistos aT ricxvamde
unda momxdariyo~. 2 rogorc vxedavT S.mesxia faqtobrivad eTanxmeba
n.berZeniSvilis Tvalsazriss.
r.metreveli wers, `arabi istorikosi al-fariki dawvrilebiT
gadmogvcems im gzas, romelic gaiares muslimanTa koaliciis jarebma.
isini Semosulan manglisis midamoebSi da TrialeTis gzas dasdgomian.
daTqmuli iyo, rom mTeli laSqari Tbilisis SemosasvlelTan Seyri-
liyo. TrialeTisa da didgoris SerCeva Sekrebis adgilad ar iyo Sem-
TxveviTi. aqedan mteri advilad wamovidoda Tbilisisken, didgori
Tbilisis erT-erTi kari iyo, saidanac SeiZleboda mcxeTis SemovliT
Sida qarTlSi Sesvla ... TrialeTi mravalricxovani laSqris gansala-
geblad sruliad xelsayreli adgili iyo~. 3 mecnieris mosazreba, Cven

1 s. kakabaZe. didgoris omi. Tb. 1982, gv. 100.

2 S. mesxia. ZlevaO sakvirveli. Tb. 1972, gv. 104.
3 r. metreveli. daviT aRmaSenebeli, mefe Tamari. Tb. 2002, gv. 223.

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mixeil baxtaZe. 1121 wels saqarTveloSi SemoWrili muslimTa koaliciuri
laSqris mizani da marSruti

ise gvesmis, rom koaliciis wevrebma Sekreba Tbilisi SesasvlelTan

anu manglis-didgorSi daiwyes. aqamde ki sxvadasxva gziT movidnen.
g.jafariZe werda, `diar-baqridan wamosulma il-Razma arzrumi
da yarsi gaiara da TrialeT-manglisis gziT gaemarTa Tbilisisken~. 4
s.margiSvilma dawvrilebiT ganixila yvela SesaZlo marSruti
da daaskvna, `1121 wlis ivnisis dasawyisSi, marandidan saqarTvelos-
ken sakmaod didi armiiT daiZrnen il-Razi da dubaisi. isini mividnen
jer erzrumSi, Semdeg ki yarsSi, sadac maT SeuerTda TuRan arslani
(da SesaZloa ganZis armiis gadarCenili nawili). aqedan, koaliciuri
armia, javaxeTis gavliT Semovida TrialeTSi da miadga manglis-did-
gors, saidanac is Tbilisis midamoebSi apirebda gasvlas, raSic mas
xeli daviT aRmaSenebelma SeuSala~.5
muslimTa koaliciuri laSqris moZraobis marSrutTan dakavSi-
rebiT Cven cota gansxvavebuli mosazreba gvaqvs. al-farikis cnobas
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom koaliciis monawilee-
bi gaerTiandnen da ise Semovidnen saqarTvelos sazRvrebSi. am mxriv
s.margiSvilis mosazreba marTebulia. Cven ar veTanxmebiT, rom ganZis
amira ar monawileobda am laSqrobaSi. Cveni azriT, muslimTa koalic-
iuri laSqaris Semadgenloba Semdegi iyo: il-Razi daaxloebiT 15-20
aTas kacs sardlobs, dubaisi - 10 aTass, ganZis amira qen-ToRdi aseve
10 aTass, TuRan arslan kuziani - 10 aTass, ToRruli aseve - 10 aT-
ass, somxeTis amirebi - 5 aTass. amas emateba 5-10 aTasi `bedis maZieb-
eli moxalise~. sul gamodis 65-75 aTasi kaci. 6 mTeli es koalicia
saqarTvelos samxreT-dasavleT sazRvrebTan gaerTianda da iqidan Se-
movida. magram sakiTxavia sad gaerTianda muslimTa koalicia? ar gvgo-
ni rom es iyo yarsi, rogorc amas s.margiSvili varaudobs.
muslimTa koaliciis moZraobis marSrutis dasadgenad da imis
gasagebad, Tu ratom aRmoCnda il-Razis mTeli laSqari manglis-did-
gorSi unda vupasuxoT kidev erT kiTxvas - ra iyo muslimTa mizani?

4 g. jafariZe. saqarTvelo da maxlobeli aRmosavleTis islamuri samyaro XII-XIII s-

is pirvel mesamedSi. Tb. 1995, gv. 49.
5 s. margiSvili. miTebi da realoba daviT aRmaSneblis mefobis Sesaxeb (omi seljukTa
samyaros winaaRmdeg). Tb. 2006, gv. 150.
6 m. baxtaZe. mowinaaRmdegeTa jarebis raodenoba didgoris brZolaSi. `saistorio kre-
buli~. t. 4. Tb. 2014, gv. 107.

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 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. XIII

am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema SesaZloa dagvexmaros il-Razis laSqris

moZraobis marSrutis dadgenaSi. cxadia mizani garkveulad gansaz-
Rvravda koaliciis moZraobis marSruts. vTqvaT, Tu mizani iqneboda
quTaisis aReba marSruti iqneboda sxva da Tu mizani iqneboda kaxeT-
hereTis morbeva - maSin sxva.
S.mesxia exeba ra muslimTa saqarTveloSi laSqrobis mizans
wers, `didgoris brZolis ZiriTadi da saerTo mizezi saqarTvelos
samefos gaZlireba iyo. Turq-dampyrolebma kargad dainaxes, rom saqar-
Tvelos saxiT Zlierdeboda axali da aranakleb saSiSi Zala, vidre
jvarosnebi da bizantielebi iyvnen. es axali Zala warmatebiT erekebo-
da Turq-dampyroblebs ara marto sakuTari, aramed mezobeli qveynebi-
danac. ase rom Turqebi kargavdnen saqarTvelosTan erTad, sxva maT mi-
er amier-kavkasiaSi dapyrobil, qveynebsac da saerTod pirvelobasac
maxlobel aRmosavleTSi. amis garda, selCukebis brZola jvarosnebis
winaaRmdeg, momavali ieriSebi antioqiasa da ierusalimze pirvel rig-
Si saqarTvelos damarcxebasa da am gziT zurgis uSiSroebis uzrun-
velyofis gareSe ver iqneboda garantirebuli~. 7
q. CxataraiSvilis azriT, `didgoris omi Sedegi iyo ara Tbi-
lisisa da sxva qalaqebis elCobisa, aramed im sagareo viTarebisa, rac
seljukTa saxelmwifoebs daviT aRmaSeneblis mier amierkavkasiaSi
Zlieri, centralizebuli da SesaniSnavad mowyobili saxelmwifos Ca-
moyalibebiT Seeqmna da rac, jvarosanTa saqmianobasTan erTad, sel-
jukTa Zlierebas sasikvdilo safrTxes uqmnida. Turq-seljukebs sxva
araferi rCebodaT garda imisa, rom amierkavkasiaSi uZlieres Zalad
qceul saqarTveloze elaSqraT, raTa misi mospobiT sakuTari zurgi
meore, sxvaze aranakleb saSiSi frontidan daculi hqonodaT da siria
palestinidan jvarosanTa garekvaSi xeli ar SeSlodaT~. 8
r.metrevelis TvalsazrisiT, `didgoris brZolis ganmapirobeb-
li ZiriTadi mizezi iyo daviT aRmaSneblis mier saqarTvelodan Turq-
selCukebis gandevna, damoukidebeli qalaqebis damorCilebisTvis warma-
tebuli brZola da Seqmnili sagareo viTareba, romelic aiZulebda
muslimanuri samyaros mesveurT, Zlieri saqarTvelos saxelmwifos sa-

7 S. mesxia. ZlevaI sakvirveli, gv. 91.

8 q. CxataraiSvili, iv. SaiSmelaSvili. didgoris brZola. Tb. 1973, gv. 10.

