Duress, undue influence and unconscionable The Universal Sentinel (Lord Diplock and Lord

bargains Scarman)

Duress Undue Influence

1. Nature of duress 1. Basis
1) Lynch v DPP of Northern Ireland 1) Allcard v Skinner
2) Pao on v Lau Yiu Long
2. Classes
2. Illegitimate pressure + Causation 1) Barclays Bank Plc v O’Brien (Lord
-- 5 types of illegitimate pressure Browne-Wilkinson)
DSND Subsea Ltd v Petroleum Geo-services
ASA (Dyson J) [protest, reasonable 3. Class 1
alternative, affirmation, breach, good faith] 1) Bank of Credit and Commerce
International SA v Aboody (Slade LJ)
3. Economic duress 2) Royal Bank of Scotland Plc v Etridge
1) North Ocean Shipping Co Ltd v (No 2)
Hyundai Construction Co Ltd 3) Bank of Montreal v Stuart
2) Pao On v Lau Yiu Long 4) Coldunell v Gallon
3) Dimskal Shipping Co Ltd v ITWF (The 5) UCB Corporate Services Ltd v Williams
EVIA LUCK) (Causation)  CIBC v Pitt
4) B&S Contracts & Design Ltd v Victor
Green Publications Ltd 4. Class 2
1) RBS v Etridge (No 2)
4. Legitimate breach? 2) Turkey v Awadh
1) Genuinely unable to perform his side of 3) Inche Noriah v Shaik Allie Bin Omar
obligations (rebut the presumption)
-- Williams & Roffey Bros v Nicholls
(Contractors) Ltd 5. Surety
-- Biffen v Bignell 1) RBS v Etridge
2) Bad faith 2) Barclays Bank Plc v O’Brien
-- Huyton v Peter Cremer GmBH & Co
3) Fairness Unconscionable bargains
Cf. Atlas Express Ltd v Kafco (Importers and 1) Fry v Lane
Distributors) Ltd 2) Ming Shiu Chung v Ming Shiu Sum

5. Not wrongful acts 2. Scope

1) Williams v Bayley -- Oppressive terms
2) Mutual Finance Co Ltd v John Wetton -- Weakness in the bargain
& Sons Ltd 1) Blomley v Ryan
2) Commercial Bank of Australia v
6. Causation Amadio
1) Barton v Armstrong 3) Alec Lobb Ltd v Total Oil (Great
2) The EVIA LUCK (Lord Goff) Britain) Ltd
3) Huyton SA v Peter Cremer GmBH & Co -- Unconscionability (knowingly take
(Mance J) advantage)
4) Pao On v Lau Yiu Long (Lord Scarman) 1) Hart v O’Connor
2) Boustany v Piggott
7. Damages 3) Multiservice Bookbinding Ltd v
Marden