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mixeil baxtaZe. 1121 wels saqarTveloSi SemoWrili muslimTa koaliciuri
laSqris mizani da marSruti

xiT TavianTi didi mteri daenaxaT da erTad SekavSirebulT samkvdro-

sasicocxlo omi gamoecxadebinaT misTvis~. 9
cxadia, muslimTa mizani saqarTvelos damarcxeba iyo, magram Cven
gavinteresebs Tavad es `damarcxeba~ konkretulad raSi unda gamoxa-
tuliyo? marto erT brZolaSi qarTvelTa damarcxebaSi, mefis mok-
vlasa an datyvevebaSi, saqarTvelos teritoriis romelime nawilis
dapyrobaSi Tu sxva rameSi.
n.berZeniSvilis, iv.javaxiSvilisa da s.janaSias avtorobiT gamo-
sul saqarTvelos istoriis saskolo saxelmZRvanelos mixedviT,
`mtris jarma swrafad iara. moulodnelad SemoiWra saqarTveloSi,
mxarmarjvnv datova Tbilisi da 1121 wlis 12 agvistos miadga qalaq
mangliss. Turqebs ganzraxuli hqondaT am raionSi gadaelaxaT Trial-
eTis qedi da moewyvitaT daviT mefe dasavleT saqarTveloSi mdebare
misi ZiriTadi bazebisgan. Semosevis moulodnelobam xeli SeuSala da-
viTs sruliad gamoeyenebina Tavis Zalebi. magram dayovneba aRar SeiZ-
leboda da mefemac gadaswyvita daeswro mtrisTvis, Seetia misTvis
mTian-tyian adgilebSi, sadac misi angariSiT Turq-arabTa cxenosani
laSqris simravles unda daebrkolebina misi moZraoba da Seemcirebina
brZolisunarianoba. daviTma didi siswrafiT atara Tavisi samocaTasia-
ni laSqari da manglisis CrdiloeTiT, didgoris mTaze Seageba igi
Turqebs~. 10 aq mxolod erT rames aRvniSnavT, ar gvgonia, rom mtris
Semoseva daviT mefisTvis moulodneli iyo. es 1121 welia, mefes yve-
la reforma gatarebuli aqvs. saxelmwifo aparati ukve Camoyalibebu-
lia da moqmedebs, maT Soris mstovarTa institutic. SeuZlebelia da-
viTs ar qonoda informacia mowinaaRmdegis moZraobis Sesaxeb. Cveni
azriT, daviT aRmaSnebels muslimTa laSqris saqarTvelosTan moaxlo-
ebisTanave (Tu manamde ara) hqonda informacia mowinaaRmdegis jaris
moZraobis Sesaxeb.
Tavis droze n.berZeniSvili werda, `1121 wlis 12 agvistos
TurqTa didi koaliciuri laSqari `movides TrialeTs, manglis(s) da
didgorTa~. mefe daviTi 61 aTasi meomriT Seeba momxdurT 15 agvis-

9 r. metreveli. daviT aRmaSenebeli, mefe Tamari, gv. 217.

10 n. berZeniSvili, iv. javaxiSvili, s. janaSia. saqarTvelos istoria. naw. I. Tb. 1950,
gv. 184.

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 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. XIII

tos da sastikad daamarcxa isini. am omSi orTave mxriT, sul mcire,

asi aTasi meomari iRebda monawileobas. omi didgorTa moxda. aSkaraa:
momxdurTa winaaRmdeg daviT mefes niCbisisa da Tvaladis gzebiT unda
mieyvana Tavisi laSqari. TurqTa koalicias didgorTan mosvla, ra
Tqma unda, SemTxveviTi ar yofila. mtkvrisa, Zamisa, tanis Tu TeZmis
xeobebi gacilebiT Sori, Rrma, viwro, tyiani da amdenadve `saWironi~
da saxifaToni Candnen. amitomac koaliciurma laSqarma Tavi moarida
maT da umoklesi (da ukeTesi?) gzebiT scada Sida qarTlSi SemoWra
da misi dapyroba~. 11 am sityvebidan ise Cans, rom mecnieri il-Razis
miznad Sida qarTlis dakavebas miiCnevda.
s.kakabaZe aRniSnavda, `Turqebis sardlobas miznad hqonda dasa-
xuli TrialeT-manglisis mxaredan SeWriliyo Sida qarTlSi da amiT
sasikvdilo laxvari Caeca aRmosavleT saqarTvelosTvis. magram radga-
nac ar iyo cnobili, Tu sad daartyamdnen Turqebi, amitom qarTvele-
bis samarTebos (Stabs, rogorc axla vityviT) Tavisi jaris meti na-
wili gaSlili hyavda didgoris qedze~. 12
s.margiSvili Tvlida, `elementaruli logikiT strategiuli am-
ocana SeiZleboda yofiliyo sami sxvadasxva saxis: saqarTvelos same-
fos okupacia da misi mierTeba seljukTa samflobelosadmi; daviT aR-
maSeneblis mier dakavebuli teritoriebis (samSvilde da a.S.) ukan
dabruneba da Tbilisisa da sxva muslimuri regionebis gaTavisufleba
saqarTvelos zewolisgan (anu maliq-Sahis droindeli status-qvos
aRdgena xarkis gadaxdiT an mis gareSe); daviT aRmaSeneblis gaZlier-
ebisa da Semdgomi winsvlis SeCereba~. 13
Cven veTanxmebiT s.margiSvilis mier gamoTqmul Tvalsazriss,
rom koaliciis mizani samSvilde-lores teritoriebis dabruneba da
Tbilisisa da ganZis saamiroebis saqarTvelos samefos zewolisagan ga-
Tavisufleba iyo. 14 ar veTanxmebiT mecnieris mosazrebas, rom koalic-
iuri laSqari saqarTveloSi ori mxridan apirebda SemoWras. Tumca
sruliad viziarebT mis daskvnas, rom `saqarTvelos samefos sazRvar-

11 n. berZeniSvili. gzebi rusTaveli epoqis saqarTveloSi. Tb. 1966, gv. 50-51.

12 s. kakabaZe. didgoris omi, gv. 106.
13 s. margiSvili. miTebi da realoba daviT aRmaSneblis mefobis Sesaxeb (omi seljuk-
Ta samyaros winaaRmdeg), gv. 151.
14 s. margiSvili. miTebi da realoba daviT aRmaSneblis mefobis Sesaxeb, gv. 152.

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laSqris mizani da marSruti

Tan koncentrirebuli armia strategiul safrTxes Seuqmnida sxvadas-

xva regionebs. muslimebi Tbilisis midamoebidan erTdroulad daemuq-
rebodnen rogorc kaxeTsa da Sida qarTls, aseve samSvildesa da som-
xiTs. aseTi dispoziciidan maT SeeZloT erTdrouli marbieli laS-
qrobebis organizeba sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT~. anu il-RazisTvis
strategiulad yvelaze momgebiani iqneboda, pirvel etapze, TbilisSi
da mis sanaxebSi dabanakeba. rac Seexeba s.margiSvilis Semdgom msje-
lobas, `samxedro TvalsazrisiT aseTi strategiuli amocana pirvel
etapze ara teritoriebis dakavebasa da da cixe-simagreTa aRebas gu-
lisxmobda, aramed mowinaaRmdegis iZulebas, misTvis araxelsayrel pi-
robebSi brZolis miRebasa misi cocxali Zalis ganadgurebis mizniT,
rac rogorc erTbaSad (e.i. generaluri brZoliT), aseve Tanmimdevru-
lad (e.i. marbieli laSqrobebiT) SeiZleba ganxorcielebuliyo~, 15 co-
ta gansxvavebuli mosazreba gvaqvs.
Tbilisis, dmanisisa da ganZis dacvas muslimebi mxolod erT
SemTxvevaSi SeZlebdnen, Tu daviT mefis samxedro potencials serioz-
ul dartymas miayenebdnen. marbieli laSqrobebiT amis gakeTeba rTuli
iqneboda. ucnob qveyanaSi, partizanuli brZolis taqtikiT (da qarTve-
lebs SeeZloT brZolis aseTi xerxi aerCiaT) moqmedi mowinaaRmdegis
ganadgureba Zneli amocanaa. il-Razs samSvilde, rusTavi da Tbilisi
maxloblad arsebuli sxva cixeebi romc aeRo es saboloo jamSi re-
alurad bevrs arafers niSnavda, Tu qarTvelTa samxedro Zalis Tun-
dac erTi didi nawili ar ganadgurdeboda. yovelTvis iqneboda safr-
Txe, rom koaliciis wasvlis Sedeg (da adre Tu gvian mas wasvla mo-
uwevda) daviT mefe kvlav daibrunebda am cixeebs da isev Seuqmnida
safrTxes muslimTa mflobelobas saqarTvelos am nawilSi. marTebu-
lad werda iv.SaiSmelaSvili, `maT amjamadac SeeZloT Zveleburad aeR-
oT Tavi da pirdapir Sedgomodnen qarTuli provinciebis rbeva-oxre-
bas, rac arc ise didi xnis winaT maTi veluri brboebis aRfrTovane-
bis umTavres wyarosa da erTgvar gasarTobsac ki warmoadgenda ... jer
gzidan unda CamoeSorebinaT qarTuli saxelmwifos mklavmagari guSagi
- daviT aRmaSeneblis armia, e.i. armias aucileblad unda Sebmodnen da

15 s. margiSvili. miTebi da realoba daviT aRmaSneblis mefobis Sesaxeb, gv. 153.

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gaetexaT misi Zliereba. amitom garkveuli azriT momavali brZolis

asparezis arCevani qarTvelTa xelSi iyo~.16
il-Razi gamocdili sardali iyo da albaT erCivna erT genera-
lur brZolaSi daemarcxebina qarTvelebi, maTi samxedro Zliereba ga-
etexa da Semdeg Semosdgomod cixeebs. amitom savaraudod is ufro
iyo dainteresebuli didi brZolis gamarTvaSi, vidre daviT aRmaSene-
beli. ra Tqma unda Tu qarTvelebi brZolas ar miiRebdnen, TbilisTan
dabanakebul il-Razs SeeZlo maerbieli razmebi gaeSva Sida da qvemo
qarTlis, aseve kaxeT-hereTis mimarTulebiT da es mxareebi aeoxrebina.
isic cxadia, rom es saqarTvelos samefos seriozul zians miayenebda
(mosaxleobis ganadgureba, saxnav-saTesi savargulebis aoxreba da
sxv.). Tumca mTavari amocana mainc gadauWreli darCeboda, qarTvelTa
samxedro Zala ar ganadgurdeboda. SeiZleba piriqiTac momxdariyo,
marbieli razmebi qarTvelebs cal-calke daemarcxebinaT.
kidev erTxel gavimeorebT, Cven veTanxmebiT s.margiSvilis Tval-
sazriss, rom il-Razis mizani Tbilisi, dmanisisa da ganZis dacva iyo.
amisTvis ki ori ram unda gakeTebuliyo: muslimebs qarTvelebisTvis am
regionSi mdebare cixe-simagreebi unda waerTmiaT da saqarTvelos sam-
xedro potenciali seriozulad daesustebinaT. sxva sakiTxia rodis
erCivna il-Razs mTavari brZolis gamarTva, Tbilisis sanaxebSi mos-
vlis Semdeg Tu manamde. aq mxolod varaudis gamoTqma SeiZleba da
orive mosazrebas arsebobis Tanabari ufleba aqvs. Zneli saTqmelia ra
erCivnaT muslimebs, jer cixe-simagreebi aeRoT da mere brZolaSi qar-
TvelTa mxedroba daemarcxebinaT. Tu jer brZola gaemarTaT da Semdeg
Semoewyobodnen cixe-simagreebs. albaT maTTvis meore varianti umjobe-
si iyo, radgan cixe-simagreebis alya im dros rodesac qarTvelTa Za-
la daumarcxebeli iyo da Tavisufali momqmedebis saSualeba qonda sa-
risko gadawyvetileba iqneboda.
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom il-Razs megzurobas gauwevdnen Tbi-
lel-dmaneli vaWrebi, romlebsac kargad ecodinebodaT ara marto
TbilisTan misasvleli gzebi, aramed zogadad arsebuli viTarebac. ro-
mel gzas urCevdnen megzurebi muslimTa sardals da Tavad is ra mi-

16 q. CxataraiSvili, iv. SaiSmelaSvili. didgoris brZola, gv. 80-81.

262
mixeil baxtaZe. 1121 wels saqarTveloSi SemoWrili muslimTa koaliciuri
laSqris mizani da marSruti

marTulebas airCevda? am kiTxvaze pasuxi mxolod varaudis sferos

ganekuTvneba.
savsebiT sworad SeniSnavda n.berZeniSvili, `queyana TrialeTisa-
ni~ saqarTvelos istoriul warsulSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis
provincia iyo. geografiuli centri, umaRlesi zegani, oTxive mxriT
wyalgamyofi teritoria mis garSemo mdebare qveynebs (zemo, Sida da
qvemo qarTls) bunebrivad hyofda da akavSirebda. gasagebia Tu `queya-
na TrialeTisani~ - es bunebrivi gzasayari - uZveles droidanve gze-
biT daiqsela ... TrialeTze midiodnen savaWro qaravnebi, qarTvelTa
laSqari da ucxo dampyrobelni oTxiv mxriT ... TrialeTs dgebian
laSqriT qarTveli Tu ucxo dampyrobelni, saidanac oTxiv mxriT um-
arjvesi gzebi midian. TrialeTs dadga XI saukunis 60-ian wlebSi
alf-arslani. umokles xanSi aqedan misma marbielma mTeli saqarTvelo
moico. aq idga 1124 wels daviT aRmaSenebeli, aRmosavleTiT, samxre-
TiT Tu dasavleTiT TurqTa winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad gamzadebuli.
aqedan Caatara man SesaniSnavi Tavisi siswrafiT saqarTvelos laSqris
mobilizacia `wignebi wuevisa mimodaisrbola da mesamesa dResa samoc-
da (aTi) aTasi mxedari winaSe udga~. 17 yovelive zemoT Tqmulidan ga-
momdinare TrialeTs mosvla savsebiT SesaZlebelia Tavad il-Razis
Tavdapirveli gegmac yofiliyo.
didgoris brZolasTan dakavSirebul kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacema
Zalian xSirad wyaroebSi daculi informaciis interpretaciazea damo-
kidebuli. es ki cxadia sxvadasxva mosazrebebis arsebobas iwvevs. Zne-
lia mtkiceba, rom romeliRac erTi Tvalsazrisia WeSmariti da sxva
yvela ki mcdari. yvela mosazrebas Tavisi argumentacia gaaCnia. Cven
sakuTari Sexeduleba gvaqvs didgoris brZolasTan dakavSirebiT da aq-
edan gamomdinare vaxdenT imdroindeli viTarebis aRdgenas.
muslimTa koaliciis moZraobis marSrutis dasadgenad ramdenim
sakiTxia gasarkvevi.
pirveli - koaliciis monawileebi cal-calke Semovidnen saqar-
TveloSi Tu ukve aq gaerTiandnen, vTqvaT TrialeTSi? al-fariki mar-
Talia wares, rom muslimTa sardlebi sami mimarTulebidan iwyeben sa-
qarTvelosken moZraobas (il-Razi yarsidan, ToRruli - ganZidan, Tu-

17 n. berZeniSvili. gzebi rusTaveli epoqis saqarTveloSi, gv. 66.

263
 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. XIII

Ran arslan kuziani - dvinidan), magram misi Semdgomi Txrobidan TiT-

qos ise Cans, rom yvelani saqarTvelos sazRvrebSi Semosvlamde Tu
ara, Semosvlidan maleve gaerTiandnen. 18 Cveni azriT, muslimTa koal-
icia TrialeTSi ukve gaerTianebuli ZalebiT movida.
meore - sad gaerTianda muslimTa laSqari? al-farikis mixedviT
il-Razi movida yarsSi da iqidan gamoemarTa saqarTvelosken. yarsSi
albaT marTlac SeCerda il-Razi, magram aqedan pirdapir saqarTvelos-
ken gamemarTa Tu ara es danamdvilebiT ucnobia. aq unda erTi sakiTxi
davazustoT - ra erCivna il-Razss, Tavidanve Semosuliyo saqarTve-
los sazRvrebSi (vTqvaT yarsidan javaxeTis mimarTulebiT emoZrava,
rogorc s.margiSvili varaudobs) da qarTvelTa mudmivi Tavdasxmis
safrTxis qveS yofiliyo, Tu rac SeiZleba gvian gadmoelaxa saqarTve-
los sazRvari? Cven meore mosazreba ufro misaRebad migvaCnia. il-Ra-
zis mizania miaRwios Tbilisamde da Tu gzaSi saSualeba eqneba gamar-
Tos generaluri brZola. Cveni azriT, il-Razi yarsidan anisSi mivi-
doda (gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom koaliciaSi somxeTis amirebic iyvnen)
da mcire xans iq SeCerdeboda kidec. SesaZloa amas isic adastureb-
des, rom marcxis Semdeg koaliciis monawileTa erTma nawilma anisis
mimarTulebiT gaqceva arCia, anu isev nacnobi gziT wavidnen. 19 sad iq-
neboda yvelaze optimaluri anisidan, dvinidan da ganZidan momavali
muslimuri jarebis gaerTianeba? albaT sadRac qvemo qarTlSi. anisid-
an da dvinidan wamosuli Zalebi savaraudod ufro adre gaerTiandnen
da Semdeg SeuerTda maT ganZidan gamosuli laSqari. Cven vfiqrobT,
rom koalicia sadRac dmanisTan unda gaerTianebuliyo. isic gasaTva-
liswinebelia, rom dmanisi muslimTa xelSi iyo da dmaneli vaWrebi,
tfilel da ganZel vaWrebTan erTad iyvnen wasuli daxmarebis saTxov-
nelad sulTanTan.
mesame - qvemo qarTlidan, dmanisidan ra mimarTulebiT SeeZlo
emoZrava il-Razs Tbilisisken? `Tbilisidan qvemo qarTlisken gzebi
koJrisa da karis kariT gadioda. pirveli koJris karidan tabaxmelam-

18 Ибн ал-Азрака ал-Фарики. Истории Майяфарикина. Труды института истории АН Азер-

байджанской ССР. Т. XII. Баку. 1957 gv. 222-223; (http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus17/Ac
hmed_Dede/text2.phtml?id=12780)
19 l. davlianiZe. maTe urhaecis cnobebi daviT aRmaSeneblis Sesaxeb. kreb.: saqarTve-
lo rusTavelis xanaSi. Tb. 1966, gv. 246-247.

264
mixeil baxtaZe. 1121 wels saqarTveloSi SemoWrili muslimTa koaliciuri
laSqris mizani da marSruti

dis Tbilisi manglisis gzas miyveboda ... meore gza Tbilisidan sam-
xreTisken marneuls ganStovdeboda ... orive es gza ZvelTaganve mWid-
rod dasaxlebul kulturul raionebs akavSirebda. isini didi ekonom-
ikuri mniSvnelobisani iyvnen. amave dros saqarTvelo am gzebiT Tavis
samxreTis mezoblebs ukavSirdeboda da amdenadve xsenebul marSru-
tebs saSinaos gverdiT sagareo mniSvnelobac hqondaT~. 20 Tumca n.ber-
ZeniSvili iqve aRniSnavda, rom `orive gza viwro da grZeli xeobebiT
midioda da maTi Caketva saWiroebis dros did siZneles SeamTxvevda
Semosevis msurvels. moxerxebul adgilebze magari cixeebi upirvele-
sad am miznebs emsaxureboda~. miuxedavad n.berZeniSvilis SeniSvnisa
Cven vfiqrobT, rom dmanisi-naxiduri-marneuli 21 da Semdeg Tbilisi,
is mimarTuleba iyo romliTac wesiT il-Razs unda emoZrava, magram
is TrialeTSi `aRmoCnda~.
meoTxe - Tu muslimTa koalicia qvemo qarTlSi gaerTianda ra-
tom mivida koaliciuri laSqari `TrialeTs, mangliss da didgorTa~?
SesaZloa ori mosazrebis gamoTqma: pirveli - il-Razs Tavidanve ur-
Cies manglis-didgoris gziT wamosvla; meore - muslimTa sardals
sxva gza SesTavazess, magram qarTvelebma aiZuls TrialeTis gza aer-
Cia. cxadia zusti da calsaxa pasuxis gacema SeuZlebelia. vfiqrobT,
rom qarTvelebma sxva arCevani ar dautoves. Cveni azriT, saqarTvelo-
Si dmanisis mxridan Semosuli muslimTa koaliciuri lasqari daviT
aRmaSenebelma aiZula swored iseTi marSruti aerCia, romelic qar-
TvelTa mefes awyobda. daviTma il-Razi aiZula brZola iq mieRo sa-
dac es qarTvelTaTvis iyo sasurveli da ara muslimTaTvis. swored
amaSia daviT aRmaSeneblis samxedro genia. mefis istorikosi sakmaod
zogad cnobebs iZleva didgoris brZolis Sesaxeb, Tumca aRniSnavs,
`viTar wina ganawyo spa misi, da Tu viTar yoveli saqme Suenierad da
Ronierad yo, rabam rame wynarad, uSfoTvelad da gamocdilebiT da
yovlad brZnad ganago, da Tu viTar Tჳsni spani daicvna uvnebelad, am-
aT yovelTaTჳs ara Cueni, aramed vgoneb, romel yovelTa brZenTa sof-
lisaTa ena ver SemZlebel ars miTxrobad zeda-miwevniT yovelsave~. 22

20n. berZeniSvili. gzebi rusTaveli epoqis saqarTveloSi, gv. 73-74.

21n. berZeniSvili. gzebi rusTaveli epoqis saqarTveloSi, gv. 75-76.
22 cxovrebaO. mefeT-mefisa daviTisa. teqsti gamosacemad momazada, gamokvleva,
leqsikoni da saZieblebi daurTo m. SaniZem. Tb. 1992, gv. 190-191.

265
 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. XIII

vfiqrobT, rom am sityvebSi ara mxolod uSualod 12 agvistos mom-

xdari brZola unda igulisxmebodes, aramed wina periodic, rodesac
daviT mefem Tavis gegmis mixedviT warmarTa yovelive da il-Razi faq-
tobrivad gamouval mdgomareobaSi Caagdo.
didgorSi brZolis gamarTva il-RazisTvis iZulebiTi nabiji iyo.
q.CxataraiSvili aRniSnavs, `saomari adgilis SerCeviTa da brZolis
Tavisi gegmis mtrisTvis Tavze moxveviT daviT aRmaSenebelma Tavisi
brwyinvale samxedro niWi gamoavlina ... didgorTan mosul Turqebs
iseTi gamocdili sardali hyavdaT, rom misi Secdomis axsna mxolod
ori ramiT SeiZleba: 1) il-Razi iZulebuli iyo brZolaSi Cabma eCqa-
ra, raTa Soridan moyvanili, erTmaneTTan organulad daukavSirebeli
samxedro razmebis erTianoba SeenarCunebina da maTi brZolisunariano-
ba droulad gamoeyenebia; 2) il-Razis sifxizle moaduna TrialeTSi
Tavmoyrili jarebis simravlem, rasac erTxmad aRniSnaven imdroindeli
ucxoeli da qarTveli mematianeebi~. 23
iv.SaiSmelaSvili Tvlida, `Turq-selCukTa mier wamowyebuli es
didi laSqroba maT sasargeblod mxolod maSin dasruldeboda, roca
qarTul armias pirispir brZolaSi daamarcxebdnen ... maT amjamadac Se-
eZloT Zveleburad aeRoT Tavi da pirdapir Sedgomodnen qarTuli
provinciebis rbeva-oxrebas, rac arc ise didi xnis winaT maTi veluri
brboebis aRfrTovanebis umTavrers wyarosa da erTgvar gasarTobsac
ki warmoadgenda ... jer gzidan unda CamoeSorebinaT qarTuli saxel-
mwifos mklavmagari guSagi - daviT aRmaSeneblis armia, e.i. armias
aucileblad unda Sebmodnen da gaetexaT misi Zliereba. amitom garkve-
uli azriT momavali brZolis asparezis arCevani qarTvelTa xelSi
iyo. sadac ar unda dajgufebuliyo igi, Turqebi iq unda Sebmodnen
mas ... didgoris brZola, rom saxeldobr didgorSi moxda, amis upir-
veles mizezad daviT mefis gadawyvetileba unda CaiTvalos~. 24
ra Tqma unda, didgorSi brZolis gamarTva daviT aRmaSeneblis
gadawyvetileba iyo, magram bolomde ver gaviziarebT mosazrebas, rom
sadac ar unda dajgufebuliyo qarTvelTa jari, Turqebi iq unda Seb-
modnen mas. il-Razi cxadia qarTvelebTan generaluri brZolis gamar-

23 q. CxataraiSvili, iv. SaiSmelaSvili. didgoris brZola, gv. 18.

24 q. CxataraiSvili, iv. SaiSmelaSvili. didgoris brZola, gv. 80-81

266
mixeil baxtaZe. 1121 wels saqarTveloSi SemoWrili muslimTa koaliciuri
laSqris mizani da marSruti

Tvas gegmavda, magram nebismier adgilze gamarTavda ki? aseTi gamocdi-

li sardali Tavisi nebiT iseT adgils, romelic mas ar awyobda da
didgori savarudod ar awyobda, ar airCevda. saWiro iyo misi iZule-
ba, raTa brZola iq mieRo sadac ar surda.
rogor aiZula qarTvelTa upirvelesma mefem gamocdili il-Razi
daeSva Secdoma (Secdomebic ki), cxadia zustad ucnobia. SegviZlia
mxolod varaudi gamovTqvaT. aq aucileblad unda gavixsenoT ramdeni-
me muslimi istorikosis cnoba, rom Tavdapirvelad qarTvelebi damar-
cxdnen da gaiqcnen. muslimebi maT daedevnen, xolo Semdeg moulodne-
lad mobrunebulma qarTvelebma gadamwyveti gamarjveba moipoves.
qemal ad-dinis Tanaxmad, `seljukTa mefem toRrulma qarTvele-
bisa da maTi mefis daviTis winaaRmdeg daxmareba sTxova il-Razi or-
Tokis Zes, romelic gaemarTa misken mravalricxovani armiiT. mas Tan
axlda dubeis sadakas Ze. musulmanebma, romlebmac Tavdapirvelad da-
amarcxes isini, misdies mters bilikebiT da moqcnen maT zurgSi mTis
gadasasvlelze. Semdeg qarTvelebi gzaze Semoubrundnen maT da daamar-
cxes musulmanebi. misdevdnen ra, qarTvelebi xocavdne da tyved igdeb-
dnen maT. dubeisi, romlisganac warTmeulis Rirebuleba Seadgenda 300
000 dinars, najm ad-din il-RazisTan erTad gaemarTa mardinSi uvneb-
lad~. 25 marTebulad SeniSnavs guram kutalia, rom es daviT mefis sam-
xedro xriki iyo da mowinaaRmdegis Setyuebas iTvaliswinebda.
qarTvelTa Tavdapirveli marcxisa da Semdgom maTi gamarjvebis
Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs ibn al-kalanisTanac. am ukanasknelis mixedviT,
qarTvelebi Tavs daesxnen ToRruls, romelmac daxmareba sTxova il-
Razsa da dubaiss. qarTvelTa jari SeSinebuli gaiqca da muslimebi
maT daedevnen. magram moulodnelad qarTvelebi mobrunden, muslimebs
Seuties da daamarcxes. «В этом году также сообщалось о появлении
грузин из Дурубы и их нападении на территории князя Тогрыла.
Последний попросил помощи у эмира Наджм аль-Дина иль-Гази, сына
Ортука, правителя Алеппо, а также у туркмен и эмира Дубайс бен Садак
бен Мазияда. Они откликнулись на его просьбу и вышли к нему на
помощь с большим войском. Армия грузин в панике бежала, а мусульмане

25 g. kutalia. qemal ad-dinis cnobebi didgoris brZolis Sesaxeb. mecnierebaTa akade-

miis `moambe~. 1974 w. t. 74. #2, gv. 104.

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 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. XIII

преследовали их и осадили в Дурубе, но тут грузины атаковали

мусульман, обратили их в бегство и убили многих. После этого они пошли
на город Тифлис, с боем взяли его и казнили его жителей». 26
pirvel SetakebaSi qarTvelTa marcxsa da ukuqcevaze saubrobs
ibn al-adimic. 27
daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikosis Txzulebaze dayrdnobiT, mus-
limTa koaliciasTan gamarTul or brZolaze saubrobs s.kakabaZe. Tum-
ca mecnieri Tvlis, rom pirveli brZolac qarTvelTa gamarjvebiT
dasrulda. `yofila ori omi - pirveli omi, sadac agreTve Turqebma
ver SeZles `winadadgoma~ da damarcxdnen da meore kidev is sadac
TviTon daviTi xelmZRvanelobda `wingawyobas~ mTeli sami saaTis man-
Zilze, Turqebis saboloo damarcxebamde. pirveli omi igulisxmeba
didgoris qedze daviTis xelmZRvanelobiT, Zegvis xevisa da diRmis
wylis saTaveebs Sua (sawkepelas zeganze) da meore kidev - mTavari
omi - mis aRmosavleTiT aTiode kilometrze didgorwinaze, daviTisave
gankargulebiT~. 28
Cven vfiqrobT, rom mowinaaRmdegis ukve saqarTvelos samxreT
sazRvrebTan gamoCenisTanave awvdidnen mstovrebi daviT mefes saWiro
cnobebs. mefem gamoicno il-Razis Canafiqri, Tbilisis sanaxebSi mos-
vla da mas sakuTari gegma daupirispira. mefem arapirdapiri moqmede-
bis strategia airCia, `arapirdapiri moqmedebis gziT mowinaaRmdegis
SeiaraRebuli Zalebis brZolisunarianobis moSla, misi mdgradobis
darRveva da omis warmoebisaTvis misi nebis paralizeba~. 29 gegmis mTa-
vari idea mtris iseT adgilze Setyueba iyo sadac is Tavis ricxob-
riv upiratesobas ver gamiyenebda. Tvidanve SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mefem
es Canafiqri brwyinvaled Seasrula. `daviTma gaakeTa is rasac li-
del-harti elastiur qmedebas uwodebs: aiZula mowinaaRmdege gaekeT-
ebina iseTi moZraoba, romelzec daiWira da misi Zalisxmeva mis wina-
aRmdegve gamoiyena~. 30

26 Гамильтон Гибб, Дамасские хроники крестоносцев. Москва. 2009 ст. 119

(http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus3/Kalanisi_2/text13.phtml?id=12830)
27 g. jafariZe. nejm ad-din ilRazi, krebulSi daviT aRmaSenebeli Tb. 1990, gv. 223.
28 s. kakabaZe. didgoris brZola, gv. 105.
29 k. kacitaZe. strategiis safuZvlebi. Tb. 2007, gv. 340.
30 k. kacitaZe. strategiis safuZvlebi, gv. 352.

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mixeil baxtaZe. 1121 wels saqarTveloSi SemoWrili muslimTa koaliciuri
laSqris mizani da marSruti

g.jafariZe aRniSnavs, rom `Cans daviTma gamoiyena is taqtikuri

xerxi, romelic saerTod ucxo ar iyo aRmosavleTis samxedro xelov-
nebaSi, damarcxebis imitaciiT gaaTamama mteri da Seityua iq, sadac
generaluri brZolis gamarTva misTvis ufro xelsayreli iyo~. 31
mowinaaRmdegis Setyuebaze saubrobs s. margiSvilic. mecnieris
azriT es `marcxi~ da Semdeg Setyueba miznad isaxavda mtris didgo-
ris qedisken gatyuebas da CasafrebaSi Seyvanas. 32
Cven vfiqrobT, rom dmanisis sanaxebSi moxda pirveli Setakeba
muslimTa koaliciur laSqarTan da `marcxis~ gaTamaSeba. aqedan moxda
maTi Setyueba TrialeTis mimarTulebiT. anu samxreTidan CrdiloeTis
mimarTulebiT. Cveni azriT, gasaTvaliswinebelia erTi momentic, il-
Razi mxolod im SemTxvevaSi daedevneboda `damarcxebul da gaqceul~
qarTul mxedrobas Tu darwmundebobda, rom mis winaaRmdeg ibrZoda
qarTvelTa ara umniSvnelo nawili, aramed daviTis jaris umetesoba.
daviT aRmaSenebels ise unda warmoeCina viTareba, TiTqos dmanisis sa-
naxebSi brZolis gamarTva misi umTavresi gadawyvetileba iyo da misi
mxedrobis ZiriTadi nawilic aq iyo Tavmoyrili. amitom vfiqrobT, Se-
saZloa dmanisTan brZolaSi monawileoba miiRo sabrZolvelad Sekrebi-
li saqarTvelos mxedrobis mniSvnelovanma nawilma. pirobiTad 10-15
aTasma kacma. qarTvelebi dmanisis sanaxebSi myof mowinaaRmdeges daes-
xnen Tavs. brZola albaT gagrZelda saaTi, saaTnaxevari da Semdeg
daTqmul niSanze qarTvelebma brZolis veli miatoves da swrafad da-
ixies ukan CrdiloeTiT, TrialeTis qedis mimarTulebiT. garkveuli
xnis Semdeg imave mimarTulebiT daiZrnen musmlimebic. ukandaxeul
qarTvelTa devnisas muslimTa koalicias SemoaRamda da banaki dasca
manglissa da didgors Soris. koaliciuri laSqris mewinave nawili,
il-Razisa da dubeisis sardlobiT didgoris midamoebSi dabanakda. ja-
ris danarCeni nawili ki - manglisamde arsebul teritoriaze.
n.berZeniSvilis, iv.javaxiSvilisa da s.janaSias avtorobiT dawe-
ril saqarTvelos istoriis saskolo saxelmZRvaneloSi erTi sainte-

31 g. jafariZe. saqarTvelo da maxlobeli aRmosavleTis islamuri samyaro XII-XIII s-

is pirvel mesamedSi. Tb. 1995, gv. 49.
32 s. margiSvili. miTebi da realoba daviT aRmaSneblis mefobis Sesaxeb (omi seljuk-
Ta samyaros winaaRmdeg), gv. 166.

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 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. XIII

reso mosazrebaa - `mtris jarma swrafad iara. moulodnelad SemoiW-

ra saqarTveloSi, mxarmarjvnv datova Tbilisi~. 33 didgorisken moZra-
obisas Tbilisis mxarmarjvniv datoveba SeiZleba im SemTxvevebSi Tu
miemarTebi samxreTidan CrdiloeTisken an samxreT-aRmosavleTidan
Crdilo-dasavleTisken. warmoudgenelia Tbilisis mxarmarjvniv dato-
veba samxreT-dasavleTidan Crdilo-aRmosavleTisken moZraobisas (ase
imoZravebda koaliciuri laSqari Tu is javaxeTidan Semovida Trial-
eTSi).
il-Razi gamocdili sardali iyo da mas nebismieri mimarTule-
biT ver Seityuebdi (vTqvaT dasavleT saqarTvelos mimarTulebiT).
muslimTa koaliciis Sesatyueblad saWiro iyo iseTi adgilis SerCeva,
romelic il-Razis Tavdapirvel Canafiqrs Zalian ar Secvlida da ama-
ve dros eWvic ar gauCenda qarTvelTa samxedro xrikTan dakavSirebiT.
TrialeTi swored aseTi adgili iyo. 34 kidev erTxel movitanT n.ber-
ZeniSvilis mosazrebas, rom `queyana TrialeTisani~ saqarTvelos is-
toriul warsulSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis provincia iyo. geog-
rafiuli centri, umaRlesi zegani, oTxive mxriT wyalgamyofi teri-
toria mis garSemo mdebare qveynebs (zemo, Sida da qvemo qarTls) bu-
nebrivad hyofda da akavSirebda~. 35 TrialeTidan SeiZleboda Seteva
Tbilisi mimarTulebiTac da Sida qarTlis mimarTulebiTac. amas meg-
zurebi albaT etyodnen muslimTa sardals. Tu il-Razi TrialeTisken
(manglis-didgorisken) ukandaxeul qarTvelTa mxedrobas daeweoda da
daamarcxebad mas gza xsnili eqneboda orive mxares. mtris Setyueba
friad mniSvnelovan strategiul regionSi Zalian Tamami, Tumca amave
dros saxifaTo gadawyvetileba iyo da rac mTavaria albaT sruliad
moulodneli il-RazisTvis.
iyo savaraudod meore momentic. dmanisidan Tbilisisken mimavali
gza gadaketili qonda qarTul mxedrobas. isic gavixsenoT, rom sam-
Svilde da rusTavi qarTvelebs epyraT ukve karga xania. il-Razs sur-

33 n. berZeniSvili, iv. javaxiSvili, s. janaSia. saqarTvelos istoria. naw. I. Tb. 1950,

gv. 184.
34 Cven ar veTanxmebiT s. margiSvils, rom gaTamaSebuli marcxis Semdeg Setyueba mox-
da konkretulad didgoris qedisken. Cveni azriT es `marcxi~ moxda ufro adre da
iTvaliswinebda mowinaaRmdegis TrialeTSi Setyuebas.
35 n. berZeniSvili. gzebi rusTaveli epoqis saqarTveloSi, gv. 66.

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laSqris mizani da marSruti

da saqarTvelos jarTan didi brZolis gamarTva, magram albaT ara

qarTvelTa mier winaswar gamzadebul da gamagrebul poziciebze.
SesaZloa gvefiqra, rom TrialeTisken daZvris Semdeg egeb il-
Razma Tavdapirvel gegmaSi cvlileba Seetana da Sida qarTlis dakave-
ba scada, rogorc amas qarTvel mecnierTa nawili Tvlis. miT umetes
TrialeTidan Sida qarTlSi ramdenime gza gadadioda. `TrialeTis mTe-
bidan gamosuli mdinareebi: Zama, tana, TeZami, kavTura da niCbisis wya-
li maTi SenakadebiT qmnidnen xeobebs, romlebic Sida qarTls bunebri-
vad akavSirebdnen Tor-TrialeT-manglisTan. Tor-gujareTi, TrialeTi
da manglisi ki gzasayari qveynebi iyvnen, saidanac araerTi marSruti
Sida qarTlSi Sedioda swored am xeobebiT ... TrialeT-manglisidan
Sida qarTlsi TeZmis xeobiT momavali gzebi sami sxvadasxva punqtidan
gamodioda: TeZmis saTavidan, kldekaridan da manglisidan. pirveli
maTgani gamoivlida Wvarebs, dedacixes, xevRrmis monasters, rkonis
monasters, rkonis cixis raionSi Semodioda. meore marSruti kldeka-
ridan salomia-samaWaloze CamovliT rkonis cixesve Camodioda. man-
glisidan mesame mimarTuleba `gostibis Tavs~ gamoivlida da imave
rkonis cixis raionSi aRmoCndeboda. xeobidan gasavals am gzas `ma-
Ralsa kldesa zeda, magari, mdinaresa zeda TeZmisasa~ zenadris cixe
udarajebda. aqedan gza xsnili iyo doesis mindvriT gorisken (qvax-
vreli-ufliscixisken) an kidev axalqalaqiT Tbilisisken. meore gza
rkonis raionidan, es `qvenadris gza~ iyo. is mdinare TeZmis marjvena
napirze ikv-CaCubeTi-qvenadrisze gamoivlida da erTawminda-axalqalaq-
Si Semodioda. TeZmis marcxena napiriT fices-saorbisze mesame gza mi-
dioda ... Sida qarTlidan manglisisken gzebi ramdenime mimarTulebiT
midioda. 1. axalqalaq-cxireTze 2. mdinare kavTuras xeobiT (Tvaladi-
winarexi-botisian, Tvaladi-winarexi-qvaTaxevi-cixe kavTa). niCbisis xe-
viT (oxera-niCbisi-cixe kavTa) da Zegvis xeviT (Zegvi-xekorZi-koSki).
cixe kavTa rogorc Cans kontrols uwevda manglisidan Sida qarTlSi
mimaval mTavar gzebs niCbisze da Tvaladze~. 36 Cveni azriT, il-Razs
sakuTari Tavdapirveli ganzraxva ar Seucvlia TrilaleTSi Semos-
vlis Semdeg Sida qarTlisken ar auRia gezi. koaliciuri laSqris
moZraobis marSruti manglisidan didgorisken, savaraudod, imaze mi-

36 n. berZeniSvili. gzebi rusTaveli epoqis saqarTveloSi. gv. 42; 48; 50.

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uTiTebs, rom il-Razs jari Tbilisisken moyavda. mas TrialeTidan Si-

da qarTlSi gadasvla rom ndomeboda es manglisTan unda gaekeTebina
da TeZmis Tu ara kavTuras an niCbisiswylis xeobis mimarTulebiT un-
da emoZrava, anu CrdiloeTisken wasuliyo da ara aSkarad aRmosavle-
Tisken.
daviT aRmaSeneblis mematiane wers, `movides TrialeTs, mangliss
da didgorTa.~ rogor unda gavigoT misi sityvebi? iv.SaiSmelaSvili
Tvlida rom saubaria sam punqtze: TrialeTze, manglisze da didgor-
ze. `Turqebis laSqari am sam raionSi unda dajgufebuliyo, samive es
geografiuli mikroraioni ZvelTaganve erTiani didi strategiuli mi-
marTulebis amosaval pozicias warmoadgenda~. 37 Cven vfiqrobT, rom
mematianes sityvebi Semdegnairad unda gavigoT: mteri movida Trial-
eTSi, kunkretulad ki manglissa da didgorSi. manglisica da didgo-
ric TrialeTis `qveyanaSi~ mdebareobs.
Cveni azriT, muslimTa koaliciis mosvla TrialeTSi moxda il-
Razis Tavdapirveli gegmis sawinaaRmdegod. is daviTma iZulebuli ga-
xada TrialeTSi misuliyo. aqedan il-Razs namdvilad SeeZlo Sida
qarTlSi gadasvla. ra moxdeboda Tu is Sida qarTlSi gadavidoda?
aaoxrebda saqarTvelos erT-erT yvelaze nayofier da ekonomikurad
dawinaurebul mxares. daiRupeboda mosaxleobis nawili da zogic
tyved Cavardeboda. Tumca SegviZlia davuSvaT, rom mosaxleobis um-
Tavresi nawili gaxizvnasa da damalvas moaswrebda. gadaWrida sakomu-
nikacio gzebs. cxadia es seriozuli zarali iqneboda saqarTvelos sa-
mefosTvis, magram miuxedavad yovelive amisa mainc ver SeZlebda Tavi-
si mTavari amocanis Sesrulebas, TbilisisaTvis safrTxis moxsnas. da-
viTs SeeZlo brZola arc mieRo. ramdeni xani iqneboda il-Razi Sida
qarTlSi? adre Tu gvian mouwevda Tbilisisken wamosvla. ubralod
dros dakargavda. amitom vfiqrobT, rom TrialeTSi myofma il-Razma
uari Tqva Sida qarTlSi gadasvlaze da pirdapir Tbilisisken daiZra.
muslimTa koalicia dasavleTidan uaxlovdeboda Tbiliss, anu moZra-
obda manglisidan Tbilisisken, didgoris gavliT.
ra Tqma unda SesaZlebelia daviTis istorikosis sityvebis -
`movides TrialeTs, mangliss da didgorTa~- gansxvavebuli interpre-

37 q. CxataraiSvili, iv. SaiSmelaSvili. didgoris brZola, gv. 78.

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laSqris mizani da marSruti

tacia. SesaZloa mteri erTdroulad movida manglisSi da didgorSi.

Tumca Cven vTvliT, rom am SemTxvevaSi mematiane gulisxmobs koalic-
iuri laSqaris yofnas manglisidan didgoramde arsebul teritoriaze.
vfiqrobT, rom Tbilisiken moZraobisas il-Razma banaki manglisa da
didgors Soris dasca. laSqris avangardi ki, romelsac Tavad il-Razi
sardlobda didgorSi idga.
rac Seexeba qarTvelTa laSqars, is manglis-didgoris sanaxebSi
Sida qarTlidan unda asuliyo mdinareebis: niCbisiwylis, kavTurasa da
SesaZloa TeZamis xeobebis gavliT. niCbisidan TiTqmis pirdapir did-
gorze gavidodnen, xolo kavTuradan - manglisze.

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 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. XIII

Mikheil Bakhtadze
Associate Professor,
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Georgia

THE GOAL AND ROUTE OF THE MUSLIM COALITION ARMY

DURING THE 1121 CAMPAIGN IN GEORGIA

Summary

On 12 August, 1121, the coalition army headed by Najm ad-Din Ilghazi

ibn Artuq suffered defeat from the Georgian troops under the command of King
David IV Aghmashenebeli. Various questions arising in connection with the
battle are still a subject of study. This time, I would like to focus on two issues:
what was the goal of the coalition army and what was its route? The first
question seems to be easy to answer: the goal was to defeat the Georgians. But
we are interested what type of “defeat” was intended to be inflicted on the
enemy? Was the objective of the invaders to defeat the king in a pitched-battle,
to kill him or to occupy a certain part of Georgia? Could the enemy have some
other intentions? I agree with S. Margishvili’s assumption that Ilghazi’s goal
was the capture of Tbilisi, and he intended to secure Dmanisi and Ganja. To
achieve the goal, the Muslims had to capture Georgian fortresses in the region,
and they had to reduce Georgian military power.
Since very little information is available and the existing accounts are
contradictory, it is difficult to define the route taken by the enemy. To solve the
problem, several issues must be clarified. Did the regiments of the coalition
army enter Georgia separately and unite later on, e.g. in Trialeti? I think that the
Muslim coalition army entered Trialeti as one army. I can assume that Ilghazi
moved from Kars in the direction of Ani. The most appropriate site for
unification of the troops approaching from Ani and Ganja was Kvemo Kartli.
The troops from Ani and Dvin probably united prior to entering to Georgia and
were joined by military forces from Ganja. The coalition army had to be united
somewhere near Dmanisi. If the Muslim coalition army united in Kvemo Kartli,
why did it arrive in “Trialeti, Manglisi and Didgori”? One can assume that as
soon as the enemy appeared at the south border of Georgia, spies provided King

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David with information about the troop movement. David realized that Ilghazi’s
intentions were to approach the surroundings of Tbilisi. The Georgian king
made changes to his initial plan and tried to lure the enemy into a battle site,
which would be unfavourable for the invaders, giving them no way to use their
numerical superiority over the Georgian army. In my opinion, the first battle
with the coalition army took place in the environs of Dmanisi. The enemy was
tricked into thinking that it defeated the Georgians and was then lured in the
direction of Trialeti. As to the Georgian army, I assume that it arrived in the
environs of Manglisi-Didgori via the Nichbistskali and Kavturi gorges, and
probably Tedzami as well.

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